
Qass LJiJtL 

Book hi U 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
DIVISION OF PUBLICATIONS, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



INDEX / 



OF 



I V 



AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, 



BEING 



FARMERS' BULLETINS 558, 

560, 563, 570, 575, 581, 584:, 590, 

598, 60^4, 611, 615, 620, 629, 641, 

645, 651, 665, 672. 



PREPARED BY 



CHARLES H. GREATHOUSE, 

IN CHARGE OF INDEXING, DIVISION' OF PUBLICATIONS. 




WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1915. 

. . 4- 






D. of D. 
FEB 13 1916 



NO 



INDEX 



Farmers' 

Abattoirs Bulletin No. Page. 

Argentina, classes, output, 1904-1912, etc 581 34, 35 

Argentina, control by Cliicago packers 581 31 

public, need in United States 560 24 

Africa — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 21 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 

corn cultivation, extent, distribution, acreage, etc., discussion. 581 4 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 29 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 25 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 575 43 
Agricultural — 

forecast, September 1, 1913 558 6-7 

forecasts, review, October 1, 1913 560 1-15 

products- 
acreage, production, and value, 1912-1914 645 4, 24-36 

See also Farm products, and under names of animals, 
grains, etc. 

progress, importance of taking pains; article by Dr. T. N. Carver 629 15-17 
Agriculture — 

Department, cooperation in employment service for farm labor. . 665 9-13 

International Institute, value in crop reporting service 581 50 

Alabama — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 8 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Alberta — 

acreage and production of principal crops, 1913 581 15, 

20,22, 
24, 28 

wheat crops, 1911, 1913, acreage and production 575 41 

Alfalfa- 
crop condition — 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 15 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 32 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 30 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 3 

hay, price averages, 1914 651 27 

production — 

and comparisons, 1914, by States 620 28 

1913, by States 558 17 

value for cattle in Argentina 581 33 

Alfalfa seed — 
farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 36 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 41 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 26 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 26 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 26 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 584 21 

March 15, 1914 590 20 

April 15, 1914 598 20 

May 15, 1914 604 20 

June 15, 1914 611 37 

July 15, 1914 615 35 

August 15, 1914 620 33 

September 15, 1914 629 30 

October 15, 1914 641 38 

3 



AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Alfalfa seed — Continued. 

price averages — continued. 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

prices paid by farmers — 

February 15, 1914 

March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

July 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

prices paid by producers — 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

yield and production — 

1913, by States 

1914, by States ' 

Algeria — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production... 
citrus fruits, crop condition, 1914, consular report, 
corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production. . . . 
flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production. 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production... 
wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production... 
Almonds — 

crop conditions in California, 1913 



crop conditions in California, 1914. 



Farmers' 
Bulletin No. 

645 
651 
665 
672 

584 
590 
598 
604 
611 
615 
620 
629 
641 
645 
651 
665 
672 

641 
645 
665 
672 



Andrews, Frank — 

article and statistics on "Relative production of apple varieties" 

article on ' ' Corn from Argentina " 

article on ' ' Oats from Canada " 

article on ' ' The cotton crop surplus " 

article on ' ' The sugar siipply " 

article on ' ' "Wagon hauls for farm products " 

preliminary estimate of sugar plants, 1914 

Animal products — 

consTimption on farm, percentage 

value, 1913 

value, 1914 ." 

waste on farm, causes, etc 

Animals — 

and animal products, value, 1879-1914, by years 

domestic. See Live stock. 

farm. See Live stock. 

meat — 

; losses from disease and exposure, 1913 

price averages, 1911-1913 



560 
629 

581 
629 
581 
581 
581 
581 
575 

f558 
560 
563 
598 
604 
611 
620 
629 
641 

641 
581 
581 
641 
672 
672 
641 

570 
570 

645 
560 

645 



590 
560 



43 
27 
27 
27 

21 
20 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 

37 
42 
26 
26 

11 

24 

21 
13-14 
5 
29 
16 
25 
43 

14 
8 
7 

14 
8 

11 
5 

12 
6 

16-17 

6-9 

17 

9-12 

5-6 

11-14 

4-6 

2 

2,6, 

16-17 

6 

27 



INDEX. 



Antihog-cliolera serum — 

directions for use 

discovery by department, value, etc 

reliability, importance 

"Apple barrel law," text of Sulzer law 

Apple crop — 

condition, 1913 

estimates, September 1, 1914 

forecast, 1914 

forecasts from condition, 1914 

marketing, discussion, and outlook 

movement, 1913 

movement by geographic divisions, 1914 * 

movement, shipments out of counties where grown, 1914 

relation of commei'cial crop 

Apples — 

cold storage- 
December 1, 1914 ■ 

February 1, 1915, in relation to market 

March 1, 1915 

April 1, 19J5 

crop condition — 

June 1, 1914 

Julv 1, 1914... 

August 1, 1914 

September 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

distribution in foreign countries, publications on, list . . . 
exports — 

1913 

effect of European war 

farm prices — 

August 15, 1913, by States 

Sei)tember 15, 1913, by States 

October 15, 1913, by States 

November 15, 1913, by States 

September 15, 1914, by States 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

nionthly, 1910-1914 

handling for market, suggestions 

marketing under Sulzer law, advantages 

movement — 

February 1, 1915 

March 1, 1915 

picking for market, suggestions 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 

March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15, 1914 

Junel5,*1914 

July 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 



Farmers' 




illetin No. 


Page, 


590 


3-7 


558 


4-5 


590 


3-4 


620 


21-22 


558 


2-3, 19 


620 


15 


615 


14 


641 


4 


620 


16-22 


570 


22-23 


604 


23-24 


672 


6 


604 


23 


645 


14-15 


651 


10-12 


665 


13-14 


672 


19-20 


604 


16 


611 


33 


615 


31 


620 


2,3, 




29,30 


629 


2,25 


620 


20 


570 


19 


620 


16-17 


558 


18 


560 


12 


563 


13 


645 


9 


629 


30 


641 


3,30 


645 


39 


651 


24 


665 


24 


672 


24 


645 


10 


620 


17-19 


620 


16 


651 


11 


665 


13-14 


620 


17-18 


584 


21 


590 


20 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 



AGBICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Apples — Continued. Farmers' 

production— Bulletin No 

1899-1914 

1914 1 

1913, by States I 

1914, by States 

1914, estimates 

shipments — 

percentage moved in carload lots 

out of county where grown, 1913 

varieties, relati ve production 

yield, production, and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 

Appropriation, hog cholera eradication 

Apricots, crop conditions in California — 

September 1, 1913 

October 1, 1913 

May 1, 1914 

June 1, 1914 

July 1, 1914 

September 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

Argentina — 

beef export trade, development, and extent 

cattle — 

hides, exports and imports, 1912 

industry, conditions, management 

number, 1888-1913, by years 

quality, number, improvement, etc., 1888-1912 

corn — 

crops 1911-1913, acreage and production 

exports to United Kingdom, value per bushel 

imports, quality, composition, etc.. 

production, development, and increase, discussion 

exports of meat animals and packing-house products 1895-1912, 

discussion and tables 

flaxseed crops, acreage and production 

flour exports, 1912-1914 

food production and requirements, percentages 

foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

sheep industry, decline, note 

weather conditions, uncertainty, effect on cattle industry, note . 
wheat — 

acreage, 1914, decrease 

acreage, production and exports, 1912-1914 

crop, 1914 

crop, abandoned acreage, causes, etc 

crops, 1912-1914 | 

crops, 1913, 1914 

crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production ' 

Argentine beef, imports, world trade, extent of industry, etc 

Arizona — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Arkansas — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 

See also unier name of specific product, by States. 



615 


14 


615 


14,32 


629 


3 


560 


12 


563 


13 


641 


17-18, 




19,30 


645 


9 


620 


2 


615 


14 


570 


22-23 


641 


16-19 


641 


2 


558 


5 


558 


14 


560 


8 


598 


14 


604 


8 


611 


11 


620 


5 


629 


12 


581 


30-31 


615 


20 


581 


32-34 


615 


21 


581 


31-32 


581 


5 


581 


7 


581 


9-12 


581 


2,6-7 


581 


35-38 


581 


27,28 


645 


17 


641 


21 


641 


22 


581 


15 


581 


24 


581 


33 


581 


34 


641 


7 


645 


16-17 


575 


43 


645 


17 


629 


6 


641 


9 


598 


5 


575 


41 


581 


30-40 



615 



615 
590 



10 



9-10 
2 



INDEX. 7 

Farmers' 

Asia^ Bulletin No. Page, 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 571 20 

Central, wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 42 

corn crop, 191 1, acreage and production, by countries . .... 581 5 

corn cultivation, extent, distribution, acreage, etc., discussion. 581 4 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production _ 581 29 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 25 

rye crop, 1911, acreage and production, by countries 581 23 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 575 42 

Asses, tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 

Australasia — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 21 

corn crops, 1911-1913, by countries 581 5-6 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries.. 581 25 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 23 

Australia — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 21 

cattle, number, 1890-1912, by years 615 21 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by provinces. . 581 5-6 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and- production 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by provinces. . 581 25 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by piovinces 581 23 

wheat crop, 1914, decrease 641 7 

wheat crop, 1914, production 575 43 

wheatcrops, 1912-1914 | ^J ^ 

wheat crops, 1913, 1914 598 5 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by provinces.. 575 43 

Austria — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 15 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 24 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 22 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 41 

Austria-Hungary — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 20 

cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 615 20 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 5 

cotton imports from United States, 1911-1914 641 12 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by 

countries 581 28 

food production and requirements, percentages 641 21 

foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 22 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production by countries 581 15 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 24 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 22 

Barley — 

acreage and production, 1913 581 20 

acreage, condition, forecastj and price, June 1, 1914 604 14 

acreage, yield and production — 

1913, estimates | 

1914, estimates 620 2 

acreage, yield, production, and value — 

1913 570 8,32 

1914, by States 645 4,22,29 

consumption on farm by various animals, quantity and value . 629 8-9 

crop — 

condition at harvest, 1914, with comparisons 620 2 

forecasts from condition, 1914 641 4 



558 10-11 

560 4 



8 



AGBICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Barley — Continued. Farmers' 

crop — continued. Bulletin No. 

world, importance, distribution, international trade, etc., 

discussion .581 

crop condition and prices — 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

crops, England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production. . 620 
farm prices^ 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 

April 1, 1914, by States 590 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

November 1, 1914, by States 641 

December 1, 1914, by States 645 

January 1, 1915, by States 651 

April 1, 1915, by States 672 

price averages — 

1913 558 

October 1, 1913 560 

November 1, 1913 563 

December 1, 1913 570 

August 1, 1914 615 

October 1, 1914 629 

November 1, 1914 641 

December 1, 1914 645 

January 1, 1915 651 

February 15, 1915 665 

March 15, 1915 672 

production and value, comparisons, 1913 570 

production in leading five States, 1914 645 

seed, preparation for sowing, directions 584 

seeding, quantity sown per acre, by countries 672 

shipments — 

from California to eastern markets, by water 645 

out of county where grown, by States 584 

smut, treatment of seed for prevention 584 

stocks on farms, March 1, 1914 584 

stocks, prices and movement, March 1, 1915, by States 665 

value — 

comparisons, 1914 with other years 651 

per acre, with comparisons, 1914 645 

weight per bushel, by States j g^-, 

yield — 

and production, 1913 563 

and production, 1914 < g.-,g 

f 598 

1 914, by States, estimates from crop conditions < n-,-, 

[ 615 

peracre, 1903-1913 1 ^^^ 

production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 641 

production and quality, 1913, by States 560 

production and quality, 1914, by States 629 

Barrel, standard for apples, Sulzer law 620 



18-21 

16 
14 
29 
25 
24 
16 

16 
10 
32 
15 
18 
18 
21 
33 
29 
20 
22 

10 

4 

2 

8 

2 

3 

38 

23,43 

27 

27 

27 

10 

5 

7 

11 

13 

15 

7 

2,15 

2,18 

8-9 
23 
12 
29 

2 

2 

3 

21 

21 

38 

36 

7 

18 

2 

10 

21 

21 



INDEX. 



Beans — Farmers' 

crop condition— Bulletin No 

September ] , 1913, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

crop of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production, 
farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

Lima, crop condition — 

June 1, 1914, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

yield and production, 1914, by States 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

July 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 ; 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

production, 1913, percentage by States 

soy. See Soy beans, 
velvet. See Velvet beans. 

yield and production, 1914, by States 

Beef— 

Argentine, imports, world trade, extent of industry, etc 

consumption, 1900, 1909 

exports, 1913 

imports — 

discussion 

effect on cattle industry, discussion 

production , decline 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 

Bees — 

colonies and condition. May 1, 1914, by States 

condition, number of colonies and outlook on specific dates. . . . 

honey production of colony in Porto Rico 

Beets, sugar — 

acreage and production, 1913, by States 

acreage and production, 1914, estimates 

acreage, 1914, by States 

acreage planted and harvested, 1914, by States 

acreage, production and prices, 1913, by States 

acreage, yield, and production, 1914, estimates 

acreage, yield, production and value, 1913 

acreage, yisld, production and value, 1914, by States < 

compo lition, by States 

crop condition — 

September 1 , 1913, by States 

October 1, 1913, by States 

November 1, 1913, by States 

June 1, 1914, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

8214—15 2 



558 


20 


611 


34 


615 


33 


620 


31 


620 


16 


641 


35 


645 


40 


651 


25 


665 


25 


672 


25 


604 


17 


611 


34 


615 


33 


629 


26 


584 


21 


590 


20 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


560 


14 



629 



26 



581 


30-40 


575 


24,25 


570 


19 


560 


19-20 


560 


26 


560 


18 


575 


29 


598 


17 


598 


8-9 


620 


6 


570 


13 


615 


15-16 


611 


10-11 


611 


11 


598 


10 


620 


5 


570 


8 


641 


4-5 


645 


4 


672 


3 


558 


20 


560 


15 


563 


13 


604 


15 


611 


37 



10 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Beets, sugar — Coiitiuued. Farmers' 

crop condition — continued. Bulletin No. 

August ] , 1914, by States 615 15- 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

price averages paid to producers. 1913 611 

price averages, December 1, 1913 .570 

prices, 1914, note 672 

production, 1913 629 

production and value, 1913 570 

production by States, 1914 672 

production, 1915, forecast 629 

production in leading five States, 1914 645 

yield and quality, averages, 1914 641 

Beets, yield of sugar, by States I />y9 

Beet-sugar factories — 

number, output, consumption of beets, etc., 1914, by States. . . 672 

number, output, length of campaign, 1913, by States 598 

Belgium — 

barley crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 

cattle hides, imports, 1912 615 

cotton imports from United States, 1914 .- 641 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1912, acreage and production 581 

foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 

oat crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 

potato crop, 1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crop, 1913, acreage and ]iroduction 581 

wheat crop, 1913 575 

wheat crop, 1914 641 

Bell, G. A., article on "Effect of war on exports of horses" 651 

Blackberries, crop condition — 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 

Blue-grass seed — 

crop condition, 1913 558 

crop condition, August 1, 1914, by States 615 

production and comparisons, 1914, by States 620 

Bosnia-Herzegovina- — 

barley crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 

corn crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1912 581 

oat crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 

potato crop, 1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat crop, 1913, acreage and production 575 

Bran — 

prices paid by farmers- 
February 15, 1914 584 

March 15, 1914 590 

April 15, 1914 598 

May 15, 1914 604 

June 15, 1914 611 

July 15, 1914 615 

August 15, 1914 620 

September 15, 1914 629 

October 15, 1914 641 

November 15, 1914 645 

December 15, 1914 651 

February 15, 1915 665 

March 15, 1915 672 

prices paid bv producers- 
October i5, 1914, by States 641 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 



16,33 

31 

27 

11 

8 

4 

11 

12 

3 

11 

5 

2 

10 
3 

3 
10-11 

20 
20 
12 
28 
22 
15 
24 
22 
42 
9 
3-4 

16 
33 
31 

14 
30 
28 

20 
5 
28 
15 
24 
22 
41 



21 
20 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 

37 
42 
26 



INDEX. 



11 



Bran — Continued. • Farmers' 

prices paid by producers — continued. Bulletin No. ge. 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 26 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 26 

Brand, Charles J.— 

article on "Marketing by parcel post" 611 16-22 

report of 1914 conference on the cotton marketing situation 620 8 

Brazil — 

cattle liides, exports, 1912 615 20 

cattle, number 615 21 

wheat production, note 645 15 

Breeding sows, number, by States, percentages 590 17 

British Columbia, potato crop, 1912, acreage and production 581 24 

British India. See India, British. 

British ports, shipments from Pacific coast by Panama Canal, time 

of passage 665 7 

Broom corn — 

crop condition — 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 35 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 33 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 3,31 

farm prices — ■ 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 40 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 25 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 25 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 25 

price averages^ 

February 15, 1914 584 21 

March 15, 1914 590 20 

April 15, 1914 598 20 

May 15, 1914 604 20 

June 15, 1914 611 37 

July 15, 1914 : 615 35 

August 15, 1914 620 33 

September 15, 1914 629 30 

October 15, 1914 641 38 

November 15, 1914 645 43 

December 15, 1914 651 27 

February 15, 1915 665 27 

March 15, 1915 672 27 

production, 1913, percentages by States 560 15 

yield, 1914, by States 629 27 

Buckwheat — 

acreage, 1914 629 2 

acreage and production, 1914, by States 615 26 

acreage, production and value, 1914 645 4 

[ 5G0 5 

acreage, yield, and production, 1913 1 563 4 

[ 570 8, 34 

acreage, yield , and production, 1913, by States 570 34 

acreage, yield, and production, 1914, estimates 620 2 

acreage, yield, production, and value, 1914, by States 645 22, 31 

crop condition — 

and price, August 1, 1914, by States 615 26 

and price, September 1, 1914, by States 620 2, 26 

and price, October 1, 1914, by States 629 23 

September 1, 1913, bv States 558 16 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 11 

October 1, 1914 629 2 

crop estimate, acreage, and prices, 1913 ■ . . 558 11 

crop, forecasts from condition in specific months 641 4 

crop, production, value, leading States, 1913 570 15 

crop, value comparisons, 1914 with other years 651 8-9 

crop, value per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 645 23 

farm prices — 

November 1, 1913, by States 663 11 

December 1 , 1913, by States 570 34 



12 AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 

Buckwheat — Continued. * Farmers' 

farm prices — continued. Bulletin No. Page. 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 

April 1, 1914, by States 590 18 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 18 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 18 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 23 

November 1, 1914, by States 641 28 

December 1, 1914, by States 645 31 

January 1, 1915, by States 651 20 

March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 

April 1, 1915, by States 672 22 

price averages — 

September 1, 1913 558 11 

October 1, 1913 560 5 

November 1, 1913 563 2,4 

December 1,1913 570 8 

Augustl,1914 615 2 

November 1, 1914 641 38 

December 1, 1914 645 23, 43 

January 1, 1915 651 27 

February 15, 1915 672 27 

production in leading five States, 1914 645 5 

yield and production, 1913 563 2 

yield and production, 1914 < ^oq q 

f 611 38 

yield, 1914, by States, estimates from crop conditions < 615 36 

I 620 34 

yield, production, and quality, 1913, by States 563 11 

yield, production, and quality, 1914, by States 641 2, 28 

B lildings — ■ 

farm, investment, total and average, per farm, 1910 570 2 

maintenance, cost on farms, average, 1910 570 3 

Bulgaria — 

barley crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 20 

corn crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 5 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1912, acreage and production 581 28 

oat crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 15 

potato crop, 1912, acreage and production 581 24 

rye crop, 1913, acreage and production 581 22 

wheat crop, 1913 575 42 

wheat crop, 1914 641 9 

B shel— 

grain, weights, by States 641 29 

weights of grain by States ; 563 12 

B itter— 

farm prices — • 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 

April 1, 1914, by States 590 19 

Mav 1, 1914, by States 598 19 

June 1, 1914, by States ' 604 18 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 34 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 32 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 29 

November 1, 1914, by States 641 38 

January 1, 1915, by States 651 21 

March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 

April 1, 1915, by States 672 23 

importations, quality, effect of new tariff law, etc 575 15 

marketing by parcel post, practices 611 19 

price averages- 
November 1, 1914 641 38 

December 1, 1914 645 43 

January 1, 1915 651 27 

March 1, 1915 665 27 

April 1, 1915 672 27 



in No. 


Page. 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


39 


645 


44 


651 


28 


665 


28 


672 


28 


575 


15 


611 


10 


620 


7 


575 


29 



INDEX. 13 

Butter — Continue d . Fai mers 

prices at market centers — l^ 

May, 1914 

June, 1914 

July, 1914 

August, 1914 

September, 1914 

October, 1914 

November, 1914 

December, 1914 

January, 1915 

March, 1915 

April, 1915 

production, 1909 

receipts at principal markets — 

June, 1914, comparisons 

August, 1914, comparisons 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 

Cabbages — 

acreage, yield, and production in States of surplus production, 

1913, 1914 645 11.12 

crop condition- 
in Florida, March 1, 1914 

in Florida, April 1, 1914 

in Florida, May 1, 1914 

in Florida and California, March 1, 1915 

in Florida and California, April 1, 1915 

September 1, 1913, by States 

June 1, 1914, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

farm prices — 

November 1, 1913 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914," by States'. 

December 15, 1914. by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

price averages^ 

December 15, 1913 

Februarv 15, 1914. i 

March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15. 1914 

June 15. 1914 •. 

July 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

Februarv 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 ". 

yield and production, 1913, by States -j 

yield and production, 1914, by States 

California — 

barley shipments to eastern markets by water 

beet-sugar industry, 1912-1913 

beet-sugar, production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 

crop conditions — 

November 1. 1913 

December 1, 1913 



584 


22 


590 


10 


598 


14 


665 


5 


672 


7 


558 


19 


604 


17 


611 


34 


615 


33 


520 


31 


563 


6-7 


641 


3'5 


645 


40 


651 


25 


665 


25 


672 


25 


560 


8 


584 


21 


590 


20 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


560 


14 


563 


6-7 


629 


26 


645 


13 


570 


13 


598 


10 


563 


7 


570 


21-22 



14 



AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



California — Continued . Farmers' 

crop conditions— continued. ■ Bulletin No. Page. 

March 1, 1914 584 22 

April 1, 1914 590 10 

May 1,1914 598 14 

June 1. 1914 604 8 

Julyl,1914 611 11 

August 1,1914 615 11 

November 1, 1914 641 6 

crops, production, 1912-1914, percentages 645 10 

fruit crop, condition, December 1, 1913 570 21-22 

fruits and nuts, crop conditions, October 1, 1913 560 8 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Calves — 

farm prices — ■ 

March 15, 1914, by States 590 19 

April 15, 1914, by States 598 19 

May 15, 1914, by States 604 19 

June 15, 1914, by States 611 36 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 34 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 38 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 22 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 23 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 23 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 584 21 

April 15. 1914 598 20 

May 15, 1914 604 20 

June 15, 1914 611 37 

July 15, 1914 615 35 

August 15. 1914 620 33 

September 15, 1914 629 30 

October 15, 1914 641 38 

November 15, 1914 645 43 

December 15, 1914 651 27 

February 15, 1915 665 27 

March 15, 1915 672 27 

receipts at principal markets, 1900-1913, yearly 575 12 

receipts at principal markets, 1900-1914, yearly 615 22 

slaughter under Federal inspection, 1910-1913 560 18 

Canada — 

apple crop, 1914, condition 615 22 

barley crop, acreage and production, 1914 ■. 629 15 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by Provinces. . 581 20 

barley production, 1912, 1913 560 6 

cattle, number, 1891-1913, by years 615 21 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by Provinces.. 581 5 
crops- 
acreage, vield, etc., 1914 629 14-15 

principal, 1914 641 14-15 

flaxseed — • 

acreage and production, 1913 581 27, 28 

acreage and production, 1914 629 15 

production, 1912, 1913 560 6 

food production and requirements, percentages 641 21-22 

foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 22 

grain acreage, 1914 604 9 

oat crop — 

1913, acreage and production 560 4 

1914, acreage and production 629 15 

1911-1913, acreage and production, by Provinces 581 15 

oats production, distribution, comparisons, etc 581 18 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by Provinces. . 581 24 

rye crop, acreage and production, 1914 629 15 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by Provinces 581 22 

. rj^e production, 1912, 1913 560 5 



INDEX. 15 

Farmers' 

Canada-Continued. . Bulletin No. Page. 

wheat crop, 1914, acreage and production 629 15 

wheat crops- ^^^ ^ 

1911, 1913 1 575 41 

/ 629 6 

1912-1914 ( (541 9 

Canadian peas. Sec Peas. 
Cane, sorghum. See Sorghum. 
Cane, sugar — ■ 

amount used for sugar in Louisiana, 1914 • 641 5-6 

crop condition — 

October 1, 1913 560 8 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 35 

August 1, 1914, bv States 615 33 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 31 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 27 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 31 

Hawaii, acreage — ■ 

production and yield of sugar, 1911-1913, by divisions 598 12 

production and yield of sugar, 1912-1914, by divisions 665 6 

production, yield, and sugar production, Louisiana, 1913 590 11-12 

yield of sugar in Louisiana, 1913, 1914 645 10 

Cane-sugar factories— 

in Hawaii, cane composition and sugar output, 1911-1913 570 14 

in Hawaii, number, output, 1914 665 6 

in Louisiana, cane consumption and sugar output, 1911-1913... 570 13 

in Louisiana, cane consumption and sugar out]>ut, 1911-1914. . . 672 4 
Cantaloupes — 

crop condition — 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 17 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 33 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 31 

September 1, 1914, by States. 620 3, 30 

crop conditions, Florida and California — 

May 1,1914 598 14 

June 1,1914 604 8 

July 1, 1914 611 11 

September 1, 1914 620 5 

Cape of Good Hope, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 25 

Car supply, movement of wheat crop of 1914, relation 611 23-26 

Carleton, M. a., article on "The preparation of seed grain for 

spring planting " 584 6-7 

Carload, wheat 611 24 

Cars, freight, number owned by railroads 611 24 

Carver, Dr. T. N., article on "Taking pains" 629 15-17 

Cattle- 
Argentina, industry, quality, numbers, etc., 1888-1912 581 31-34 

condition, 1910-1915 672 19 

condition, April 1 , 1915, 10-year average, by States 672 17 

consumption of feed crops, quantity and value of various crops. . 629 8-9 

decline in production 560 18 

decrease in number, causes < r-r 9 fi_7 

distribution by geographic divisions, percentages 575 10 

dutiable, imports, July-September, 1913 575 27 

England and Wales, number, 1911-1914 620 16 

export trade, decline 560 18-19 

farm prices — 

January 1, 1914, average and increase 575 3 

March 15, 1914, by States 590 19 

April 15, 1914, by States 598 19 

May 15, 1914, by States 604 19 

June 15, 1914, by States 611 36 

July 15, 1914, by States 615 34 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 32 



16 



AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Cattle — Continued. Farmers' 

farm prices — continued. Bulletin No. 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 

farm value," January 1, 1914, note 575 

hides. See Hides. 

imports, by countries from which consigned, 1912-1913 575 

in certain countries in specified years 615 

increase on farms, January 1, 1915 651 

losses from disease and exposure, 1913-1914, by States 590 

losses from disease and exposure, 1913, condition, etc 590 

marketings, 1900-1914 / ^^? 

{ boi 
number- — 

and value, 1910-1914, with comparisons, by States 575 

1899-1914, by years 615 

comparison with population 575 

numbers and values on farms, January 1, 1915, by States 651 

on farms, 1840-1914, census years 575 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 584 

April 15, 1914 598 

May 15, 1914 604 

June 15, 1914 611 

July 15, 1914 615 

August 15, 1914 620 

September, 15 1914 629 

October 15, 1914 641 

November 15, 1914 645 

December 15, 1914 651 

February 15, 1915 665 

Marchl5,1915 672 

raising in Argentina, conditions and management 581 

receipts at principal markets — 

decline, statistics 615 

1900-1913, yearly 575 

1900-1914, yearly 615 

slaughter in Argentina, 1904-1912, numbers and classes 581 

slaughter Tinder Federal inspection, 1910-1913 560 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 

See also Calves: Cows. 
Caucasia- 
barley crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

corn crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

flaxseed crops, 1910-11, acreage and production 581 

oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 

Cauliflower, crop condition in California — 

March 1, 1914 584 

April 1, 1914 590 

May 1, 1914 598 

March 1, 1915 665 

April 1, 1915. 672 

Celery, crop condition in California — 

March 1 1914 584 

April 1, 1914 590 

March 1, 1915 665 

April 1^ 1915 672 

Central Asia— 

barlev op 911, acreage and production 581 

1 in_iQi 1 acreage and production 581 



M 
Page. 

28 
34 
38 
23 
23 
5-6 

27 
21 

1 
15 

7 
18 

3 

5-6, 

34-35 

21 

7-8 

17 



21 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 

22,27 
27 
27 

32-34 

21 
12 
22 
34-35 
18 
29 



20 
5 
29 
16 
25 
22 
42 

22 

10 

14 

5 

7 

22 

10 

5 

7 

21 
29 



INDEX. 17 

Farmers' 

Central Asia-Continued. Bulletin No. Page. 

oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 16 

rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 23 

Cereal crops— . rro r, on 

condition, September 1, 1913, with companaons 558 7- JO 

production, 1909-1913, and average, note 563 4 

production and value, 1913, comparisons, etc 570 15-16 

yields, areas, and prices on specific dates 560 2-6 

Cereal exports, countries prohibiting 665 8 

Cereals, stocks, March 1, 1915, by States 665 15-18 

Cheese- 
prices at New York— 

May,1914 598 20 

June, 1914 604 20 

July, 1914 611 37 

August, 1914 ■ 615 35 

September, 1914 620 33 

October, 1914 629 30 

November, 1914 641 39 

December, 1914 645 44 

January, 1915 651 28 

March, 1915 655 28 

April, 1915 672 28 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 

Chestnuts- — 

farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 37 

December 15 1914, by States 651 24 

price averages- 
October 15, 1914 641 38 

November 15, 1914 645 43 

December 15, 1914 651 27 

Chickens^ 

farm prices- — 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 

April 1, 1914, by States 590 19 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 19 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 18 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 34 

September 1, 1914 by States 620 32 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 29 

November 1, 1914, by States 641 33 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 39, 42 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 23 

Januarv 1, 1915, by States 651 21 

March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 

April 1, 1915, by States 672 23 

price averages- 
November 1, 1914 641 38 

December 1, 1914 645 43 

January 1, 1915 651 27 

Marchl,1915 665 27 

April 1,1915 672 27 

Chile- 
corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 15 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 24 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 41 

China, buffalo hides, exports, 1912 615 20 

Cholera, hog — 

effect on meat supply 560 24 

epidemics, extent and ravages, by States 590 1-3 

prevalence, losses, preventive measures, etc 558 4-6 

f 558 5—6 

preventive measures s ^qq ^_'j 

studies and work of department 558 4-5 

8214—15 3 



18 



AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers' 
Citrus fruits — Bulletin No. 

crop conditions in foreign countries, consular reports, 1914 629 

crop conditions, October 1, 1914 629 

Mediterranean region, crop conditions, 1914 629 

See also Grapeiruit; Lemons; Limes; Oranges. 
Clover — 

crop condition — 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

hay, price averages, 1914 651 

seed — 

crop condition- 
September 1, 1913, by States 558 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

farm prices — 

August 15, 1913, by States 558 

October 15, 1913, by States 563 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 

growing in Oregon, crop condition, production, etc 615 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 584 

Aprill5, 1914 598 

May 15, 1914 604 

June 15, 1914 611 

July 15, 1914 615 

August 15, 1914 620 

September 15, 1914 629 

October 15, 1914 641 

November 15, 1914 645 

December 15, 1914 651 

February 15, 1915 665 

March 15, 1915 672 

price average paid by farmers — 

February 15, 1 914 584 

March 15, 1914 590 

April 15, 1914 598 

May 15, 1914 604 

June 15, 1914 611 

July 15, 1914 615 

August 15, 1914 620 

September 15, 1914 629 

October 15, 1914 641 

November 15, 1914 645 

March 15, 1915 672 

production, percentage, 1913, by States 563 

yield and production, 1914, by States 641 

yield, production and quality, 1913, 1914, by States 615 

Coffee, imports, value 641 

Cold storage, apples, March 1, 1915 665 

Colombia, cattle, number, 1896, 1909 615 

Colorado — 

beet-sugar industry, 1912-13 570 

beet-sugar, production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 598 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Connecticut. See under name of specific product, by States. 

Cooperative marketing of cotton 641 

CoRBETT, L. C, article on condition of the potato crop, August, 1913. 558 



Page. 

12-14 

14 

12-14 



15 
32 

27 



20 
11 
27 
24 

20 
14 
31 
38-43 
26 
26 
26 
16 

21 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 

21 
20 
20 
20 
37 
35 
83 
30 
37, 38 
42,43 
27 
14 
31 
29 
22 
13-14 
21 

13 
10 
10 



14-16 
3-4 



INDEX. 



19 



Corn — Farmers' 

acreage— BuUetin No. 

1914 629 

and production, 1913 581 

and production, 1914, by States 611 

production and value, 1912-1914 645 

production and value, 1913, comparisons, leading States, etc. 570 

yield, and price, 1913 560 

yield, and production, 1913, by States 570 

yield, and production, 1914, estimates 620 

f g20 

yield, production, and price, 1914 < g29 

yield, production, and quality, 1913 ■ 563 

yield, production, and value, 1899-1914 645 

yield, production, and value, 1913 570 

yield, production, and value, 1914, by States 645 

Argentine — 

discussion, statistics, etc 581 

first cargo to Montreal in 1914, freight rates, quantity 611 

imports, quality, composition, etc 581 

weevil infestation, note 581 

consumption on farm by various animals, quantity and value . . 629 

crop — • 

condition and price — • 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

estimates and prices — 

September 1, 1913 558 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 

November 1, 1913, by States , 563 

July, 1914, by States 604 

August, 1914, by States 611 

September, 1914, bv States 615 

October. 1914, by States 620 

estimates fn.m condition — 

September, 1914 615 

November, 1914 641 

foreign countries, 1913 560 

impurtance, world acreage, home demand, etc 581 

cultivation in United States, extent, distribution, acreage, etc., 

comparison with foreign countries 581 

domestic, C' .mparison with Argentine corn 581 

exports, 1913 1 570 

exports to United Kingdom, value per bushel 581 

farm prices — 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 

November 1, 1913, by States 563 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 

April 1, 1914, by States 590 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

August 1, 1914, by States 613 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

November 1, 1914, by States 641 

December 1, 1914, by States 645 

January 1, 1915, bv States 651 

April 1, 1915, by States 672 

freight rates, ocean and rail over different routes 581 

imports, 1909-1913 581 



Page, 

2 

5 

26 

4 

6 

2 

24 

2 

2 

2-3 

2,3,4 

22 

8,18 

24 

6-9 

22 

9-12 

11 

8-9 



26 
23 
22 
19 

9,15 
9 
2,9 
21 
38 
36 
34 

23 

4 

2 

1-2 

1-2 

6-8 

19 

7 

15 

9 

9 

24 

13 

18 

18 

18 

37 

35 

33 

3 

25 
24 
27 
22 
8-9 



20 



AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers' 
Corn — Continued. Bulletin No. 

merchantable, per cent of crop, by States 584 

old, on farms, November 1, 1913 563 

pop- 
farm prices, December 15, 1914 651 

price averages, 1910-1914 651 

price avera2;es — 

September 1, 1913 558 

October 1, 1913 560 

December 1, 1913 570 

November 1, 1914 641 

December 1 , 1914 645 

December 15, 1914 651 

February 15, 1915 665 

April 1,1915 672 

prices at market centers — 

May, 1914 598 

June, 1914 604 

July, 1914 611 

Aiigiist, 19] 4 615 

September, 1914 .- 620 

October, 1914 629 

November, 1914 641 

December, 1914 645 

Jamiarv. 1915 651 

March,' 19] 5 665 

April, 1915 672 

prices of United States prodiict in British market, 1909-1913. . . 581 

prodiiction and exports, 1909-1913 581 

production in leading five States, 1014 645 

purchasing power of 1 acre, ] 899-19] 3 645 

region, weather conditions and progress ot crops, diagrams 615 

regions, weather conditions and progress of crops, 1914, by weeks. 629 
seed — 

preparation for planting 584 

selection, testing, shelling, etc 584 

shipped into cotton States, quantity and value, by States im- 
porting 645 

shipped out of county where grown, by States 584 

stocks on farms — 

March 1, 1912-1914 584 

March 1, 1915 665 

March 1, 1913, 1914, by States 584 

stocks, prices, and movement, March 1, 1915, by States 665 

value comparisons, 1914 with other years 651 

value per acre with comparisons, 1899-1914 645 

world crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 
yield — 

and production, 1914, estimates 615 

per acre, 1903-1913 558 

production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 641 

production and quality, 1914, by States 641 

Cotton: 

acreage — 

1913 563 

1914 629 

1913, by States 560 

1914, by States 611 

and yield, 1913. by States 598 

and yield, 1914, by States, with comparisons 629 

production and value, 1914 645 

yield and production, 1913, by States 570 

yield, production and value, 1913 570 

yield, production and value, 1914 645 

yield, production and value, 1914 by States 645 



13 
9 

25 

27 

9 
2 
8 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 

20 

20 

37 

35 

33 

30 

39 

44 

28 

28 

28 

7 

7 

5 

21 

39-41 

34-35 

4-5 
4-5 

13 
13 

1-2 

2 

13 

16 

8-9 
23 

5-6 

2 

7 

2 

25 



5 

2 

7 

7 

13 
10 

4 
30 

8 
22^ 
36 



INDEX. 



21 



Farmers' 

Cotton— Continued. Bulletin No. Page. 

British India, acreage, 1912-1914 •.--.-•-- 629 11 

colonial, production, efforts of European cotton associations, 

resxilta, etc 581 40-43 

consumption, United States and Canada, note 651 13 

cost of production, investigations and results, and items, by 

States. . 641 12-14 

crop condition — 

acreage, prices, and amount ginned by States, 1913 558 13 

September 25, 1913, by States 560 6-7 

May 25, 1914, by States 604 22 

June 25, 1914, by States 611 6-7 

July 25, 1914, by States 615 13 

Augi-.st, 1914 620 3-4 

September 25, 1914, by States 629 10 

September 1, 1914 620 2,3 

October 1, 1914 629 2 

domestic consumption, changes, imports, etc 641 11 

exports — 

1913 570 19 

1913,1914 611 11 

November, 1914 641 11 

1911-1914, by coTintries to which consigned 641 12 

value, eSect of Exiropean war, etc 620 8-9 

farm prices — 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 13 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 7 

November 1, 1913, by States 563 5 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 30 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 

April 1, 1914, by States 590 18 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 18 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 18 

August, 25, 1914, by States 620 4 

September, 25, 1914, by States 629 10 

November 1, 1914, by States 641 33 

December 1, 1914, by States 645 36 

January 1, 1915, by States 651 21 

March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 

April 1, 1915, by States 672 22 

foreign markets 641 12 

ginned prior to — 

November 1, 1914 641 11 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 13 

September 25, 1911-1913, by States 560 7 

November 1, 1913, by States 563 5 

grading by producer, advantages 641 15 

growers, currency for warehouse receipts, plan 620 11-14 

imports, 1881-1913 641 11 

marketing, cooperative 641 14-16 

marketing situation, conference, discussion, etc., 1914 620 8-15 

middling, decline of price, September 15, 1914 620 15 

mills, spindles, world distribution 620 8-9 

price averages — 

December 1, 1913 570 8 

November 1, 1914 641 38 

December 1, 1914 645 23,43 

January 1, 1915 651 27 

March 1,1915 665 27 

April 1,1915 672 27 

production — ■ 

1870-1913 581 43 

1914 651 12-13 

and value, 1913, comparisons, leading States, etc 570 6-7 

consumption, exports and imports, 1881-1913 641 11 

in leading five States, 1914 645 5 



22 



AGRICULTUBAL OUTLOOK. 



Cotton— <L'ontinued . 

purchasing power of 1 acre, 1899-19] 3 

region, weather conditions and progress of crops, diagrams 

regions, weather conditions and progress of crop, 1914, by weeks. 

situation, relief, plans, discussion, etc 

States — 

agricultural products shipped into 

fall seedings 

production of agricultural products, discussion 

surplus — 

movement, exports, foreign markets, etc , . . 

storage, discussion .' . . 

value, comparisons, 1914, with other years 

value per acre, witla comparisons, 1899-1914 

warehouses, need, suggestions, etc 

yield — 



Farmers' 
Bulletin No. 

r45 
615 
629 
620 



1903-1913. 
1904-1914. 



and monthly condition, 1904-1913 . 



1914, by States, estimates. 



production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 

production, etc., comparisons 

yields and prices by States, 1914 

Cotton seed — • 
farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

meal — 

price averages, December 15, 1914 

prices paid by farmers, October 15, 1914 

prices paid by farmers, November 15, 1914 

prices paid by farmers, December 15, 1914 

prices paid by farmers, February 15, 1915 

prices paid by farmers, March 15, 1915 

prices paid by producers, October 15, 1914, by States 

prices paid by producers, November, 15, 1914, by States .. 

prices paid by producers, December 15, 1914, by States. .■ 

prices paid by producers, February 15, 1915, by States. . . 

prices paid by producers, March 15, 1915, by States 

oil, exports, 1913 

price averages— 

Februarv 15, 1914 

March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1 914 

Mav 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

Julv 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

Februarv 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

prices, 1913, 1914, note 

trade, situation, note 



645 
651 
645 

641 
620 
651 
645 
620 

558 
570 
615 
620 
604 
598 
604 
611 
615 
620 
641 
629 
651 



641 
645 
651 
665 

651 
641 
645 
651 
665 
672 
641 
645 
651 
665 
672 
570 

584 
590 
598 
604 
611 
615 
620 
629 
641 
645 
65] 
665 
672 
620 
620 



Page- 

21 

37-38 

32-33 

8-15 

12-13 

7-8 

12-13 

9-12 

8-9 

8-9 

23 

9-10 

7 
18 
13 

4 
22 
21 
21 
38 
36 
30 

2 

9-11 

12-13 



36 
41 
23 
24 

27 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 
37 
42 
26 
26 
26 
19 

21 
20 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 
10 
10 



INDEX. 



23 



Cowpeas- ^^XTirNo, 

crop condition — 

in Florida, May 1, 1914 

in Florida, Juiie 1, 1914 

Jul V 1, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

production — 

of forage, 1913, 1914, percentage, by States 

percentage, .1913, by States | 

Cows — 

dairy — . , 

"number aud value, 1910-1914, with comparisons, by States, 
number on farms, value, geographic distribution, etc., Jan- 
uary 1, 1914, statistics and discussion 

See also ('ows, milch. 

dual-purpose, value in maintenance of meat supply 

milch — • 

consumption of feed crops, quantity and value of various 

. crops 

distribution by geographic divisions, percentages 

farm prices — ■ 

average and increase 

May 15, 1914, bv States 

June 15, 1914, by States 

July 15, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

Februarv 15, 1915, bv States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

increase on farms 

number and value, January 1, 1914, comparisons, etc 

numbers and values on farms, January 1, 1915, by States. . 
price averages — 

Februarv 15, 1914 

March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

Julv 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 -. 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1914, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

Cranberries- 
crop condition — ■ 

September 1, 1914 

September 1, 1913, by States 

October 1, 1913, by States 

September 1, 1914, bv States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

production and quality, 1914, by States 

production, 1913, percentage by States 

Cream, tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 

Croatia-Slavonia— 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

com crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 



598 


14 


604 


8 


611 


32 


615 


30 


620 


28 


629 


24 


641 


32 


560 


15 


563 


14 


575 


35 


575 


12-15 


560 


28 


629 


8-9 


575 


10 


575 


2 


604 


19 


611 


36 


615 


34 


620 


32 


629 


28 


641 


34 


645 


38 


651 


22 


665 


23 


672 


24 


651 


1 


575 


2 


651 


16 


584 


21 


590 


20 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


620 


3 


558 


18 


560 


12 


620 


30 


629 


27 


641 


31 


563 


13 


575 


29 


581 


20 


581 


5 


581 


28 



24 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers' 
Croatia- Slavonia — Continued. Bulletin No. 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 

Crop data- 
August, 19l3 558 

September, 1913 560 

October, 1913 563 

November, 1913 570 

January, 1914 -. . . 575 

February, 1914 { ^ 

March, 1914 590 

April, 1914 598 

May, 1914 604 

June, 1914 611 

July, 1914. '. 615 

August, 1914 620 

September, 1914 629 

October, 1914 641 

November, 1914 645 

January, 1915 651 

February, 1915 665 

March, 1915 672 

Crop estimates, basis, sources of information, etc 570 

Crop estimation, science, origin 581 

Crop production — 

in United States 563 

value per acre, 1866-1913 584 

value per acre 1909-1913, by States 584 

Crop report — 

April, 1914, date of issue and scope 584 

May, 1914, date of issue and scope 590 

June, 1914, date of issue and scope 598 

July, 1914, date of issue and scope 604 

August, 1914, date of issue and scope 611 

September, 1914, date of issue and scope 615 

October, 1914, date of issue and scope 620 

November, 1914, date of issue and scope 629 

December, 1914, date of issue and scope 641 

January, 1915, date of issue and scope 645 

March, 1915, date of issue and scope 651 

April, 1915, date of issue and scope 665 

May, 1915, date of issue and scope 672 

Crop reporting systems and sources of crop information in foreign 

countries 581 

Crops — 

acreage — 

production, yield, value, and price, 1913, table 570 

yield, value, etc., yearly summary, 1914 645 

all — 

average condition, September, 1914, and changes duringi ggo 

preceding month, by States ] gng 

condition, September, 1, 1913, by States 558 

condition, October 1, 1913, by States 560 

condition, August 1, 1914, by States 615 

condition, September 1, 1914, diagram 620 

condition October, 1, 1914, diagram 629 

value, 1913 570 

value, 1879-1914, by years 645 

value per acre, 1909-1914, by States 665 

value per acre, statistics and comparisons 645 



Page. 
15 
24 
22 
41 

1-20 
1-29 
1-14 
1-35 
1-43 
1-50 
1-22 
1-20 
1-21 
1-24 
1-39 
1^1 
1-39 
1-35 
1-40 
1-45 
1-29 
1-28 
1-28 
1-2 
44 

1-14 

11 

21-22 



43-50 



8 

1-7 

3 

3 

4 

6-7 

2 

3 

35 

31 

6 

7 

19 
2-3 



INDEX. 



25 



Crops — Continued . 
all — continued. 

value, 1911-'1913, yearly, by States, comparisons 

yearly summary, 1914 

yield, 1914, and comparisons, by States 

yield, averages, 1913, by States 

cereal, aggregate value per acre, 1909-1914, by States 

conditions — 

changes, August, 1914 

changes during certain periods, comments, etc., by sections 
and States 

June 1, 1914, by geographic divisions, review 

July 1, 1914, by geographic divisions, review 

July 1, 1914, map 

June 1, 1914, percentage of 10-year averages 

relation of weather conditions, discussion 

reports, basis for interpretation 

September 1, 1914, review 

October 1, 1914, review 

August 1, 1914, review, by States 

foreign, sources of information 

hauling from farm, distance, time, and size of load, by States, 

table 

important, production of each in leading five States, 1914, map. 

index figures of yields by States, diagram. . ._ 

prices and total value, statistics and comparisons 

production, 1914, estimates and comparisons 

production, prices, etc., 1913 

staple, price tendencies 

value comparisons, 1914, with other years 

value per acre of 10 crops combined, 1866-1914 

yield- — 

average for 10 years, 1903-1913 

1914, by States, estimates 

per acre of 10 important products, 1903-1913 

per acre, statistics and comparisons 

tendencies 

Cuba- 
cattle hides, exports, 1912 , 

cattle, number, 1891-1912, by years 

Cyprus- 
barley crops, 1911-1913 

oat crops, 1911-1913 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 

Dairy cows- 
prices, increase, causes, etc 

See also Cows, dairy; Cows, milch. 
Dairy products — 

farm receipts from, total and average per farm, 1910 

production, imports and exports, value by countries 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 

1913, value 

See also Butter; Cheese; Cream; Milk. 
Daugherty, Charles M., article on — 

"Average sowings per acre in Europe and America " 

"Crop reporting systems and sources of crop information in 
foreign countries " 

"Other world crops " 

"Outlook for the 1914 foreign wheat crop " 

"The wheat crop of the Southern Hemisphere " 

"The world corn crop " 

"The world oats crop " 

"The world wheat acreage in 1915 " 

"The world wheat crop in 1914" 

"The world's wheat " 

8214—15 4 



Farmers' 




lulletin No. 


Page. 


575 


32-33 


645 


1-7 


641 


3 


563 


2 


665 


19-21 


620 


3 


615 


2-11 


604 


1-8 


611 


2-3 


611 


39 


604 


8 


560 


16-17 


598 


13-14 


620 


1-3 


629 


1^ 


615 


1-11 


581 


43-50 


672 


14 


645 


45 


641 


40 


645 


3 


641 


1-4 


560 


1-15 


570 


17 


651 


8-9 


645 


23 


570 


18 


604 


21 


558 


7 


645 


2 


570 


18 


615 


20 


615 


21 


581 


20 


581 


16 


575 


42 



575 



672 



12 



570 3 

641 22 

575 29 

570 16 



9-11 



581 


43-50 


581 


18-21 


615 


11-13 


645 


15-17 


581 


1-6 


581 


12-16 


672 


7-9 


629 


6-7 


641 


7-9 



26 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Day's work, hours required at different seasons, by States 

Delaware — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

See also under name of specific -product, by States. 
Denmark- 
barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production •. 

wheat crops, 1912-1914 

DoRSETT, Marion, article on "Hog cholera" 

Durum wheat. See Wheat, durum. 

DuvEL, W. J. T., article on "Argentine corn " 

Egg crop, waste on farm, causes 

Eggs- 
farm prices — 

March 1, 1914, by States 

April 1, 1914, by States 

May 1, 1914, by States 

June 1, 1914, by States 

June 15, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

November 1, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

January 1, 1915, by States 

March 1, 1915, by States 

April 1, 1915, by States 

marketing by parcel post, tests 

price averages — 

November 1, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 1, 1914 

January 1, 1915 

March 1, 1915 

prices at market centers — 

May, 1914 

June, 1914 

July, 1914 

August, 1914 

September, 1914 

October, 1914 

November, 1914 

December, 1914 

January, 1915 

March, 1915 

April, 1915 

production — 

imports and exports (with poultry), value by countries. . . . 

value and averages, per farm, 1910 . , 

receipts at principal markets — 

June, 1914, with comparisons 

August 1, 1914, with comparisons 

waste on farm, causes 

Egypt- 
corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

cotton production, 1870-1913 

hides, cattle and camel, exports, 1911 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 



Farmers' 




Bulletin No. 


Page. 


584 


19 


615 


4 


581 


20 


581 


15 


581^ 


24 


581 


22 


575 


42 


641 


9 


558 


4-6 



581 



560 



9-12 



27 



584 


20 


590 


19 


598 


19 


604 


18 


611 


36 


615 


34 


620 


32 


629 


29 


641 


33 


645 


42 


651 


23 


651 


21 


665 


22 


672 


23 


611 


18 


641 


38 


645 


43 


645 


43 


651 


27 


672 


27 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


39 


645 


44 


651 


28 


665 


28 


672 


28 


641 


22 


570 


3 


611 


10 


620 


7 


560 


27 


581 


5 


581 


43 


615 


20 


575 


43 



iin>EX. 27 



Employment — 

application blanks for Labor Department, 1915 

offices, Labor Department branches, 1915 

service. Labor Department, aid for farm 

England — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

crops, 1913, 1914 (with Wales), acreage and production 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

live stock (with Wales), 1911-1914 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production ._ 

shipments from Pacific coast by Panama Canal, time of passage . 

wheat crops, 1913, acreage and production 

EsTABROOK, Leon M., article on — 

farm expenses, receipts, etc., 1913 

"Live Stock in the United States" 

crop yields, prices, etc>, review, 1913 

Europe — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production by countries. . . 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 

corn cultivation, extent, distribution, acreage, etc 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by 
countries 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 

wheat crop, 1914, condition, etc 

wheat crop, 1914, shortage 

wheat crops, 1911^1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 

wheat crops, 1912-1914, by countries 

Exports — 

agricultural products, 1913, value 

dm-um wheat, 1910-1914 

horses, effect of European war 

oats, 1906-1913 

wheat, by decades 

Factories, cane-sugar, in — 

Hawaii, number, output, etc., 1911-1913, by divisions 

Louisiana, number and output, 1911-1913, by parishes 

Farm animals — 

estimates, articles 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 

See also Live Stock. 
Farm- 
buildings, investments, total and average per farm, 1910 570 

expenses — 

1913 

itemized, total and average per farm, 1910 

help, application for, blank 

implements, investment, total and average per farm, 1910. . 

investment, total and average per farm 

labor — 

employment service, establishment in 1915 

hours, requirements in different States 

wages — 

1915, by States 

with and without board, 1893-1913, by States 

products — 

cash sales for 1913 

condition at harvest 

consumption on farms, percentage 

crop condition and prices, by States 



Farmers' 




Bulletin No. 


Page. 


665 


10-13 


665 


13 


665 


9-13 


581 


20 


620 


16 


581 


16 


620 


16 


581 


25 


665 


7 


575 


42 


570 


1-5 


575 


1-5 


560 


1-15 


581 


20 


581 


5 


581 


2-3 


581 


28-29 


581 


15-16 


581 


24-25 


581 


22 


598 


.5-6 


641 


9 


575 


41 


629 


7 


570 


19 


615 


15 


651 


3-4 


581 


18 


611 


4 


598 


12 


590 


11-12 


575 


5-23 


575 


29 



570 


21 


570 


3-4 


665 


10 


570 


2 


570 


2 


665 


9-13 


584 


9-10 


665 


8, 20-21 


584 


16-17 


570 


2 


629 


3 


570 


2 


620 


1-3, 




22-29 



28 



AGEICULTURA.L OUTLOOK. 



Farm — Continued . 

products — continued. Farmers' 

farm prices— Bulletin No. 

October 1, 1914 

March 1, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, bv States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

November 1, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

January 1, 1915, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

March 1, 1915, by States 

April 1, 1915, by States 

hauling, average distance and trips per day 

1913, monetary value and production 

national surplus, discussion 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 

March 15, 1914 

April 1, 1914 

May 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

July 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

price range at market centers — 

1914 

1915 { 

prices — 

tendencies, discussion 

trend — 



1914. 



1915 { 

purchasing power of 1 acre, 1899-1913, table, compari- 
sons, etc 

sales, total, per farm, and per capita of rural population, 1913 
transportation, concentrating and storage-in-transit arrange- 
ments 

value^ — 

1913...^ 

1914 ^ 

wagon hauls, comparisons, size and value, time, cost and 

distance 

yield and production, 1914, estimates 

Farmer, need of local market for Live stock 



629 


3 


584 


20 


615 


34 


620 


32 


629 


28-29 


641 


33-38 


645 


38^2 


651 


20-21 


665 


23-26 


665 


22-26 


672 


22-26 


672 


11 


570 


5-17 


570 


18-19 


58 i 


21 


590 


20 


590 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


665 


27 


672 


27 


620 


33 


629 


30 


645 


44 


665 


28 


672 


28 


570 


17-18 


584 


10-11 


590 


12-13 


598 


7-8 


604 


10-11 


611 


12 


615 


16-17 


620 


4-5 


629 


14 


641 


7 


645 


12 


651 


10 


665 


6-7 


672 


7 


645 


19-22 


645 


6 


672 


15-16 


570 


2 


645 


6,7 


672 


12-13 


629 


3 


560 


20-21 



INDEX. 



29 



Farmers' 
Farmers— BuUetin No. 

cooperation in marketing live stock, suggestions 560 

labor income, receipts and expenses 570 

purchasing power 645 

supplies, quantity purchasable ■with products from 1 acre, 1899- 

1913, table, comparisons, etc 645 

Farms, number and — 

average acrr age, 1910 570 

income, 1913 570 

Feed crops- 
consumption on farms, quantity and value 629 

disposition 629 

distribution by value on farm 629 

prodiiction, averages for five years 629 

use on farms, value and average per farm, 1910 570 

Fertilizers, cost, total and average per farm, 1910 570 

Finland- 
barley crops, 1911-1913 581 

cattle hides, imports, 1911 615 

oat crops, 1911-1913, production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912 ...../. 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, production 581 

wheat crops, 1911-1913 production 575 

Fish, production, imports and exports, value 641 

Flax, acreage — 

1914 629 

yield and production, 1914, estimates 620 

Flax crop- — 

condition— 

S pteraber 1, 1914 620 

Spt^mber 1, 1913, by States 558 

Octobfr 1, 1914 629 

c\iltural ra'^thods 581 

straw, utilization 581 

world — 

acr ag" and production of seed and fiber, by countries, 1912. 581 

importance, distribution, caltoral methods, etc 581 

yield — 

1913 { '^l 

[ 604 

by States, 1914 \ 611 

I 615 
Flaxseed — 

acreag'^ and— 

pric^s, 1913 558 

production 581 

production, 1914, estimates 611 

acreage, yield — 

and production, 1913 560 

production and value, 1914 645 4 

production, value, and price, 1913 570 

crop condition — 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 

S^pt'-mber 1, 1914, bv States 620 

Octobor 1, 1914, bv States 629 

crop condition and price — 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 



Page. 

21 

2-A 

18-23 

19-20, 
21 

2 
2 

8-9 
8-9 
9 
5 
3 
3 

20 
20 
15 
24 
22 
42 
22 

2 
2 



2 

16 

2 

26 

26-27 

28-30 
26-30 

7 

18 
21 
38 
36 



12 

27,28 
29 

6 

, 22, 35 
8,33 

11 

23 
20 

29 
28 



30 



AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



Flaxseed crops- — Farmers' 

farm prices— BuUetin No. 

November 1, 1913, by States 

March 1, 1914, by States 

December 1, 1913, by States 

April 1, 1914, by States 

May 1, 1914, by States 

June 1, 1914, by States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

November 1, 1914, by States 

December 1, 1914, by States 

January 1, 1915, by States 

March 1, 1915, by States 

April 1, 1915, by States 

forecasts from condition in specific months 

price averages — 

September 1, 1913 

October 1, 1913 

December 1, 1913 

August 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914 

December 1, 1914 

January 1, 1915 

March 1, 1915 

April 1, 1915 

production in — 

foreign countries, 1913 

leading five States, 1914 

value — 

comparisons, leading States, etc., 1913 

comparisons, 1914, with other years 

per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 

world crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by coim tries... 
yield — 

by States, 1914 

production and quality — 

averages, 1914 

1913, by States 

1914, by States • 

yield and production — 

1913 

1914 1 

Fleeces, weight, 1914, by States 

Florida — 

crop report, 1915, with comparisons 

crops, production, 1913, percentages 

crops, production, 1914, percentages 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Flour, Argentina, exports from, 1912-1914 

Fly, Hessian. See Hessian fly. 
Food- 
perishable, shipping by parcel post, management 

production and requirements — 

of various countries 

percentages 

Foodstuffs — 

foreign countries, production, exports and imports, value 

production, imports and exports, value 

Foot-and-mouth disease, relation to number of live stock 

Forage — 

crop estimate and prices, 1913 

crops. See Alfalfa; Clover; Kafir corn; Millet; Timothy. 
Foreign countries — 

barley — 

crop, 1913 

production, 1913 



563 


2, 4, 11 


584 


20 


570 


33 


590 


18 


598 


18 


604 


18 


629 


3,20 


641 


28 


645 


35 


651 


21 


665 


22 


672 


22 


641 


4 


558 


12 


560 


6 


570 


8 


615 


2 


641 


38 


645 


23,43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


581 


27 


645 


5 


570 


15 


651 


8-9 


645 


23 


581 


28-30 


620 


33 


641 


2 


563 


11 


641 


28 


563 


2,4 


615 


2 


629 


3 


611 


35 


665 


5 


563 


7 


645 


10 


590 


2 



645 



641 
641 

641 
641 
651 

558 



558 
560 



17 



611 19-20 



20-22 
21 

22 

22 
4-5 

12 



10-11 
4-5 



INDEX. 



31 



Farmers' 
Foreign countries — Continued. Bulletin No. 

corn crops, production, 1913, comparisons, etc 560 

crops, sources of information 581 

oats, production, 1913 i cgQ 

rye crop, 1913 | gg^ 

wheat crop — 

1913 558 

( fii 1 

1914, outlook, discussion < „, ^ 

wheat production, 1913 560 

See also under name of specific crop, by countries. 
Formosa — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 575 

France — 

barley crops, 1911-1913. acreage and production 581 

cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 615 

com crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

cotton imports from United States, 1911-1914 641 

crop reporting system 581 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

food production and requirements, percentages 641 

foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat — • 

acreage, 1914 604 

crops — 

1912-1914 641 

1911-1913, acreage and production 575 

Freight rates — 
corn — 

Argentina to — 

Chicago 604 

Montreal 611 

ocean and rail, over different routes 581 

ocean, wheat from New York to Liverpool, variations 645 

Fruit crops^- 

conditions in California and Florida — 

September 1, 1913 558 

October 1, 1913 560 

November 1, 1913 563 

December 1, 1913 570 

production — 

1913, percentages by States 560 

1911-1913, yearly percentages 563 

1912-1914, yearly percentages 641 

See also Apples; Blackberries; Cranberries; Grapes; Peaches; 
Pears; Prunes; Raspberries; Strawberries. 
Fruits — 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

production, imports and exports (with nuts), value by countries. 641 
subtropical. See Apricots; Grapefruit; Lemons; Limes; Olives; 
Oranges; Pineapples. 

Georgia — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 



2 

43-50 

10 

4 
11 

5 

8-9 

5-6 

11-13 

3 



20 
42 

20 
20 
5 
12 
45-47 
28 
21 
22 
15 
25 
22 f 



9 
42 



11 

22 
8-9 

7 



14 

8 

7 

21-22 

12 
3 
3 



18 
33 
31 
30 
25 
22 



32 



AGRICULTTJKAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers 
Germany — ^ 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 

cotton imports from United States, 1911-1914 

food production and requirements, percentages 

foodstuffs production, imports and exports, value 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

potato — 

crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

production, discussion 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

Goat meat — 

consumption, 1909 

consumption per capita, 1909 

Goats — 

slaughter under Federal inspection, 191 0-1913 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 

Grain — 

crop conditions — 

and prices, September 1, 1913, by States 

December 1, 1913 

crops of the Northern Hemisphere, yield per acre, 1914, averages, 
edible, production, imports and exports, value by countries. . . 

seed, preparation for sjiring planting 

shi] ment from county where grown, increase, tendency, etc 

stocks on farms — 

March 1, 1914 

March 1, 1915 

weight per bushel, by States < 

See also Barley; Corn; Oats; Wheat; Etc. 
Grapefruit — 

crop condition in Florida — 

September 1, 1913 

October 1, 1913 

November 1, 1913 

December 1, 1913 

March 1, 1914 •. 

April 1, 1914 

May 1 , 1914 

June 1, 1914 

July 1, 1914 

Sej^tember 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914 

March 1, 1915 

April 1, 1915 

production and quality, 1912-1914, in Florida, percentages. . . . 
Grapes — 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1914 

September 1, 1913, by States 

October ], 1913, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, bv States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

in California — 

September 1, 1913 

October 1, 1913 

November 1, 1913 

December 1, 1913 

June 1 , ] 914 

September 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

November 1 , 1914 



tin No. 


Page. 


581 


20 


615 


20 


641 


12 


641 


20-21 


641 


22 


581 


15 


581 


25 


581 


23-24 


581 


22 


575 


42 


575 


24 


575 


25 


560 


18 


575 


29 


558 


15-16 


570 


19-20 


645 


8 


641 


22 


584 


6-7 


584 


3^ 


584 


1-2 


665 


1-2 


5G3 


12 


641 


29 


558 


14 


560 


8 


563 


7 


570 


22 


584 


22 


590 


10 


598 


14 


604 


8 


611 


11 


620 


5 


629 


12 


641 


6 


665 


5 


672 


7 


645 


10 


620 


3 


558 


18 


560 


12 


611 


33 


615 


31 


620 


30 


629 


25 


558 


14 


560 


8 


563 


7 


570 


22 


611 


11 


620 


5 


629 


12 


641 


6 



INDEX. 33 



Grapes — Continued . Farmers' 

farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

production — 

1913, percentage, by States *- 

1914, 1 ercentagGS, by States 

Grafis croys, condition, Sei tember 1, 1914, by States 

Great llritaln — 

crop re; orting system 

wheat cro} s, 1 914 | 

Greece — 

citrus fruit, crop conditions, 1914, consular report 

hides, im;[ orta into, 1912 

potato crop, ] 912 

wheat crop, 1913, production 

Harding, W. G. P., ] Ian for issuance of notes by warehousing firms. 

Hartley, C. P., article on "Irei aring seed corn for i lanting"' 

Harvest — 

labor, wages, with and without board, 1913, by States 

wages, tendency 

wheat — 

duration in Northern and Southern Hemispheres, move- 
ment, etc 

world's ] rogrcos 

Hauling, farm products 

Hawaii — 

cane-sugar } reduction, com| arisons, etc 

sugar cro;', i9i4 

sugar I reduction, factories, yield of cane, etc., 1913, by divisiona. 
Hay — 

acreage, 1914 

acreage, yield and \ reduction — 

1913, by States 

19-4, estimates 

acreage, yield, i reduction, and value — 

1913 

1914 

19:4, by States. 

alfalfa, ] rice averages, 1914 

clover, 1 rice averages, 1914 

condition and } rice, June 1, 1914, by States 

condition, Se; tember 1, I9M 

consum; tion on farm by various animals, quantity and value. . 
crop condition and i rices — 

Julv 1, 1914, by States 

August ] , 1914, by States 

crop, condition, comparison, etc., 1914 

crop estimate and prices, ] 913 

crop, forecasts from condition, August-September, 1914 

crop, 1 roduction and value, comparisons, leading States, 1913.. 
farm | rices — 

December 1, 1 913, by States 

March 1, ] 914, by States 

Airil 1, 19:4, by States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

November 1, 1914, by States 

December 1, ] 914, by States 

January J , ] 915, by States 

March 1, 1 915, by States 

April 1, 1915, by States 

8214—15 5 



in No. 


Page.- 


641 


35 


645 


39 


651 


24 


563 


13 


641 


30 


620 


28 


58] 


47 


629 


7 


641 


9 


629 


13 


615 


20 


581 


25 


575 


42 


620 


13-14 


584 


4-5 


584 


17 


584 


8 


645 


15-16 


604 


10 


672 


11-14 


570 


14 


665 


5-S 


598 


12 


615 


2d 


570 


25 


620 


2 


570 


8 


645 


22 


645 


4,34 


651 


27 


651 


27 


601 


15 


620 


3 


629 


8-9 


611. 


32 


615 


29,30 


598 


6 


558 


12 


641 


4 


570 


7 


570 


25 


584 


20 


590 


18 


629 


3 29 


641 


33,36 


645 


34,41 


651 


21,23 


665 


22.24 


672 


22, 24 



34 



AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



Hay — Continued. Farmers' 

prairie— Bulletin No. Page. 

farm prices, February 15, 1915, by States 665 24 

price averages, December 15, 1914 651 27 

price averages — 

September 1, 1913 558 12 

December 1, 1913.... 570 8 

January 15, 1914 651 27 

November 1, 1914 641 38 

December 1, 1914 645 23,43 

Januarv 15, 1915 651 27 

February 15, 1915 665 27 

March 15, 1915 672 27 

prices — 

Sej)tember 1, 1913 558 17 

November ], 1913 563 2 

August 1,1914 615 2 

September 1, 1914 620 27 

prices at Chicago — 

May 15, 1914 598 20 

June 1,1914 604 20 

July 1,1914 611 37 

August 1,1914 615 35 

September 1, 1914 620 33 

October 1, 1914 629 30 

November i, 1914 641 39 

December 1, 1914 645 44 

Januarv 2, 1915 651 28 

February 1, 1915 665 28 

April 1,1915 672 28 

production in leading five States, 1914 645 5 

shipment into cotton States, quantity and value, by States im- 
porting 645 13 

stocks on farms, and prices. May 1, 1914, by States 598 6, 16 

value comparisons, 1 914 , with other years 651 8-9 

value per acre, with comparisons, 1914 645 23 

various kinds, farm prices, November 15, 1914, by States 645 41 

yield — 

1903-1913 { If, ''II 

and production, October, 1 913 563 2 

and 1 reduction, August 1, 1914 615 2 

and iroduclion, October 1, 1914 629 3 

June, 1914, bv States, estimates 598 16, 21 

July 1, 1914, by States, estimates 604 21 

August ], 1914,' by States, estimates 611 38 

production and quality, averages, 1914 641 2 

production and quality, September ], 1914, by States 620 27 

Hemp — 

crop condition, 1913 558 14 

yield, 1913 560 8 

yield and production, averages, 1914 , 641 2 

Hessian fly- 
description, habits, occurrence, etc 611 12-14 

'' flaxseed ' ' stage, appearance, period, etc 611 13-14 

life history, distribution, effect on wheat, and preventive meas-. 

ures 611 12-16 

Hickory nuts — 
farm prices- 
October 15, 1914, by States 641 37 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 39 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 24 

February 15, 1915, by States 685 24 

price averages — 

October 15, 1914 641 38 

November 15, 1914 645 43 

December 15, 1914 651 27 

February 15, 1915 665 27 



INDEX. 



35 



Farmers' 

2i(Jes Bulletin No. 

cattle, imports, 1914, by countries from which consigned 615 

cattle, supi ly, discussion, statistics, etc 61 5 

exports and imports, 1912. 61 -5 

imports, discussion and statistics 615 

Hog cholera — 

ef idemics, extent and ravages, by States 590 

See also Cholera, hog. 

Hog lots, sanitation, relation to hog cholera 590 

Hogs — 

condition — 

April 1, 1914, by States 590 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

April 1,1915 672 

April 1 , ] 91 5, 10-year average, by States 672 

England and Wales, 1914 620 

farm i rices — 

March 15, 1914, by States 590 

A] ril 15, 1914, by States 598 

May 15, 1914, bv States 604 

June 15, 1914, by States 611 

July 15, 1914, by States 615 

September 1, 1914. bv States 620 

October 1, 1914, bv S'tatea 629 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 

November 1 5, 1914, by States 645 

Decemoer 15, 1914, by States 651 

February 15, 1915, bv States 665 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 

increase on farms, January 1 , 1915 • 651 

losses from disease and exposure 672 

losses? from disease, 1913, by States 590 

marketing, 1 900-1914 651 

numbers and values on farms, January 1, 1915, by States 651 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 584 

April 15, 1914 598 

May 15, 1914 604 

June 1 5, 1914 611 

.July 15, 1914 615 

August 15, 1914 620 

Se] tember 15, 1914 629 

October 15, 1914 641 

December 15, 1914 651 

February 15, 1915 665 

Marchl5,1915 672 

prices at Chicago — 

March 15, 1 914 598 

June 1, 1914 604 

July 1 , ] 914 611 

August 1 , 1914 615 

August 15,1914 • 620 

Sei;tember 15, 1914 629 

November 1 , 1914 641 

December 1, 1914 645 

Januarv 2, 1915 651 

February 1, 1915 665 

April 1, ] 915 672 

receipts at principal markets, 1913 575 

slaughter under Ferleral inspection, 1913 560 

stock, supply, condition, etc 558 

supply, situation, September 1, 1915 620 

See also Pigs; Swine. 



Pag*. 

18-19 

17-22 

20 

17-20 

1-3 

5-6 



17 
28 
19 
17 
16 

19 
19 
18 
36 
34 
32 
28 
34 
38 
22 
23 
23 

1 

18 

1-3, 17 

3 
19 

21 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
27 
27 
27 

20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
39 
44 
28 
28 
28 
12 
18 
13 
15 



36 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Holmes, George K. — 

artide on "Argentine l:eef" 

article on "Colonial cotton" 

article on "Supply of cattle hides " 

Honey — 

comb and "chunk," decrease of supi^ly, 1914, note 

crop, per cent in comb, extract, and chunk, by States, 1914. 
farm prices — 

OctolerlS, 1914, by States 

Noveml er 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

■ '. lebruary 15, 1915. by States 

March 15, 1915, V y States 

farm receipts from (with wax), total, and average per farm. . 
price averages— 
< f ebruary 15, 1914 

March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

July 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

Septeml er 15, 1914 

Octol er 15, 1914 

Noveml er 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

production, outlook — 

condition of nectar-bearirfg plants, etc 

discussion, 1914 

yield per colony, 1914, by States 

Hop crop, production, value, leading States, 1913 

Hops — 

consumption and movement — 

1913, yearly 

\ 1914. ......'. 

' crop condition — 

July 1, 1914, liy States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

■ exports — 

[ 1913. 

• and imports, 1914 

farm prices — 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

price a^ erc'ges — 

iune 15, 1913 

October 15, 1913 

r March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15, 1914 

July 15, 1914 : 

■ . August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

• October 15, 1914 

'■ ■ November '5, 1914 

December 15, 1914. .- 

' ' February 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 



Farmers' 
Bulletin No. 

581 
581 
615 



620 
620 

641 
645 
651 
665 
672 
570 

584 
590 
598 
604 
611 
615 
620 
629 
641 
645 
651 
665 
672 

598 
620 
620 
570 



563 
641 

611 
615 
620 

570 
641 

645 
651 

665 
672 

611 
563 
590 
598 
604 
614 
620 
629 
641 
645 
651 
665 
672 



Page. 
30-40 
40-43 
17-22 

6 

7 

35, 38 

40.43 

25,27 

24 

25 

3 

21 
20 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 

8-9 

6-7 

7 

15 



34 
33 
31 

19 
6 

39 
24 
25 
25 

37 
6 
20 
20 
20 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 



-1 



INDEX. 37 



Hops — Continued. Farmers' 

prices at New York— Bulletin No 

April, 1914 ^ 

May, 1914 '.'.... 

June, 1914 

August, 1914 1 

September, 1914 

November, 1914 

December, 1914 

January, 1915 

April, 1915 

yield and quality — 

1913, by States 

1914, by States 

Horses — 

condition — 

April, 1914, by States 

March, 1915 

April, 1915 ,. 

consumption of feed crops (with mules), quantity and value of 

various crops 

exports, effect of war 

farm prices — 

January, ] 914, average and increase 

May 15, 1914, by States 

June 15, 1914, by States 

July 15, 1914, by States 

Sei>teml er 1, 1914, by States 

Qgtober 1, 1914, bv States 

•October 15, 1914, by States 

Novem) er 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

Fel;ruary 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

increase on farms, January 1, 1915 

losses — 

1913, condition, etc •. 

from disease, 1913 

from disease, 1914 (with mules), by States 

number, January 1, 1915 

number and value, 1914, comparisons, etc 

number per capita 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 

March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15. 1914 

June 15, 1914 

July 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 .' 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

> o ember 15, 1914 

Decem^-er 15, 1914 

Fe' ruary 15, 1915 

March 15. 1915 

production and breeds, effect of automobile industry 

tariff rates before and after Octoler 4, 1913 

value on farms, January 1, 1914 

•Hungary — ' " 

l:arley crop, 1013, acreage and production 

corn crop, 191T, acreage and production 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1912, acrea'^e and production 

oat crop, 1913, acreage and production 

potato crops, '1910-1 912, acreage and production 

rye crop, 1913, acreage and production 



598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


80 


641 


39 


645 


44 


651 


28 


672 


28 


560 


15 


629 


27 


590 


15 


672 


19 


B72 


17 


629 


8-9 


651 


3-4 


575 


2 


604 


19 


611 


36 


615 


34 


620 


32 


629 


28 


641 


34 


645 


38 


651 


22 


665 


23 


672 


24 


651 


1 


590 


8 


672 


18 


590 


15 


651 


3,14 


575 


2,8, 




21,38 


575 


22 


584 


21 


590 


20 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


575 


21 


575 


29 


575 


21 


581 


20 


581 


5 


581 


28 


581 


15 


581 


24 


581 


22 



38 



AGRICULTXJEAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers' 
Hungary — Continued , Bulletin No. 

wheat acreage and production, 1913 575 

wheat, aerea'^e and production, 1914, forecast 611 

wheat crops, 1914 629 

641 
Idaho — 

beet sugar, production, factories, etc., 1913 598 

beet-sugar industry, 1913 570 

crop conditions, changes, etc. . July, 1914 615 

See also under name ofspccijic product, by States. 
Illinois^ 

crop conditions, changes, etc.. July, 1914 615 

See al-o under name of specific product, by States. 

Immiaration Bureau, share in farm labor employment ser\ ice 665 

Implements, farm investments, total and a , erage per farm, 1910 570 

Imports — • 

hides, discussion and statistics 615 

meat and meat animals, 1912, 1913, by countries from which con- 
signed 575 

meat and meat products. October to January, 1914 581 

meats and meat products under Federal inspection, October- 
December, 1913, by countries from which consigned 575 

oats from Canada and other countries. 1906-1913 581 

potatoes. 1909-1913 '. 575 

India, British — 

barley crop, 1911, acreage 581 

cattle liides, exports and imports, 1912 615 

corn crop, 1911, acreage 581 

cotton acreage, 1912-1915 629 

cotton production, 1890-191 3 581 

flaxseed crops, acreage and production, 1910-1912. 1913 581 

f 598 

wheat crops, 1912-1914 J ggg 

i 641 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 

Indiana — 

crop conditions, changes, etc.. July, 1914 615 

See aho under name of specific product, by States. 

Inspection, meat imports, note 575 

International Institute of Agriculture — 

r 641 

crop report, 1914 < 651 

I 665 
report on — 

barley production, 1913 560 

corn production, 1913 560 

flaxseed production. 1913 558 

oats production, 1913 560 

rye production. 1913 560 

wheat crops of foreign countries, 1913 558 

wheat production, 1913 560 

■\ alue in crop reporting ser , ice 581 

Iowa — 

crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 

hog cholera epidemic, losses in 1913 590 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Ireland- 
barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

flax crops. 1910-1912, acreage and pioduction 581 

oat crops. 1911-1913. acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 

Italy — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreacre and production 581 

cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 615 



Pag«. 

41 

6 

7 

9 

10 

13 

10-11 



5-6 

9-13 
2 

17-20 

20-27 
38-39 

28 
18 
31 

20 

20 

5 

11 

43 

27,29 

5 

8 

6 

9 

42 

5 

27 

23 
29 



4 
2 

12 

4 

5 

8-9 

3 

50 

6 
2 



20 
29 
16 
25 
42 

20 
20 



INDEX, 



39 



Farmers' 

Italy— Continued. Bulletin No. Page. 

corn crops. 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 

flax and flaxseed crops. 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 

oat crops, 1911-1913. acreaQ;e and production 581 15 

potato crops. 1910-1912, acrea5;e and production 581 25 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 22 

wheat crop, 1914 611 5 

f 575 4^ 

wheat crops, 1911-1914, acreage and production { 629 7 

[ 641 9 
Japan — 

barley crops, 191 1-1913, acreage and production 581 20 

cattle hides, imports into, 1912 615 20 

corn crop, 1911 . acreace and production 581 5 

cotton imports Irom United States, 1911-1914 641 12 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 25 

rice production, 1913, 1914 < ^^^ 23 

wheat crops, 1912-1914 641 9 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 42 

JapaiT^se Empire, wheat crop". 1911-1913. acreage and production. . 575 42 



Kafir corn — 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1913, bv States 

July 1, 1914. by. States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914 

September 1, 1914, by States 

production, 1913, percentages, by States I 

production, 1 914, percentages, by States 

yield and production. 1914 

Kansas — 

corn crop, 1913, sliortage, effect on wheat consumption 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

wheat consumption by li, e stock, 1913 

wheat fed to li\ e stock, percentage of crop 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Kentucky — 

crop conditions, chanres, etc., July, 1914 

hemp production, yield. 1913 

See nlso under name of specific, product, hy States. 
Korea, cattle hides, exports from. 1912 

Ivabor— 

Department — 

branch office for employment service 

estal)lishment of farm labor employment service in 1915 

farm — 

hours required at different seasons, by States 

total expense and cost per farm, 1910 

wages — 

a^ erages 

discussion and statistics 

for men. March 1, 1915, by States 

in 1914-1915 

variations, 1893-1913, by States 

with and without board, 1893-1913, by States 

requirements in different States 

income, farmers, 1913, receipts and expenses 

Lambs- 
farm prices- — 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States ' 



558 
611 
615 
620 
620 
560 
563 
629 
641 

611 
615 
611 
598 



615 
560 

615 



17 

32 

30 

3 

28 
11 
14 
24 
32 



20 



665 


13 


6G5 


9-13 


584 


19 


570 


3 


570 


20-21 


584 


7-9 


665 


20-21 


665 


8 


584 


18 


584 


16-17 


584 


9-10 


670 


2-1 


641 


34 


645 


38 



40 



AGRICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



\ 



Lambs— Continued. Farmers' 

farm prices— continued. Bulletin No. 

L>e: ember 15, 1914, by States 651 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 

losses from disease and exposure, 1911-1914, by States 590 

price averaQ;es — 

February 15, 1914 584 

March 15, 1914 590 

April 15, 1914 598 

May 15, 1914 604 

June 15, 1914 611 

July 15, 1914 615 

Aus^ust 15, 1914 620 

September 15, 1914 629 

October 15, 1914 641 

November 15, 1914 645 

December 15, 1914 651 

February 15, 1915 665 

March 15, 1915.. 6^ 2 

Land, improved, area and acreage, per fai'm, 1910 570 

Lard, consumption, 1900, 1909 575 

Leather industry, supply of hides, note 615 

Lemons — 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1914. 620 

crop condition in California — 

September 1, 1913 558 

OctDber 1, 1913 560 

November 1, 1913 563 

Mar-^h 1, 1914 584 

April 1, 1914 590 

May 1, 1914 : 598 

June 1, 1914 : 604 

July 1, 1914 611 

October 1, 1914 629 

November 1, 1914 641 

March 1, 1915 665 

April 1, 1915 672 

production and quality in California, 1912-1914, percentages.. .< p^K 

Lettuce, shipping by parcel post, experiments 611 

Lima beans — 

crop condition — • 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

yield and production, 1914, by States 629 

Limes, crop condition in Florida — 

September 1, 1913 558 

October 1, 1913 560 

November 1, 1913 563 

March 1, 1914 584 

April 1, 1914 590 

May 1, 1914 598 

June 1, 1914 :.....-.... 604 

July 1, 1914 611 

September 1, 1914 620. 

October 1, 1914 629 

November 1, 1914 ■ 641 

March 1, 1915 665 

April 1, 1915 672 

1911-1913, perrentaQ:es 570 

1912-1914, production and quality 645 



Page. 
22 
23 
23 
16 

21 
20 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 
2 
26 
22 



14 

8 

7 

22 

10 

14 

8 

11 

12 

6 

5 

7 

22 

10 

20-21 



17 
34 
31 
26 

14 

8 

7 

22 

10 

14 

8 

11 

5 

12 

6 

5 

7 

22 

10 



INDEX. 



41 



Farmers' 
Livestock— Bulletin No. 

breeding females, per cent of total 575 

condition, April 1, 1914, by States 590 

distribution, by geographic divisions 575 

farm receipts from, total and average per farm, 1910 570 

in United States, number, value, prices, etc., discussion and 

statistics 575 

local markets, need, discussion 560 

losses— 

and condition, April 1, 1915, with comparisons 672 

1913, causes, etc 590 

from disease and exposure, 1913 672 

marketing, 1900-1914 651 

number^ — 

and total value on farms, January 1, 1914 575 

and value per capita, 1914 575 

on farms, January 1, 1915 651 

relation to foot-and-mouth disease 651 

on farms, 'number per capita, 1840-1914, census years 575 

receipts at principal markets, 1900-1913, yearly 575 

1913, value 570 

values, January 1, 1915 651 

variation in numbers, monthly and seasonal 590 

See also Calves; Cattle; Hogs; Horses; Lambs; Mules; Sheep, 
Etc. 
Live-stock industry — 

factors in economical meat production, suggestions, etc 560 

relation of tick eradication 560 

Louisiana — 

cane used for sugar, yield, etc., 1914 641 

cane-sugar industry, 1912-13, factories, production, value, etc.. 570 

crop conditions, changes, etc, July, 1914 615 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 

BUgar cane, yield of sugar, 1913-14 645 

sugar crop — 

1913 590 

1914 672 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Luxemburg, potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

Maine — 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Malta, potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

Manitoba — • 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

flaxseeil crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat crops, 1911, 1913, acreage and production 575 

Maple sin.p — 
farm prices — 

Febn.arvlS, 1915, by States 665 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 

price aA'err,ges — 

March 15, 1913 590 

April 15, 1914 598 

May 15, 1914 604 

h ne 15, 1914 611 

Fehniary 15, 1915 665 

March 15, 1915 672 



Page. 

24 

15-17 

8-11 

3 

1-5 
20-23 

16-17 

1-7 

18-1& 

3 

22-23 

3 

1-2 

4-5 

8 

12 



22-23 
26 

5-6 
13 

8-9 

2 

10 

11-12 
4-5 

25 



25 

20 

28 
15 
24 
22 
41 



25 
25 

20 
20 
20 
37 

27 
2? 



42 



AGKTCULTUBAL- OUTLOOK. 



Maple sugar — 
farm prices — 

Febniary 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States , 

price aA^erages — 

March 15, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

May 15,1914 

June 15, 1914 

Februarv 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

Market — 

apple, relation of cold-storage holdings 

receipts, live stock, 1900-1914 

Marketing — 

by parcel post 

cotton — 

cooperative 

study of situation 

live stock, commercial, fluctuations, etc., discussion 

parcel-post, standardization of products, prices, etc 

Markets, local for live stock, need, discussion 

Marvin, C. F. — 

article on weather conditions in relation to crops, August, 1913. 

discussion of weather condition in relation to crops 

Maryland — 

Crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Massachusetts. See under name of specific product, by States. 
McAdoo, Secretary — 

call for conference on cotton marketing situation, 1914 

plan for currency issue on warehouse receipts for cotton and 

tobacco 

Meadows, condition — 

Mav 1, 1914, by States 

in Florida, 1914 

Meal, cottonseed. See Cottonseed meal. 
Meat animals — 

Argentina, exports from 

imports, 1912, 1913, by countries from which consigned 

losses from disease and exposure, 1913 

losses on farm, causes, suggestions, etc 

price averages — 

1911-19] 3 

October 15, 1913 

price tendencies 

prices, trend, etc. — 

1913 

1914...... 

prices, variations, note 

shortage, causes 

value, increase, causes 

See also Caivea; Cattle; Chickens; Hogs; Lambs; Pigs; Sheep. 
Meat — 

consumption — 

1900, 1909 

per capita, decline, etc • 

distribution, methods, relation to meat production 

exports, 1900, 1909 

"extra edible parts," amounts, 1900, 1909, 1914 

imports — 

October-January, 1914 

from Argentina, October-January, 1914 

under Federal inspection, October-December, 1913, by 
countries from which consigned 



Farmers' 




Bulletin No. 


Page. 


665 


25 


672 


25 


590 


20 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


r>7 


665 


27 


672 


27 


651 


10-12 


651 


3 


611 


16-22 


641 


14-16 


620 


8-15 


575 


11-12 


611 


17-18 


560 


20-23 


558 


1-2 


560 


16-17 



615 



620 



620 11-14 



598 


16 


584 


22 


581 


37-38 


575 


26-27 


590 


8 


560 


27 


560 


1 


563 


I 


570 


17 


560 


1 


604 


11 


641 


7 


575 


4 


575 


4-5 


575 


24 


560 


17 


575 


25, 26 


560 


24 


575 


24 


575 


25 


581 


38-39 


581 


38-39 



575 



28 



INDEX, 43 

Farmers' 

Meat— Continued. . BuUetin No. Page. 

prices, retail, suggeetiona for lessening 560 24 

production — 

and consumption, statistics, and discussion 575 25-29 

1900, 1909, disposition, etc 575 23-24 

imports and exports, value by countries 641 22 

on farm, increase, suggestions 560 27-29 

outlook, discussion 560 17-29 

per capita, 1900, 1909, decline, etc 575 25, 26 

products, imports — 

October-January, 1914 .' 581 38-39 

from Argentina," October-January, 191 3, 1914 581 38-39 

under Federal inspection, October-December, 1913, by 

countries from which consigned 575 28 

supply — 

influence of farm, discussion 560 27-29 

maintenance, stiggestions to farmers 560 28-29 

of United States, future, disctission 560 23-26 

slaxighter under Federal inspection, 1910-1913 560 18 

Meats — 

imports, 1912, 1913, by countries from which consigned 575 27 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913_. 575 29 

Mediterranean region, citrus fnuts, crop conditions, 1914 629 13-14 

Melons. See Cantaloupes; Watermelons. 
Mexico — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, production. 581 20 

cattle hides, exports, 1912 615 20 

cattle, mimber, 1902 615 21 

com crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912 581 28 

oat crops, 1911-1913, production 581 15 

potato crops, 1910-1912 581 24 

rye crops, 1911-1913 581 22 

wheat crops, 1911-1913 575 41 

Michigan — 

beet-sxigar — 

industry. 1912-1913 570 13 

production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 598 10 

crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 6 

losses fi'om hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 

See also under name of specific product, bi/ States. 

"Middlemen," control of markets and prices, remarks 570 5 

Milch cows. See Cows. 

Milk, tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 

Millet- 
crop condition- 
September 1, 1913, by States 558 17 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 32 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 30 

September 1. 1914. by States 620 28 

seed production — ■ 

1913, percentages by States 560 11 

1914, percentages, by States 629 24 

Minnesota — 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 

spring wheat, production, jdeld and prices, 1914 665 5-6 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Mississippi — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 8 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Missouri — 

wheat consumption by live stock, 1913 611 4 

wheat fed to live stock, percentage of crop 598 4 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 



44 



AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers' 
Bulletin No. 

Mohair, farm receipts from, total and average per farm, 1910 570 

Montana — 

crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Montenegro, wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 575 

MooMAW, Clarence W., article on — 

' ' Apple cold storage holdings and the market " 651- 

"Marketing the apple crop " 620 

Mules — 

farm prices, average and increase 575 

increase on farms, 1914 651 

number and value — 

census vears, 3840-1914 575 

January 1, 1915 ■ 651 

on farms — 

January 1, 1914 575 

January 1, 1915, by States 651 

with comparisons, by States, 1910-1914 575 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 

Mutton — 

consumption— 

1900, 1909 575 

per capita, 1900, 1909 557 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 

Murray, Nat C. — 

article and statistics on — ■ 

food production and requirements of various countries 641 

' ' Pm'chasing power of farmers " 645 

article on — • 

condition of cereal crops, September 1, 1913 558 

"Cost of producing cotton" 641 

"The wheat crop of 1913-1914" 629 

statement on — 

"Disposition of feed crops" 629 

"Wheat supplies and requirements " 629 

statistics on ' ' Agricultural products sliipped into cotton States ' ' . 645 

Natal, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 

Nebraska — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 

wheat consumption by live stock, 1913 611 

wheat fed to live stock, percentage of crop 598 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Nectar plants, condition, May 1, 1914 598 

Netherlands — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

cattle hides, exports and imports, 1912 615 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

oat crops, 1 911-1913, acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat crops, 191 2-1 914 641 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 

Nevada — 

crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

New Brunswick — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 

New England, crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 

New Hampshire^ 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 



Page. 
3 

10 

42 

10-12 
16-22 

2 
1 



1,15 

22 
15 
39 
29 



24 
25 
29 



20-22 
18-23 

7-20 

12-14 

4-5 

8-9 

5-6 

12-13 

25 

7 
4 
4 



20 
20 
28 
15 
25 
22 
9 
42 

10 



20 
15 
24 
41 
3 



INDEX. 



45 



Farmers' 

New Jersey- Bulletin No. 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

New Mexico — 

crop conitions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

New South Wales — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

corn crops, 1911-1912, acreage and production 581 

oat crops, 1911-1912, acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 

New York — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914..' 615 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

New Zealand — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

cattle hides, exports from, 1912 : . 615 

cattle, number, 1891-1911, by years 615 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

oat crops, 1911-1913 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat crop, 1914 598 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 

Newfoundland, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 

North America — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. 581 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 575 

North Carolina — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

North Dakota — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 

spring wheat, production, yield, and prices, 1914 665 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Norway — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

cattle hides, imports into, 1912 615 

oat crops, 191 1-1913, acreage and.production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 

wheat crops, 191 1-1913, acreage and production 575 

Nova Scotia, potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

Nuts- 
crop conditions in California, September 1, 1913 558 

crop conditions in California, November 1, 1913 563 

farm prices, October 15, 1914, by States 641 

See also Almonds; Chestnuts; Hickory nuts; Pecans; Walnuts. 

Oat crop — 

1911 581 

1913, production and value, comparisons, leading States, etc 570 

Oats — 

acreage and production, 1911-1913 581 

acreage, 1914, by States . 604 

acreage, yield, and production, 1913, by States | ^^^ 



3-4 



10 



21 
5 

16 
25 
23 
43 

3 

2 



21 
20 
21 

6 
16 
25 
23 

5 
43 
24 

20-21 
5-6 
28-29 
15-16 
24-25 
22-23 
41 



6 

2 

4-5 



20 
20 
15 
25 

22 
42 
24 

14 

7 

37 



17 

7 

15 

13 

3-4 

28 



46 



AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



Oats — Continued. 

acreage, yield, and production, 1914, estimates 

acreage, yield, production, and value, 1913 

acreage, yield, production, and value, 1914 

acreage, yield, production, and value, 1914, by States 

area and production, various countries, 1911-1913 

Canadian, imports, production, sm'plus, etc., discussion 

consumption on farm by various animals, quantity and value. . 
crop condition and price — 

June 1, 1914, by States 

July 1, 1913, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

crop condition at harvest, 1914, with comparisons 

crop condition, September 1, 1913, by States 

crop estimates, and prices, September 1, 1913 

crop forecasts from condition in specific months 

crop of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production. . 

crops, 1 906-1913, yearly 

exports, 1906-1913 

farm prices — 

December 1, 1913, by States 

April 1, 1914, bv States 

May 1, 1914, by States 

November 1 , 1914, by States 

December 1, 1914, by States 

January 1, 1915, bv States 

April 1, 1915, bv States 

imports, 1906-1913. ." 

price averages — 

December 1, 1899-1914 

September 1, 1913 

October 1, 1913 

December 1, 1913 

September 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914 

December 1, 1914 

January 1, 1915 

February 15, 1915 

April 1, 1915 

prices — 

November 1, 1913 

August 1, 1914 

at Chicago, December 1, 1913 

at market centers — 

May 1, 1914 

June 1, 1914 

July 1, 1914 

August 1, 1914 

September 1, 1 914 

October 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914 

December, 1914 

January 2, 191 5 

March 1, 1915 

April 1 , 1915 

September 1, 1913, by States 

October 1, 1913, by States 

March 1, 1913, 1914, by States 

October 1, 1 914, bv States 

March 1, 1915, by States ; 

production in leading five States, 1914 

seed, preparation for sowing 

seeding — 

increase in cotton States, 1915 

quantity sown per acre, list of countries 



rmers' 




letin No. 


l^age. 


620 


o 


570 


8 


645 


4,22 


645 


28 


581 


15-16 


581 


17-18 


629 


8-9 


604" 


13 


611 


28 


615 


25 


620 


24 


620 


2 


558 


16 


558 


9-10 


641 


4 


620 


16 


581 


18 


581 


18 


570 


28 


590 


18 


598 


18 


641 


33 


645 


28 


651 


20 


672 


22 


581 


18 


645 


23 


558 


10 


560 


4 


570 


8 


620 


2 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


563 


2 


615 


2 


581 


17 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


39 


645 


44 


651 


28 


665 


28 


672 


28 


558 


16 


560 


10 


584 


14 


629 


21 


665 


17 


645 


5 


584 


7 


651 


8 


672 


11 



INDEX. 



47 



Oats — Continued. Farmers' 

shipped — BuUetin No 

into cotton States, quantity and value, by States importing. 

out of county where grown, by States 

smut, treatment of seed for prevention 

stocks — 

on farms — 

March 1, 1914 

March 1 , 1914, by States 

March 1, 1915 

prices and movement, March 1, 1915, by States 

value — 

comparisons, 1914 with other years 

per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 

weight per bushel, by States < 

world — 

crop, distribution, production, etc., discussion 

crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . . . 
yield and production — 

1913 

1914 

1914, estimates 

yield — 

averages, 1903-1913 | 

1914, by States, estimates I 

production and quality — 

averages, 1914 

1913, by States 

1914, by States 

Ohio— 

beet-sugar — 

industry, 1912-1913 

production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

See also tmder name of specific ■product, by States. 

Oil, cottonseed, exports, 1913 

Oklahoma — 

crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 

wheat — 

consumption by live stock 

fed to live stock, percentage of crop 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Olives — 

crop condition in California — • 

September 1 , 1913 

October 1, 1913 .- 

November 1, 1913 

June 1 , 1914 

Julv 1, 1914 

September 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

November 1 , 1914 

production — 

in California, percentages, 1913-1914 

in California, percentages, 1913 

Onions — 

acreage, yield, and production, 1913, 1914, in States, of surplus 

production 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1913, by States 

June 1, 1914, by States 



645 


13 


584 


14 


584 


7 


584 


2 


584 


14 


665 


2 


665 


17 


65] 


8-9 


645 


23 


563 


12 


641 


29 


581 


12-16 


581 


15-16 


563 


2 


629 


3 


615 


2 


558 


7 


570 


18 


598 


21 


604 


21 


611 


38 


615 


30 


641 


2 


560 


10 


629 


21 


570 


13 


598 


10 


615 


5 


570 


19 


615 


9 


611 


4 


598 


4 


558 


14 


560 


8 


563 


7 


604 


8 


611 


11 


620 


5 


629 


12 


641 


6 


645 


10 


570 


22 



645 



558 
604 



11 

19 
17 



48 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Onions — ^Continued. Farmers' 

crop condition — continued. BuUetin No. Page. 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 34 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 33 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 31 

farm prices — 

November 15, 1913, 1914, by States 645 40 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 35 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 25 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 25 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 25 

price averages — 

September 15, 1913 560 8 

February 15, 1914 584 21 

March 15, 1914 590 20 

April 15, 1914 598 20 

May 15, 1914 604 20 

June 15, 1914 611 37 

Julyl5,1914 615 35 

August 15, 1914 620 33 

September 15, 1914 629 30 

October 15, 1914 641 38 

November 15, 1914 645 43 

December 15, 1914 651 27 

February 15, 1915 665 27 

March 15, 1911-1915 672 27 

yield and production — 

1913, by States 560 14 

1914, by States 629 26 

Ontario — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreageand production 581 15 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 24 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 22 

wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 41 

Orange Free States, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 25 

Oranges — 

crop conditions in Florida and California — 

September 1, 1913 558 14 

October 1, 1913 560 8 

November 1, 1913 563 7 

March 1,1914 584 22 

April 1, 1914 590 10 

May 1,1914 598 14 

June 1,1914 604 8 

Julyl,1914 611 11 

September 1, 1914 620 5 

October 1, 1914 629 12 

November 1, 1914 641 6 

March 1, 1913-1915 665 5 

April 1, 1913-1915 672 7 

production and quality, 1912-1914 in Florida and California, 

percentages 645 10 

Oregon — 

clover-seed growing, crop condition, production, etc 615 16 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 11 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Pacific coast, shipments to England , time by Panama Canal 665 7 

Packing-house products, Argentina, exports from 581 37-38 

Panama Canal, Pacific coast to England, trip time 665 7 

Paraguay, cattle, number, 1899-1912, by years 615 21 



INDEX. 49 



Parcel post— Farmers' 

marketing— Bulletin No. Page. 

article by Charles J. Brand 611 16-22 

promotion by post office at Washington, D. C. , methods 611 17 

shipment, packages, limits, requirements, etc 611 21-22 

Parcel postage, rates in local zones 611 21 

Pasturage, farm, for meat production, suggestions, etc 560 21-22 

Pasture- 
condition- 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 17 

June 1,1914, by States 604 15 

July 1,1914, by States 611 32 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 30 

1914. comparisons, etc 598 7 

in Florida — 

Marchl,1914 584 22 

April 1.1914 590 10 

April 1, 1915 672 7 

lands, utilization of waste areas, suggestions 560 21-22 

Peaches — 

crop condition- 
September 1, 1914 620 3 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 16 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 33 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 31 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 30 

in Florida — 

Aprill,1914 590 10 

May 1,1914 598 14 

April 1, 1915.. 672 7 

crop conditions in Florida and California — 

June 1,1914 604 8* 

Julyl,1914 611 11 

September 1, 1914 620 5 

farm prices, October 15, 1914, by States 641 35 

price averages — 

July 15, 1914 615 35 

August 15, 1914 620 33 

September 15, 1914 629 30 

October 15, 1910-1914 641 38 

production, 1913, by States 558 18 

Peanuts — 

crop condition^ 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 20 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 15 

July. 1914, by States 611 34 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 33 

September 1, 1914, bv States 620 31 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 27 

farm prices — 

October 15, 1913-1914, by States ' 641 32 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 39 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 24 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 24 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 24 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 584 21 

March 15, 1914 590 20 

April 15, 1914 598 20 

May 15, 1914 604 20 

June 15, 1914 611 37 

Julyl5,1914 615 35 

August 15, 1914 620 33 

September 1, 1914 629 30 

October 15, 1914 641 38 



50 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



PeanUiS — Continued. Fanners 

price averages — continued. I 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 15,1915 

production, 1913, percentage, by States 

yield, production, and quality, 1914, by States 

Pears — 

crop condition^ — 

September 1, 1913, by States 

June 1, 1914, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914 

September 1, 1914, by States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

crop conditions in — 
California — 

June 1, 1914 

July 1, 1914 

September 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914 

Florida- 
April 1, 1914 

May 1, 1914 

April 1, 1915 

and California — 

June 1, 1914 

July 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914 

farm prices- — 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

production- — 

and quality, 1914, by States 

1913, percentage by States I 

Peas — 

Canadian — 

crop condition — 

June 1, 1914, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

production of forage and seed, 1914, percentages, by States. . 
crop of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production. . 

field, crop condition, August 1, 1914, by States 

See also Canadian peas; Cowpeas. 
Pecans — 

farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

price averages — 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

Pennsylvania- 
crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 .* 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 



tin No. 


Page. 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


563 


14 


641 


32 


550 


18 


604 


16 


611 


33 


615 


31 


620 


3 


620 


30 


629 


25 


604 


8 


611 


11 


620 


5 


629 


12 


641 


6 


590 


10 


598 


14 


672 


7 


604 


8 


611 


11 


641 


6 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


24,27 


641 


35 


645 


39 


641 


30 


560 


12 


563 


13 


604 


17 


611 


32 


620 


28 


629 


24 


620 


16 


615 


30 


641 


37 


645 


39 


651 


24 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 



615 



3-4 



INDEX. 



51 



Farmers' 

Persia, wheat- ' BulletmNo. 

crop 1914 604 

crops 1911-1913, production o7b 

Peru— 

cattle hides, exports, 1911 o-"-^ 

cotton production, 1900-1910 581 

wheat production, note 645 

Philippine Islands, corn crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

Pickens, James M., article on "The meat situation " 560 

Pigs— 

England and Wales, 1911-1914 620 

losses at farrowing, causes 560 

raising near creameries, economical feeding, etc 560 

Pineapples, crop conditions in Florida — 

March 1, 1914 584 

April 1 , 1914 590 

May 1, 1914 598 

June 1, 1914 604 

July 1, 1914 611 

March 15, 1915 665 

April 1, 1915 672 

Planting, spring, progress — 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 

remarks 598 

Plowing, spring, progress — 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 

remarks 598 

Plums. See Prunes. 

Poland — * 

barley crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1911, acreage and production 581 

oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 

rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

wheat Crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 

Pop corn- 
farm prices — 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 584 

November 15, 1914 645 

March 15, 1911-1915 665 

Pork- 
consumption — 

1900, 1909 575 

per capita, 1900, 1909 575 

exports, 1913 570 

production on irrigated farms, suggestions 560 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 

Porto Rico- 
exports of honey and beeswax, 1914, increase, remarks and 

statistics 620 

sugar production, 1912, 1913 611 

Portugal — 

cattle hides, imports, 1912 615 

citrus fruits, crop conditions, 1914, consular report 629 

corn crops, 1911-1913 581 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 

Postal routes, rural free delivery and star routes, mileage 615 

Potato crop — 

forecasts from condition in specific months 641 

outlook, September 1, 1913 558 

1913, production and value, comparisons, leading States, etc. . . 570 

world, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries 581 



Page. 

8 

42 

20 

43 

15 

5 

17-20 

16 
27 
29 

22 

10 

14 

8 

11 

5 

7 

17 

7 



20 
29 
16 
25 
22 
42 



40 
25 

21 
43 

27 



24 
25 
19 
29 
29 



6 
22 

20 
13 
5 
42 
22 

4 

3-4 

9 

24-25 



52 



AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers' 

Bulletin No. Page. 

Potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 24 

Potatoes — 
acreage — 

1914 629 2 

and production, 1914, estimates 611 31 

production and value, 1912-1914 645 4 

yield— 

and production — 

1913, by States 570 29 

1914, estimates 620 2 

production and value — • 

1899-1914 645 22 

1911-1913 570 8 

1913, 1914, by States 645 32 

condition in Florida — 

March 1,1914 584 22 

April 1,1914 590 10 

May 1,1914 598 14 

June 1,1914 604 8 

March 1,1915 665 5 

April 1,1915 672 7 

crop condition — 

October 1, 1914 629 2 

and prices — 

September 1, 1914 620 2 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 19 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 31 

August 1, 19 W, by States '. . . 615 27 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 25 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 22 

crop of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production. 620 16 

farm prices — 

October 1, 1914 629 3 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 13 

November 1, 1913, by States 563 10 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 29 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 20 

April 1, 1914. by States 590 18 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 18 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 18 

November 1, 1914, by States 641 26 

December 1, 1914, by States : 645 32 

January 1, 1915, by States 651 20 

March 1, 1915, by States 665 22 

April 1, 1915, by States 672 22 

imports, 1909-1913 575 31 

price averages — 

October 1, 1913 560 8 

November 1, 1913 563 2 

December 1, 1913 570 8 

August 1,1914 615 2 

November 1, 1914 641 38 

December 1, 1914 645 23,43 

January 1, 1915 651 27 

March 1,1915 665 27 

April 1,1915 672 27 

prices, March 1 and December 1, 1914, by States 651 6-7 

production — 

1912, 1913, by States - 560 13 

comparison with imports 575 31 

in leading five States, 1914 645 5 

stocks on hand and value, 1910-1914, by States 575 40-41 



INDEX. 



53 



Potatoes— Coutiuued. .,^5P^*''It 

stocks on hand- S'^^^*"' No. 

January 1, 1914 575 

January 1, 1915, by States 651 

relation to prices, discussion 575 

sweet. See Sweet potatoes. 

value — 

comparisons, 1914, witli other years 651 

per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 645 

world crop, distribution, comparisons, etc., discussion 581 

yield — 

and production — 

1913 



1914, estimates. 



563 
615 
629 
f 604 

1914, estimates by States j gjg 

I 620 
558 
570 

641 
563 
641 

629 

641 

641 
641 
560 
560 
570 
570 



per acre, averages, 1903-1913 \ 

production and quality — 

averages, 1914 

1913, by States 

1914, by States 

Poultry — 

consumption of feed crops, quantity, and value of \'arious crops. . 

foreign countries, production, imports and exports, value 

production — 

imports and exports (with eggs), value 

imports, by countries 

on farms, economic importance 

situation, note 

value and average per farm, 1910 • 

products, 1913, value 

See also Chickens; Turkeys. 
Powell, T. F., article on "Concentrating and storage-in-transit 

arrangements in transporting farm products " 

Prairie hay. See Hay. 
Prices- 
agricultural products — 



at market centers, 1912-1914 . 



1914, by States 

March 1, 1914, by States. 
June 15, 1914, by States. . 

August 1, 1914 

August 1, 1914, by States. 
December 1, 1899-1914.. . 
farm, agricultural products — 

October 1, 1914 

April 1, 1914, by States... 
May 1, 1914, by States. .. 
June 1, 1914, by States. . . 
farm products — 
averages — 

March 1, 1914 

April 15, 1914 

March 15, 1915 

May 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

July 15, 1914 



672 



30 

5-7 

29-30 



8-9 

23 

23-25 



2 

2 

3 

21 

38 

36 

34 

7 

18 

2 
10 
26 

8-9 
22 

22 
22 
29 
25 
3 
16 



15-16 



598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


641 


39 


61l/ 26-29, 
^^^\31-32, 36 


584 


20 


611 


36 


615 


2 


615 


23-29 


645 


23 


629 


3 


590 


18-19 


598 


18-19 


604 


18-19 


584 


21 


590 


20 


672 


27 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 



54 



AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



Prices — Continued . 

farm products — continued. Farmers' 

averages — continued. Biiiletin No 

July 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 1, 1914, by States 

Julv 15, 1914, by States 

August 15, 1914, by States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

November 1, 1914 , by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

January 1, 1915, by Statas 

February 15, 1915, by States 

March 1, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

April 1, 1915, by States 

range at market centers — 

1914 

1915 

tendencies, discussion 



trend, 1914. 



groin, September 1, 1913, by States 

vegetables, September 15, 1914, by States 

Prince Edward Island, potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and pro- 
duction 

Prunes, crop condition in California — 

September 1, 1913 

October 1, 1913 

June 1, 1914 

July 1, 1914 

August 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

Prussia — 

grain crops, production, 1914 

wheat crops, 1912-1914 

Quebec — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreaga and production 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

o?t crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage an;l production 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

Queensland- 
barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

corn crops, 1911-1912, acreage and production 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production. 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

rye crops, 1911-1913, production 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 



620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


665 


27 


584 


20 


615 


34 


620 


32 


629 


28-29 


641 


33-38 


645 


38^2 


651 


20-21 


665 


23-26 


665 


22 


665 


22-26 


672 


22-26 


620 


33 


629 


30 


645 


44 


665 


28 


570 


17-18 


584 


10-11 


590 


12-13 


598 


7-8 


604 


10-11 


611 


12 


615 


16-17 


620 


4-5 


629 


14 


641 


7 


645 


12 


665 


6 


672 


7 


558 


15-16 


629 


26 


581 


24 


558 


14 


560 


8 


604 


8 


611 


11 


620 


5 


629 


12 


641 


23 


641 


9 


581 


20 


581 


5 


581 


28 


581 


15 


581 


24 


581 


22 


581 


21 


581 


5 


581 


16 


581 


25 


581 


23 


575 


43 



INDEX. 



55 



Farmers' 
Kaspberries, crop condition— BuUetin No. 

Juns 1, 1914, by States ^1/4 

July 1, 1914, b V States 611 

August 1,1914, by States ---. v.V- En 

Kawl, B. H., article on " Nee1 for local markets for live stock 660 

Reexports, agricultural products, 1913, value 570 

Rhole Island. See under name of specific product, by States. 
Rice — 

acreage— 

1914 629 

and production, 1914, estimates 611 

production, yieli, and value — 

1913 570 

1914 _. 645 4, 

yieli and production — 

1913, by States 570 

1913, note 560 

1914, estimates 620 

crop — 

estimate and acreage, 1913 558 

forecasts from con litions, November, 1 914. 641 

1913, pro luction and value, comparisons, leading States, etc . 570 
crop condition — 

September 1 , 1913, by States 558 

October 1 , 1913, by States 560 

Julv 1, 1914, by States 611 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 

September 1 , 1914, by States 620 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

exports (with rice flour, etc.), 1913 570 

farm prices — 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

December 1, 1914, by States 645 

price averages — 

December 1, 1913 570 

December 1, 1914 645 

production in lea 'ing five States, 1 914 645 

value comparisons, 1914, with other years 651 

value per acre, with comparisons, 1914 645 

yiel I and pro luction, 1914 — 

estimates 615 

note 629 

yield, 1914, by States, estimates 604 

611 
615 
620 
Rommel, George M. — 

article on "The influence of the average farm on the meat 

supply " 560 

remarks on sheep raising on the farm 575 

Roumania — 

barley crop, 1913, acreage and pro luction 581 

corn crop, 1 913, acreage an 1 pro 'uction _ 581 

flax an I flaxsee 1 crops, 1912, acreage and production 581 

hi es, imports, 1911 615 

oat crop, 1913, acreage an 1 pro luction. 581 

potato crop, 1912, acreage an I pro luction 581 

rye crop, 1913, acreage an I pro luction - . 581 

wheat acreage, 1914 , 604 

wheat crop, 1914 641 

wheat crop, 1913, acreage an 1 pro luction 575 

Russia — 

barley crop, 1911 , acreage and pro luction, by countries 581 

cattle, number, 1899-1911, by years 615 



Page, 
16 
33 
31 

20-23 
19 



2 
30 



22,36 

32 

5-6 

2 

12 

4 

14-15 

16 
11 
30 
28 
2,26 
2,23 
19 

32 
26 
36 



23 

5 

8-9 

23 

2 
3 
21 
88 
36 
34 



27-29 
18-19 

20 
5 

28 
20 
15 
25 
22 
9 
9 
42 

20,21 
21 



56 



AGRICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers' 
Russia— Continued. BuUetiaNo. 

corn crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 

cotton imports from United States, 1914 641 

cotton production, 1913 581 

farm wages, increase, etc 584 

flax seed crop, 1911, acreage and production, by countries 581 

food production and requirements, percentages 641 

foodstuffs, pro-luction, imports and exports, value 641 

grain crops, production, 1914 641 

hiies, exports and imports, 1912 615 

oat crop, 1911, acreage anl production 581 

potato crop, 1912, acreage an 1 pro Juction 581 

rye crop, 1911, acreage and pro luction 581 

wheat crop — 

1911, acreage and production 575 

f 611 

1914, acreage, etc { 629 

I 641 
Rye- 

acreage and produ etion, 1913 581 

acreage in fall of 1914, by States ■ 672 

acreage, production, yield, and value — 

1913 570 

1914 645 

acreage sown — 

1913, by States... 570 

1914, by States 645 

acreage, j'ield, and production — 

1913, note - 560 

1913, by States 570 

acreage, yield, production, and prices, 1914 620 

acreage, yield, production, and quality, 1914, by States 615 

acreage, yield, production, and value, 1914, by States 645 

average quantity sown per acre. List of countries 672 

condition and price — 

June 1, 1914, by States 604 

April 1, 1915, by States 672 

crop condition — 

1914, comparisons, etc 598 

December 1, 1913 570 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 

April 1, 1914, by States 590 

May 1, 1914, by States 598 

July 1, 1914, bv States 611 

December 1, 1914, by States 645 

crop estimate, acreage, and prices, 1913 558 

crop, 1913, production and value, comparison, leading States, 

etc .- 570 

crops, world, 1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 

farm prices — 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 

April], 1914, by States 590 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

November 1, 1914, by States 641 

December 1, 1914, by States 645 

Jamary 1, 1915, by States 651 

March 1, 1915, by States 665 

price averages — 

September 1, 1913 558 

October 1, 1913 f60 

December 1, 1913 570 

November 1, 1914 641 

December 1, 1914 645 



Page 

5 

12 

43 

9 

29 

21 

22 

23 

20 

10 

25 

22, 2;^ 

42 
5 

7 



22 
21 



34-35 
37 

5 

31 

2 

26 

22,30 

11 

15 
21 

6 

20, 

34-35 

34-35 

14 

15 

26 

8,37 

11 

14 
21-23 

31 
20 
18 
3,29 
33 
30 
20 
22 

11 

5 

8 

38 

23,43 



INDEX. 57 

Rye — Continued. Farmers' 

price averages— continued. BuUetin No. Page. 

January 1, 1915 651 27 

February 1, 1915 665 27 

March 1, 1915 672 27 

prices — 

November 1, 1913 563 2 

August 1, 1914 615 2 

prices at Chicago — 

May 1,1914 598 20 

T 1 iQiA / 604 20 

June 1, 1914... | g^^ 37 

August 1, 1914 615 35 

September 1, 1914 620 33 

October 1, 1914 629 30 

November 1, 1914 641 39 

December 1, 1914 645 44 

Januarv 1, 1915 651 28 

Febn,ary 1, 1915 665 28 

Aprill, 1915 672 28 

prices, August 1 , 1914, by States 615 26 

production in leading five States, 1914 645 5 

value comparisons, 1914, with other years 651 8-9 

valu e per acre, 1914, with comparisons 645 23 

yield — 

1914, by States, estimates j gQ^ 21 

per acre, 1913 558 7 

per acre, 1913, average 570 18 

production and quality, average, 1914 641 2 

yield and production — 

1913 563 2 

1914 629 3 

1914, estimates 615 2 

Saskatchewan — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 15 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and produ ction 581 24 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 22 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 41 

Sausage, tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 

Scotland — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 25 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 42 

Seed- 
alfalfa. See Alfalfa seed, 
clover. See Clover seed, 
corn. See Corn seed, 
cotton. See Cotton seed, 

feed crops, requirements, quantity and value of various crops. . 629 8-9 

quantity sown per acre in Europe and America 672 9-11 

timothy. See Timothy seed, 
wheat. See Wheat seed. 

See also under name of specific plant. 

Seeding, fall, in cotton States, 1914.... 651 7-8 

Serum, antiliog-cholera — 

directions for use 590 3-7 

value and distribution 558 4-5 

Servia — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 20 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 



58 



AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



Farmers' 

Servia — Continued. Bulletin No. Page. 

flax crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 29 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 25 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 23 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 42 

Sheep — 

advantages as farm animal 575 18-19 

condition — 

1910-1915 672 19 

April 1, 1914, by States : 590 16 

April 1, 1915, with 10-year average, by States 672 17 

consi mption of feed crops, qnantity and val: e of various crops. . 629 8-9 

distribution, by geographic divisions, percentages 575 11 

dutiable, imports, July-September, 1913 575 27 

farm prices — 

January 1, 1914, average and decrease 575 3 

March 15, 1914, by States 590 19 

April 15, 1914, by States 598 19 

May 15, 1914, by States 604 19 

June 15, 1914, by States 611 36 

July 15, 1914, by States 615 34 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 32 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 28 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 34 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 38 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 22 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 23 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 23 

imports, 1912, 1913, by countries from which consigned 575 27 

increase on farms, January 1 , 1915 651 1 

losses and condition for specific periods, by States 590 16 

losses from disease and exposure, 1913, condition, etc < ^-9 -lo 

losses from disease, 1912-1913, by States 590 16 

marketings, 1900-1914 651 3 

number — 

and value, 1910-1914, with comparisons, by States 575 36 

and value on farms, January 1, 1915, by States 651 18 

January 1, 1914, decrease, etc 575 2-3 

distribution by geographic division, etc 575 17-19 

in England arid Wales, 1911-1914... 620 16 

on farms, 1840-1914, census years 575 8 

on farms, decrease, causes, etc 575 15-16 

per capita in United States, 1840-1914 575 17 

price averages — 

November 15, 1913 645 43 

February 15, 1914 584 21 

April 15, 1914 598 20 

May 15, 1914 604 20 

June 15, 1914 611 37 

Julv 15, 1914 615 35 

August 15, 1914 620 33 

September 15, 1914 629 30 

October 15, 1914 641 38 

December 15, 1914 651 27 

February 15, 1915 665 27 

March 1.5, 1915 672 27 

prices, decline, causes 575 16 

production, decline, note 560 25 

raising by farmers, suggestions 560 28-29 

raising on the farm, discussion 575 18-19 

receipts at principal markets, 1900-1913, yearly 575 12 

slaughter under Federal inspection, 1910-1913 • 560 18 

tariff rates l^efore and after October 4, 19 r3 575 29 

Sec also 1 ambs. 



INDEX, 



59 



Siberia — ^ 

barley crop, 1911, acreage and production 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1911, acreage and production 

oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 

rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 

wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 

Singapore, hides, exports and imp ^rts, 1911 

Sirup — 

maple. See Maple sirup. 

sorghum, yield of cane per acre, 1914, by States 

Slaughterhouses. See Abattoirs. 

Smut, grain, treatment of seed for prevention, directions 

Sorghum — 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1913, by States 

October 1, 1913, by States 

July 1, 1914, bv States 

August 1, 1914,' bv States 

September 1, 1914, by States 

October 1, 1914, by States 

yield of sirup — • 

per acre, 1914, by States 

1913, percentage by States 

Sorghums, gram, preparation of seed for planting 

South Africa, British, cattle hides, exports, 1912 

South America — 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production by countries. 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 
wheat crops, acreage and production, 1911-1913, by countries. . 
South Australia — • 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

South, beef production, advantages 

South Carolina — 

crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 

See also under name of specijic product, by States. 
South Dakota — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

sprmg wheat, production, yield and prices, 1914 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Sows, breeding — 

condition and number, April 1, 1915, by States 

number, April 1, 1914, percentages by States 

percentage by States, comparisons, 1913 

Soy beans — 

farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

Spain — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

citrus fruits, crop conditions, 1914, consular report 

corn crop.«, 191 1-1913, acreage and production 



Farmers' 




ulletin No. 


Page. 


581 


21 


581 


29 


581 


16 


581 


23 


575 


42 


615 


20 


641 


31 


584 


6,7 


558 


20 


560 


15 


611 


35 


615 


33 


620 


31 


629 


27 


641 


31 


563 


14 


584 


7 


615 


20 


581 


5 


581 


28 


581 


15 


581 


24 


575 


41 


581 


21 


581 


5-6 


581 


16 


581 


25 


581 


23 


575 


43 


560 


29 



615 



4-5 



615 


7 


665 


4-5 


672 


17 


590 


17 


558 


13 


641 


36 


645 


41 


651 


23 


665 


24 


584 


21 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


581 


20 


629 


12-13 


581 


5 



60 



AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



672 



672 



, Farmers' 

Spain— Continued. Bulletin No 

corn production, 1914 

hides, exports, 1912 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production. 

rice production, 1914 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

wheat crops, 191 2-1914 | 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

wine production, 1914 

Spillman, W. J., article on "Futuie meat supply of the United 

States " 

Spring plowing and planting, progress, May 15, 1914, remarks 

Spring wheat. See Wheat, spring. 
Storage, cold. See Cold storage. 

Storage-in- transit, farm products, practices 

Strawberries — ■ 

crop condition in Florida — 

April 1, 1914 

May 1, 1914 

April 1, 1915 

production, 1914 

shipping by parcel post, tests 

Subtropical crops. See tinder name of specific crop. 
Sugar, beet — 

European, 1914 

production — ■ 

and value, 1913-1914 

and yield of beets, 1914 

1912, 1913, by States 

1914, by States 

factories and yield, 1911-1913, by States 

yield, 1913, factories, etc 

Sugar beets. See Beets, sugar. 
Sugai campaigns — 

Hawaiian, 1912-1914 

Louisiana, 1911-1913, length, factories", and production 

Sugar, cane — 
production — 

in Hawaii, comparisons, etc., by divisions 

in Louisiana, 1911, 1912 

in Louisiana, 1913 

in Louisiana, 1914 

of Louisiana, 1911-1 914 '. 

yield per acre in Louisiana 

Sugar cane. See Cane, sugar. 
Sugar- 
crop, Hawaiian, 1913-1914 

factories, Hawaii, number, output, etc., 1914 

Hawaii, production, factories, yield of cane, September 30, 1913. 

etc. , by divisions - _ 

imports from foreign countries and insular possessions 

maple. -See Maple sugar. 

Porto Rico, production, 1912, 1913. 

prices, 1915, comparison with previous years 

production— 

and value, 1913-1914 

consumption and sources of supply, 1913 

continental United States, 1914 

imports and exports, 1913, value 

Louisiana, 1911-1913, by parishes 

supply- 
article by Frank Andrews 

sources "• 



641 


23 


615 


20 


581 


16 


581 


25 


641 


23 


581 


23 


629 


7 


641 


9 


575 


42 


641 


23 


560 


23-26 


598 


7 



15 



590 


10 


598 


14 


672 


7 


611 


33 


611 


20 



570 


12 


641 


5 


570 


13 


672 


3-4 


598 


10 


598 


9-11 


665 


6 


590 


12 


570 


14 


570 


13 


590 


11-12 


641 


5-6 


672 


4 


672 


4 


665 


5-6 


665 


6 


598 


12 


672 


5-6 


611 


22 


672 


6 


570 


12 


598 


11-12 


672 


5 


641 


22 


590 


11 


672 


5-6 


598 


11-12 



INDEX. 61 



Sugar — Continu ed . 
yield — 

of beets, 1913 

of beets, by States 

of cane in Louisiana, 1911-1914 

Sulzer apple barrel law, text 

Sweden — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

cattle bides, exports and imports, 1911 

flax and flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and pioduction 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

rje crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

Sweet potato crop — 

forecasts from condition in bpecific months 

1913, production and value, comparisons, leading States, etc.. . 
Sweet potatoes — ■ 
acreage — 

1914 

and production, 1 914, estimates 

production and value, 1912-1914 

yield and production, 1911-1913 

yield and production, 1913, by States 

yiebl and production, 1914, estimates 

yield, production, and value, 1899-1914 

yield, production, and value, 1913, 1914, by States 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1913 

October 1, 1914 

and prices, July 1, 1914, by States 

and prices, October 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1913, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

forecast and price, September 1, 1914, by States 

farm prices — 

October 1, 1914 

October 15, 1913, by States 

December 1, 1913, by States 

July 15, 1914, by States 

November 1, 1914, by States 

December 1, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

price averages — 

December 1, 1913 

February 15, 1914 

March 15, 1914 

April 15. 1914 

May 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

Julv 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 .*- 

December 1, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

April 15, 1915 

production in leading five States, 1914 

production, 1913, percentage by States 

value compai'isons, 1914, with other years 

value per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 



Farmers' 




Bulletin No. 


Page. 


629 


11 


598 


10 


(J45 


10 


620 


21-22 


581 


20 


615 


20 


581 


29 


581 


16 


581 


25 


581 


23 


575 


42 


641 


4 


570 


10 


629 


2 


611 


31 


645 


4 


570 


8 


570 


33 


620 


2 


645 


22 


645 


33 


620 


2 


629 


2 


611 


31 


629 


22 


558 


19 


615 


27 


620 


25 


629 


3 


563 


10 


570 


33 


615 


27 


641 


27 


645 


33 


651 


25 


665 


25 


672 


25 


570 


8 


584 


•21 


590 


20 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


645 


23 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


645 


5 


560 


13 


651 


8-9 


645 


23 



62 AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 

Sweet potatoes — Contiuued. Farmers' 

yigl(J Bulletin No. Piige. 

and production, 1912, 1913 563 2 

and production, 1914. 029 3 

and production, 1914, estimates G15 2 

r 611 38 

1914, bv States, estimates \ 615 39 

[ 620 34 

production and quality, 1913 563 10 

prcduction and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 641 2 

production and quality, 1914, by States 641 27 

Swine — 

consumption of feed crops, quantity and value of various crops. 629 8-9 
distribution by geograpliic divisions, commercial movement, 

etc 575 20 

distribution by geographic divisions, percentages 575 11 

farm price, January 1, 1914, average and increase 575 3 

number — 

and value, 1910-1914, with comparisons, by States 575 37 

January 1, 1914, increase, etc 575 3 

on farms, January 1, 1914, average weight and value 575 19 

on farms, 1840-1914, census years 575 8 

per capita, variation, 1840-1914 575 20 

slaughter under Federal inspection, 1910-1913 560 18 

tariff rates before and after October 4, 1913 575 29 

See also Hogs. 
Switzerland — 

cattle hides, exports, 1912 615 20 

potato crops, 1910-1912, production 581 25 

wheat crops, 1911-1913 575 42 

wheat crops, 1912-1914 641 9 

Tariff rates on animals and animal products before and after Octo- 
ber 4, 1913 575 29 

Tasmania — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 21 

oat crops, 1911-1912, acreage and production 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 25 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 23 

Avheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 43 

Taxes, farm expenses, total and average per farm, 1910 570 3 

Taylor, William A., remarks on condition of the apple crop, August, 

1913 558 2-3 

Tennessee, crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 8 

See also under name of specific product, hi/ States. 
Texas- 
cattle, increase in numbers, causes 575 6-7 

crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 615 9 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 590 2 

See also under name of specific products, by States. 

Tick, cattle, eradication, effect on live-stock industry, possibilities. . 560 26 
Timothv, condition — 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 32 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 30 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 27 

Timothy hay. See Hay. 
Timothy, seed — » 

farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 36 

November 15, 1914, by States -645 41 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 26 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 26 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 26 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 584 21 

March 15, 1914 590 20 

April 15. 1914 598 20 



INDEX. 



63 



Timothy seed— Continued. „ ^f.'^^'x^T 

price averages-continued. Bulletin No. 

May 15, 1914 ^04 

June 15, 1914 611 

July 15, 1914 615 

August 15, 1914 620 

September 15, 1914 629 

October 15, 1914 641 

November 15, 1914 645 

December 15, 1914 651 

February 15, 1915 665 

March 15, 1915 672 

prices paid by farmers — 

Februiuy 15, 1914 584 

March 15, 1914 590 

April 15, 1914 598 

May 15, 1914 604 

June 15, 1914 611 

July 15, 1914 615 

August 15, 1914 • 620 

September 15, 1914 629 

October 15, 1914 641 

November 15, 1914 645 

February 15, 1915 665 

prices paid by producers — 

October 15, 1913, 1914, by States 041 

November 15, 1913, 1914, bv States 645 

December 15, 1914, by States : 651 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 

March 15, 1915, by States 672 

Tobacco — 

acreage — 

1914 629 

and production, 1914, estimates 611 

1914, by types and districts 611 

production, vield, and price, by types, 1910-1913 570 

yield, and production, 1911-1913 570 

yield and production, 1913, by States 570 

yield and production, 1914, estimates 620 

yield, production, and value, 1899-1914 645 

yield, production, and value, 1912-1914 645 

yield, production, and value, 1913, 1914, by States 645 

crop — 

forecasts from condition in specific months _. 641 

production and value, 1913, comparisons, leading States, 

etc 570 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 

July 1, 1914, by types and districts 611 

August 1, 1914 615 

September 1, 1914 620 

October 1, 1914 629 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

forecast and price, September 1, 1914, by States 620 

farm prices — 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 

October 1, 1914 629 

December 1, 1914, by States. . . ._ 645 

growers, currency for warehouse receipts, plan 620 

price averages — 

December 1, 1913 570 

December 1, 1899-1914 645 

prices, by types, 1910-1913 570 

production in five leading States, 1914 645 

value comparisons, 1914, with other years 651 



20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 
27 
27 

21 
20 
20 
20 
37 
35 
33 
30 
38 
43 
27 

37 
42 
26 
26 
26 



2 

30 

7-10 

11 

8 
30 

2 
22 

4 
35 



9-10 

20 

15 

30 

7-10 

28 

2 

2 

23 
26 

30 

3 

35 

11-14 



23 

11 

5 

?-9 



64 AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 

Farmers' 

Tobacco — Continued. Bulletin No. Page. 

value per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 645 23 

yield and production, 1912, 1913 563 2 

yield and production, 1914 629 3 

yield and production, 1914, estimates 615 2 

f 604 21 

yield, 1914, by States, estimates I 611 38 

i 615 36 

yiel 1 p3r acre, 1933-1913 | l^^ ^l 

yield, production and quality, 1913 563 5-6 

yield, production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 641 2 

yield, production and quality, 1913, by States 563 12 

yield, production and quality, 1914, by States 641 29 

Tomatoes — 

crop condition — 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 19 

July 1, 1914, by States 611 34 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 31 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 30 

in Florida^ 

April 1, 1914 590 10 

May 1, 1914 598 14 

June 1, 1914 604 8 

March 1, 1915 665 5 

April 1, 1915 672 7 

farm prices, October 15, 1914, by States .• 641 35 

price averages — 

July 15, 1914 615 35 

August 15, 1914 620 33 

September 1, 1914 629 30 

October 15, 1914 641 38 

production, 1913, percentage, by States 560 12 

yield and production, 1914, by States 629 26 

Trade reports, consular, aid in crop estimation 581 49 

Transcaucasia^ 

barley crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 21 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1911, acreage and production 581 29 

oat crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 16 

rye crop, 1911, acreage and production 581 23 

wheat crop, 1911, acreage and production 575 42 

Transportation, farm products, concentration and storage-in-transit 

arrangements 672 15-16 

Transvaal, potato crops, 1910-1912 581 25 

Tunis- 
barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 21 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production^ 581 16 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 42 

Turkey — 

citrus fruits, crop conditions, 1914, consular report 629 13 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 575 42 

Turkeys — 

farm prices — • 

October 15, 1914 641 38 

November 15, 1914 645 43 

December 15, 1914 651 27 

October 15, 1914, by States 641 34 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 42 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 23 

Turnips, farm prices — 

February 15, 1914 584 21 

November 15, 1914 645 43 

December 15, 1914 651 27 

November 15, 1914, by States 645 40 

December 15, 1914, by States 651 25 



INDEX, 



65 



Farmers' 

Turnips, farm prices— Continued. Bulletin No. Page. 

February 15, 1915, by States 665 25 

February 15, 1915 565 27 

Union of South Africa — 

barley crops, 1911-1913 581 21 

corn crops, 1911-1913 581 5 

oat crops, 1911-1913 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, by Provinces 581 25 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, production 575 43 

United Kingdom — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. 581 20 

cattle hides, exports and imports 615 20 

cotton imports from United States, 1911-1914 641 12 

food production and requirements, percentages 641 20 

foodstuffs, production, imports and exports, value 641 22 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 581 16 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 581 25 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 23 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries . . 575 42 

wheat imports into, 1914, by countries from which consigned. . . 611 23 

Uruguay — 

cattle hides, exports from, 1910 615 20 

cattle, number, 1900, 1908 615 21 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 5 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 581 28 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 581 15 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 575 41 

Utah- 
beet sugar industry, 1912-1913 570 13 

beet sugar, production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 598 10 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 615 10 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Veal, consumption, 1900, 1909 575 26 

Vegetable crops — 

condition, 1913 588 14 

production — 

1913, percentage by States 560 13-14 

1911-1913, yearly percentage 563 3 

Vegetables — 

crop conditions — 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 19 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 33 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 30 

1913, on specific dates, notes 560 7 

production — 

1912-1914, percent^e of full crops 641 3 

imports and exports, value, by countries 641 22 

yield and production, 1914, by States 629 26 

See also Besins; Cabbages; Cauliflower: Onions; Potatoes; Sweet 
Potatoes; Tomatoes. 
Velvet beans — 



crop conditions in Florida, 1914 

production, 1914, in Florida, percentage 

Venezuela — • 

cattle hides, exports from, 1912 

cattle, number, 1909 

Vermont. See under name of specific product, by States. 
Victoria — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production.. 

corn crops, 1911-12, acreage and production 



604 


8 


611 


11 


620 


5 


629 


12 


641 


6 


645 


10 


615 


20 


615 


21 


581 


21 


581 


6 



66 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Victoria — Continued. 

oat crops, 1911-12, acreage and production. 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

Virginia — 

crop conditions, changes, etc. , July, 1914 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

Wages — 
farm — 

1914-15 

March 1, 1915, by States 

in terms of farm products 

increase in foreign countries 

increase, variations, tendencies, etc 

rates by divisions 

rates for different sections 

variations, 1893-1913, by States 

with and without board, 1893-1913, by States 

harvest, with and without board, 1893-1913, by States 

Wagon loads, farm products 

Wales — • 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

crops, 1913, 1914 (with England), acreage and production. 

live stock (with England), 1911-1914 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production. 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

Walnuts — 

crop conditions in California— 



1913. 



1914. 



in Florida and California, 1914. 



June 1, 1914, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

August 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1914, by States. 



Farmers' 




uUetin No. 


Page. 


581 


16 


581 


25 


581 


23 


575 


43 



615 



Walnuts, black — 
farm prices — 

October 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

February 15, 1915, by States 

price averages — 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

War, European — 

effect in prohibiting cereal exports 66b 

effect on exports of horses 651 

Washington — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Watermelons, crop condition — 



665 


8 


665 


20-21 


570 


21 


584 


9 


584 


7-9 


570 


20-21 


584 


8-9 


584 


18 


584 


16-17 


584 


17 


672 


12 


581 


20 


620 


16 


620 


16 


581 


16 


581 


25 


575 


42 


558 


14 


560 


8 


563 


7 


604 


8 


611 


11 


620 


5 


629 


12 


641 


6 


641 


37 


645 


39 


651 


24 


665 


24 


641 


38 


645 


43 


65] 


27 


665 


27 


665 


8 


651 


3-4 


615 


11 


598 


14 


604 


8 


611 


11 


620 


5 


604 


17 


611 


33 


615 


31 


620 


3,30 



INDEX. 



67 



Weather conditions — 

cotton, corn, and wheat regions, diagrams * 

in relation to crops, discussion 

relation to crops, August, 1913 

Webster, F. M., article on "Hessian fly" 

West Virginia — ■ 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Western Australia — 

barley crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production , 

corn crop, 1911 

oat crops, 1911-12, acreage and production 

potato crops, 1910-12, acreage and production 

rye crops, 1911-1913. acreage and production 

wheat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production 

Wheat- 
acreage— 

abandoned, 1913-1914 

1914, by States 

of world, 1915, article by Charles M. Daugherty 

production and condition, 1913-14 

production and value, 1912-1914 , 

reduction in countries at war 

sown, autumn, 1913, by States 

yield and production, 1913 

yield and production, 1913, by States 

yield and production, 1914, estimates 

yield, production, and value — 

1911-1913 

1899-1914 

1913, 1914, by States 

condition — 

and forecast. May 1, 1914 ■ 

and price, April 1, 1915 

and price, June 1, 1914, by States 

and price, April 1, 1915, by States 

consumption by live stock, factors influencing, outlook 

consumption, monthly, July, 1913-July, 1914 

crop — 

condition — 

and outlook, 1914 

and prices. May 1, 1914, by States 

September 1, 1913, by States 

December 1, 1913, acreage, etc, discussion 

December 1, 1913, by States 

April 1, 1914, by States 

July 1, 1914, by States 

December 1, 1914 

December 1, 1914, by States 

1913-14, consumption, movement, stocks, etc 

estimates and area sown, September 1, 1913, prices, etc... 

1913, estimates and forecasts, by States 

1914, export supply, demand, etc 

forecasts from condition in specific months 

foreign outlook, 1914 

movement, cars required 

1914, movement, relation of car supply 

of England and Wales, 1913, 1914, acreage and production, 
of the Southern Hemisphere 

1913, production and value, comparisons, leading States, etc 

1914, surplus, estimates .-i 



Farmers' 




Bulletin No. 


Page. 


615 


37-41 


560 


16-17 


558 


1-2 


611 


12-16 



615 



581 


21 


581 


■ 6 


581 


16 


581 


25 


581 


23 


575 


43 


590 


10 


672 


21 


672 


7-9 


590 


10 


645 


4 


672 


8 


570 


34-35 


560 


3 


570 


26-27 


620 


2 


570 


8 


645 


22 


645 


25-27 


598 


1-3 


672 


1-2 


604 


12 


672 


21 


629 


5-6 


629 


5 


611 


3-5 


598 


15 


558 


15 


570 


19-20 


570 


34-35 


590 


14 


611 


27 


645 


7-8 


645 


37 


629 


4-5 


558 


7-9 


560 


9 


611 


4-5 


641 


4 


598 


4-6 


604 


8-9 


611 


5-6 


615 


11-13 


611 


24 


611 


23-26 


620 


16 


645 


15-17 


570 


7 


629 


5 



68 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Wheat — Continued. Farmers 

crop — continued . r 

world, 1914 f 

world, 1914, shortage, demand, etc 

crops — 

1912-1914 { 

acreage and production, 1911-1913 

world , 1891-1913 

world, acreage and production, 1911-1913, by countries 

durum — 

exports, 1907-1912 

exports, 1910-1914 

movement, 1912-13 

receipts at important markets, 1910-1914, yearly 

receipts at principal markets, 1907-1912, yearly 

exports— 

1901, 1913 

March 1 to July 1, 1914, comparisons 

monthly, July, 1913-July, 1914 

to United Kingdom, 1914, during specific periods 

1913 (with flour) 

farm prices — 

November 1, 1913 

December 1, 1913, by States 

April 1, 1914, by States 

May 1, 1914 

August 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914, by States 

December 1, 1914, by States 

January 1, 1915, by States 

fed to live stock, relation of failure of corn crop, etc 

food requirements, per capita and' total, by States 

foreign crops, estimates for 1913 

harvest, duration in Northern and Southern Hemispheres, 

movement, etc , 

hdi'vest, world's progress, monthly 

in interior mills and elevators, March 1, 1912-1914, by States. . 

movement, monthly 

on farms, March 1 to July 1, 1910-1913, disposition, accuracy of 

estimates, etc 

percentage of crop shipped out of county where grown, March 1, 

1913-1914, by States 

price averages — 

September 1, 1913 

October 1, 1913 

December 1, 1913 

September 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914 

December 1, 1914 

December, 1899-1914 

February 15, 1915 

March 15, 1915 

April 15, 1915 

prices — 

at market centers May 1, 1914 

at market centers, June 1, 1914 

at market centers, July 1, 1914 - 

at market centers, August 1, 1914 

at market centers, September 1, 1914 

at market centers, October 1, 1914 

at market centers, November 1, 1914 

at market centers, December 1, 1914 

at market centers, January 2, 1915 

at market centers, March 1, 1915 



tin No 


. Page, 


629 


6-7 


641 


7-9 


629 


6 


641 


9 


575 


41 


575 


31-32 


575 


41-43 


570 


23 


615 


15 




23 


615 


15 


570 


23 


629 


6 


665 


3 


629 


5 


611 


23 


570 


19 


563 


2 


570 


26-27 


590 


18 


598 


3 


615 


2 


629 


3 


641 


33 


645 


2^27 


651 


20 


598 


3^ 


629 


18 


558 


8-9 


645 


15-16 


604 


10 


584 


12 


629 


5 



584 
584 



2-3 
12 



558 


8 


560 


3 


570 


8 


620 


2 


641 


38 


645 


43 


645 


23 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


38 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


39 


645 


44 


651 


28 


665 


28 



INDEX. 



69 



Wheat — Continued. Farmers' 

prices— continued. Bulletin No. 

at market centers, April 1, 1915 672 

September 1, 1913, by States 558 

October 1, 1913, by States 560 

March 1, 1914, by States 584 

August 1, 1914, by States 615 

September 1, 1914, by States 620 

October 1, 1914, by States 629 

variations, note 598 

production — 

and consumption, average annual 611 

Argentina, Chile, and Australia, 1913-1914 665 

forecast, 1913 590 

in leading five States, 1914 645 

movement to increase 672 

outside of Europe, 1912, 1913, 1914 629 

per capita, 1911-1913 604 

purchasing power of 1 acre, 1899-1913 645 

regions, weather conditions and progress of crops, 1914, by weeks 629 

regions, weather conditions and progress of crops, diagrams 615 

requirements for food, 1914-15 629 

seed — 

preparation for sowing 584 

quantity required, 1914-15 629 

treatment for prevention of smut, directions 584 

seeding, increase in cotton States, 1914 651 

seeding, quantity per acre, list of countries 672 

shipped into cotton States, quantity and value by States 

importing 645 

sowing to avoid the Hessian fly, time, seed bed, etc 611 

spring — 

acreage — 

1914, 1915 672 

1914, by States 604 

condition and prices, June 1, 1914, by States 604 

yield, and production, 1913 560 

yield, and production, 1913, by States. 570 

vield, production, and value— 

1911-1913, 570 

1912-1914 645 

1913, 1914, by States 645 

condition and outlook, 1914 611 

crop condition — 

and forecast, September 1, 1914, by States 620 

at harvest, 1914, comparisons 620 

July 1, 1914 611 

crop estimate and area sown, September 1, 1913 558 

estimates and forecasts, 1913, by States 560 

farm prices — 

October 1, 1914 629 

December 1, 1913, by States 570 

forecasts of production from crop condition in specific 

months 641 

price averages, December 1, 1913 570 

prices, October 1, 1914, by States 629 

production by varieties, 1914 665 

production in leading five States, 1914 645 

yield — 

and production, 1914 i g2Q 

and production, 1914, estimates 615 

June 1, 1914, by States, estimates 598 

July 1, 1914, by States, estimates 604 

August 1, 1914, by States, estimates 611 

September 1, 1914, by States, estimates 615 

production, and quality, 1914, by States <)29 



15 
9 
12 
23 
22 
19 
3 

4 

6 

10 

5 

7-8 

. 6 

11 

21 

34-35 

39-41 

5 

6 

5 

6 

8 

11 

13 

14-16 



8-9 

12 

12 

3 

26-27 



4 

26 

6 

23 
2 

27 



3 

26-27 



20 

4-5 

5 

24 
3 
2 
21 
21 
38 
36 
20 



70 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Wheat— Continued. Farmers 

stocks — B 

movement and position, monthly, July, 1913-July, 1914 . . . 

on farms, crop condition and prices, July 1, 1914, by States. . 

on farms, March 1, 1914 

on farms, March 1, 1915 

on farms, March 1, 1914, by States 

prices and movement, March 1, 1915, by States 

supplies — 

and requirements 

March 1, 1915. 

on farms and in commercial channels at first of month 

surplus and deficiencies, 1909-1915, by States 

value comparisons, 1914, with other years 

value per acre, with comparisons, 1899-1914 

weight per bushel, by States < 

winter — 

acreage sown, 1914, by States 

production in leading five States, 1914 

world crop — 

acreage for 1915, effect of European war, discussion 

per cent and amount harvested each month 

shortage 

world crops, 1912-1914, by countries 

yield — 

and production, 1912, 1913 

and production, 1914 < 

June 1, 1914, by States, estimates 

July 1, 1914, by States, estimates 

per acre, 1903-1913 

per acre, averages, 1903-1913 

per acre, 1866-1870, 1909-1913, averages, comparisons 

production and quality, averages, 1913, 1914 

White, G. C, article on "Car supply in relation to marketing the 

wheat crop of 1914" 

Winter wheat. See Wheat. 
Wisconsin — 

beet sugar, production, factories, etc., 1911-1913 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 
Wool- 
farm prices — 

March 15, 1914, by States 

April 15, 1914, by States 

May 15, 1914, by States 

June 15, 1914, by States 

November 15, 1914, by States 

December 15, 1914, by States 

Febniary 15, 1915, by States 

March 15, 1915, by States 

farm receipts from, total and average per farm, 1910 

price averages — 

February 15, 1914 : 

April 15, 1914 

Mav 15, 1914 

June 15, 1914 

July 15, 1914 

August 15, 1914 

September 15, 1914 

October 15, 1914 

November 15, 1914 

December 15, 1914 

February 15, 1915 

April 15, 1915 



;in No 


Pafje. 


629 


5 


611 


28 


584 


1 


665 


1 


584 


12 


665 


15 


629 


5-6 


665 


2-3 


629 


5 


629 


18 


651 


8-9 


645 


23 


563 


12 


641 


29 


645 


37 


645 


5 


641 


7-8 


604 


10 


641 


9 


641 


9 


563 


2 


615 


2,24 


629 


3 


598 


21 


604 


21 


558 


7 


570 


18 


620 


15 


641 


2 



611 23-26 



615 


6 


590 


19 


598 


19 


604 


19 


611 


35 


645 


38 


651 


22 


665 


23 


672 


24 


570 


3 


584 


21 


598 


20 


604 


20 


611 


37 


615 


35 


620 


33 


629 


30 


641 


38 


645 


43 


651 


27 


665 


27 


672 


27 



INDEX. 71 



Wool — Continued . 

prices at market centers — 

May 1, 1914 

June 1, 1914 

July 1, 1914 

August 1, 1914 

September 1, 1914 

October 1, 1914 

November 1, 1914 

December 1, 1914 

January 1, 1915 

March 1, 1915 

April 1, 1915 

piices, range for different grades, at Boston, 1899-1913 

production, 1913, value and comparisons 

Btock in manufacturers' hands, January 1, 1915 

tariff rates before and after December 1, 1913 

weight per fleece, 1913, 1914, by States 

World crops — 

barley crop, importance, dihtribution, international, etc., dis- 
cussion • 

bailey crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries. . 

corn crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 

flax crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries 

flaxseed crops, 1910-1912, by countries 

oat crop, distribution, production, etc., discussion 

oat crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 

potato crops, 1910-1912, acreage and production, by countries. . 

rye crop, importance, distribution, etc., discussion 

rye crops, 1911-1913, acreage and production, by countries 

wheat crop, 1914 

wheat crops, 1912-1914, by countries 

Wyoming — 

crop conditions, changes, etc., July, 1914 

losses from hog cholera, yearly average 

See also under name of specific product, by States. 

o 



Farmers' 






Bulletin No. 


Page. 


598 




20 


604 




20 


611 




37 


615 




35 


620 




33 


629 




30 


641 




39 


645 




44 


651 




28 


665 




28 


672 




28 


575 




16 


570 




17 


665 




7 


575 




29 


611 




35 


581 


18- 


-21 


581 


20-21 


581 




5-6 


581 


28- 


-30 


581 


28- 


-30 


581 


12 


-16 


581 


15 


-16 


581 


23 


-25 


581 


21 


-23 


581 


22 


-23 


629 


1 


6-7 


641 




9 


615 




10 


590 




2 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 




::ons from Various Bureaus of the Department 
September 11. 1913. 




AGmCULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



WEATHER CONDITIONS DURING THE PAST MONTH WITH 
RELATION TO CROPS. 

The severe heat that had prevailed over the middle western dis- 
tricts during the latter part of June and nearly the Avhole of July 
was maintained with but slight breaks throughout August, and 
durmg the first week of the present month, with even more severity 
than duruig July. 

For the month of August as a whole the average temperature was 
above the normal over the entire country save at a few points along 
the Atlantic coast and in the lake region, where the averages were 
normal or slightly less. 

In the great central valjeys the temperature averaged abnormally 
high, the excess above the normal in Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma 
and portions of surrounding States ranging from 6° to 10° per dav. 
In the central portion of the excessively heated area, afternoon 
temperatures of 100° or higher were of almost daily occurrcjice 
during the month, and occasionally they rose to 110°, especially in 
Kansas and Oklahoma, exceeding in some cases the severe heat 
wave of the summer of 1901 in the same region. Durmg the night 
hours the temperatures frequently did not go below 75°, and occa- 
sionally not below 80°, thus adding greatly to the discomfort of 
both human and animal life. Over the outlyhig districts temper- 
ature extremes were not unusual, the month as a whole bemg mod- 
erately cool over the Atlantic coast districts. 

Precipitation during August was deficient over nearly the entire 
country and especially over the corn and cotton growing districts. 
In the great corn and cotton growing States of the trans-Mississippi 
region the precipitation was greatly deficient, the amounts over por- 
tions of Kansas, Oklahoma, and surrounding States, where excessive 
heat prevailed, being but a few tenths of an inch, and at some points 
no appreciable precipitation occurring during the entire month. 
Over the eastern portions of the cotton belt and the southern portion 
8841°— Bull. 558—13 1 



2 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 558. 

oi the corn belt to eastward of the Mississippi there was likewise a 
large donciency in the precipitation. 

For the first week in September heat and drought conditions con- 
tinued unabated throughout nearly the entire corn and cotton grow- 
ing districts, the heat being even more excessive than for any previous 
week of the summer and the precipitation as a whole probably the 
least for any smce the beginning of the season over the principal 
crop-growing districts. 

As a result of the extreme heat and lack of rainfall over such an 
important portion of the agricultural districts of the countiy there 
has been a great reduction in the crop prospects over large regions 
between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, and a 
material reduction in many districts to the eastward. The corn-crop 
prospects as a whole have been greatly reduced; not since the great 
drought of June and July, 1901, has there been such widespread 
injury to that crop, and it is probable that the damage from the 
adverse weather of the present season will finally exceed that of 1901. 

In the same region grass and other forage crops have been greatly 
injured, and the feeding of stock has already become necessary, with 
prospects of an insufficient supply for the coming winter. 

In the cotton region the weathei- during August and the first week 
of September has been unfavorable over much of the region to west- 
ward of the Mississippi, but to the eastward it has been moderately 
favorable. 

In the spring-wheat region the weather during the past month has 
been exceptionally favorable, and the wheat crop was harvested under 
favorable conditions ; thrasliing has Ukewise proceeded without serious 
interruptions. 

As a result of the deficiency in rainfall the water supply, both for 
domestic use and for stock, has become gi'catly reduced, especially in 
the Middle and Southern Plains States and portions of Missouri and 
Iowa, and it has seriously diminished the supply in some of the more 
eastern portions of the country, especially in the southern drainage of 
the Ohio River and in central New York and northern Pennsylvania. 

C. F. Marvin, 
Chief Weather Bureau. 



APPLE OUTLOOK. 

Tne outlook is distinctly for an "off year" crop of apples. This 
is to some extent an effect of the generally abundant crop of 1912 in 
the more important commercial districts, which interfered with the 
formation of fruit buds in orchards where full vigor of growth was 
not maintained by adequate cultivation, fertilization, and spraying. 



AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 3 

Untimely frosts and in some sections excessive rains at the blos- 
soming time reduced the set of fruit on important commercial varieties 
in practically all the important districts, both east and west. East of 
the one-hundredth meridian the prolonged high temperature and 
deficient rainfall, which in considerable portions of the territory still 
continue unbroken, have prevented that development of large-sized 
fruit which sometimes occurs in a light crop year. 

In scattered localities and limited districts the conditions are more 
favorable than throughout the country generally, and where thor- 
oughly efficient culture and spraying have been practiced the pros- 
pective yield and quality of certam varieties are promising. This 
is the case with Greenings and Spys in the Lake Region, York Impe- 
rial in southeastern Pennsylvania, Pippins in the Blue Ridge section 
of Virginia, and Jonathan in portions of the Ozark region. Baldwin 
and Ben Davis, which are the varieties most largely represented in 
the older orchards of the "barrel" apple territory, are generally 
reported light in yield. 

The Rocky Mountain and Pacific apple districts, which constitute 
the distinctive box apple territory, generally report the crop condi- 
tion as considerably lower than last year. The largely increased area 
of orchard now coming into bearing age each year in the Pacific 
Northwest tends to counterbalance this, however, so that the outturn 
of fruit in that region is likely to be heavier than the condition figures 
would indicate. 

Reports regarding the apple crop in foreign countries indicate 
greatly reduced yields in Canada and in Great Britain, France, and 
Germany. The outlook for export demand for merchantable apples 
is excellent. 

Present indications are that the entire product of sound and clean 
fruit of good keeping quality will be needed to meet the consuming 
demand. 

Long continuance of high temperatures or of moisture deficiency 
beyond September 10 would be hkely to cause a material lowering 
of both quantity and quality of apples in barrel districts. 

William A. Taylor, 
Chief Bureau of Plant Industry. 



POTATO OUTLOOK. 

The heavy hold-over crop from last season, the low prices, and 
general demoralization of the potato trade last autumn caused a 
sHght shrinkage in acreage, especially in the late-potato districts. 
This, together with the adverse climatic conditions which have 
prevailed during the early growing season in portions of the territory, 



4 FARMEES' BULLETIN 558. 

will tend to reduce the crop Ijelow the yield of last 3^ear and slightly 
below the 10-year average. The superlative condition of the crop 
in certain areas will tend to counteract this condition, but most of 
the areas that promise bountiful harvests this season gave large 
yields last season. It must be remembered, however, that in early 
September the crop is not yet made and a short period of cool, favor- 
able weather may cause a great improvement in areas where the 
condition of the crop is backward. On the contrary, a period of 
adversity may greatly reduce yields in areas giving great promise 
at this time. The present outlook is for a sufficient supply for the 
normal needs of the country, but the total harvest will undoubtedly 
be much less than last season. 

The crop in Maine promises the largest harvest yet recorded; the 
conditions in Mchigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota 
are normal, while the conditions in portions of Colorado are much 
better than at this time last year. Present indications are that the 
T^nelds will be light in ^lassachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and 
Ohio, and as a large percentage of the aggregate crop is produced in 
this territory, the result will be felt in the markets of the East. The 
areas promising normal or shghtly increased yields will without 
doubt make up any deficiency that might result from a short crop 
in the North Atlantic States, so that for the country as a whole the 
crop promises to be ample. Stated in percentages, the average con- 
dition of the crop is 10 per cent below the 10-year average, but 
about 10 per cent above the condition for the same season in 1911, 

L. C. COEBETT, 

Assistant Chief Bureau of Plant Industry. 



HOG CHOLERA. 

Hog cholera has existed in the United States for 75 3^ears, and it is 
safe to say that in each of the last 25 years the farmers of this country 
hare lost millions of hogs from this disease. It is estimated that 
during the year 1912 approximately $60,000,000 worth of hogs died 
of hog cholera. 

The United States Department of Agriculture has been engaged 
continuously for more than 25 years in endeavoring to discover some 
method of preventuig or curing hog cholera. As is now quite generally 
known, these experiments of tlie department finall}' resulted in the 
discover}^ of a serum that will prevent the disease when properly 
prepared and administered. The results of these experiments of the 
Department of Agriculture were brought to the attention of the 
authorities in all of the States, and as a result approximately 30 
different States are engaged in the distribution of antihog-cholera 



AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 

serum to farmers. This work has undoubtedl}^ resulted m a great 
savmg to the individual farmer, but it has not resulted m the eradi- 
cation or noticeable dimmution of the disease in the country as a 
whole. The Department of Agriculture believes that, w^ith this 
serum to use as a basis, a country- wide campaign looking to the 
elimination or control of hog cholera should be undertaken. Congress 
has recognized the importance of such work by an appropriation of 
$75,000, wdiich became available on July 1 of this year. This ap- 
propriation authorizes the Dej^artment of Agriculture to demonstrate 
the best methods of controlling hog cholera and the work thus 
authorized has already begun, although, owing to the small amount 
of money available, it is necessarily restricted to a few localities. 

The United States Department of Agriculture believes that success 
in any attempt to eradicate hog cholera will depend upon the estab- 
lishment of efficient organizations by the State and Federal Govern- 
ments, which will work together. Tliey must, however, have the 
full cooperation and support of the farmers. With the organizations 
perfected the idea is that when hog cholera breaks out on one farm 
it will be the duty of those organizations then and there to restrict 
the disease to the one farm where it already exists by instituting 
suitable measures of quarantine and also by the administration of the 
protective serum to the droves on adjoining farms. As already 
indicated, the department is now testing out in a few counties this 
method of combating hog cholera. In the meantime, while the 
necessary information preliminary to a general campaign against hog 
cholera is being secured, farmers may do much to protect themselves 
and help to restrict the disease hj a careful observance of a few 
simple rules, such as the following: 

(1) Do not locate hog lots near a public highway, a railroad, or 
a stream. The germ of hog cholera may be carried along any one of 
these avenues. 

(2) Do not allow strangers or neighbors to enter your hog lots and 
do not go into your neighbor's lots. The germ of hog cholera may be 
readily carried in a small amount of dirt on the shoes. 

(3) Do not put new stock, either hogs or cattle, in lots mth the 
herd akeady on the farm. Newly purchased ho^s should be put in 
separate inclosures well separated from the herd on the farm, and 
kept under observation for three wrecks, because practically all stock 
cars, unloading chutes, and pens are infected with hog cholera and 
hogs shipped by rail are therefore apt to contract hog ciiolera. 

(4) Hogs sent to fairs should be quarantined for at least three 
weeks after they return to the farm. 

(5) If hog cholera breaks out on a farm, separate the sick from 
the apparently healthy animals and burn aU carcasses of dead ani- 
mals on the day of death. Do not leave them unburned, for this 
will endanger all other farmers in the neighborhood. Dogs, crows, 
or buzzards may transport particles of flesh from dead hogs and thus 
carry the disease. 



g FARMERS BULLETIN 558. 

(6) If after the observance of all possible precautions hog cholera 
appears on 5^our farm, notify the State veterinarian, or State Agri- 
cultural college, and secure serum for the treatment of those not 
affected. The early application of the serum is essential. 

The Department of Agriculture does not distribute tliis hog-cholera 
serum direct to farmers. The department produces only such serum 
as is required for its own experimental work. Farmers, therefore, 
should appeal to their own State officials. 

Marion Dorset, 
Chief BiocJiemic Dividon, Bureau of Animal Industry. 



AGRICULTURAL FORECAST. 

GENERAL REVIEW. 

By September 1 the crop season is usually sufficiently advanced to 
enable one to form a reasonably accurate estimate of the final out- 
turn, whether above or below average. On September 1 of this 
5-ear the composite average condition of all crops was 10.1 per cent 
below the average of the 10 years 1903-1912, and indicates smaller 
yields per acre than in any one of these 10 years. The month of 
August was unusually unfavorable, for conditions on August 1 were 
only 6.1 per cent below the average level. Compared with a year 
ago prospects are now about 12.2 per cent poorer. Last year crop 
prospects improved steadily as the season advanced, final outturn 
being the largest on record; this year, on the other hand, from the 
beginning of the season to September 1, prospects have tended 
downward as the season has advanced. 

The aggregate acreage of all crops does not usually vary much 
from one year to another. This ye-ar the aggregate is about 1 per 
cent more than last year (the increase being due to a smaller amount 
of winterkilling of wheat this year) and about one-half of 1 per 
cent more than the acreage in crops tv/o years ago. 

Coincident with the decline in crop prospects during the past 
month, prices for staple crops made an unusual increase. Usually 
the average of prices received by producers for crops decreases 
during August, the average decrease in the past five years being 
4.4 per cent; but during the past month the average level increased 
8.7 per cent. In August of 1912 the price level decreased about 
7 per cent. The price level on September 1 was 0.9 per cent lower 
than a year ago, 3.8 per cent lower than two years ago, and 0.3 per 
cent higher than the average September 1 prices of staple crops of 
the past five years. Prices of meat animals decreased slightly from 
July 15 to August 15 (0.7 per cent), compared with an increase of 
3.6 per cent in like month of last year and an increase of 6.2 per 



AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 7 

cent two years ago. The level, however, is stiU unusually high, 
the index price of meat animals on August 15 being 9.S per cent 
higher than on August 15 last year, 22.7 per cent higher than two 
years ago, and 8 per cent higher than three years ago. 

Table 1.— General condition of all crops, by States, as reported Sept. 1; comparisons 
are icilh aggregate average crop prospect on Sept. 1 of recent years (mostly 10 years). 



States or Territories. 



llaino 

Now Uampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Khode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 





10- 


1913 


year 




aver- 




age. 


95.3 


100 


88.0 


100 


9<i.l 


100 


100.2 


100 


97.2 


100 


00.7 


100 


90.7 


100 


9G.4 


100 


96.2 


100 


92.0 


100 


90.4 


100 


102.1 


100 


89.5 


100 


102.1 


100 


100.4 


100 


98.0 


100 


104.7 


100 



states or Territories. 



Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Nortli Dakota . 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi . . . . 
Louisiana 



96.5 
93.7 
78. 
92.4 
108. 
IWi. U 
101.9 
65.1 
95.4 
87.1 
72.8 
58. 7 
74.9 
83.5 
92.4 
92. 9 
97.2 



10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 



100 
ICO 
100 
100 
ICO 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
lOO 
100 
100 
100 



states or Territories. 



Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

\\yoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Orcsion 

California 

United States. 



1913 



95.1 
63.7 
92.3 
95.1 
91.0 
89.9 
83.5 
114.3 
88.5 
103.5 
100.2 
102.7 
102.8 
84.7 
89.9 



10- 
year 
aver- 



100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 



Table 



-Index figures of yield per acre of ten products, 100 representing the average 
yield per acre of the 10 years, 1903-1912. 





Corn. 


Wheat. 


Oats. 


Barley. 


Pota- 
toes. 


Hay. 


Cotton. 


To- 
bacco. 


Flax. 


■Rye. 


10 crops 
com- 
bined. 


1912 

1911 

1910 

1909 

1908 

1907 

1900 

1905 

1904 

1903 


108 
89 

103 
95 
97 
90 

112 

107 
99 
94 


113 

88 
98 
110 
99 
99 
110 
lO.'^ 
89 
91 


126 
82 
100 
100 
84 
80 
105 
114 
108 
95 


117 
83 
89 
91 
99 
94 
111 
105 
107 
104 


118 
84 
9S 

111 
89 
99 

107 
91 

115 
SS 


103 
77 
93 
100 
107 
1'2 
95 
108 
107 
108 


102 
112 

91 

83 
104 

96 
109 
100 
110 

93 


95 
109 
98 
98 
100 
103 
104 
99 
99 
95 


1C9 
78 
58 
104 
107 
100 
113 
123 
115 
93 


104 
97 
69 
100 
102 
102 
lOt 
102 
94 
96 


109 
90 
98 
97 
99 
95 
107 
105 
103 
90 


190.3-12 

1913' 


100 
80 


100 
107 


100 
93 


100 
90 


100 

88 


100 
92 


100 
91 


100 
91 


100 
93 


100 

101 


100 

89 



' Indicated Sept. 1. 

It may be observed from the above table that rye and wheat are 
the only two crops that promise above then- 10-year average yield 
per acre; and that the average for all of the crops is lower than any 
of the 10 years. 

THE CEREAL CROPS. 

SPRING WHEAT. 

The information gathered by the bureau indicated a condition of 
75.3 at harvest time, as against 90.8 in 1912 and 76.9 for a 10-year 
average. This justifies a forecast of 13 bushels per acre, compared 
with 17.2 bushels in 1912 and an average yield of 13.3 bushels for 



8 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 558. 

tlio years 1008 to 1912; and a total production on the planted area 
of 18,663,000 acres previously estimated, which is 3 per cent less 
than the estimated area in 1912, of 243,000,000 bushels, as against 
330,000,000 bushels m 1912 and 191,000,000 bushels in 1911. This 
is an increase of 4.3 per cent over the production forecast for last 
month, which is principally due to more favorable conditions in 
North Dakota and Minnesota. 

WINTER WHEAT. 

The winter wheat crop of 1913, according to the information 
gathered by the bureau on August 1, is ostixaatcd to be 511,000,000 
bushels, which would bo the largest ever grown in the United States. 
This figure is based upon an acreage of 30,938,000, which is 16.4 per 
cent greater than the acreage of the 1912 crop and the largest of any 
year except 1903, and a yickl of 16.5 bushels per acre, which is higher 
than either the 1912 yield of 15.1 or the five-year average of 15.2 for 
the years 1908 to 1912, and is exceeded only by the record yield of 
16.7 bushels per acre in 1906. 

ALL WHEAT. 

Combining the estimated winter wheat crop of 511,000,000 bushels 
with the forecasted spring wheat crop of 243,000,000 bushels gives 
a total estimated crop of 754,000,000 bushels, which would be the 
largest wheat crop ever produced in the United States, following 
the crop of 730,000,000 bushels in 1012, which was one of the coun- 
try's three largest crops of record, and 621,000,000 in 1911. This 
bumper crop was grown upon 49,601,000 acres, which exceeds the 
1912 acreage by 8 3 per cent, and is the largest acreage of wheat 
ever harvested in this country, with the exception of that of 1901, 
which exceeded it by 295,000 acres. The indicated yield is 15.2 
bushels per acre, which falls below the 15.9 yield of 1912, but is 
above the 14.5 average for the years 1908 to 1912. 

This 'favorable showing results principally from the fine outturn 
of the winter wheat crop, which had been made before the advent 
of the present drought in its main centers of production. The 
improvement of 1.3 per cent over last month's forecast is due mainly 
to improved spring wheat conditions in North Dakota and Minnesota. 

The average price paid producers September 1 was 77.1 cents, 
compared with 77.1 cents on August 1, 85.8 cents at the same date in 
1912, and a five-year average of 90.1 cents. 

The International Institute of Agriculture at Rome, Italy, cables 
under date of August 23 an estimated production of 2,684,000,000 
bushels of wheat in the following countries, wliich is 3.9 percent more 
tlian was produced in the same countries last year; Belgium, Bui- 



AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 

garia, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Luxemburg, Russia: Switzerland, 
United States, Canada (winter wheat), India, Japan^ Algeria, Tunis, 
Prussia, England, Wales, Hungary (excluding Croatia and Slavonia). 

Tliis includes a preliminary estimate of 812,541,000 bushels produc- 
tion for Russia. Preliminary official estimates of wheat production 
for that country in previous years have tended to be somewhat 
excessive. 

This list includes all of the principal wheat-producing countries 
that issue official data of wheat production, except Austria, France, 
Germany outside of Prussia, Roumania, Argentina, Australia, and 
Canada (for spring wheat), which countries produced in 1912 (Aus- 
tralia and Argentina . 1912-1913) approximately 1,033,000,000 
bushels. 

CORN. 

The information gathered by the bureau indicates a condition of 
65.1, compared with 82.1 in 1912 and the 10-year average of 80,9, 
which justifies a forecast of 22 bushels per acre, against a yield of 
29.2 in 1912 and an average of 26.5 for the five j^cars 1908 to 1912. 
This promises the lowest yield since 1901, when it averaged 16.7, and 
upon the estimated area of 106,884,000 acres, which is but two-tenths 
of 1 per cent less than last year, and except for it the largest ever 
planted to corn m this coimtry, it indicates a total production of 
2,351,000,000 bushels, which compares with last year's "bumper" 
crop of 3,125,000,000 bushels, and 2,531,000,000 in 1911, and is the 
lowest since 1903. 

This forecast is 12 per cent lower than that for August 1, owing 
to the increased deterioration from drought in unportant corn States. 
The condition in Kansas is but 10 per cent of a normal, and in tho 
immediately adjoining States of Nebraska, Missouri, and Oklahoma 
ranges near 40. 

The average price paid to producers on September 1 was 75.4, 
compared with 65.4 on August 1, 77.6 on September 1, 1912, and 71.5 
for the five-year average 1907-1911. 

OATS. 

The information gathered by the bureau indicated that the condi- 
tion of the crop at harvest time was 74, as com.pared \\dth 92.3 in 
1912 and a 10-year average of 79.3, which justifies the forecast of a 
yield of 27.8 bushels per acre, against 37.4 in 1912 and 29.7 average 
for the years 1908 to 1912, and a total production of 1,066,000,000 
bushels, compared with 1,418,000,000 in 1912 and 922,000,000 in 
1911. The previously estimated area of 38,341,000 acres planted to 
this crop is 1.1 per cent in excess of last year's acreage, and the 
largest acreage ever harvested in this country. 



10 farmers' bulletin 558. 

This forecasted production, based upon the harvested condition, 
is 3.7 per cent higher than last month's forecast, which was based 
upon the indications on August 1. 

Wliile the indicated production is only about 75 per cent of last 
year's record crop, it is one of the four crops of oats in excess of a 
bilhon bushels. 

The average price paid producers September 1 was 39.3 cents, com- 
pared with 37.6 on August 1, 35 cents at the same date in 1912, and a 
five-year average of 40.7 cents. 

The International Institute of Agriculture estimates a total produc- 
tion of 2,898,000,000 bushels of oats in the countries named below, 
which is 10.3 per cent less than produced in, the same countries last 
year: 

Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Luxemburg, Kussia, 
Switzerland, United States, Japan, Algeria, Tunis, Prussia, England, 
Wales, Hungary (excluding Croatia and Slavonia), 

The figures given for Russia are 1,073,233,000 bushels, and for 
Prussia 398,223,000 bushels. 

These coimtries include all those of importance in the production 
of this cereal that issue official data of its production, except Austria, 
Argentina, Canada, France, Germany outside of Prussia, and Rou- 
mania, which produced in 1912 (Argentina, 1912-13) approximately 
1,173,000,000 bushels. 

BARLEY. 

The information gathered by the bureau indicated that the con- 
dition of barley at time of hai-vest was 73.4, as compared v.-ith 88 9 
in 1912 and a 10-ycar average of 81.1, which justifies a forecast of a 
yield of 23.2 bushels per acre, against 29.7 in 1912 and an average 
of 24 5 for the years 1D08 to 1912. This yield indicates upon the 
previously estimated area of 7,255,000 acres planted to this crop, 
which is 3.7 per cent less than last year, a total probable production 
of 168,000,000 bushels, against 224,000,000 bushels produced in 1912 
and 160,000,000 in 1911. 

There has been no change in the production forecasted from con- 
ditions last month. 

The average price paid producers September 1 was 55.2 cents, 
compared with 50.8 on August 1, 53.5 cents at the same date in 1912, 
and a five-year average of 59.7 cents. 

The International Institute of Agriculture states that the total 
production of barley this year is 1,143,000,000 bushels in the following- 
named countries, which is 0.1 per cent more than produced in the 
game countries last year: 

Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Spam, Italy, Luxemburg, Russia, 
Switzerland, United States, Japan, Algeria, Tunis, Prussia, England, 
Wales, Hungary (excluding Croatia and Slavonia). 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. H 

The figures given for Russia are 479,250,000 bushels. 

These countries inchide all those of importance in the production of 
this cereal that issue official data of its production except Canada, 
France, Germany outside of Prussia, and Roumania, which produced 
in 1912 approximately 195,000,000 bushels. 



The information gathered by the bureau in August indicated that 
the yield was 16.3 bushels per acre, as compared with 16.8 bushels in 
1912 and 16.2, the average for the .years 1908 to 1912, which, upon 
the estimated area of 2,134,000 acres, which is 0.8 per cent greater 
than in 1912, indicates a total production of 35,000,000 bushels, 
against 36,000,000 for 1912 and 33,000,000 in 1911. 

The average price paid producers September 1 was 63 cents, com- 
pared with 60.7 on August 1, 70.8 cents at the same date in 1912, and 
a five-year average of 73.4 ceiits. 

The International Institute of Agriculture reports preUminary 
figures of production in Russia at 895,084,000 bushels, and the total 
production in the following-named countries at 1,408,000,000 bushels, 
wdiich is 8.8 per cent less than was produced in the same countries 
last year: 

Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Spain, Italy, Luxemburg, Russia, 
Switzerland, United States, Prussia, and Hungary (excluding Croatia 
and Slavonia). 

These countries include all those of importance in the production of 
this cereal that issue official data of its production except Austria, 
Canada, France, Germany outside of Prussia, and Roumania, which 
produced in 1912 approximately 288,000,000 bushels. 

BUCKWHEAT. 

The information gathered by the bureau shows a condition of 75.4, 
as agamst 91.6 in 1912 and a 10-year average of 87, which justifies 
a forecast of a yield of 18.2 bushels per arrc, against 22.9 bushels in 
1912 and 21 average for the years 1908 to 1912, indicating a total 
production upon the planted area of 841,000 acres (the same acreage 
as last year) of approximately 15,000,000 bushels, agauist 19,000,000 
bushels in 1912 and 18,000,000 in 1911. This is a reduction in prospec- 
tive production of 11.8 per cent from the forecast of last month, duo 
to drought in New York and Pennsylvania, which two States normally 
produce over two-thirds of the total United States crop. 

The price paid producers on September 1 was 70, compared with 
72.4 August 1, 76.6 on September 1, 1912, and a five-year average 
of 76. 



12 TAEMEES' BULLETIl<r 553. 

RICE. 

The information gathered by the bureau shows a condition on 
September 1 of 88 per cent, compared with 88.8 in 1912 and 89.2 in 

1911, forecasting a yield of 32.8 bushels per acre, against 34.7 in 
1912 and 33.7 in 1911. While the forecasted yield is slightly lower 
than that of the preceding two years, upon the estimated area of 
824,100 acres, which is an increase of 14 per cent over last year, it 
forecasts a total production of approximately 27,000,000 bushels, as 
against 25,000,000 in 1912 and 23,000,000 in 1911. This year's crop 
has the largest acreage and promises the largest production in the his- 
tory of this crop in the United States. 

FLAX. 

The inform.ation gathered by the bureau shows a condition, Sep- 
tember 1, of 74.9, compared with 86.3 in 1912 and a 10-year average 
of 80.9, which justifies a forecast of a yield of 8.4 bushels per acre, 
as compared with 9.8 bushels in 1912 and 8.2 in the years 1908 to 

1912. Upon the estimated area of 2,425,000 acres, representing the 
large reduction of 14.9 per cent from the area in 1912, this indicates 
a probable total production of approximately 20,000,000 bushels, 
compared with 28,000,000 in 1912 and 19,000,000 in 1911. 

The average price paid to producers on September 1 was 127.8 
cents, against 118.6 on August 1, 162.6 on September 1, 1912, and a 
163.8 average for the previous five years. 

The International Institute of Agriculture estimates a production 
of 42,000,000 bushels in Belgium, Spain, United States, India, and 
Japan combined, which is 22.8 per cent less than the same countries 
produced last year. This estimate does not take into account the 
crop of Canada, which was approximately 21,000,000 bushels . in 
1912, nor the crop in Argentina and Australia for 1912-13, which 
aggregated 61,000,000 bushels. 

HAY AND FORAGE. 

The preliminary estimate of the yield of ho}'' indicates an average 
of 1.31 tons per acre this year, which compares with 1.47 tons esti- 
mated last year and 1.43 tons, the 10-year average yield per acre. 
The total production is estimated at 63,460,000 tons, which is 12.7 
per cent less than the production of last year, 15.6 per cent more 
than the short crop of 1911, and 8.5 per cent less than the 1910 crop. 
The quality of the crop is average. 

The alfalfa, millet, and kafir crops are grown heavily where the 
drought this j^^ear is most severe; consequently these crops are par- 
ticularly short. 

The average price of hay (loose) to producers on September 1 was 
$11.89 per ton, as compared with $12.14 a year ago, $14.61 two years 
agOj $11.87 three years ago, and $9.67 four years ago, on September 1. 



AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



13 



COTTON. 

Information gathered by the Department of Agriculture indicates 
that the condition of the cotton crop on August 25 was GS.2 per cent 
of a normal, as compared with 79.6 on July 25, 74.8 on August 25, 
1912, 73.2 on August 25, 1911, and 74.7, the average on August 25 
of the past 10 years. In the early part of the season conditions were 
favorable in the western cotton States and unfavorable in the eastern 
cotton States; as the season has advanced, hov.'ever, prospects have 
been dechning in the west and improving somewhat in the east. A 
lower condition than 68.2 on August 25 has been estimated only once 
in the past 10 j^ears, in 1909, when the condition was 63.7, in which 
year the yield per acre was 154 pounds. 

The detailed estimates, by States, of acreage, condition in per cent 
of normal, and price per pound, and the amount ginned to Septem- 
ber 1 as reported by the Census Bureau, are given in Table 3. 

Table 3. — Cotton: Aa-eage, condition, price per pound, and amount ginned. 



State. 



Prelimi- 
nary area 

1913 (000 
omitted). 



Condition Aug. 25- 



1913 



1912 



10- 
ycar 
aver- 
age. 



Price per pound 
Sept. 1. 



Ginned prior to Sept. 1 
(census). 



1913 



1912 



5- 
year 
aver- 



Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Missouri 

Oklahoma 

California 

United States 



Acres. 

50 

1,560 

2,716 

5,3.36 

2.30 

3,S04 

3,045 

1,16G 

11,732 

2,117 

823 

113 

2,916 

14 



35,622 



P.d. 

80 
78 



P.cl. 

80 
75 
73 
70 
73 
75 
70 
74 
76 
77 
76 
78 
84 
95 



P.ct. 

82 
78 
77 
77 
78 
76 
75 
69 
72 
77 
83 
84 
76 



Cts. 
12.6 
11.8 
11.7 
11.7 
14.0 
11. G 
12.0 
11.8 
11.9 
11.7 
11.8 
11.5 
11.7 



Cts. 
11.1 
11.5 
11.7 
11.4 
14.0 
11.1 
11.5 
11.0 
11.1 
11.2 
11.1 
9.2 
11.5 



Cts. I 
11.9 I 
12.1 1 
12.0 
11.9 
14.1 
11.7 I 
11.6 i 

11.4 t 
11.6 ! 

11.5 i 

11.6 I 
10. 5 V 
11.5 I 



Bales. 



Bales. 



Bales. 



188 

7,272 

72,622 

2,956 

44,525 

2,027 

7,566 

649, G9i 

2,200 

9 



674 

4,260 

34,520 

1,832 

12,824 

442 

1,724 

675,249 

81 



1,245 

19,364 

134, 431 

3,793 

40, 301 

1,865 

8, 120 

557, 544 

170 



4,943 



323 



4,253 



74.8 



74.7 



11.3 



11.7 794,006 



730,935 



771,207 



SUPPLY OF STOCK HOGS. 

Information as to the number of stock hogs in the United States 
mdicates that on September 1 the supply was practically the same 
as a year ago. On April 1 it was estimated that the number oi 
breeding sows in the country was about 1 per cent less than ci 
April 1, 1912. The numbers compared with a year ago in the im- 
portant States are estimated as follows: Georgia, 110; Ohio, 103; 
Indiana, 102; Illinois, 104; Wisconsin, 104; Iowa, 92; Mssouri, 100; 
Nebraska, 100; Texas, 102. The condition as to health of hogs is 
low, 89.8 per cent of normal, compared with a 10-year average of 
95.1, the range in the 10 years being from 92.1 last year to 96.6 hi 
1910. Reports are particularly low in Iowa, 71, compared with an 
average of 95, and 86 in 1904, the lowest of any of the past 15 years. 



14 



FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 558. 



HEMP AND BLUE-GRASS SEED. 

These crops are growTi mostly in Kentucky, where they have 
suffered, together with most crops in this State, from dry weather. 

The condition of hemp on September 1 was 65 per cent of normal, 
compared with a 10-year average of 81 .2 per cent of normal. Reports 
from Kentucky indicate that the production of blue-grass seed this 
season is only 47 per cent of a normal production. Last year the 
production was unusually large, bemg estimated at 117 per cent of a 
normal production. 

VEGETABLES. 

All vegetables were more or less adversely affected by the drought 
of the past month, conditions generally being below average condi- 
tions. Information as to the potato crop indicates a yield of about 
88 bushels per acre, which compares with 113 bushels last year and 
an average of 96 bushels in the five years 1908-1912. A total pro- 
duction of about 325,000,000 bushels is thus mdicated, compared with 
a production of 421,000,000 bushels last year and 293,000,000 the year 
before. 

SUBTROPICAL FRUITS AND NUTS. 

The condition of subtropical fruits and nuts in California and 
Florida on September 1 is shown in Table 4, 100 representing normal 
conditions. Prospects are generally poorer than a year ago and two 
years ago. 

T\BLE A.— Condition of subtropical fruits and nuts in California and Florida on 

SejJt. 1. 





CalifoiTiia. 


Florida. 




1913 


1912 


1911 


1913 


1912 


1911 




65 
55 
70 

78 
77 

SO 
75 
80 
76 
61 


83 
83 
89 
80 
86 

87 
85 

87 
87 
89 


64 
66 

78 
90 
84 

86 
82 
88 
94 
95 








































Grapes: 
















'I'able 










89 

"'84' 
100 


97 
97 
94 
95 


75 




81 




62 








81 











AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



Table 5. — Corn and wheal crops: Forecast based upon returiis to Sept. 1, ivith details, Inj 

States. 





Com. 


Winter 


wheat. 


Spring 

wheat, 

condition. 


All w 




States and Territories. 


AS 
5- o 


Condition. 


Pr 


ice. 


Production (000 
omitted). 


heat, 
ce. 




0.2 


c3 <» 

2§ 




> 

CO I-, 


il 


0"^ 


o 


C3 Z> 

2^ 






Maine 


Acres. 

16 

22 

46 

48 

11 

01 

527 

270 

1,M)3 

197 

677 

1,980 

732 

2,836 

1,992 

4,C60 

675 

3,994 

4,898 

10,551 

1,641 

1,632 

2,357 

9,947 

7,393 

341 

2,620 

7,609 

7,424 

3, 636 

3,365 

3,244 

3,230 

1,931 

7,081 

5,176 

2,500 

31 

18 

420 

87 

17 

9 

1 

12 
34 
21 
45 


P.cl. 
05 
72 
80 
76 
81 
73 
07 
84 
81 
80 
81 
85 
84 
87 
86 
87 
92 
81 
81 
62 
80 
94 
95 
76 
41 
87 
78 
37 
10 
59 
65 
78 
81 
85 
78 
39 
71 
90 
89 
70 
61 
85 
88 
92 
96 
86 
96 
78 


P.ct. 

<so 

80 
86 
87 
91 
88 
79 
84 
83 
87 
85 
85 
82 
84 
83 
87 
85 
82 
84 
84 
80 
82 
83 
81 
80 
80 
84 
78 
70 
86 
86 
88 
85 
84 
74 
69 
82 
85 
86 
83 
82 
90 
93 
93 
93 
88 
88 
89 


Cts. 
89 
83 
82 
85 

105 
85 
81 
84 
SI 
73 
77 
85 
84 
95 

102 
99 
90 
72 
70 
73 
72 
65 
63 
66 
77 
52 
60 
72 
81 
86 
83 
96 
86 
S3 
77 
77 
82 

115 
62 
70 
76 

115 
85 

101 
67 
74 
85 
86 


CIS. 
S3 
81 
80 
82 
92 
85 
78 
82 
78 
79 
81 
88 
88 
97 
99 
97 
90 
73 
08 
66 
70 
68 
59 
62 
70 
65 
59 
59 
65 
81 
82 
93 
86 
76 
73 
65 
80 

108 
79 
76 
95 

110 
80 

"'S5' 
82 
88 
91 


Bushels. 


Bushels. 


P.cl. 
95 


p.ct. 
95 


Cts. 


Cts. 
109 


•Now Hampshire 














85 


89 


107 


113 


Massachusetts 








Rhode Island 














•Connecticut 














New York 


6,700 
1,408 

21,862 
1.638 
8,073 

10,C64 
2,957 
7,055 
972 
1,732 


5,. 360 
1,402 
22,320 
1,942 
8,985 
8,596 
3,378 
5,322 
727 
1,228 






89 
S5 
89 
88 
88 
93 
95 
37 
117 
120 


98 


New Jcrsev 






100 


Pennsylvania 






90 








94 


Maryland 






94 


Virginia.- 






99 


West Virginia 






104 


•North Carolina 






109 


South Carolina 






120 


Georgia 






124 


Florida 








Ohio 


34,326 
39,534 
41,963 
12,714 
1,749 


9,760 
10,080 
9,819 
7,000 
1,636 






86 
83 
84 
85 
84 
79 
78 
81 
76 
74 
72 
75 
92 
95 
104 
92 


94 








91 


Illinois 






90 


Michigan 






93 




89 
88 
85 


S3 
79 
83 


95 


Minnesota 


94 




7,816 
39,586 


6,900 
23,750 


86 


Missouri 


89 


North Dakota 


70 
65 
73 
40 


72 
76 
78 
60 


91 


South Dakota 






88 




58, 106 

86,515 

9,765 

8,208 

374 

126 


50,850 

91,450 

6,860 

7,077 

318 

96 


81 


Kansas 


84 


Kentucky 


95 


Tennessee 






98 








113 


Mississippi 






108 


Louisiana 








Texas 


11,S12 

10,380 

1,262 

1.3,261 

800 

4,452 

725 

864 

3,910 

322 

9,009 

28,998 

11,599 

3,822 


11,025 

20,090 

940 

11,638 

896 

4,728 

600 

C51 

3,840 

412 

9,614 

27, 269 

16, 884 

6,290 






84 
75 
82 
66 

73 
77 
108 
66 
90 
65 
09 
75 
92 


97 


Oklahoma : 






86 


Arkansas 






94 


Montana 


86 
92 
79 
80 
86 
92 
97 
95 
82 
90 


89 
93 
87 
86 
89 
95 

80 
81 


86 




97 


Colorado 


89 


New Mexico 


99 




109 


Utah 


85 




120 


Idaho 


74 


Washington 


79 


Oregon 


83 


California 


97 










United States . . 


106,884 


C5.1 


80.9 


75.4 


71.5 


510,519 


399,919 


75.3 


76.9 


77.1 


90.1 



16 FAEMEES^ BULLETIN 558. 

Table G. — Grain crops: Forccist based upon returns to Sept. 1, ivith details, by Slates.- 





Oats. 


Barley. 


Buckwheat, 


Rice 


con- 


Flax 


, con- 


Stales and Ter- 
ri orics. 


Condition. 


Price. 


Condition. 


Price. 


condition. 


dition. 


dition. 






■" CD 

Sg 




U5 C3 


CO 


si 


p<2 


u 

• > 

10 03 


.CO 


Si 

si 


. CO 


li 


02 


sfe 




P.ct. 
97 
91 
93 
84 
80 
80 
86 
80 
83 
78 
79 
84 
84 
84 
88 
83 


p.ct. 
95 
92 
92 
92 
88 
88 
87 

■ 85 
86 
84 
84 
80 
84 
80 
80 
84 
82 
82 
78 
78 
81 
83 
81 
81 
73 
77 
80 
7? 
05 
77 
82 
84 
79 
79 
69 
60 
76 
90 
93 
89 
86 
94 
97 
97 
92 
88 
87 
86 


Cts. 
54 
58 
57 
54 

'"ss" 

47 
47 
46 
50 
46 
51 
52 
ofi 
68 
64 
67 
39 
38 
39 
39 
37 
35 
36 
44 
32 
34 
40 
45 
52 
52 
64 
64 
57 
43 
44 
51 
39 
47 
49 
49 
55 
38 
55 
34 
40 
40 
55 


Cts. 
60 
62 
59 
62 
56 
61 
51 
55 
50 
46 
50 
55 
56 
63 
70 
69 
75 
40 
37 
37 
41 
41 
35 
33 
39 
38 
35 
35 
41 
52 
51 
68 
05 
58 
49 
41 
54 
47 
56 
53 
56 
83 
51 
82 
45 
48 
45 
55 


p.ct. 
91 
91 
91 


p.ct. 
93 
89 
92 


cts. 
79 
90 
92 


Cts. 
84 
86 
86 


p.ct. 
93 
91 

87 
83 


p.ct. 
91 
93 
92 

89 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 


N. Hampshire. 






















Rhode Island 


























77 
66 
81 
79 
86 
84 
84 
83 
80 


92 
86 

85 
88 
88 
88 
87 
87 
89 










86 


86 


73 


78 









New .Tcrsey . . . 
Pennsylvania. 

Delaware 

Maryland 








85 


87 


63 


66 
















87 
88 


88 
92 


70 
68 


61 

72 
















. 


West Virginia. 


















80 
82 
82 

88 


86 
83 
87 
86 
























































Ohio 


72 
51 
53 
78 
90 
87 
83 
56 
72 
70 
70 
54 
66 
76 
80 
80 
82 
70 
50 
77 
88 
92 
76 
76 
85 
94 
96 
96 
92 
102 
70 


70 
69 
79 
82 
80 
78 
78 
78 
71 
64 
00 
40 
87 
80 


83 
84 
90 
84 
85 
81 
84 
83 
75 
79 
75 
63 
85 
86 


54 
50 
49 
59 
55 
53 
54 

"'49' 
51 
43 
50 
75 
70 


65 
61 
61 
65 
66 
56 
57 
73 
54 
56 
48 
50 
73 
83 


75 

78 
78 
77 
89 
87 
80 
55 


85 
85 
84 
84 
86 
85 
86 
8-1 


























Michigan 














87 
81 
86 
43 
73 
68 
74 
00 


85 








83 








86 








74 


North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 
Nebraska 






79 










85 


74 
60 


87 
82 






85 






73 


Kentucky 

Tennessee..:.. 

Alabama 

Mississippi . . . 
Louisiana 








76 


90 










85 
85 
87 
90 


86 
87 
89 
90 






































69 
40 


75 
09 


04 
67 


88 
58 










Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

AVyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico . . 

Arizona 

Utah 






63 


70 






86 


88 




90 
90 
80 
84 
90 
94 
96 
96 
91 
92 
66 


91 
93 
91 
85 
95 
96 
96 
92 
88 
87 
85 


49 
86 
56 
59 
67 
47 
85 
53 
50 
55 
66 


-0 
74 
60 
66 
82 
57 
92 
57 
61 
62 
66 






84 


88 






, 














55 






































Nevada 
























Washington. . . 

Oreeon 

California 



























95 














United States 


74.0 


79.3 


39.3 


40.7 


73.4 


81.1 


55.2 


59.7 


75.4 


87.0 


88.0 


89.2 


74.9 SO. 9 

1 



AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



17 



Table 7. — Hay and forage crops: Forecast based upon returns to Sept. 1, with details, 

by States. 





Hay (all tame). 


Alfalfa, 
produc- 
tion.! 


Kc 


fir 


Mil 

con 
tiL 


let.. 


States and Tcrri- 


Yield per 
acre. 


Production 
(000 omitted). 


Quality. 


Price. 


com, con- 
dition. 


(li- 
n. 




S 




co| 

S.3 






cJ <0 

2« 


o> 


(- he 

22 


CO 


> 

U (S 

QJ i-< 


Oa 


§2 


CO 


> 




Tons. 
1.00 
l.(X) 
1.28 
1.21 
1.17 
1.14 
1.14 
1.30 
1.32 
1.30 
1.26 
1.27 
1.21 
1.31 
1.16 
1.36 
1.30 
1.30 
1.00 

.98 
1.05 
1.C2 
1.50 
1.48 

.60 
1.14 
1.20 
1.34 

.90 

.87 
1.21 
1.36 
1.33 
1.50 
1.16 

.80 
1.42 
1.80 
1.90 
2.05 
2.08 
4.00 
2.33 
2.75 
2.80 
2.30 
2.10 
1.50 


Tons. 
1.12 
1.10 
1.31 
1.25 
1.1-6 
1.17 
1.23 
1.34 
1.35 
1.41 
1.29 
1.23 
1.31 
1.47 
1.33 
1.52 
1..38 
1.37 
1.33 
1.31 
1.32 
1.51 
1.57 
1.44 
1.24 
1.28 
1.32 
1. 43 
1.37 
1.31 
1.46 
1.63 
1.61 
1.79 
1.48 
1.23 
1.44 
1.82 
2.21 
2.34 
2.38 
.3.22 
2.95 
2.61 
2.93 
2.28 
2.10 
1.83 


Tons. 

1,194 

491 

1,280 

577 

69 

432 

5,327 

471 

4,146 

94 

475 

922 

875 

384 

225 

321 

57 

3,848 

1,690 

2,388 

2,464 

3,755 

2, 492 

5,287 

1,702 

386 

552 

1,541 

1,230 

024 

1,031 

284 

270 

224 

427 

308 

398 

1,152 

902 

1, 765 

393 

496 

867 

054 

1,977 

1,803 

1,642 

3,562 


Tons. 

1,428 

626 

1,515 

596 

66 

436 

5,600 

521 

4,537 

96 

575 

889 

1,028 

381 

223 

316 

54 

4,020 

2,582 

3,266 

3,185 

3,600 

2,541 

4,952 

4,143 

510 

672 

1.552 

2,440 

1.002 

1, 154 

261 

297 

234 

542 

481 

352 

1,210 

859 

1,905 

436 

384 

1,023 

(■«1 

1,938 

1,707 

1,738 

3,825 


96 
95 
97 
94 
96 
94 
92 
92 
92 
90 
87 
90 
88 
90 
88 
90 
91 
91 
84 
88 
93 
92 
92 
97 
79 
89 
92 
91 
81 
81 
89 

eo 

85 
CO 
84 
75 
84 
94 
99 
94 
93 
91 
92 
97 
92 
95 
95 
95 


P.ct. 
95 


Dolls. 
14. 70 


Dolls. 
13.97 


p.ct. 


P.ct. 


P. CI. 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 

82 
75 
87 
78 
80 
79 
75 
81 
84 
81 
84 
87 
88 
85 
86 
84 


p.ct. 
90 


New Hampshire 


95 16.30 15.80 

96 13.70 13.22 
94 20. 10 [19. 86 
96 22.50 22.10 
94 :is.50 20.07 
SO 14.00 14.40 
00 ilS.OO 16.80 
90 |13.70 14.44 
88 ll5.00 13.79 
87 12.20 15.60 

87 14.00 15.21 

86 14.20 !l4.68 

88 15.50 1 15. 55 

88 17.80 17.00 

89 18.00 17.14 

87 17.00 16.47 










92 








89 












89 


Rhode Island 














96 
84 
91 
91 
100 
84 
95 
92 
100 
105 
85 








89 


New York 


eo 

89 

88 
91 

86 
86 
87 
85 
87 
87 






84 


New Jersey 






85 


Pennsylvania 






87 














82 


Virginia 






84 


West Virginia 






83 


Nortli Carolina 






86 


South Carolina 






82 


Geon^ia 






86 


Florida 








Ohio 


90 11.10 
89 12.40 
92 113.30 

92 !l2.60 

93 llO. 10 
92 ! 6. .50 

94 i 9.00 

89 [13.20 

91 5.20 

92 5.90 
92 7.50 
91 |12.70 
87 15.90 

87 115.70 

88 :14.50 
88 12. 10 

90 12.60 


12.18 
11.56 
11.70 
12.33 
12.46 
7.84 
8.62 
9.41 
5.78 
0.26 
7.21 
7.17 
13.28 
13. 67 
13.41 
13.36 
11.74 
10. 30 
6.98 
10. 85 
9.94 
9.10 
9.65 
10. 62 
10. 58 
7.95 
9.79 
7. 63 
11.81 
9.43 
10.24 


94 
90 
91 
89 

100 
98 
96 
73 

110 
94 
79 
60 
75 
77 
78 
82 
82 
80 
60 
80 
97 

100 
88 
91 

105 
91 

102 

100 
99 
97 
96 


87 
88 
89 
87 
88 
88 
89 
87 
86 
86 
84 
84 
86 
88 
85 
82 
85 
78 
81 
86 
96 
94 
89 
90 
92 
91 
97 
95 
94 
94 
95 


...., 




81 
7S 
70 
85 
94 
91 
90 
49 
79 
77 
62 
27 
67 
68 
SO 
81 
76 
70 
62 
72 
80 
90 
70 
05 
96 
99 
91 
97 
89 
97 


88 




86 




60 


81 


85 


Michigan 


84 




94 




85 


Minnesota 


87 


Iowa 






86 




53 


82 


82 


North Dalcota 


80 


South Dakota 






85 




54 
39 


85 
82 


84 




77 


Kentucky 


84 


Tennessee 






87 


Alabama 






86 


Mississippi 






85 


Louisiana 








Texas 


87 
88 
88 
94 
96 
91 
90 
92 
95 
96 
96 
94 
95 
94 


11.00 
10.40 
12.00 
8.40 
7.50 
8.40 
13.00 
11.50 
8.50 
9.00 
0.90 
10. 20 
8.40 
13. 30 


75 
50 
75 


78 
82 
SO 


74 


Oklahoma 


76 




81 


Montana 


88 


Wyoming 






87 




74 
64 
90 


78 
79 
92 


80 










Utah 


92 


Nevada 








Idaho 








Washington 








Oregon 








California 


85 


90 


92 






United States. 


1.31 


1.43 


63, 460 


72,691 


91.7 


91.7 


11.89 


11.49 


83.3 


90.0 


57.9 


81.8 


62.6 


81.8 



8841°— Bull. 558- 



i Production compared with a Ml crop. 
-13 2 



18 FAEMERS' BULLETIN 558. 

Table S. — Fruit crops: Forecast based uj)on returns to Sept. 1, ivith details, by States. 





Apples. 


Pears, con- 
dition. 


Peaches, 
production.! 


Grapes, 
condition. 


Cranb 
coudi 


erries, 


States and Territories. 


Condition. 


Price. 


tion. 




.CO 

Is 


sl 


< 


t£53 




cS at 


. CO 
Or —1 


^1 
2§ 


. CO 


1 O 

2S 




1- s 




P.cf. 
4i 
42 
24 
55 
72 
67 
35 
55 
43 
39 
40 
33 
12 
36 
29 
45 


P.ct. 
64 
62 
65 
02 
62 
64 
58 
60 
59 
63 
65 
58 
54 
60 
57 
56 


Cts. 
65 
95 

110 

105 
92 
75 
72 
73 
80 
GO 
70 
60 

100 
73 

115 
96 


Cts. 
79 
74 
80 
85 

120 
80 
65 
70 
65 
50 
50 
42 
48 
65 
87 
68 


P.ct. 
65 
75 
69 
90 
96 
93 
81 
57 
60 
25 
40 
29 
15 
30 
36 
39 
38 
50 
07 
66 
70 
90 


P.ct. 

S2 
S3 
81 
7S 
81 
81 
70 
68 
68 
61 
66 
57 
57 
59 
64 
62 
01 
C4 
57 
43 
67 
56 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 
71 

67 


p.ct. 

79 




75 


70 


79 
72 
87 
88 
83 
65 
78 
01 
76 
01 
74 
53 
80 
78 
78 


78 
81 
83 

78 
80 

82 
84 
79 
82 
79 
78 
71 
SO 
77 
80 


80 








70 
94 
81 
67 
42 
41 
38 
40 
24 
12 
26 
30 
30 
45 
32 
09 
74 
54 


50 
50 
61 
58 
57 
51 
41 
52 
50 
46 
58 
61 
62 
67 
42 
43 
37 
54 


80 
88 
85 
78 
70 


76 




76 




85 




86 




77 
























































30 
03 
CG 
52 
88 
97 
74 
38 


46 
46 
40 
55 
59 
69 
51 
47 


OS 
GO 
61 
SO 
65 
70 
59 
00 


C5 
05 
70 
58 
84 
135 
99 
50 


5S 
SO 
81 
78 
93 
86 
86 
0*< 


78 
78 
77 
SO 
82 
81 
75 
72 








80 


77 








75 
81 


75 




78 








78 




65 
44 


35 

40 


79 
72 


28 
34 
















85 
56 
24 
55 
42 
44 
53 
60 
50 
42 
55 
81 
90 
69 
70 
78 
S3 
09 

73 
79 
00 


54 
48 
52 
53 
55 
54 
55 
60 
61 
54 
84 
75 
68 
66 
76 
76 
75 
76 
80 
70 
81 


100 

80 

100 

70 

65 

85 

98 

105 

110 

93 

75 

125 

150 

82 

105 

160 

100 

18-5 

92 

95 

85 

90 


127 
85 
60 
56 
49 
& 
87 
92 

110 
78 
70 

106 










77 
63 
44 
82 
77 
79 
77 
84 
77 
65 
82 
80 


78 
71 
68 
78 
71 
76 
73 
78 
73 
67 
70 








58 
32 
46 
37 
48 
62 
71 
54 
40 
48 
70 


48 
50 
53 
50 
60 
56 
65 
62 
54 
49 
80 


35 
25 
65 
38 
38 
51 
59 
43 
40 
60 


35 
40 
45 
47 
56 
56 
60 
59 
60 
56 
















































































85 
139 
200 

89 

"'ioo' 

80 
80 
85 


50 
66 

81 
74 
70 
s:? 
78 
80 
73 


57 
71 
83 

67 
57 
75 
82 
79 
83 


30 
49 
81 
79 
80 
71 
81 
74 
05 


53 
56 
72 
70 
56 
02 
73 
70 
76 


7S 
84 
92 
92 
85 
94 
90 
95 
79 


77 
3 
84 
86 


















Utah 














86 
88 
90 
89 






























United States 


47.7 


54.4 


75.2 


67.5 


59.1 


05.3 


47.6 


53.6 


75 


&3.3 


76.3 


77.1 



i_ Production compared with a full crop. 



AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



19 



Table 9. — Vegetable crops: Forecast based upon retxirns to Sept. 1, tvitli details, by States. 



Statos and 
Territories. 



Condition. 



p.3 



Pric\ 



a.2 



Sweet 
potatoes, 
condition. 



ft2 



Tomatoes, 
condition. 



Cabbages, 
condition. 



P,C3 



Onions, 
condition. 



ftOJ 



Beans 

(dry), 

condition. 



C3 to 



Maine 

N. Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. 
Rhode Island . 
Cormecliciit. .. 

New York 

New Jersey. .. 
Pennsylvania. 

Delaware 

Maryhnd 

Virginia 

West Virginia. 
Norlh Carolina 
South Carolina 

(Jcorgii 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Mi-'higan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma. . .. 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico . . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington... 

Oregon 

California 



P.ct 
91 
75 
83 
71 
73 
69 
63 
68 
73 
73 
66 
84 
67 
79 
76 
76 
87 
59 
48 
44 
73 
S3 
83 
57 
47 
78 
76 
53 
46 
51 
66 
77 
76 
75 
60 
60 
74 
84 
92 
7S 
49 
75 
88 
96 
88 
85 
93 



P.ct. 
86 
84 
83 
81 
81 
79 



United States 69.9 



Cts. 
58 
85 
83 
91 
81 
87 
92 
70 
81 
72 
71 
76 
90 
71 
140 
114 
124 
96 
90 
90 
63 
45 
41 
89 
97 
54 
72 
85 
96 
90 
82 
109 
99 
81 
92 
93 
88 
05 
110 
78 
150 
163 
56 
85 
53 
58 
55 
65 



a.?. 

67 
83 
88 
89 
92 
93 
90 
7G 
84 
78 
73 
76 
87 
79 
116 
113 
128 
88 
88 
84 
71 
67 
63 
83 
85 
73 
80 
87 
96 
81 
78 
107 
109 
92 
112 
112 
95 
91 
117 
99 
120 
130 
70 
115 
65 
69 
69 
79 



P.ct. P.ct 



75.3 80.2 81.4 86.2 



92 



P.ct. 
82 
85 
81 
82 
86 
84 
76 
86 
81 
80 
77 
84 
83 
85 
81 
83 
81 
83 
70 
62 
83 
91 
90 
78 
40 
81 
73 
53 
26 
05 
68 
80 
84 
74 
75 
40 
70 
83 
97 
85 
72 
94 
93 
90 
87 
90 
94 
85 



P.ct. 
89 
87 
88 
86 
84 
88 
86 
82 
83 
77 
78 
80 
82 
82 
81 
85 



P.ct. 
82 
78 
85 
75 
80 



6. 2 81. 2 



P.ct. 
80 
70 
83 
73 
78 
76 
73 
83 
84 
81 



P.ct. 
88 
85 
SO 
82 
81 
83 
84 
85 
86 
85 
84 
87 
88 
88 
85 
87 



P.ct. 
83 
85 
88 
85 
87 
80 
72 



P.ct. 

88 
87 
87 
83 
79 
84 
85 
86 
83 



85 
81 
82 
82 
85 
85 
82 
77 
80 
82 
79 
77 
85 
86 
84 
82 
82 
75 
68 
76 
£2 
92 
86 
83 
82 



84.2 



20 



FARMERS BULLETIN 558. 



Table 10. — Miscellaneous crops: Forecast based upon returns to Sept. 1, xcith details, 

by States. 





Clover seed. 


Broom 


Peanuts, 


Sugar 

beets, 

condition. 


Sorgl 


mm. 


Tobacco, 


State.s and Terri- 


o 3 


Condition. 


Price. 


dition. 


condition. 


condition. 


condition. 






u ■ 

"•2 

> 




sis 


.CO 


■"6 






&§ 
^ 




a, 1-1 
CO 


1 s 
2 S 




si 

T-i CO 


Maine 


100 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 
95 




$10. 80 
12. 00 
9.00 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 




















85 
75 
75 


93 


Vermont. 


100 




93 
95 


S13. 00 


















83 


Massachusetts 


















92 


Rhode Island 




























Connecticut 


100 
90 
87 
85 
90 
90 

100 
87 

102 

115 
92 


"jo' 

77 
70 
79 
66 
88 
88 
90 
87 


92 
86 

82 
78 
86 
81 
84 
86 
88 
88 
87 


" 12.33" 

"ii.'og" 
10.00 


12.00 
11.38 
12.67 
10.81 
7.00 

















75 
72 


93 


New York 












84 






SO 


New Jersey 


















Pennsylvania 


















C9 


SS 


Delaware : 




















Maryland 


















80 
89 
70 
86 
87 
85 
90 
68 
04 
62 


80 




12.10 

12.00 

11.89 


11.40 
12.71 
11.00 


82 


81 
78 


90 


80 






S3 
86 
87 
84 
87 
88 
83 
75 
63 
81 
91 
90 
84 
48 


81 
84 
84 
82 
86 
84 
85 
84 
84 


83 


West Virginia 






80 


North Carolina. . . 


86 
85 

85 
89 


82 
82 

87 
88 






79 


South Carolina 










80 


Georgia 




12. 00 










89 


Florida 










87 


Ohio 


125 
112 
110 
100 

97 

95 
110 
105 
110 
100 
100 
105 

92 

95 
200 
105 
100 
120 

90 
107 
110 

95 
110 
105 
105 

92 


88 
83 
78 
83 
88 
90 
89 
71 

"92" 

78 
81 
74 
77 
90 
79 

"'71' 


74 
78 
83 
78 
85 
85 
83 
82 
91 
91 
87 
84 
85 
86 
89 
87 
91 
SO 


8.85 
8.63 
9.17 
9.52 
9.46 

10.02 
9.92 

10.11 

""7." 56" 
11.33 
8.67 
10.84 
10.94 


9.67 
8.71 
9.10 
9.85 
7.89 
9.00 
S.87 
10.00 
12.00 


80 


81 


86 
83 
81 
90 

88 
90 
87 


86 

""se" 

87 

88 
88 


80 


Indiana 






S3 


Illinois 


66 


80 






SO 


Michigan 








Vv'isconsin 










87 
87 
86 
S4 


80 


84 


Minnesota 














80 
48 


86 
79 










Missouri 






45 


82 


North Dakota 












South Dakota 














75 
59 

38 
69 
71 
81 
81 
84 
75 
48 
72 








Nebraska 


11.20 
9.73 
10.94 
11.80 


eo 

37 
68 
67 
70 
70 


83 
77 
84 
84 
83 
89 






70 

58 


89 
83 


85 
84 
84 
87 
84 
82 
89 
SO 
84 
82 






Kansas 










Kentucky 






61 
67 
87 

"82" 
65 


80 


Tennessee 


69 
84 
84 
85 
73 
55 
74 


84 
87 
85 
90 
SO 
74 
81 






83 


Alabama 






87 


Mississippi 










83 


Louisiana 


:::::::::::: 






84 


Texas 






66 
46 
68 


78 
75 

87 






82 


Oklahoma 




11.00 
9.67 








Arkansas 


SO 
100 
101 
100 

97 


88 
93 
96 

87 


8.62 






70 


81 


Montana 


94 
95 
89 
84 
92 
90 
96 
97 
95 
98 
88 


94 




Wyoming 














95 










Colorado 






62' 
65 


S3 






92 
80 
86 
97 


77 
66 
93 
85 


84 
81 
88 
93 






New Mexico 






53 
95 


74 

88 






Arizona .♦. . 












Utah 


101 
96 
97 
95 
97 
92 


92 


11.50 












Nevada 


9.90 
10.00 
12.00 

7.50 














Idaho 


96 
85 
95 
80 


94 
96 
89 
96 


8.20 










91 
91 
91 
91 










W ashington 


















Oregon 


















California 






90 


91 




91 




















United States.. 


104.2 


81.3 


80.7 


9.37 


9.80 


48.5 


78.7 


85.1 


84.2 


88.1 


90.0 


69.6 


83.8 


74.5 


81.5 



Nat C. Murray, 
Acting Chief Bureau of Statistics. 

o 



WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1913 



U.SDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

560 

Contributions from Various Bureaus of the Department. 
October II. 1913. 

THE AGFdCULTURAL OUTLOOK FOE MEAT 
PRODUCTION. 





AGRICULTURAL FORECAST. 



GENERAL REVIEW. 



The combined condition (or estimates of yields) of all crops on 
October 1 was about 13.6 per cent lower than their condition on 
October 1 last year and about 9.7 per cent lower than the average 
condition of crops on October 1 of recent years (mostly 10-year 
averages). As conditions on September 1 were 12.2 per cent lower 
than on September 1 last year and 10.1 per cent below the average 
year, it is seen that the month of September, as afFectmg crop pros- 
pects, was somewhat more favorable than the average September, 
though less favorable than September, 1912. Very good crop yields 
are indicated in Florida, Wisconsm, Mmnesota, and Ai'izona, and 
very poor yields m Illmois, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Kentucky, 
and Oklahoma. 

The general level of farm prices of staple crops increased about 
2.1 per cen^from September 1 to October 1. This is an unusual 
increase, for during each September of the past five years the level 
of prices declined during September, the average decline for the 
five years bemg 3.8 per cent. The average level of prices of crops 
on October 1 was 8.1 per cent higher than on October 1 last year, 
0.8 per cent higher than two years ago (a year of short crops), and 
6.3 per cent higher than the average of the past five years on Octo- 
ber 1. 

The average farm price of meat animals on September 15 was about 
S7.15 per 100 pounds, which compares with $7.20 on August 15, 16.74 
on September 15 a year ago, $5.87 two years ago, and $0.92 three 
years ago. From August 15 to September 15 the price level decreased 
0.7 per cent, which compares with an increase of 2.7 per cent during 
the same period a year ago, unchanged two years ago, and an 
increase of 3.7 per cent thi'ee year,3 ago. 

12646°— BuU. 560-13 1 



TARMEKS' BULLETIN NO. 5G0, 



General conditions of all crops, by States, as reported on Oct. 1 and Sept. 1. 100 
represents the aggregate average crop prosjKcts {not normal) of recent years {mostly 10 
years). 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

^'e^mont 

Massachusetts.. 
Rhode Island... 
Connecticut.... 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virgmia 

West Virginia. . 
North Carolina. 
Soulh Carolina. 

Georgia 

Florida 



Oct. 1, 


Sept.l, 


1913. 


1913. 


96.7 


95.3 


87.9 


8S. 


90. 3 


90.1 


94.9 


100.2 


99. 1 


97.2 


93.9 


90.7 


90.2 


90.7 


97.3 


90.4 


95.3 


90. 2 


92.0 


92.0 


90.7 


90.4 


101.6 


102.1 


8S.5 


S9.5 


100.1 


lfr2. 1 


100.1 


100.4 1 


99.7 


98. 


107.3 


101. 7 



State. 


Oct. 1, 
1913. 


Sept.l, 
1913. 


Ohio 


95.0 
93.5 
78.1 
91.9 
107.9 
112.9 
99.6 
67.5 
91.3 
83.2 
74.1 
58. S 
70. G 
83.8 
95.5 
95.1 
97.2 


93.5 
93.7 
78.0 
92.4 
108. 
106. 6 
101.9 
65.1 
95.4 
87.1 
72.8 
58.7 
74.9 
83.5 
92.4 
92.9 
97.2 


Indiana 

Illinois 

Mishigan 

AVisconsin 

Minnesota 


Missouri 

North Dakota.. 
South Dakota.. 
Nebraska 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 



State. 



Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Me.xico. . . 

Ari;;ona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington... 

Oregon 

California 

United 

States. 



Oct. 1, 
1913. 



98.5 

64.8 

91.9 

95.3 

92.4 

90.2 

83.6 

11G.4 

89.9 

104. 4 

100.8 

101. 4 

102. 9 
87.7 



Sept. 1, 
1913. 



95.1 
63.7 
92.3 
95.1 
91.0 
89.9 
83.5 
114.3 
88.5 
103.5 
100.2 
102.7 
102.8 
84.7 



THE CEREAL CROPS. 



CORN. 



The information gathered by the bureau indicated that the condi- 
tion on October 1 was 65.3 per cent of a normal, compared ^\dth 82.2 
in 1912 and a 10-year average of 80.6. Tliis is an improvement of 
0.9 per cent over the condition last month, and justifies a forecast of 
22.2 bushels per acre, whicli compares ^vith a yield of 29.2 in 1912 
and an average of 26.5 for the years 1908-1912. This indicates a 
total production on the estimated area of 106,884,000 acres, which is 
only 0.2 per cent less than last year's record acreage, of approximately 
2,373,000,000 bushels, compared with 3,124,746,000 in 1912 and 
2,531,488,000 in 1911, being the lowest since 1903. 

While generous rains have finally visited the drought-stricken 
portion of the corn belt, the moisture came too late te materially 
affect this year's crop. 

The average price paid to producers on October 1 at local markets 
and shipping points was 75.3 cents, compared with 75.4 on Septem- 
ber 1, 70.2 on October 1, 1912, and 67.3, the October 1 average for 
the five years 1908-1912. 

The International Institute of Agriculture, on September 19, esti- 
mated a total production for 1913 of 2,766,000,000 bushels in nine 
countries, including those named below, being 22.4 per cent less than 
was produced in the same countries last year: United States, Hungary 
proper, Italy, Russia in Europe, Bulgaria, and Spain, the names being 
given in the relative order of importance in production. The crop 
of Hungary is estimated at 184;758,000 bushels; that of Italy at 
98,422,000. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. g. 

SPRING WHEAT. 

The estimated yield per bushel based on the information gathered 
October 1 confirms the September 1 forecast of- 13 bushels, which is 
much below the heavy jdcld of 17.2 last year, but only slightly under 
the five-year average of 13.3. Upon the previously estimated area 
of 18,663,000 acres, which is 3 per cent less than that of 1912, this 
indicates a production of 242,714,000 bushels, agamst last year's 
record crop of 330,348,000, and 190,682,000 m 1911. 

WINTER WHEAT. 

The winter wheat crop was estimated by the bureau on August 1 
to be 511,000,000 bushels, the largest of record; the yield being 10.5, 
slightly exceeded by the record yield of 16.7 in ICOO, and the acreage 
30,938,000, which is 16.4 per cent greater than last year and second 
only to the acreage of 1903. 

ALL WHEAT. 

Combining the fair crop of spring \vheat just harvested with the 
record winter-wheat crop gives a total production of 753,233,000 
bushels, the largest ever grown in the United States, following a 
large crop of 730,267,000 in 1912, and a moderate crop of 621,338,000 
in 1911. The estimated area devoted to the crop was 49,001,000 
acres, exceeding the 1912 acreage by 8.3 per cent, and being the 
largest since 1901. The average yield is 15.2 bushels per acre, being 
0.7 bushel below the 1912 yield but 0.7 above the average for the 
five years 1908-1912. 

The average price paid producers October 1 was 77.9 cents, com- 
pared with 77.1 September 1; 83.4 on October 1, 1912; and 90.1 for 
the October 1 five-year average. 

The International Institute of Agriculture on September 19 
estimated the total production in 19 countries, the principal ones 
being mentioned below in order of importance of production, at 
3,330,000,000 bushels, 4.1 per cent more than was produced in the 
same countries last year: Russia, United States, Ffance, India, 
Canada, Italy, Hungary, Spam, Prussia, Roumania, Bulgaria, 
England and Wales, Algeria, Japan. 

The Canadian Government's estimate of production, issued Sep- 
tember 15, gives 192,517,000 bushels of sprmg wheat and 18,481,800 
of fall wheat, a total of 210,998,800, compared with 199,236,000 in 
1912 and 215,851,000 in 1911. The yield of sprmg wheat is placed 
at 21.41 bushels per acre. 

OATS. 

The yield of oats, according to the information gathered October 
1 , is 29.3 bushels per acre, much below last year's record yield of 37.4, 
but only slightly below the average of 29.7 for the years 1908-1912. 



4 FAKMEES' BULLETIN NO. 560. 

This indicates a total production on the previously estimated acreage 
of 38,341,000 acres, v/hich is 1.1 per cent greater than last year and 
the largest ever devoted to this crop in the United States, of 
1,122,139,000 bushels, compared with 1,418,337,000 last year and 
922,298,000 in 1911. This year's crop, while modest compared with 
the extraordinary crop of last year, is the third largest in our history, 
the crop of 1910 holding second place. 

An improvement of 5.4 per cent in prospective yield over that indi- 
cated by the condition reports of September 1 reflects the favorable 
weather conditions accompanying the harvesting of the crop and the 
frequent testimony to yields heavier than anticipated. 

The average price paid producers October 1 w^as 39.6 cents, com- 
pared with 39.3 on September 1, 33.6 on October 1, last year, and 
an average of 40.1 for the same date in the 3^ears 1908-1912. 

The International Institute of Agriculture estimated on September 
19 a total production of 3,426,000,000 bushels in 17 countries, the 
important ones being named below in order of production, which is 
5.9 per cent less than Wiis produced in the same countries last year: 
Kussia, United States, Prussia, Canada, Hungary, England and 
Wales, Denmark, Belgium, Italy, Roumania. 

The Canadian crop was estimated by the Dominion Government 
on September 15 to be 395,341,000 bushels, against 361,733,000 in 
1912; the yield being 40.98 bushels per acre and the area 9,646,400 
acres. 

BARLEY. 

The indicated yield of barley, from the information collected by 
the bureau October 1, is 23.9 bushels per acre, which, while much 
below last year's figure of 29.7, which was the liigh record, is but 
slightly under the five-year average of 24.5. This average yield, on 
the previously estimated area of 7,255,000 acres, which is 3.7 per 
cent less tiian the 1912 acreage, indicates a total production of 
173,301,000 bushels, against 223,824,000 in 1912 and 160,240,000 
in 1911. This is an improvement of more than five million bushels 
over the forecast based on September 1 conditions, due partly to 
favorable weather conditions in the heavy barley region of the Da- 
kotas, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa and partly to a better out- 
turn at the threshings than was generally anticipated and reported 
at tliat time. 

The average ])rice paid producers on October 1 was 56.8 cents, 
compared with 55.2 on September 1, 54.8 on October 1, 1912, and an 
average of 60.3 on the same date for the years 1908-1912. 

The International Institute of Agriculture on September 19 esti- 
mated the total production of barley in 17 countries, including the 
important ones named below in order of importance of production, 
at 1,225,000,000 bushels, which is 1.2 per cent more than was pro- 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK, 5 

duced in the same countries last year: Eiissia, United States, Japan, 
Prussia, Hungaiy, Spain, Algeria, England and Wales, Canada, 
Eoumania, Denmark. 

The Canadian Government's estimate of September 15 gives an 
average yield af 31.05 bushels and a total production of 44,440,000 
bushels, compared with 44,014,000 bushels in 1912. 

RYE. 

The yield of rye, previously estimated, is 16.3 bushels per acre, the 
area 2,134,000 acres, and the total production 34,789,000 bushels, 
against 35,664,000 bushels in 1912. 

The average price paid producers October 1 was 64.8 cents, com- 
pared with 63 cents September 1, 70.1 on October 1, 1912, and an 
average of 73.9 on that date for the years 1908-1912. 

The International Institute of Agriculture, on September 19, esti- 
mated a total production in 14 countries, includmg the important 
ones named below in order of relative production, of 1,496,000,000 
bushels, which is 6.7 per cent less than was produced in the same 
countries last year: Russia, Prussia, Hungary, France, United States, 
Spain, Belgium, Denmark. 

The Canadian report of September 15 gives 2,425,000 bushels on 
127,200 acres, against 2,594,000 last 5^ear. 

BUCKWHEAT. 

The information gathered by the bureau, October 1, indicates a 
condition of 65.9 compared wdth 89.2 in 1912, and a 10-year average 
of 84.2, which justifies the forecast of a yield of 16.5 bushels compared 
with 22.9 in 1912 and 21 in 1911. This indicates a total production 
on the planted area of 841,000 acres (which is the same as last year) 
of approximately 14 million bushels, the smallest crop since 1900, fol- 
lowing the record croj) of 19 million in 1912 and the large crops of 
almost 18 milUon in 1911 and 1910. 

This shows a decrease during September of 6.7 per cent in the pros- 
pects of total production of this crop, following a similar decrease of 
11.8 per cent during August, due in August to drought and in Sep- 
tember to killing frosts during the second week of the month, in the 
heavy producing States of New York and Pennsylvania. 

The price paid producers October 1 was 74.1 cents, compared with 
70 on September 1, 69.7 on October 1, 1912, and a five-year average 
on that date of 72.6. 

RICE. 

The information gathered by the bureau on October 1 shows a 
condition of 80.3, compared with 89.2 in 1912 and a 10-year average 
of 87.5, which justifies the forecast of a yield of 30.9 bushels per acre, 
compared with 34.7 m 1912 and 33.7 iu 1911, and a total production 



6 ^ TAEMEES BULLETIjST NO. 580. 

iipon the previously estimated area of 824,100 acres, whicli is the 
largest yet planted and an increase of 14 per cent over the area m 1912, 
of approximately 25 million bushels, about equalmg last year's record 
crop and bemg 2 million larger than in 1911. This promised pro- 
duction is 2 million bushels, or 7.4 per cent, less than forecasted 
September 1, the loss during September being due to rain and flood 
damage in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, particularly in the latter 
State. 

The International Institute of Agriculture gives the estimated 
production for Japan at 16,662,000,000 pounds, an increase of 5.1 
per cent over the crop of last year. 

FLAXSEED. 

The information gathered by the bureau shov/s a condition 
October 1 of 74.7 per cent, compared with 83.8 in 1912 and a ten- 
year average of 78.5, justifying the forecast of a yield of 8.7 bushels 
per acre, which is below the 9.8 yield of 1912 but above the five-year 
average of 8.2. This indicates a total production upon the previously 
estimated area of 2,425,000 acres, which is 14.9 per cent less than 
the area in 1912, of approximately 21 million bushels, against the 
large production of 28 milhon in 1912, the low production of 19 
million in 1911, and the very low figure of 13 million in 1910. 

The average price paid producers October 1 was $1.23, compared 
with SI. 28 on September 1, $1.48 on October 1, 1912, and a five-year 
average of $1.63. 

The Canadian crop is reported at 15,168,000 bushels, against 
21,681,500 bushels in 1912, The' Russian crop has not yet been 
estimated, but is generally reputed to be somewhat less than that 
of last year. The British Indian crop for 1913 is reported by the 
International Institute of Agriculture as 83.4 per cent of the crop 

of 1912. 

OTHER CROPS. 

COTTON. 

The condition of the cotton crop September 25, viz, 64.1 per cent of 
normal, was the lowest condition estimate for that date with one 
exception (1909) in the past 10 years. It has been reported lower 
than this amount five times in the past 30 years. 

From August 25 to September 25 the condition declined from 68.2 
per cent of normal to 04.1 per cent of normal, or 4.1 points. This 
compares with an average decUne from August 25 to September 25 in 
the past 10 years (1903-1912) of 6.1 points; that is, from 74.7 per 
cent of normal August 25 (1903-1912) to 68.6 per cent of normal 
September 25 (1903-1912). Thus the condition, which was 91.3 per 
cent of the 10-year average condition on August 25; was 93.4 per cent 
of average condition on September 25. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



1 



During August the drought which was so disastrous to conditions 
previously was completely broken. Rains have covered the entire- 
cotton belt, but too late in many sections to be of much, if any, benefit 
to the crop; indeed various comments indicated some damage result- 
ing from the storms, the rainfall being excessive in some places. Par- 
ticularly, the grade of the staple has been adversely affected in the 
eastern part of the belt more than usual. Complaint of damage from 
anthracnose was made. 

The condition on September 25 was such as to indicate smaller total 
production than in 1911 and 1912, but, owing to the large acreage, 
larger production than in any year preceding these two years, with. 
the probable exception of the crop years of 1904, 190G, and 1908. 

Cotton: Acreage, condition, price per pound, and amount ginned. 



State. 



Pre- 
limi- 
narj' 
area 
1913 
(000 
omit- 
ted). 



Condition Sept. 25. 



10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 



Con- 
dition 
Aug. 
25. 



Price per pound 
Oct. 1. 



0-year 
aver- 
age. 



Price 

per 

pound 

Sept. 

1. 



Ginned prior to Sept. 25 
census (000 omitted). 



1913 



1911 



Virginia 

North Carolina. 
Sou til Carolina. 

Geoigia 

Florida 



Alabama. . . 
Mississippi . 
Louisiana . . 

Texas 

Arkansas. . 



Tennessee. . 
Missouri . . . 
Oklahoma. 
California . . 



Acres. 
50 
1,.W0 
2,716 
5,330 
230 

3,.S04 
3,045 
1,160 
.11,732 
2,117 

S23 

113 

2,910 

14 



P.Ct. 
75 
70 
71 
72 
78 

67 
C3 
CO 
63 
63 

cs 

64 
42 
100 



P.Ct. 

70 
70 
68 
65 
Co 

CS 
C3 
C9 
75 
68 

6S 
72 
69 
90 



P.Ct. 

76 
73 
72 
72 
71 

69 
07 
63 
66 
69 

74 
76 
69 
93 



P.Ct. 

80 
78 
77 
76 
81 

72 
69 
67 
64 
72 

SO 
72 
45 
96 



Cents. 



13.2 
13.3 
13.3 
13.7 

13.3 
13.3 
13.1 
13.3 
13.2 

13.4 
13.0 
13.1 



Cents. 
11.1 
11.3 
11.2 
11.1 
13.5 

11.1 
11.4 
11.2 
11.2 
11.4 

11.3 
11.3 
11.1 



Cents. 
11.4 
11.3 
11.2 
11.2 
14.2 

11.2 
11.5 
11.1 
11.2 
11.4 

11.2 
11.1 
11.0 



Cents. 



11.8 
11.7 
11.7 
14.0 

11.0 
12.0 
11. S 
11.9 
11.7 

11.8 
11.0 

11.7 



Bales. 



Bales. 



Biles. 



60 
192 
491 

16 

323 

120 

77 

1,727 

70 

IS 



102 
174 

272 
10 



74 

2,003 

41 



156 

338 

760 

22 

3C0 
97 
89 
1,668 
44 

10 



lib- 



United States 



35,022 



69.6 



68.6 



68.2 



13.3 11.2 



11.3 11. S 3,238 



3,007 



3,677 



VEGETABLES. 



Although the breaking of the drought by general rains during Sep- 
tember helped late vegetables in the Central States, general prospects 
have not been materially changed during the month. The potato 
prospect has been reduced slightly, from 325,000,000 bushels indi- 
cated on September 1 to 319,000,000 indicated on October 1 ; this 
reduction is due mostly to damage from frost in New York. All sur- 
plus potato States except Maine and Colorado indicate materially 
smaller production than last year, the total crop indication being 
about 25 per cent less than last year. Onions and cabbages abo will 
be materially less than last year, particularly in the surplus States. 
Last year prices for these products had a sagging tendency as the 
season advanced. So far as supply is a factor, much higher prices 
might be expected this year. This crop season is somewhat com- 
parable ^vith the crop season of 1911, when production was also short. 



'S PARMEES' BULLETIN HO. SSO, 

Estimated average prices to producers of ike United States on dates indicated. 



Year. 


Potatoes, per bushel. 


Onions, per bushel. 


Cabbages, per 100 pounds. 


Oct. 1. 


Jan. 1. 


Apr. 1. 


Sept. 15. 


Dec. 15. 


Mar. 15. 


Sept. 15. 


Dec. 15. 


Mar. 15. 


1911-12 


SO. 88 
.51 
.74 


SO. 85 
.51 


SI. 17 
.50 


$1.04 

.89 

1.04 


81.13 

.84 


$1.67 

.77 


SI. 94 
1.25 
1.79 


SI. 83 
1.15 


S2.88 


1912-13 


1.03 


1913 . 





















SUGAR CANE. 



The condition of this crop on October 1 was estimated at 85.3 
per cent of normal, compared with 84.9 on September 1, 78.9 on Octo- 
ber 1 last year, and 86.3, the average of the past 10 years on October 1. 
It thus appears that the prospect is moderately below average. 
This crop is confined almost entirely to Louisiana. 



The growth of this crop is confined mostly to central Kentucky, in 
which State the production is estimated at 55 per cent of a full 
crop, or about 69.1 per cent of an average production of recent years. 
The yield per acre is estimated at 855 pounds, against 950 pounds 
last year. 

SUBTROPICAL FRUITS AND NUTS. 

The condition of subtropical fruits and nuts in California declined 
slightly during September and promises on the whole below average 
production. Prospects m Florida, however, are good. 

Condition of subtropical fruits and nuts in California and Florida on Oct. 1, 





California. 


Florida. 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Apricots ' . ....... 


61 
53 
63 
73 
75 

76 
75 
83 
76 
65 


80 
83 
88 
74 
S6 

87 
89 
87 
87 
89 


75 
65 
80 
90 
86 

83 
87 
88 
93 
94 
















Prunes ' 








Olives 
















Grapes: 

Winei 








Raisin 








Table 










S8 

82'" 
88 


100 
95 

100 
92 


75 
73 
56 

78 


Lemons 


Grapefruit 


Limes 

















1 Production compared with a full crop. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 9 

Corn and luheat crops: Estimates and forecasts based iqyon returns October 1, ivith details, 

hij States. 



State. 



Condi- 
tion. 



>^ 



Production 
(in millions). 






Price. 



Spring wlieat. 



Yield per 
acre. 



Production 
(000 omitted). 



AU wlieat. 



Production 
(000 omitted). 



Qual- 
ity. 



Price. 



Maine 

N. Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massacliusetts 
llhode island 

Connecilcut.. 
New York. .. 
Now Jersey . . 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 



Maryland . 
Virginia... 
West Virginia 
fj. Carolina. . 
S. Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

AVisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 
South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi . . . 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma. . . 

Arlvansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico.. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington. . 

Oregon 

California 

U.S... 



P.c 
62 
Go 
70 
72 
S2 

75 
58 
83 
78 
79 

SO 
85 
81 
85 
85 

87 
98 
SO 
SO 
61 

SO 
94 
99 

7' 
44 

90 

79 

10 
60 

C6 

78 
81 
84 
78 

38 
70 
90 
90 
66 

61 
79 
92 

98 

90 
SO 
95 



P.c. 
83 

85 
84 
80 
90 

88 
80 
84 
84 
86 

85 
85 
82 
84 
82 

86 
86 
84 
So 
84 

82 
84 
83 
82 
80 

77 
84 
78 
GO 
8G 

So 
86 
83 
S2 
73 

67 
80 
84 
Sfi 
82 

82 
88 
92 
91 

91 

88 



Bu. 
0.5 
.7 
1.5 
1 



2 
13.8 

9.7 
55.0 

5.9 

23.4 

50 

22.0 

53.2 

34.0 

56.8 

9.3 

147.6 

175.1 

2S4.3 

54.0 
63.9 
90. 

323.0 
122.3 

9.8 
70.6 
102.8 
23.8 
74.5 

66.9 
48.3 
56.5 
39.9 
155.3 

64.2 

45.7 

.9 

.4 

7.4 



Bu. 
0.6 
1.1 

1.8 
2.1 



3.0 
19.8 
10.4 
61. C 

6.6 

24.5 
47.5 
24.5 
51.1 
34.3 

54.0 

8.5 

174. 4 

199. 4 

426.3 

55.2 
58. 3 
78.2 
432.0 
243. 9 

8.8 
76.3 
182. G 
174.2 
109.4 

88.3 
54.2 
50.8 
.32. 5 
153.3 

101.9 

50.5 

.0 

.4 

8.7 

2.1 
.5 

.3 



.4 

.8 

.6 

1.9 



65.3 80.6 



2,374.1 



3, 124. 7 



75.3 



84 80 

99' 93 

851 83 

82| 67 

82 GO 



110 r 
100 ll.s 
63 80 



Bu. 

24.6 



Bu. 



P.c. 
94 



103 lai . 

961 95. 

so; 88 1. 

72| 71 1 . 

71 08. 



6,700 

1,408 

21,862 

1,03S 

8. 073 
10, 0G4 
2,95 
7,055 
972 



5,360 

1,462 

22, 320 

1,942 

8, 985 
8,596 
3, 378 
5,322 
727 



1.732 1,228 



34,323 9,760 
39,534 10,080 
41,903 9,819 



18.6 
16.2 
17.0 



16.3 
13.4 
14.7 



1,916 
67, 959 
5,644 



1,868 
67,038 
5,950 



10.5 
9.0 

12.0 
8.5 



11.8 
12.0 
12.8 
10.8 



79, 095 

33, 075 

3, 576 

442 



143,820 

52, 185 

4,202 

840 



12, 714 
3, 665 
07, 959 
13,460 
39, 586 

79, 695 
33, 075 
G1,GS2 
86, 957 
9,755 

8,208 
374 
126 



21.5 
25.0 
21.0 

19.0 
24.5 
28.0 
31.0 

28.0 
19.0 
19.5 



25.2 
25. 8 
25.2 

21.4 
25.1 
2G.9 
29.5 

24.6 
19.6 
17.9 



7,762 
1,200 
5,670 

494 

49 

2,156 

775 

4,984 
23,161 
4,056 



7,708 
1,285 
6,240 

572 

56 

2,219 

725 

4,952 

26, 459 

4,134 



11,812 

16,380 
1,262 

21,023 
2,000 

10, 122 

1,219 

913 

6,066 

1,097 

14,053 
52, 159 
15,6 
3,822 



13.0 



13.5 



242, 714 



330,348 



753,233 



7,000 
3, 564 
67,038 
12, 850 
23,750 

143,820 
52, 185 
55, 052 
92, 290 
6,860 

7,077 

318 

96 



11,025 

20, 096 
940 
19,346 
2, 181 
10, 968 

1,2.32 

70' 

6,059 

1,13-^ 

14,566 

53,728 
21,018 
6,290 



730,267 



100 



S9| 84 

91 88 

90 95 

91 96 
90 104 
86 121 



87 



121 



88| 89 
87] 87 
901 85 



70 



95 65 

93i 71 

95 73 

92 91 



90. 2j77. 9 



100 
99 
93 

100 

93 
102 
102 
109 
126 



95 
92 

100 

85 
80 
81 
92 

75 

72 
74 

77 



120 
129 
100 



92 

83 77 

89 91 

631 62 



76 

74 

80 
94 
70 
106 

66 
71 
73 

88 



83.4 



1 Forecast based upon condition report Oct. 1. 
12646°— Bull. 560—13 2 



10 FARMEES' BULLETIN NO. 5G0. 

Oats and barley crops: Estimates based upon returns Oct. 1, ivilli details by Stales. 



states. 



Maine 

N. Hampshire 
Vermont.. 

Massachusetts 
Rhode Island 

Connecticut.. 
New York . . . 
New Jersey . . 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 



Maryland . . . 

Virginia 

AV. Virginia. 
N. Carolina. 
S. Carolina.. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin... 
Minnesota... 

Iowa 

Missouri 



N. Dakota.. 
S. Dakota... 
Nebraska... 

Kaiisas 

Kentucky.. . 

Tennessee... 

Alabama 

Mississippi.. 
Louisiana... 
Texas 

Oklahoma... 

Arkansas 

Montana 

AVyoming.. . 
Colorado 

New Mexico, 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California . . . 

U. S.. 



Oats. 



Yield per 
acre. 



Bu. 
40.0 
34.8 
38. 5 
35.0 
26.0 

28. 
33.5 
29.0 
31.0 
30.5 

28.0 
21.5 
24.0 
19.5 
23.5 

22.0 
18.0 
30.2 
21.4 
23.8 

30.0 
36. 5 
37. H 
34.5 
21.2 

25.7 
26. 5 
26. 
19.5 
19.8 

21.0 
20.5 
20.0 
22.0 
32.5 

20.0 
26.5 
43.5 
38.0 
35.0 

30.0 
43.0 
46.0 
43.0 

46.5 
47.5 
42.3 
31.6 



Prod-uction (000 
omitted). 



Bu. 
37.5 
34.2 
37.2 
33.5 
29.0 

32.8 
31.8 
29.5 
30.3 
23.6 

25.9 
19.3 
22.8 
IC. 1 
19.0 

17.2 
14.4 
33.5 
29.7 
31.8 

.30.8 
32. 9 
31.4 
30. 8 
24.4 

2,8.8 

29 

2.i, 

24.0 

21.8 

20 

17 

17 

1.8.5 

29.6 

26. 2 
2l!3 
44.6 
35. 6 
37.6 

31.9 
3(;. 
43.2 
39.9 

43.1 
47.8 
32.8 
33 



Bv. 

5, 440 
418 

3,042 

280 

52 

308 

43,114 

1,972 

35, 774 

122 

1,260 
4, 020 
2,664 
4,251 
8,225 

8,970 

810 

55,055 

37,471 

102, 435 

45,450 
83, 708 
112,531 
168, 326 
26, 246 

57, 928 
42,294 
00, 288 
36, 894 
3,128 

6,069 
5, 863 
2, 600 

748 
29, 250 

20,000 
5,088 

22, 359 
8, 5SS 

10, 570 

1,680 
258 

4,094 
430 

16,182 
13, 775 
1.5, 186 

0,257 



Bu. 

4, 002 
408 

3,311 
272 
57 

338 

36, 714 

1,849 

36,377 

122 

1,350 
3,885 
3, 108 
3, 794 
0,966 

7,571 

740 

03, 280 

79, 799 

182, 726 

51,826 
84, 746 
122, 932 
217,818 
37,125 

95, 220 
52, 390 
55,510 
55,040 
4,035 

5,599 

5,200 

1,966 

70 

31, 140 

23, 494 
3, 4.82 

22, 848 
8,569 

12,412 

1,8.39 
268 

4,222 
400 

17,01 
13,689 
13, 714 

7, 800 



:9.3 29.8 1,122,1391,418,337,89.187.139.6 33.6 23.9 



Quality 



Price. 



CIS. 

54 
58 
58 
5G 
45 

57 

47 
46 
47 
46 

46 
51 
52 
61 
68 

65 

67 
40 
39 
39 

41 
39 
34 
36 
43 

32 
34 

38 
46 
52 

5; 
67 
62 

56 

48 

46 

6; 

34 
43 
45 

75 
55 
39 

47 

41 
40 
35 
55 



Barley. 



Yield per 

acre. 



C/s. Bu. 
52 28.5 
54 28.0 
57 32.0 



29.0 
26.0 



68.. 
73 .. 
33 24.0 
30 25.0 
30 26.0 



24.8 
2.5.0 
24.0 
25.0 
22.0 



Bu. 
29 3 
23.4 
31.5 



26.0 



28.6 
26.8 



27.5 
25.9 
29.0 

25.1 

2.8.0 

24.8 

26. 

22.9 



20.0 21.7 



17.5 
16.0 
8.1 
26.6 

25.0 



31.0 
31.0 
32. 5 

24.0 
39.0 
38.5 
41.0 

42.0 
40.0 
35.0 
26.0 



23. 

22.7 
19.3 
24.5 

23.3 



Production 
(000 omitted). 



Bu 
114 
28 
416 



2,056 



182 



116 
260 



456 

200 

1,378 

2, 108 

20, 075 

33, 984 

11,050 

132 

22, 340 

10, 765 

1,760 

1,426 

80 

50 



1,333 

372 
2,470 

72 

1,.326 

962 

533 

6,930 

7,400 

4,130 

32,578 



Bu. 



2,132 



192 



620 

266 

1,796 

2, 262 

24,843 

42, 018 

14, 570 

149 

35, 162 
23,062 
2, 486 
4,136 

78 

52 



160 



1,424 

374 

2,964 

70 

1,440 

1,125 

492 

6, 916 

7, 869 

4,2,84 

41,760 



25. 5 173, 301 223, 824 86. 4 87. 56. 8 54. 8 



Quality 



P.c 

94 
91 
93 



Price. 



P.c. Cts. 
93 81 
91 90 
93 82 



as. 

75 
93 



92 



51 
55 
45 

73 
74 
54 
74 

60 
55 
56 
69 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. H 

Miscellaneous grain crops: Estimates based upon returns Oct. 1, u'ith details hy States. 





Buck- 
wheat. 


Flaxseed. 


Rice. 


Clover 
-seed. 


Alfair 


I seed 




Kafir 
coin. 


Miliet. 


State. 


Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 


Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 


Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 


Condi- 
tion. 


Yield 
per 

acre. 


Produc- 
tion.' 


Produc- 
tion.' 


Produc- 
tion of 
hay.' 


Produc- 
tion of 
seed.' 




Ci 


t> be 


1 




CO 

en 




m 


en 




1 


o 


CO 




n 




CO 




CD St 


Me 


P.ct. 

85 
84 
78 
71 


P.ct. 
89 
91 
89 
86 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 
100 

85 
100 

68 


Bu. 


Bu. 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 
75 
S3 
90 
S3 
82 

83 

67 
66 
74 
76 

81 
82 
84 
86 
85 

84 


P.ct. 

88 
82 
91 

88 


P.et. 


P.ct. 


N. H 


























Vt 


























Mass 


























R.I 


























Coim 


77 
52 
80 
G8 
bO 

80 
82 
80 
85 


90 
83 
83 
85 

84 

88 
87 
SO 
90 










SO 
81 
80 
55 
70 

C5 
75 
82 
84 














92 

80 
88 
86 

80 
83 
83 
86 

81 

85 






N. Y 














78 
89 
89 








03 
63 
80 
100 

84 
79 
82 
84 
85 

77 


81 


N.J 














100 
92 






86 


Pa 


















77 


Del 




















Md 






















73 


Va 










3.5 


3.5 


82 
80 


83 
00 






79 


W. Va.... 














83 


N. C 






80 
80 

81 
88 


83 
7S 

86 
85 










84 


S.C 


















80 


Ga 










75 














82 


Fla 






















Ohio 


74 
80 
SO 

75 

84 
81 
SO 
57 


83 
S3 
85 

80 
82 
84 
83 
83 






80 
80 
C9 

82 
S3 
83 
85 
C5 

8(1 
79 
75 
70 
73 

72 
80 
SO 
92 
90 

SI 
71 
87 
97 
90 


2.5 
2.0 
2.5 

2.9 
3.5 
2.5 
3.6 
2.5 

3.5 
2.7 
3.0 
3.9 
5.0 


3.2 
2.3 
4.0 

2.6 
5.5 
3.5 
3.0 
3.0 

3.0 
3.0 
2.9 
2.8 

5.S 


90 
82 
80 

90 
87 
85 
90 

79 

100 
90 

100 
95 

85 

80 
100 
92 
50 
75 

85 
75 
98 

SS 
80 

85 
88 
87 
95 

88 
90 
80 

82 

89.4 


82 
83 
84 

82 
79 
82 
80 
80 

99 
81 
80 
73 

78 

92 
105 
89 
40 
85 

81 
82 
100 
93 
CO 

88 
90 
83 
95 

90 
100 
97 
90 

84.2 






75 
70 
64 

■ 84 
% 
89 
85 
47 

80 
80 
62 
30 
66 

65 
78 
85 
84- 
65 

57 

70 
95 
SO 
70 

67 
90 

82 


84 
84 

86 

82 
84 
85 

8G 

82 

78 
84 
82 
78 
83 

,So 
85 
82 

"72' 

75 

78 
89 
86 
81 

' 94' 


77 
73 
65 

81 
92 

82 
85 
42 

75 
75 
61 
50 
64 

04 
77 
70 
80 
58 

53 
74 
100 
85 
70 

60 
100 
90 


79 


Ind 














79 


111.. 








68 


84 


82 


Mich 










76 


Wis 


87 
7S 
89 

47 

74 
70 
80 
67 


85 
82 
SO 
74 

70 
83 
85 
71 










81 


Minn 










81 


Iowa 










82 


Mo 






53 


82 


77 


N. Dak. . . 






74 


S.Dak.... 














80 


Nebr 


5S 
69 


85 
78 






48 
35 


81 
84 


79 


Kans 






72 


Ky 






77 


Term 


7G 


87 














79 


Ala 






87 
81 
80 
79 


84 
82 
87 
90 










78 


Miss 


















82 


La 










2.5 

4.5 

3.7 
2.4 
4.4 
3.7 

3.8 

4.0 
5.0 
5.5 


2.0 

5.7 

3.2 
1.4 
4.3 
4.2 
3.2 

0.0 
5.6 
7.0 








Tex 










07 

52 
75 


76 

81 

78 


69 


Okla 






68 


78 


72 


Ark 






85 


90 


76 


Mont 






80 


80 


61 


Wvo 














78 


Colo 






48 








80 

68 
100 


89 

78 
89 


75 


N.Mex... 














Ariz 


















Utah 














100 
98 

93 
95 
95 
95 

76.1 


97 




























■ 








5.0 
4.3 
4.2 
5.4 


5.0 
4.5 
4.3 

5.S 














Wash... 


























Oreg 


























Cal 










95 




87 
55.1 


91 
83.0 




















01.8 


80.9 






U.S.. 


65.9 


84.2 


74.7 


78.5 


80.3 


87.5 


4.2 


4.0 


62.1 


76. G 



» Production compared with a full crop. 



12 FARMEES' BULLETIN NO. 560. 

Fniil crops: Estimates based upon returns Oct. 1, with details hy Slates. 





Apples, 


Pears. 


Grapes. 


Cranberries 


Tomatoes. 


State. 


Condition Oct. 1. 


Pr 


ice. 


Condition 
Oct. 1. 


Condition 
Oct. 1. 


Condition 
Oct. 1. 


Produc- 
tion.! 












'iB 


c^ 


0) 
> 


o5 


1 
< 


g 


a 
to 

H 




1" 
2 

> 
< 




P.ct. 

47 
40 
24 

55 
72 

70 
34 
57 
43 
40 

41 
34 
12 
35 
30 

45 


P.ct 

75 
75 

74 
76 
63 

65 
73 
47 
£3 
70 

70 

85 
89 

74 
62 

60 


P.ct. 
66 
61 
63 

64 
61 

63 
59 
57 
61 
61 

Co 
58 
55 
57 
56 

53 


Cts. 
75 
96 
105 
100 
100 

60 
75 
63 

78 
55 

100 
65 

105 
75 

115 

85 


Cts. 
55 
65 
60 
80 

100 

72 
50 
60 
56 
55 

50 
42 
41 
65 
100 

80 


p.ct. 
65 
75 
80 
91 
98 

95 
83 
58 
57 
27 

35 
29 
12 
31 
34 

42 
38 
49 
65 
64 

68 
84 


P.ct. 

77 
81 
82 
76 

78 

76 
74 
08 
70 
65 

67 
59 
62 
59 
66 

63 
62 
65 
62 

47 

68 
56 


P.ct. 

70 
69 
72 
86 

S3 

S3 
60 
74 
55 
68 

60 
68 
40 
76 

77 

78 


P.ct. 
93 
89 
85 
83 
79 

79 
83 

84 
78 
81 

78 
75 
69 
78 
75 

77 


P.ct. 
73 


P.ct. 

74 


P.ct. 
83 
76 
70 
79 
81 

80 
68 
86 
SO 

87 

80 
84 
83 
80 
81 

84 
89 
77 
71 
61 

82 
89 
90 
70 
40 

85 
75 
54 
40 
04 

69 
81 
80 

77 
70 

41 
73 
92 
102 
91 

75 

93 

93 

100 

87 
85 
96 
84 


P.ct. 

86 


New Hampshire 


88 


Vermont 






eo 


Massaclansett^ 

Rhode Island 


76 
85 

68 
62 
61 


73 
74 

SO 
79 
75 


87 
89 

90 




87 




85 


Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


S3 






79 


Maryland 






78 








80 


West Virginia 






S3 


North Carolina 






82 


South Carolina 






79 


G eorgia 






83 








77 


Ohio 


£9 
CO 

t;o 

49 
88 
100 
C9 
35 


.59 

48 
48 

78 

50 
20 
75 


47 
45 
40 

56 
60 
69 
52 

46 


95 
60 
60 

50 
55 
60 

eo 

63 


55 
64 
70 

50 
65 
116 

87 
48 


50 

76 

78 

71 
93 
93 

86 
62 


78 
77 
77 

78 
79 
79 
79 
71 






85 




80 


77 


81 


Illinois 


87 




75 

82 


72 

73 


85 


Wisconsin 


86 


Minnesota 


84 


Iowa 


70 
41 


40 
46 






89 


Missouri 






79 


North Dakota 






74 


South Dakota 


83 
49 
29 
51 

42 
46 
50 
60 

52 

43 
58 
77 
90 
75 

71 
75 
82 
75 

69 
79 
55 


60 
63 
71 

70 

80 
61 
60 

68 
76 

73 
73 
90 
100 
70 

65 
85 
91 
95 

94 
89 
94 
86 


72 
54 
47 
49 

51 
53 
50 
52 

58 

60 
52 
86 
80 
70 

61 
70 

77 
75 

80 
78 
78 
SO 


93 
85 
110 
65 

75 

76 

100 

100 

110 

100 
80 
100 


100 
85 
60 
56 

55 

84 

91 
140 
100 

78 
76 
80, 






65 
68 
45 

78 

72 
74 
82 
81 
74 

63 

78 


82 
73 

68 

74 

68 
71 
68 
74 
71 

65 
68 


:;:::;i::::: 


80 


Nebraska 


57 
34 

45 

32 
46 
59 
70 

48 

38 
48 
80 


55 
53 
54 

51 
58 
57 
64 
61 

53 
48 
81 






80 


Kansas 






73 








87 


Tennessee 






84 


Alabama 




84 


Mississippi 






82 


Louisiana 






73 


Texas 






70 


Oklahoma 






63 


Arkansas 






76 


Montana 






77 


Wyoming 










80 


Colorado 


85 

100 

190 
85 
180 

85 

87 

84 

100 


88 

100 

204 
75 
110 

SO 
65 
73 
70 


58 

70 
81 
75 

72 

79 
78 
82 
70 


65 

72 
81 
72 
69 

77 
82 
80 
83 


72 

83 
90 
90 
90 

95 

88 
90 
79 


76 

71 
82 
89 
76 

87 
88 
88 
89 






77 


New Mexico 






75 


Arizona 






88 


Utah 






89 


Nevada 






84 


Idaho 






&3 


Washington 






79 


Oregon 






84 


California 






90 










United States.. 


46.6 


67.8 


54.1 


76.5 


62.2 


58.1 


66.5 


73.3 


83.3 


71.5 


74.1 


77.0 


81.7, 



1 Production compared with a full crop 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



13 



VegeiaUe crops: Edimates and 



nd forecasts based upon returns Oct. 1, xvith details hj 
States. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connect icu 
New York 
New Jersey 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 




5?, 


S2 


£4 


71 


83 


85 


e.F 


81 


81 


TC 


87 


85 


122 


81 


84 


fi-) 


S3 


85 


1?0 


89 


89 


SR 


73 


81 


.';4 


C9 


79 


C4 


£9 


81 


41 






35 






31 






,=3 


67 


82 


08 


46 


78 


32 
43 










58 






74 


47 


77 


()9 


67 


83 




05 


S3 


05 


79 


84 


'H 


81 


82 


KC. 


85 


86 


Ill 


68 


71 


107 


50 


76 


92 


71 


78 








rg 






CO 

1C4 
101 
43 


















75 






4f. 






4-' 






38 
71 






86 


93 


£1.1 


80.1 


83.1 



14 



PAEMEES' BULLETIN KO. 560. 



Vegetable crops: Estimates and forecasts hased upon returns Oct. 1, tvith details hy 

States — Continued. 





Cabbages. 


Onions. 


Beans. 


State. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Production.! 


Yield per 

acre. 


Production.' 


Production.J 




1913 


1912 


1913 


Aver- 
age. 


1913 


1912 


1913 


Aver- 
age. 


1913 


Aver- 
age. 




Tons. 
6.8 
6.5 
4.8 
6.S 
6.8 

0.7 
5.5 
5.5 
4.8 
5.0 

3.5 
2.7 
4.0 
2.7 
2.8 

3.9 


Tens. 
8.0 
7.2 
5.7 
7.0 
8.5 

7.5 
10.0 
6.0 
5.5 
4.5 

4.1 
2.5 
4.5 
3.0 
3.0 

2.9 


P.ct. 

80 

77 
80 
84 
78 

85 
60 
80 
73 
82 

73 
75 

79 
78 
82 

78 
87 
68 
63 
60 

78 
84 
83 
57 
34 

90 
70 
45 
40 
55 

€5 
80 
80 
80 
77 

38 
69 
91 
90 

88 

80 
90 

87 
94 

91 
85 
91 
85 


P. cl. 

86 
85 
90 
86 
84 

87 
82 
81 

77 
74 

74 
78 
82 
78 
80 

80 
78 
83 
79 
80 

80 
82 
82 
79 
71 

72 
79 
75 
71 
79 

82 
82 
77 
76 
67 

56 
72 
90 
85 
87 

79 

87 
89 
89 

90 
84 
89 
91 


Bush. 
328 
300 
270 
310 
250 

190 
207 
175 
160 
160 

170 
110 
175 
95 
110 

90 


Bush. 
210 
239 
300 
340 
300 

260 
245 
240 
200 
200 

180 
100 
100 
100 
125 

100 


P.ct. 

SO 
80 
78 
71 

73 
74 
83 
83 
90 

84 

88 
89 

87 
87 

88 


P. ct. 
86 
87 
85 
81 
79 

83 
84 
83 
84 
85 

83 
86 
87 
87 
85 

84 


P.ct. 
83 
79 

75 
84 
85 

78 
65 
87 
78 


P.ct. 
84 




86 




i 86 




82 




81 




85 




82 




82 




81 








76 

77 
82 
84 
85 

82 


80 




80 




81 




81 




78 


Georgia 


82 






Ohio 


4.5 
3.9 
2.9 

4.6 
9.0 
6.8 
2.9 
1.2 

2.0 
2.5 
2.0 
1.0 
2.0 

2.3 
2.4 
4.1 
3.6 
4.0 

1.2 
2.5 
6.0 
3.5 
4.0 

3.5 
4.0 
6.8 
5.7 

5.3 
5.2 
4.2 
5.5 


5.2 
4.1 
4.0 

5.7 
9.2 
10.5 
5.0 
2.5 

2.4 
7.0 
3.0 
2.7 
2.4 

2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 
3.0 

2.0 
2.1 
5.5 
5.0 
6.5 

4.0 
5.5 
7.0 
7.0 

5.5 
6.7 
5.8 
7.0 


180 
200 
115 

200 
205 
180 
115 
60 

150 
140 
90 
75 
100 

100 
110 
90 
150 

98 

65 
105 
180 
190 
200 

130 
140 
225 
140 

170 
190 
215 
215 


275 
275 
100 

225 
210 
210 
150 
105 

150 
150 
130 
130 
100 

110 
100 
90 
140 
120 

90 
120 
175 
210 
225 

145 
1.50 
260 
200 

230 
230 
220 
150 


75 
72 
66 

84 
81 
88 
06 
54 

90 
80 
60 
58 
81 

81 
83 
85 

88 
78 

62 

78 
90 
90 
80 

83 
87 
94 
95 

90 
86 
92 
86 


85 
85 
86 

SO 
84 

84 
82 
80 

74 
83 

78 
77 
87 

89 
86 
85 

82 
77 

74 
84 
91 
85 
89 

82 
89 
92 
91 

94 
89 
91 
91 


75 
64 
57 

77 
86 
90 
73 
30 

90 
80 
75 
50 
56 

50 
70 
70 
74 
67 


80 




78 




80 


Michigan 


78 




84 




82 


Iowa 


84 




75 


North Dakota 


74 


South Dakota 


82 




79 




73 


Kentucky 


82 




83 




80 


Mississippi 


79 
81 




70 








60 
98 
91 

85 

69 

88 


74 


Montana 


89 




93 


Colorado 


87 


New Mexico .. 


79 




88 


Utah 










Idaho 


96 
89 
95 
80 


88 




86 




89 


California 


88 






United States 


4.9 


6.7 


71.2 


79.5 


171 


200 


77.6 


84.2 


75.7 


80.9 







1 Production compared with a full crop. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 

Miscellaneous crops — Estimates based upon returns Oct. 1, uith details by States. 





Tobacco. ' Sorghum. ^"^f! 

LCGIS. 


Peanuts. 


^;-- Hops. Co.-pcas. 


States and Ter- 
riiorie.3. 


Condition Condition 
Oct. 1. Oct. 1. 


Condition 
Oct. 1. 


Condition 
Oct. 1. 


Troduc- 
tion.i 


Yield 
per acre. 


Cmlifv Condition 




tn 


1 

< 


OS 


60 

O 
i> 

< 


m 




o 


> 
< 


o 


1 


1 


1 
> 
< 


CS 


1 

> 
<< 


ri 


i 

< 


Maine 


P.ci 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. P.ct. 


P.ct. P.ct. 


P.ct. Lbs. 

r 


Lbs. 


P.ct. 


1 

P.ct. P.ct. 
i 


p. a. 


New Hampshire.. 


90 
79 

84 


95 
92 
91 










1 










1 




Vermont 












1 










1 




Massachusetts 












1 






[ 


1 




Rhode Island 




\ 






1 ■ 




• 


1 




Connecticut 


85 
60 


94 

88 




1 












1 








New York 




i ■ 












oSOi 577; SO 

I 


85 






New Jersey 


















88 
80 

88 

81 
85 

84 
80 
74 

80 


89 

82 
85 

86 
80 
81 


Pennsvlvania 


70 


89 






":::rv.\ 








1 i j 




Delaware 
















i 1 1 




Maryland 


82 
88 
75 
84 
84 

91 
88 
67 
72 
65 


83 
83 
84 
78 
80 

89 
91 

84 

ra 

86 
















.:.::! .i:: 






84 
84 
87 

83 

87 
90 
81 

78 
05 


83 
86 
84 
80 

85 
80 
8fi 
85 
84 






86 


79 










West Virginia 
















North Carolina. . . 






84 
82 

85 
90 


81 
82 

^6 

8> 












77 


South Carolina. . . 
















74 

80 


Georgia 
















Florida 


















Ohio 


So 


87 
















81 
73 
69 

71 


88 
83 

£■5 

S2 


Indiana 










1 






Illincis 


<S0 


86 
86 






70 


82 


■ 1 ■ 




















Wisconsin 


90 


85 


9] 
91 

7P 
4S 


87 

85 
84 


f. 87l 




.. 














Minnesota 


rc 


86 


















81 

7S 
4S 


80 


























52 


85 










40 


SO 










82 


North Dakota.... 




















South Dakota 






75 
55 
42 

70 

72 
81 
81 
84 
73 

56 
71 




























Nebraska 






87 
85 

84 

85 
82 
79 
87 
SO 

S3 

78 


60 


8S 
83 






55 
55 


84 

78 














Kansas 


















6C 
68 

05 
73 
73 

69 

OS 

55 
65 


85 
84 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 


67 

73 
85 


as 

85 
84 


















C5 
82 
83 
81 
. 73 

60 
73 


83 
85 
82 
86 

77 

72 

78 


67 


84 










Alabama 












80 
77 
81 


Mississippi 
















Louisiana 


83 

75 


85 

81 
















Texas 






56 
45 


70 
75 










73 

77 


Oklahoma 














Arkansas 


70 


82 














79 


Montana 


97 
95 

87 

84 
GO 
92 


96 
95 
90 

77 
86 
97 


...::: 










Wyoming 






























Colorado 














CO 


84 










SO 

70 
95 
98 


89 
S3 


New Mexico 










05 
95 


74 
89 










Arizona 






90 
85 


88 
90 














89 
86 


Utah 


















Nevada 






















Idaho 










95 
95 


91 
91 






















Washington 


















1,615 
1,250 
1,600 


1,393 
1,030 
1,354 


94 
100 
97 


93 
94 
94 


SO 
93 
94 


89 
92 


Oregon 


















California 










84 


92 










og 






















United States 


76.6 


S3.1 


70.2 


83.1 


80.2 


89.7 


83.6 


83.0 


50.3 


80.4 


1,150 


1,071 


96.4 


92.5 













Leon M. Estabeook, 

Chief Bureau of Statistics. 



16 

WEATHER CONDITIONS DURING THE PAST MONTH WITH 
RELATION TO CROPS. 

The severe lieat wave that had continued during the greater part 
of the summer over the Middle West was terminated about the end 
of the first decade in September, since which time much unseasonably 
cool weather has prevailed. Following the close of the heated period 
general rains set in over the western portions of the corn and cotton 
belts, where drought had so persistently prevailed, and throughout 
the remainder of the month precipitation was of frequent occurrence 
in those districts as well as to the eastward. 

For the month of September as a whole the average temperature 
over the great Central Valleys was nat far from the normal, the 
extreme heat of the first decade largely overcoming the contmued 
cold of the last two decades of the month, while in other districts the 
departures from the average were moderate. Rainfall was above 
normal over much of the country, esjDecially in the districts where 
drought had previously prevailed, the amounts in portions of the 
central and west Gulf States and over the Plains region as far north- 
ward as Kansas and Colorado being in many cases far in excess of 
the average. 

For the period October 1 to date the weather has been moderately 
warm over all the great agricultural districts and rain has been 
heavy in many portions of the cotton region. The general outlook 
is for seasonal weather in the near future, without marked extremes 
in temperature, but with normal rainfall, and there is no indication 
at the present time of general frosts in the South. 

Unusually early frost in September caused considerable injury to 
staple crops in the interior portions of New York and New England, 
and killing frosts have been rather general over the northern portions 
of the corn belt, but no material damage occurred, due to the early 
maturity of that crop on account of high temperatures and lack of 
rain in the latter part of the growing season. The weather was 
mostly favorable for cutting and curing the corn crop and for the 
growth of fall pasturage, but dry weather had interfered with plow- 
ing and succeeding wet weather has delayed seeding, so that the 
wheat crop is generally being sown somewhat later than usual, but 
under favorable conditions as regards soil moisture. 

In the Southern States heavy to excessive rains have doubtless 
caused considerable injury and loss to cotton in the fields, and the 
continued Vv^et weather has materially interfered with cotton picking, 
especially in the States to westward of the Mississippi River, v.^here 
dry weather is now much needed. The abundant rainfall has been 
beneficial to top-growth cotton, and if frost is sufficiently delayed 
a considerable addition to the crop may be expected from that 
source. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. . 17 

In the great fruit districts of the West the weather has been mostly 
favorable for maturing and picking, and the drying of raisins and 
other fruits has progressed satisfactorily. 

C. F. Marvin, 
Chief of Weatlier Bureau. 



THE OUTLOOK FOR MEAT PRODUCTION. 

This discussion of the outlook for meat production in the United 
States is offered in the belief that the present situation is far from 
being serious enough to occasion alarm, and that the country is well 
able to meet the present deficiencies, which are due largely to impor- 
tant changes in our system of cattle raising. 

Coupled with the rapid settlement of the grazing ranges and the 
division of these natural pastures into cultivated farms, has been 
the increase in the value of corn, which acted as a deterrent to corn 
feeding of cattle for market on the small farm. At the same time, 
the wide spread in the South of the cattle tick, the occurrence of hog 
cholera, and other diseases which militated against meat production, 
have tended to lessen the supply of meat animals. 

The articles which follow are designed to point out ways and means 
by which meat production in the settled sections may be increased. 
The writers of these articles have treated the subject not from a 
theoretical point of view, but have borne in mind constantly the 
fact that the farmer, before he will undertake the raising of more 
meat animals, must see in them a source of direct profit. 

The writers realize that in many instances the farmer can not 
begin at once to raise meat cattle mth profit, and that several pre- 
liminary readjustments of farm economy are necessary before the 
production of meat animals can be made a source of positive profit 
in the more settled sections. 



THE MEAT SITUATION. 

The high cost of meat is a serious reality, and it is now obvious 
that the rise in prices in recent years is the natural result of an 
actual shortage in production. This condition is reflected in the per 
capita consumption of meat in the United States, which is esti- 
mated to have fallen off 10 pounds m 4 years, or from 162 pounds in 
1909 to 152 pounds in the fiscal year 1913. (These figures are exclu- 
sive of lard.) It is evident that the country is facing an era of 
short production of meat, and that some constructive means must 
be adopted if the American appetite for this class of food is to be 
supplied. 



18 



TAEMEES BULLETIN NO. 5C0. 



The decline in beef production is especialh/ marked. This is shown 
in three different ways — by the number of cattle on hand, the num- 
ber received at maiket centers, and the number slaughtered. A 
decrease in market receipts and in the slaughter with a correspond- 
ing increase in the number remaining in the country would not be 
alarming; but when with a dunmishing slaughter we are depleting 
our stock of cattle there can be no doubt of the gravity of the situ- 
ation. 

In the last six years the number of beef cattle in the country has 
apparently fallen off over 30 per cent, while the population has of course 
increased. According to estimates of the Bureau of Statistics of the 
Department of Agriculture, the beef cattle in the country on January 
1, 1907, numbered 51,566,000, and at the beginning of the present 
year the number was only 36,030,000. Meanwhile the number of 
dairy cows has remained practically stationary. 

The receipts of cattle at six of the principal live-stock markets 
(Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, St. Joseph, and Sioux City) 
for the first 9 months of 1913, as reported in market journals, were 
verv slightly in excess of the receipts for the same period of 1912, 
but in comparison with 1911 there was a decrease of nearly 10 per 
cent. 

The slaughter of beef under Government inspection, which covers 
more than half of the total slaughter of the country, shows a steady 
faUing off since 1910, the total declme amounting to over 800,000 
carcasses, ecjuivalent to about 450 million pounds of dressed beef. 
Applying the ratio of Federally inspected slaughter to total slaughter 
according to the census figures for 1909, this means a faUing off of 
1,419,000 cattle, or approximately 780 million pounds of beef, in the 
entire slaughter of the country from 1910 to 1913. The foilo^\dng 
table shows the inspected slaughter in detail for the past four years. 
Sheep show a steady increase, as do hogs for a portion of the period, 
but the quantity of meat furnished by these smaller animals is of 
course relatively less than that from cattle. 

Animals slaughtered under Federal inspection, fiscal years 1910 to 1913. 



Year ended June 30— 


Cattle. 


Calves. 


Swine. 


Sheep. 


Goats. 


1910 


7,9G2,1S9 
7,781,030 
7,532,005 
7, 155, 816 


2, 295, 099 
2, 219, 908 
2, 242, 929 
2, 098, 484 


27,656,021 
29, 916, 363 
34,966,378 
32, 287, 538 


11,149,937 
13, 005, 502 
14, 208, 724 
14,724,465 


115,811 


1911 


54, 145 


1912 


63,983 


1913 


66,556 







With our diminished production in the face of the heavy demand 
and high prices of the home market we no longer have a surplus for 
export, and it is no wonder that our export trade in meat animals 
and products has decHned heavily. Our once great trade with Eng- 



THE AGPJCULTUEAL OUTLOOK, 19 

land in cattle and fresh beef has vanished, and the only considerable 
items nowsliipped to foreign markets are prepared hog products, such 
as bacon, hams, and lard. From 1904 to 190G our exports of live 
cattle approximated 600,000 head annually. For the last fiscal year 
(1913) they numbered only 24,714, about one-tenth of which went 
to Great Britain. 

Up to the present year our meat imports have been so negligible 
that they were not separately listed in the commerce returns. Ship- 
ments of beef have recently been received from Austraha on the one 
coast and from Argentina on the other. For years an unimportant 
number of cattle of the class known as ''stockers" have come from 
Canada and Mexico. 

While future imports may afford some measure of relief, too much 
reliance should not be placed upon this source of supply. A study 
of the statistical situation in other countries does not disclose where 
we are likely to obtain any large quantity of beef for an extended 
period. Besides our nearest neighbors, Canada and Mexico, the 
sources of imports arc practically limited to South America (especially 
Ai'gentina) and AustraUa. New Zealand exports large quantities 
of mutton but very little beef. Canada and Mexico do not at 
present give promise of substantial assistance. The number of beef 
cattle in Canada is only about one-ninth of that in the United 
States, and shows a steady decrease amounting to over 11 per cent 
in the last 5 years. Recently thousands of cattle have been brought 
in from Canada, mainly because of poor pasturage and partial failure 
of the hay crop there. This movement may continue for a time, but 
it will naturally have the effect of further reducing Canada's stock of 
cattle. The unsettled conditions in Mexico make it unUkely that 
any considerable number of cattle can be expected from that country 
for at least a few years. Argentina and Australia, are already sup- 
plying most of the British imports, and have been called upon to 
make up the loss in the supply formerly furnished by the United 
States. The Australian colonies, however, are sheep rather than 
cattle countries and export probably four tunes as much mutton and 
lamb (by weight) as beef. Argentina is a large producer and exporter 
of beef, but has apparently reached the limit of its present cattle 
resources. The number of cattle in that country showed a decrease 
at the last census (1911) as compared with the preceding one (1908). 
The report from Buenos Aires that 7,262,000 cattle were killed in 1912 
out of a total stock of 29,000,000 indicates that Argentina is draw- 
ing on its reserve. 

It appears that England alone could probably take all of the foreign 
beef available for export, to say nothing of the nev/ markets which 
have aheady been formed in other European countries. We shall 
therefore have to bid against England and other purchasers of foreign 



20 FAKMEFvS' BULLETIN NO. 5G0. 

beef, and (his competition v>-ill tend to keep up prices. It must be 

remembered, too, that this foreign l^eef is not up to the standard of 

quality of our corn-fed beef. 

In y\e\v of the present meat situation at home and abroad, it is 

unhkely that our cattle raisers will have much to fear from foreign 

beef. 

James M. Pickens, 

Bureau af Anmial Industry. 



NEED FOR LOCAL MARKETS FOR LIVE STOCK. 

Before the days of the packing house each locality produced its 
own meat. The packing house, with artificial refrigeration, made it 
possible to ship dressed meat long distances. Live stock produced on 
the range and fuiished on cheap corn supplied the packers vdXh cheap 
meat, vni\\ which they soon captured the markets of the country. 
The local butchers stopped butchering and began to handle the pack- 
ers' meats. This destroyed the local markets for live animals, and as 
a result the production of beef in the older farming sections was prac- 
tically discontinued and the production of other meat animals was 
greatly reduced. 

In recent years the high price of corn and the reduction in the area 
of the range has v/rought a great change in the live-stock situation. 
At present the meat supply is decreasing and the consumption is 
increasing. This situation has forced upon us a problem which can 
be met in but one way, and that is more live stock must be produced 
upon farms. 

Two thmgs are necessary to induce the farmer to produce live stock: 
First, he must have a ready market for his animals, whether few or 
many; and, second, he must be able to rcahze a profit on their pro- 
duction. 

MARKETS FOR LIVE STOCK. 

Farmers will not produce to any extent a crop for which there is 
not a ready market. Except in the vicinity of some of the larger 
cities, the older farming sections have very poor markets for animals 
on the hoof. Often there is no market at all for animals in small 
lots, and tliis is the only kind of market that is worth much to the 
farmer. If beef is ever produced extensively on the farm.s, it prob- 
ably will be as a side Hne and not as the main product. In this case 
cattle in large numbers wiU never be produced by one man, as in the 
West. Therefore, the central market which suits the rancher and 
feeder does not suit the farmer. He needs some kind of a local 
market. 

Of course when meat production in a community becomes estab- 
lished, buyers will come in and pick up the small lots, put them 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 21 

togetlier and sliip tliem to the central markets. But at present in 
many farming communities which are producing practically no meat, 
there are some farmers who would, if they had a market, begin to 
produce some live stock, because they think they'can do so mthout 
much additional labor or expense. But where is the beginner in 
such a community going to find a market? He alone can not find 
it; he must have the assistance of some of his neighbors. By co- 
operating, several farmers in a neighborhood can plan to raise the 
same kind of animals, have them ready for market at the same time, 
and ship in carload lots. This wdll make it possible for a few farmers 
in any community to secure a ready market at aU seasons. How- 
ever, until the spirit of cooperation becomes stronger among our 
farmers, this plan will not be regarded as furnishing very ready 
markets. In communities where a large quantity of Uve stock is 
produced, the farmers can, under fair competition, cooperate and 
slaughter it themselves for local consumption, if they wish to do so. 
When the farms become the main source of our meat supply, as 
seems inevitable, much economy will be gained where each commu- 
nity produces its own meat supply. Under such circumstances local 
slaughtering of some sort on a scale sufficiently large to be done 
economically seems essential to the greatest economy. This would 
tend to steady the market as well as to increase the economy of pro- 
duction, slaughtering, and marketing. At present, however, the 
important consideration is a good market for animals in small num- 
bers. It is useless to expect the farmers to become interested in live- 
stock production until there is a ready market. 

ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF MEAT. 

At present the most fundamental factor in profitable meat produc- 
tion is the cost of pasturage and feed. The ranges of the West are 
falling off in meat production because their areas are decreasing. 
The farming sections have more surplus feed than the ranges, but 
they have not the pastures. If this falling off in the range pasturage 
were replaced by pasturage of better quality on the farms, and if 
suitable markets for the farms were created, is it reasonable to con- 
clude that the normal production of live stock would be restored? 
That will depend very largely upon the cost of the farm pastures. 

FARM PASTURES. 

Except on the level prairie lands, almost every farm contains some 
land that is too rough for cultivation. In the mountainous and semi- 
mountainous regions the percentage of such land is very liigh. There 
are also many farms that contain fields which are subject to frequent 
overflow. These rough lands and overflow lands, while often very 



22 TARMEKS' BULLETIN HO. 560. 

rich, are usually not profitable for cultivation. There are many mil- 
lions of acres of such lands in the United States, now lying idle or 
being cultivated at a loss, that could be made into excellent perma- 
nent pastures. 

In many cases it will require considerable work to improve these 
pastures, but once it is done little will be recjuired to keep them up. 
The small farmer can devote his spare time to this work, and by 
improving a few acres each year add materially to the permanent 
value of his place. Few farmers are improving these v/aste lands as 
pastures. Furthermore, little is known as to the best methods of 
improving them. There are many difficult problems involved, as, 
for example, how best to remove or destroy the brush, what is the 
best treatment of the soil for grass, the best mixtures of grass for 
certain conditions of soil and climate, the best systems of grazing, 
the best way to prevent the growth of weeds, etc. These and similar 
problems must be solved for each locality, and in but few places have 
they received much attention. A large amount of information is 
needed but little is available, since but few investigations in this line 
have been made. 

As to the possibility of converting a very large per cent of these 
waste lands into permanent pastures, there is little doubt; but as to 
the cost of doing it little is known. However, it is reasonable to 
suppose that if the developing of these pastures were thoroughly 
understood the cost Avould not be prohibitive, particularly when the 
permanency of the pasture is considered. The establishment of 
these pastures seems to be a necessity in order to put the live-stock 
industry of this country on a sound basis. This is particularly true 
in the case of the meat-producing animals. Dairy cattle, which have 
a greater earning capacity, can be kept on much higher priced land 
and, under some conditions, without pasturage. 

FEED. 

A large percentage of the farms containing rough land suitable only 
for pastures are devoted to general farming and produce large quan- 
tities of feed. Often much of it is wasted; but with proper care such 
farms usually can have enough to winter a certain number of animals. 
It is upon this type of farm that live stock can be kept most econom- 
ically, because with a good pasture on the waste land and a careful 
utilization of forage, such a farm can be made to carry some live stock 
without materially affecting the other activities of the place. 

THE NEEDS OF THE SITUATION. 

There are many minor factors that have an important bearing on 
the live-stock industry; such, for example, as the control and eradi- 
cation of contagious diseases, the skill of the farmer in handling 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK.; 23 

animals, the kind of animals used, the eradication of the cattle tick 
in the South, etc. But with all these factors properly adjusted, the 
meat problem can not be solved until improved pasturage and cheap 
feed make economical production of meat on the farms possible and 
until the farmers are supphed with good markets for live stock. 

The making and maintaining of cheap pastm-es is a subject for 
extensive investigations. The subject of live-stock marketing also 
requires study; and smce cooperation is the best solution, it is impor- 
tant to teach the farmer how to cooperate. 

The efficiency of any methods that may bo developed by investi- 
gations must stand the practical test with animals. Therefore such 
tests should begin at once. There are a few farmers in almost every 
locality who are mlhng to help make such tests vnth various lands 
of live stock. They are willing to furnish the land and tho animals 
and do the work if they are given some assistance by a sldlled live- 
stock man. Such tests will have more educational value in solving 
the problems of profitable production and efficient marketing than 
anything else that can be done. 

The farms of this country have almost unfimited possibiUties for 
live-stock production. If the farmers can be shown how to produce 
live stock at a reasonable profit and how to get a ready market for it 
when it is produced, they \\dll furnish all the meat that is needed. 

B. H. Rawl, 
Chief of Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry. 



FUTURE MEAT SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The question naturally arises wdiether we have reached the era of 
permanent scarcity of meat which comes sooner or later to all densely 
populated countries, or whether, by adopting suitable measures, we 
can for a period increase supplies to meet the needs of our increasing 
population. Whether this can be done depends on the underlying 
causes of the present shortage and the possibility of remedying them. 

It is clear that the farmer is not making exorbitant profits from 
live stock and its products. If such were the case he would produce 
more instead of less of them. Except on the ranges, beef cattle have 
always been produced at a very small average profit, frequently at a 
loss. Farmers have produced beef mainly because they have been 
taught that live stock in some form is necessary to the conservation 
of soil fertility. We are now begmnmg to learn that this is not nec- 
essarily true, so that farmers no longer feel compelled to keep unprofit- 
able animals merely for the manure they produce. This, in part, 
accounts for the decrease in beef cattle, and this factor will increase 
rather than decrease in importance as time goes on. 



24 PARMEF.S' BULLETIIT KO. 580.- 

METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION.' 

An important reason why farmers produce less meat than formerly 
is to be found in the sj^stem of distribution from producer to con- 
sumer that has grown up in this country. In most of the countries 
of Europe public abattoirs have been constructed to which farmers 
ma}^ consign theu" fat stock, the meat from which is then sold to the 
consumer without passing through the hands of an mtermmable line 
of middlemen each of whom takes his toll. In this country the farmer 
receives only a small fraction of the price paid by the consumer. 
Enormous packing establishments have monopolized the busmess, 
and there is little or no competition in buying the farmer's stock. 
The enormous fortunes that have grown up in this business in recent 
years show that the farmer has not been gettmg his full share of the 
profits. 

Again, the retail meat business as at present conducted in cities 
renders enormous profits necessary. Numerous small groceries, each 
v/ith its independent deliver}?^ system, clerks, fixtures, etc., each serve 
a few patrons scattered over considerable overlapping areas. Better 
organization of the retail business, whereby it shall be conducted in 
larger units, with well-systematized methods of delivery, are seri- 
ously needed. Such organization should greatly lessen the retail 
price of meats and at the same time permit the farmer to receive bet- 
ter prices. This would encourage greater production. Private organ- 
izations for the systematizing of the retailing of meats, without public 
supervision, will not meet the situation. Such organizations have 
already grown up in the retail milk business, but instead of cheapening 
the product to consumers, or increasing the price to producers-, they 
have converted the saving thus effected into exorbitant profits. 
Public abattoirs, with public sale of the meats of animals slaughtered 
at them, have become a crying need in this country. 

EFFECT OF HOG CHOLERA. 

The onl}^ meat-producing animal that has been distinctly profit- 
able to the farmer during the past decade is swine. But these have 
not increased in numbers, because of the danger from hog cholera. 
There is every reason to believe that the elimination of this disease 
would result in an immediate marked increase in the number of these 
animals. This would soon lower the price to the farmer sufficiently 
to check the increase, so that there is little chance that the deficiency 
in meat would be entirely met from this source. Besides, pork 
products would not serve the purpose of beef in our dietary. There 
is now a preventive serum for hog cholera, the use of which may 
result in an important increase in the supply of pork products. 



THE AGEICULTTJEAL OUTLOOK.; 25 

FUTURE SUPPLY OF SHEEP. 

Sheep are not generally profitable to the farmer. Their numbers 
are slowly decreasing nearly everywhere except on the ranges, and 
the latter are so fully stocked that not much increase is to be looked 
for in that du*ection. There is no probability of any considerable 
future increase in the number of these anknals. 

POULTRY. 

Most of the poultry products of this country are produced on 
farms under conditions that render the cost of production nominal. 
Much of the food consists of waste grains, insects, etc., which cost 
nothing. Most of the labor requhed is done at times that would 
not otherwise be profitably employed, or by members of the house- 
hold who would otherwise be earning nothing. The farm price of 
poultry products is largely fixed by this nominal cost of production. 
Under such conditions, it is only the exceptional individual who can 
make poultry profitable as a major enterprise. There is, therefore, 
no prospect of increase m products of this class in greater ratio than 
the increase in population. 

DECREASE IN BEEF CATTLE. 

While many causes have contributed to the amazmg decrease m 
the numbers of beef cattle in this country in recent years, the 
decrease m the number of cattle on the ranges of the West and the 
recent marked increase in the price of corn without a corresponding 
increase in the value of beef cattle on the farm are the prmcipal ones. 

During the last census period corn increased in value at the farm 80 
per cent, while steers increased in value only a small fraction of this 
amount. Steer feeding was not highly profitable even under the old 
conditions. Under the new conditions the business was conducted 
at a loss for several years. But cattle have been higher and corn 
lower in price since 1910, until the drought of this year. Even now, 
with corn selling at a dollar a bushel in some western beef-feeding sec- 
tions, the price of cattle at the farm is little higher than before the 
effects of the drought were noticeable. 

The ranges were long ago quite fully stocked. In recent years 
much of the best of the range has been converted to dry farming. 
The poorer ranges, suitable only for sheep, have not been so much 
occupied by farmers. Hence cattle have decreased while sheep were 
slowly increasing on the range. A flurry of high prices for range cattle 
a few years ago caused many cattlemen to dispose of a large propor- 
tion of young female stock, thus leading to later decrease in the size 
of their herds. Since a large proportion of the cattle fattened in the 
corn belt come from the ranges, there has been in recent years a 
notable shortage of feeders. 



26 FARMEES' BULLETIN NO. 560. 

POSSIBILITIES OF INCREASE IN CATTLE. 

There are several possibilities of increase in the number of beef 
cattle. In the first place, young cattle have increased greatly in 
price with the prevailmg shortage of feeder stock. This tends to 
make profitable the growing of young stock of the beef breeds on 
farms that could not afl'ord to do so formerly. Any considerable- 
increase in the price of beef cattle at the farm would probably result 
in a few years in a marked increase in the rearing of calves on farms, 
if not on ranges. It would also tend to stop the slaughter at birth 
of male calves of the dairy breeds, as well as to decrease the number 
of calves of both sexes now made into veal. 

There can not be a great mcrease in cattle on the ranges, for reasons 
already given. 

The elimmation of the cattle tick in the South, thus removing the 
danger from tick fever, will undoubtedly have an important bear- 
ing on the future supply of beef cattle in this country. The South, 
with her short, mild wmters and her abundance of good grasses, can 
grow young cattle cheaper than the North, though she can not fatten 
them so cheaply as can the corn-belt States. With the tick elimi- 
nated, the South could thus produce millions of feeders which could 
be fattened in the North, to the profit of the southern farmer and the 
advantage of the northern corn grower and the consumer of beef as 
well. The eradication of the cattle tick thus rises to the dignity of 
an important national problem. Already more than one-fourth of 
the infested area has been cleared, and the work is progressing rap- 
idly under the joint auspices of the Nation and the States concerned. 
But it has requhed seven years to remove ticks from one-fourth of 
the area. This work should be pushed more vigorously. 

FOREIGN SUPPLIES. 

The importation of beef from Argentina has already begun. What 
proportions this trade may assume and what effect it may have on 
domestic supplies and prices can not be fully foreseen. It seems 
probable that, with meat scarce and dear in Europe, it can hardly 
become plentiful and cheap in this country as the result of importa- 
tions which are free to enter the markets of England. If importa- 
tions should reduce the price of cattle on the farm the domestic 
supply wall undoubtedly decrease, but this does not appear to be 
likely. The foreign supply seems hardly sufficient to supply both 
Europe and America with cheap beef, unless it be of very poor 
quality. 

W. J. Spillman, 
Agriculturist in CJiarge, Office of Farm Management, 

Bureau of Plant Industry. 



IHE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 

THE INFLUENCE OF THE AVERAGE FARM ON THE MEAT 

SUPPLY. 

The question lias been asked, "Wliat is feasible to increase the 
output of meat on the average farm ?" 

The output of meat on the average farm can be increased (a) by 
the prevention of waste, (b) by the use of more economical methods, 
and (c) by the increase of production. 

(a) The amount of waste in animal production reaches very large 
totals. For example, it is estimated that 15 per cent, or $45,000,000, 
of the annual value of our egg crop is lost on account of improper 
methods of handling. Of this amount, one-third, or $15,000,000, is 
due to "blood rings." Blood rings are dead embryos, and an embryo 
can only develop in a fertile egg. Hens which do not run with male 
birds do not lay fertile eggs, but they lay just as many eggs as if the 
males were with them. The presence of male birds, and that alone, 
causes all the blood rings in the eggs of commerce. Practically all 
of these eggs are produced on farms, and farmers can, therefore, add 
$15,000,000 to their income annually and to the national food supply 
by eliminating the fertile eggs from trade. 

A much more important waste is the unnecessary loss of young 
animals. Take pigs, for example. Wlicn a sow farrows from 5 to 
10 pigs, the owner does not grieve if three or four of them die. Prob- 
ably 30 per cent of all pigs farrowed alive die shortly after birth from 
various causes. If the litter does not number more than 10, the 
sow can readily raise them all. Why, then, allow four or five pigs 
to die from lack of attention or suitable quarters? Most little pigs 
die because they become chilled at or soon after birth. Sows should 
therefore have dry quarters for farrowing, sheltered from winds, with 
plenty of bedding. Thi^ does not mean expensive quarters, but dry 
and protected ones. Such shelters can be built at very little expense. 

Although the domestic animals of the United States arc doubtless 
quite as healthy as those of any other country, the waste from dis- 
ease and parasites is enormous. Attention has frequently been 
directed to the condemnation of carcasses and parts of carcasses in 
Federally inspected abattoirs. Large as is this direct loss in our meat 
supply, it is insignificant when compared with the actual losses on 
farms. Hog cholera, Texas fever, tuberculosis, infectious abortion, 
scabies and other parasites cause losses amounting to hundreds of 
millions of dollars annually, not only directly in the deaths of animals 
but indirectly in diminished vitality and feeding value of those which 
do not succumb. The eradication of these diseases and parasites is 
commanding the extensive use of public funds. Their prevention is 
a matter of sanitation, largely in the hands of the average farmer. 

(6) The use of more economical and rational methods of breeding, 
raising and feeding live stock is imperative for the maintenance of the 



28 FAEMEES' BULLETIN NO. 560. 

industry on high-priced lands. Grain can no longer be fed to meat 
animals with a lavish hand. Hay, fodder, silage and pasture are the 
cheapest feeds and will carry animals along with a minimum of grain. 
The use of straw and roots is coming. The farmer v>'ho keeps the 
frames of his young animals developing on these cheap feeds, with- 
holding the full-grain ration until the finishing period arrives, will 
profit by such a practice. 

The education of the farmer, to appreciate duly the importance of 
live stock in the maintenance of soil fertility, also deserves attention. 
The English and Scotch system, to feed for the manure, is sound. 
If farmers in those countries break even on theu' feeding, without 
calculating the value of the manure made, they rightly regard the 
feeding as profitable. 

Finally, feeding will not be profitable unless laid upon a foundation 
of rational breeding, which resolves itself into the well-known slogan 
''Kill the scrub." The scrub is unprofitable. Consistent line breed- 
ing, using males of the same breed in succession, will give animals 
in a few generations of breeding up from native females, which are 
practically purebred, which are uniform in appearance and in feeding 
qualities and which are more salable on account of this uniformity. 

(c) Our meat supply can be maintained or even increased in the 
following ways : 

(1) By the revival of bBcf cattle raising in the corn belt and its 
extension in Eastern States. Up to the time of the rapid increase 
in the price of farm lands, farms in the corn belt where beef cattle 
were raised were common. The rise in value of land and the increase 
in the price of corn caused pastures to be plowed up and the beef cows 
disposed of. A reaction is now setting in which promises to become 
important. A similar movement is noticeable in the Eastern and 
New England States. Success depends on tile utilization of pastures 
and cheap roughage. 

(2) By the use of dual-purpose cows. In strictly dairy sections, 
especially those producing market milk, the dairy cow is the only one 
to be considered. Her calf is an incident — a necessary evil. The 
production and marketing of milk is the dairy farmer's business, and 
he can not afford to let his attention be diverted from the main matter 
in hand. On thousands of diversified farms, however, especially 
where cream is sold to "centrahzod creameries," only a few cows are 
kept, and they are only part of the farmer's business; the milk is but 
one of several sources of income. In such cases the covv's should 
produce calves that will make profitable feeders. 

(3) By raising sheep more extensively in the corn belt and in 
eastern vStates. The importance of the wool industry causes farmers 
to overlook the value of sheep for mutton and as weed destroyers. 
A small flock of sheep of one of the mutton breeds should be kept on 
every farm to graze tlie roadways, the stubble fields after grain is 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 

cut, and the corn fields after the corn is full grown. Both wool and 
lambs are saleable. 

One of the best opportunities for sheep feeding will be found in the 
irrigated West. Proximity to the range and the great value of 
alfalfa hay for fattening sheep make this business attractive. 

(4) By increasing hog production on the irrigated farms of the 
West and by making pork production an adjunct of the creamery 
wherever conditions permit. The irrigation farmers have a splendid 
opportunity for the profitable production of pork of the highest 
quality. Pigs can be raised at a minimum cost on alfalfa, and should 
then be finished on grain, such as barley and peas. A brood sow can 
be wntered on alfalfa hay and a few sugar beets daily, mthout grain. 

At creameries, where no use is made of skim milk or buttermilk, pig 
feeding should be an important side line. Corn and milk make an 
economical ration for fattening, and one which produces pork of 
excellent quality. 

(5) By increasing the production of beef cattle and hogs in the 
South. The South is the only section of the United States where 
cattle can still be raised, fed, and sold at a profit at from 5 to 6 cents 
per pound. The tick has been almost the only drawback to cattle 
production in the South, but its passing is simply a question of time 
and industrious perseverance. 

The hog is the beef steer's boon companion. lie is increasing in 
numbers in the South, and southern farms will in time supply the 
j3ork eaten by southern farmers, and perhaps a good deal for the 
market as well. The wonderful development of the boys' corn clubs 
is now being supplemented by the organization of boys' pig clubs. 
The boys of the South have been shown how to grow corn; they are 
now being shown how to feed it to hogs. 

(6) By increasing the poultry output of the farm. Poultry and 
poultry products have a profound influence on the meat supply, but 
less attention is probably paid by farmers to the breeding of farm 
poultry and their care than to an}'- other animals. With easy pos- 
sibilities for rapid improvement by the use of purebred males, our 
farm flocks still remain, as a class, decidedly underbred. 

Almost every section of the country can produce chickens. Every 
farm could maintain a larger and a better flock. The South offers 
unusual opportunities for the production of poultry on the farm, on 
account of the early laying season, and the girls' poultry clubs now 
being organized as supplements to the canning clubs promise to 
become an important factor in the increase of the farm poultry 
industry, not only in the South, but in other sections of the United 
States as well. 

George M. Rommel, 
Cldef of Animal Hushandry Division, 

Bureau of Animal Industry. 

o 



WASHINQTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 



U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





ontribution from the Bureau of Statistics 
November, 11. 1913. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CROP PRODUCTION IN UNITED STATES. 

The figures given in this report are estimates based upon informa- 
tion from the most reliable sources obtainable and are believed to be 
as nearly accurate as can be expected without an actual enumeration. 

A general summarization of crop }aelds per acre in the United 
States indicates a combined estimated average of about 13.1 per cent 
smaller than last year and about 6.3 per cent smaller than the esti- 
mated average yields of the last 10 years. The final outcome of 
crops appears to be somewhat better than the earlier condition 
figures indicated. 

It is estimated that the general level of farm prices of staple crops 
decreased 3.7 per cent from October 1 to November 1. Almost every 
year there is a reduction in the price level from October 1 to Novem- 
ber 1, the average reduction during the period of the preceding five 
years having been 4.4 per cent. The average level of prices of crops 
on November 1 was 13.2 per cent higher than on November 1 last 
year, 1.8 per cent lower than two years ago (a year in which crops 
were smaller than this year), and 9.5 per cent higher than the average 
of the last five years on November 1 . 

The estimated average farm price of meat animals (beef cattle, 
veal calves, hogs, sheep, lambs, and chickens) on October 15 was 
about $7.12 per 100 pounds, which compares with $7.15 on September 
15, $6.86 a year ago, $5.58 two years ago, and $6.80 three years ago. 
From September 15 to October 15 the price level decreased 0.5 per 
cent, which compares with an increase of 1.8 per cent during the same 
period a year ago, a decrease of 5 per cent two years ago, and a 
decrease of 1.7 per cent three yesbvs ago. 

The estimated average of yields this year of all crops combined, 
duly weighted by States, compared, first, with last 3^ear and, second, 
with the average yields of recent years, is given on page 2. 

17016°— 13 



2 FARMEES' BULLETIN NO. 563. 

Estimated average of yields of all crops combined, by States. 



States. 


Production, 
1913, com- 
pared— 


States. 


Production. 
1913, com- 
pared— 


States. 


Production, 
1913, com- 
pared — 


With 
1912. 


With 
aver- 
age. 


With 
1912. 


With 

aver- 
age. 


With 
1912. 


With 
aver- 
age. 


Maine 


P.ct. 
101 
77 
85 
91 
103 
94 
87 
95 
90 
89 
87 
107 
78 
102 
104 
107 
104 


P.ct. 
102 
89 
98 
96 
101 
96 
91 
101 
98 
97 
93 
107 
93 
104 
106 
104 
111 


Ohio 


P.ct. 
91 
93 
73 
93 
101 
98 
S3 
66 
70 
73 
83 
55 
82 
89 
99 
101 
104 


P.ct. 
97 
95 
80 
94 
110 
115 
102 
71 
98 
82 
78 
61 
83 
88 
101 
99 
102 


Texas . 


P.ct. 
95 
57 
95 
91 
96 
91 
86 
109 
91 
92 
97 
96 
91 
90 


P.ct. 
103 


New Hampshire. . . 


Indiana 




62 


Vermont 


Illinois 




95 


Massachusetts 


Michigan 




94 


Rhode Island 


Wisconsin 


Wyoming 


92 


Connecticut 


Afinnesota 




89 


New York 


Iowa 


New Mexico 


84 


New Jersey 


Missouri 


116 


Pennsylvania 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


Utah 


92 


Delaware 




105 


Maryland 




102 


Virginia 


Kansas 


Washington 


101 


West Virginia 


Kentucky 


105 


North Carolina 


Tennessee 




88 


South Carolina 




United States. 




Georgia 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 


87 


94 


Florida 











The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Statistics (agricultural 
forecasts) of the United States Department of Agriculture estunates, 
from the reports of the correspondents and agents of the Bureau, as 
follows : ' 

Preliminary estimates for the United States of products of important crops in 1913, with 

comparisons. 



Crops. 



Yield per acre. 



1912 10 years. 



Production 

(000 omitted). 



Price Nov. 1. 



1913 1 1912 > 



Com bushels. 

Buckwheat do. . . 

Potatoes do. . . 

Sweet potatoes do. . . 

Flaxseed do. . . 

Tobacco pounds. 

Wheat bushels. 

Oats do. . . 

Barley do. . . 

Rye do... 

Hay tons. 



23 

17 

89 

95 

8 

790 

15 

29 

24 

16 

1.31 



29 
23 

113 
95 
10 

786 
16 
37 
30 
17 
1.47 



27 

20 

96 

91 

9 

824 

14 

30 

26 

16 

1.43 



2,463, 

14, 

328, 

55, 

19, 

9a3, 

753, 

1,122, 

173, 

34, 

63, 



3,124,746 
19, 249 

420,647 
55,479 
28, 073 

962, 855 

730,267 
1,418,337 

223,824 
35,664 
72,691 



70.7 
75.5 
69.6 



118.7 



77.0 
37.9 
54.7 
63.2 
12.26 



58.4 
65.5 
45.5 



133.4 



33.6 
53.8 



11.80 



> Hay, dollars per ton; other products, cents per bushel. 

The production of various products, expressed in percentages of a 
"full crop" in the past three years, is estimated in the table on 
page 3, from reports of agents and correspondents of the Bureau 

of Statistics (agricultural forecasts). 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



Estimated production of miscellaneous crops, three years, expressed in percentages of 

full crop. 



Crop. 



Fruits. 

Apples 

Apricots (California). 

Blackberries 

Cantaloupes 

Cranberries 

Gjapefruit (Florida) . 

Grapes 

Lemons 

Limes (Florida) 

Oranges 

Peaches 

Pears 

Pineapples (Florida). 

Prunes (California)... 

Raspberries 

Strawberries 

Watermelons 

Vegetables: 

Beans- 
Dry 

Lima 

Cabbages 



1913 


1912 


1911 


45 


70 


62 


61 


80 


75 


75 


72 


68 


78 


80 


78 


70 


79 


71 


80 


ia5 


57 


73 


88 


82 


65 


95 


91 


90 


75 


75 


82 


102 


84 


48 


68 


44 


57 


74 


71 


88 


92 


75 


6.3 


88 


80 


73 


77 


72 


74 


89 


69 


76 


81 


80 


76 


88 


77 


77 


83 


78 


71 


91 


73 



Crop. 



Vegetables — Continued . 

Cauliflower (California) 

Celery (California) 

Onions 

Tomatoes 

Miscellaneous: 

Alfalfa 

Alfalfa seed 

Almonds (California)... 

Broom corn 

Clover hay 

Clover seed 

Hemp 

Kafir corn — 

Grain 

Forage 

Millet hay 

Millet see"d 

Olives (California) 

Peanuts 

Sugar beets 

Sugar cane 

Walnuts (California) . . . 



1913 


1912 


90 


90 


92 


96 


78 


91 


" 


85 


S3 


94 


89 


84 


50 


81 


50 


83 


81 


83 


81 


75 


55 


77 


.53 


1.56 


55 


89 


62 


86 


62 


80 


76 


64 


84 


82 


S9 


101 


85 


76 


77 


86 



1911 



79 
71 
64 
87 
81 
100 
97 



The information gathered by the bureaa November 1 justifie.s the 
preliminary estimate of a yield of 23 bushels per acre on tne planted 
area of 106,884,000 acres, whicli indicates a total production of 
2,463,017,000 bushels, which, while approximately 660,000,000 
bushels less than last year's record crop and the lowest since 1903, is 
but 60,000,000 bushels less than the short crop of 191 1 . The yield per 
acre is 6.2 bushels less than last year, 0.9 less than 1911, and the 
lowest since 1901, when it touched 16.7, the record low jdeld. 

A gratifying development is the increased yields over propects a 
month ago, reported quite generally for the main com belt outside 
the seriously drought-stricken districts and reflected in the substan- 
tial gain of about 90,000,000 bushels over the production indicated 
October 1. 

While the present production, compared with that of last year, is 
only about one-seventh in Kansas, slightly over half in Missouri and 
Oklahoma, nearly two-thirds in Nebraska, Illinois, and Kentucky, and 
four-fifths in Iowa, Ohio, and Tennessee, farther north in the Central 
States and throughout the South Atlantic and Gulf States the pro- 
duction was as large or larger than last year. 

The percentage of the heavy crop of 1912 remaining on farms 
November 1 is estimated at 4.4 per cent (137,972,000 bushels) against 
2.6 per cent (64,764,000 bushels) of the light crop of 1911 on farms 
on November 1 last year, and a 10-year average of 3.8 per cent. 

The quality is estimated at 82 for the United States, compared 
with 86 in 1912, 81 in 1911, and a 10-year average of 86; ranging 
from 47 in Kansas, the State most injured by drought, to 94 in Min-' 
nesota. 



4 FARMEES BULLETIN NO. 563. 

Farm prices were higher than last year in all important com States, 
being 71 for the United States, against 75 October 1, 58 November 1, 
1912, and a five-year average of 60. In the central corn States, which 
suiTered from drought, prices range from 60 in Iowa to 79 in Kansas, 
against 50 or slightly over in 1912. 

BUCKWHEAT. 

The information gathered by the bureau indicates a yield per acre 
of 17 bushels, agamst 23 in 1912 and a 10-year average of 20, which 
would give upon the planted area of 841,000 acres (same as 1912) a 
total production of 14,455,000 bushels, against 19,249 in 1912, being 
the smallest since 1907, a result of dry weather and early frosts in 
New York and Pennsylvania. 

The price paid producers November 1 was 75.5, compared with 74.1 
October 1, 70 September 1, 65.5 November 1, 1912, and a five-year 
'average that date of 70.6. 

FLAXSEED. 

The bureau estimates a yield of 7.9 bushels against 9.8 in 1912 and 
a 10-year average of 9, indicating a total production on the 2,425,000 
acres planted of 19^234,000 bushels, against 28,073,000 in 1912. The 
acreage is estimated at 15 per cent less than last year. 

The average price paid producers November ' was 1.19 compared 
with 1.23 October 1, 1.33 November 1, 1912, and a five-year average 
of 1.64 on that date. 

TOTAL UNITED STATES PRODUCTION OF CEREALS. 

The comparative production of edible cereals for several years is 
ishown below, reduced to pounds for the purpose of securing an 
aggregate: 

Co7nparative production of edible cereals in United States, five years, and average in 

millions of pounds. 



Cereal. 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


19091 


Average. 


Corn 


137, 929 
45,194 
35,908 
8,318 
1,948 
1, 125 
694 


177,980 

43,816 

45,387 

10,744 

1,997 

1,127 

954 


141,703 

37,280 

29,514 

7,692 

1,855 

1,032 

842 


161,531 

38, 107 

37, 963 

8,344 

1,954 

1,103 

845 


142, 923 

41,001 

32, 228 

8,319 

1,653 

1,097 

713 


152, 426 


Wheat 


41,080 


Oats 


30, 200 




8,683 


Rye 


1,881 


Rice 


1,097 




804 






Total 


231,110 


282,011 


219, 978 


249,847 


227,934 


242, 171 







1 Census. 
COTTON. 



The Department of Agriculture makes no report in November on 
cotton condition or production. An estimate of this years' produc- 
tion will be issued on Friday, December 12. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



The following table gives the price per pound paid to producers on 
November 1 of recent years and the census report of the quantity 
<;iniied prior to November 1 of the last four years, by States: 

Cotton acreage, price and quantity ginned as of dates indicated. 



Virginia 

North Carolina. 
Soutli C arolina. 

Georgia 

Florida 



Alabama. . . 
Mississippi. 
Louisiana.. 

Te.xas 

Arkansas. . 



Tennessee. , 
Missouri. . . 
Oklahoma. 
California. . 



United States . 



Prelimi- 
nary area, 
1913 (000 
omitted). 



Acre.s. 

50 

1,560 

2,716 

5,336 

230 

3,804 
3,045 
1, 166 
11,732 
2,117 

823 

113 

2, 916 

14 

35, 622 



Price per pound Nov. 1. 



1912 1911 



Cts. 
13.1 
13.5 
13.4 
13.5 
15.3 

J3.4 
13.5 
13.2 
12.5 
12.9 

13.5 
11.5 
12.5 



Cts. 
11.0 
10.7 
11.0 
10.8 
15.0 

10.7 
11.3 
10.3 
10.8 
11.2 

11.5 
9.0 
10.6 



Cts. 



12.3 

S.7 
9.4 
9.2 
8.7 
9.1 

9.0 
9.5 
8.9 



S.9 



o-year 
aver- 



Cts. 
11.6 
11.2 
11.3 
11.3 
15.0 

11.2 
11.6 
11.1 
11.1 
11.4 

11.3 
10.5 
10.8 



Price 
Oct. 1, 
1913. 



Cts. 



13.2 
13.3 
13.3 
13.7 

13.3 
13.3 
13.1 
13.3 
13.2 

13.4 
13.0 
13.1 



Ginned i)rior to Nov. 1, riuming 
bales, counting round as half, 
000 omitted; from census. 



Bales. 



Bales. 



385 

861 

1,602 

47 

1,013 
568 
222 

2,950 
431 

174 

568 
536 



8,836 



497 

731 

1,112 

35 

810 
512 
262 
3,710 
440 

118 
512 
599 



Bales. 



598 

1,023 

1,909 

56 

1,089 
584 
232 

3,212 
441 

211 

584 
555 



&,971 



Bales. 



386 

729 

1,242 

39 

749 
577 
155 
2,405 
325 

130 
577 
585 



TOBACCO. 

Preliminary estimates indicate a total production of 903,875,000 
pounds of tobacco, which is 59,010,000 pounds, or 6.1 per cent less 
than last ^fear's estimate. The States producing cigar tobacco, with 
the exception of Georgia and Florida, show a falling off in both yield 
per acre and total production. Serious loss was suffered from an 
early frost in Ohio, New York, and the northern counties in Penn- 
sylvania. Of the States which produce che\\nng, smoking, snuff, 
and export types, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
and Tennessee show an increased yield per acre; all the others show 
a falling off. 

The average quantity for the entire crop is 85, compared with 88 
last year and a ten-year average of 87. In the important States 
producing cigar tobacco the quality is inferior to the 1912 crop. Of 
the States gro"wang chewing, smoking, snuff, and export types, Vir- 
ginia, South Carolina, and Louisiana show higher quality than last 
year. North Carolina 'and Tennessee show the same, while all others 
show lower quality. 

Dr}" weather prevailed during most of the growing season in the 
New England States, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, West 
A'irginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, making the yield per acre below 
the ten-year average and below last year's in all except Tennessee, 
where last year's yield was unusually light. In western Kentucky 



6 



PARMEES BULLETIN NO. 563. 



and Tennessee late August and September rains caused rapid im- 
provement in the crop, resulting in a better yield than usual. The 
Maryland crop suffered from drought during the early summer months, 
but the dry condition was relieved in time to make a good yield. In 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida con- 
ditions were favorable for a good yield. "Wisconsin suffered from 
dry weather in the early part of the growing season, causing the crop 
to get a late start. Conditions later were favorable, but the crop 
did not fully recover from early damage. 



HOPS CONSUMPTION. 



The total hop movement of the United States for the past 7 years 
is shown in the following table. The figures on the quantity con- 
sumed by brewers have been compiled from records of the Treasury 
Department. 

Hop consumption and movement in years indicated. 





Consumed 
by brewers. 


Exports. 


Total of 
brewers' 
consump- 
tion and 
exports. 


Imports. 


Net domestic 
movement. 


Year ended June 30— 


Domestic. 


Foreign. 


1913 . ... . 


Pounds. 

44,237,735 

42,436,665 

45,068,811 

43,293,764 

40,813,804 

42,988,257 

44,294,839 

41,620,172 


Pounds. 
17,591,195 
12, 190, 663 
13, 104, 774 
10,589,254 
10, 44b, 884 
22,920,480 
16,809,534 
13,026,904 


Pounds. 
35,859 
35,869 
17,974 
14,590 
26, 197 
94, 631 
8,714 
32, 454 


Pounds. 

61,864,789 

54,663,197 

58,191,559 

53,897,608 

51,286,885 

66,003,368 

61,113,087 

54, 679, 530 


Pounds. 
8,494,144 
2,991,125 
8,557,531 
3,200,560 
7,386,574 
8,493,265 
6,211,893 

10,113,989 


Pound*. 
53,370,645 


VA2 


51, 672, 072 


1911 


49, 634, 028 


1910 


50, 697, 048 


1909 


43,900,311 


1908 


57,510,103 


1907 


54,901,194 


1906. 


44,565,541 







The production of hops in the United States this year is somewhat 
larger than last year, but, owing to a shortage in Europe, prices are 
ruling as high as a year ago. On October 15 the average price paid 
producers in the United States was about 21 cents a pound. 



CABBAGES. 



The marked shortage of the cabbage crop in the surplus sections 
of the northern States is already reflected in the high prices pre- 
vailing. Special reports from producing regions of New York, the 
largest producing State, indicate that the ruling price recently was 
about $19.40 per ton, whereas a year ago, with an oversupply, the 
price averaged only about $4.10 per ton. .These special reports 
indicate that the yield per acre is only about 6 tons as against 13.5 
tons last year, on about 15 per cent smaller acreage. In Ohio the 
yield is about 6.4 tons, against 13.5 tons last year, on a moderately 
reduced area; the price is about $18 per ton, against about $4.70 a 
year ago. In Michigan the yield per acre is about 6.7 tons, against 
10.9 last year, on about 10 per cent smaller area; price about $13.30, 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 

agaiiist $6.20 a year ago. In Wisconsin the }aeld per acre is about 
10.1 tons, against 12.8 last year, on a moderately reduced area; 
price about $13.70, against about $5 a year ago. In Minnesota the 
yield per acre is about 10. S tons, against 12,2 tons last year, on about 
the same acreage; the prevailing price is about $15.90 per ton, 
against $4.40 last year. It thus appears from these special reports 
that the surplus supph'' is only moderate, and that prices are well 
maintained. 

SUBTROPIC*AL FRUITS AND NUTS. 

^he prospects for subtropical fruits and nuts improved slightly 
in California during October; they are, however, much below the aver- 
age. Prospects in Florida have not changed materially during the 
month and generally are good. 

Condition of subtropical fruits and nuts in California and Florida on Nov. 1. 



Crop. 


California. 




Florida. 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1913 


1912 1911 


Almonds i 


50 
76 

79 

84 
80 
6.5 


81 
72 
86 

88 
89 
90 
92 


62 
90 
80 

82 
92 
93 
94 






Olives 






Walnuts 1 








Grapes: 

Haisin > 








Table 










88 

80' 

90 


100 
90 
95 

85 


75 


Lemons 


73 


Grapefruit 


62 


Limes 








83 













1 Production compared with a full crop. 



FAEMEKS' BULLETIN NO. 563. 




THE AGKICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 

Co'ni crop: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, ivith details by States, with com- 
parisons. 



States. 



Yield per 
acre. 



Production (000 omitted). 



Old com on 

farms. 



S S 



Qual- 
ity. 



Maine 

New Hampsliire 

Vermont , 

Massacliusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania , 

Delaware 

Maryland , 

Virginia , 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota... 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado , 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon., 

California , 

United States . 



Bu. 

608 

814 

1,702 

1,944 

402 

2, .348 
15,020 
10,665 
56,326 

6,206 
22, 341 
51,480 
22, 692 

55, .302 
38,844 
63,023 
10, 125 

149, 775 
176, 328 
284, 877 
54,974 

00,096 

94,280 

338, 198 

129, 378 

9,821 
00,810 
114,135 
23,757 

74, 538 

68, 982 
5(i, 121 
64,000 

42, 482 
169, 944 
56, 936 
47,500 

976 

522 

6,300 

1,610 

476 

306 
34 

384 

952 

598 

1,485 



Bu. 

640 
1,058 
1,800 
2,115 

456 

3,000 
19,763 
10, 374 
61, 582 

6,630 
24,455 
47, 520 
24, 505 

51, 106 

34,278 

53,958 

8,515 

174,410 
199, 364 
426, 320 
55,250 

58,262 

78,177 

432, 021 

243, 904 

8,758 
76,347 
182, 616 
174, 225 

109, 440 

88,298 
54, 180 
56, 840 

32,490 
153, 300 
101,878 

50,490 

612 

368 

8,736 

2,083 

528 

270 
30 

394 



030 
1,924 



Bu. 

792 
1,035 

1,886 

2,068 

495 

2,862 
20,405 

9,936 
63,858 

6,630 
24, 455 
47,520 

18, 170 

49,680 

32, 578 

59,072 

9,286 

150, 540 

174,600 

334,950 

55, 770 

58,080 

74,140 

305,350 

192, 400 

7,250 
50,820 
155,925 
120, 150 

93, («0 
91,120 
54,000 
54, 150 

33,300 
69, 350 
36, 888 
49, 712 

530 

195 

5,222 

2,322 

495 

280 
30 
330 

855 

570 

1,836 



2,463,017 



3,124,746 



2,531,488 



P. a. 
1.4 
1.5 
2.4 
2.1 
4.5 

2.2 
2.4 
5.0 
4.0 

4.0 
2.7 
3.5 
3.8 

3.4 
3.0 
1.7 
0.5 

4.5 
5.5 
5.7 
3.5 

3.6 
3.3 
5.5 
6.5 

1.0 
3.5 
3.6 
5.3 

5.0 
3.7 
1.8 
1.4 

4.0 
2.3 
1.6 
3.5 

3.0 
.5 
3.5 
1.5 
2.5 

2.5 

1.0 

.4 

1.8 
1.5 
1.5 



Bu. 
11 
13 
45 
21 
18 

37 

367 

447 

2,554 

192 

514 

1,426 

382 

1,590 

1,108 

1,241 

56 

4,215 

4,889 

10,383 

1,673 

1,162 
n2, 224 
8,855 
4,618 

72 

762 

2,495 

2,523 

3,089 

2,734 

1, 620 

812 

666 

416 

309 

1,044 

3 

2 

52 

28 
5 



83 
81 
77 
86 
82 

87 
80 
100 



93 
94 
100 
101 

102 
102 
102 
108 



108 
113 
101 

77 

114 
105 
91 
57 

86 
91 
100 
99 

92 
99 
90 

96 

106 
102 
98 



106 
106 
102 

105 
103 
96 



Cts. 
90 
83 
84 
80 

106 



103 
96 
SO 

72 
71 
71 
71 

63 
61 



53 
61 
71 
79 

86 
84 
99 
85 

82 
82 
75 
80 

05 
70 
75 
110 
100 



CIS. 
81 
83 
81 
82 

107 

84 
80 



57 
68 

78 
81 

90 
102 
93 

82 

64 
64 
64 
70 

60 
53 
00 
75 

47 
58 
68 
79 



65 
76 
69 
120 



64, 764 



95.8 



70.7 



10 farmers' bulletin no. 563. 

Potatoes: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, with details by States. 





Potatoes. 


Sweet potatoes. 


States. 


Yield 
per acre. 


Production 
(000 omitted). 1 

1 


S 

4.3 

a 


Price. 


Yield per 
acre. 


1 
Production 
(000 omitted). 


3 

L 

ftg 

13 


Price. 






> 






3 


CO 

o 


o 

I? 


o 
1? 




> 1 

03 . 

® 2 
>»© 

o 


CO 

s 




CO 




10 





Bu. 
220 
120 
127 
105 
125 

92 

74 
95 
88 

87 
87 
94 
82 

79 
80 
82 
76 

67 
53 
46 
96 

109 
110 
48 
39 

85 
78 
48 
40 

49 
64 

84 
82 

70 
52 
60 
72 

140 
140 
115 
68 
75 

180 
160 
170 

123 
135 
115 


Bu. 
199 
123 
119 
111 
124 

100 
94 
100 

87 

90 
86 
82 

88 

76 
82 
76 
88 

87 
83 
83 
93 

95 
94 

88 
77 

96 

86 
78 
68 

79 
75 

78 
88 

67 
64 
66 
72 

149 
141 

125 
86 
120 

152 
153 
160 

143 
118 
133 


Bu. 

26, 840 

2,040 

3,175 

2,730 

625 

2,208 
27, 454 

8,930 
23,320 

957 
3,480 
9,400 
3,936 

2,370 
800 
984 
912 

12, 462 

4,558 

6,256 

33,600 

32,046 

26, 730 

8,256 

3,666 

4,080 
4, 602 
5, 664 
2,800 

2,450 

2,432 

1,260 

820 

1,470 
2,704 
1,800 

1,872 

5,040 

1,540 

9,315 

544 

75 

3,240 
1,760 
5,440 

7,257 
7,290 
7,360 


Bu. 

23, 166 

2,380 

3,640 

3,380 

565 

2, 461 

38, 160 

9,936 

28,885 

1,100 
4,144 
8,265 
5,264 

2,550 
900 
936 

1,023 

20,832 
9,918 
13,837 
36, 750 

34,920 

33, 075 

18,966 

7,980 

6,656 
6,510 
9,440 
5,740 

5,151 

3,344 

1,215 

890 

1,460 
3,276 
1,740 
1,750 

6,105 

1,540 

8,075 

900 

125 

3,515 
2,136 
6,475 

11,356 
10, 075 
10, 140 


102 
100 
108 
105 
103 

99 
100 

97 
106 

102 
98 

101 
93 

101 
103 
100 
103 

93 
85 
79 
102 

107 
107 
84 
73 

102 
99 

89 
86 

81 
89 
98 
100 

94 
94 


Cts. 
50 
79 
67 
80 
90 

82 
77 
76 
80 

70 
69 
68 
95 

77 
126 
116 
122 

88 
85 
84 
55 

56 
49 

82 
94 

52 
62 
74 
90 

94 
98 
107 
104 

110 
11? 


cu. 

41 

61 
50 
63 

77 

72 
47 
58 
51 

65 
53 

68 
66 

68 
119 

96 
126 

53 

45 
57 
35 

31 

26 
39 

68 

25 

34 

49 

. 69 

67 
67 
98 
91 

75 
105 
98 
96 

38 
58 
50 
114 
133 

40 
69 
34 

35 
36 
63 


Cts. 
68 
75 
68 
82 
100 

96 
74 
102 
85 

130 
91 
96 

108 

105 
122 
119 
150 

79 
76 
79 
52 

48 
49 
63 
98 

52 
62 
87 
104 

113 
107 
122 
117 

113 
138 
124 
119 

70 
142 

80 
100 
170 

74 
83 
65 

72 
64 

85 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 




Cts. 


Cts. 


New Hampshire. . 






























































































New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


138 
110 

135 
141 
108 
91 

100 
92 
87 

110 

90 

78 
70 


119 
101 

116 
114 
96 
95 

94 
85 
85 
111 

101 
98 
101 


3,174 
110 

675 
1,128 
3,564 

182 

7,400 
4,508 
7,221 
2,310 

90 

78 

560 


2,760 
120 

600 
1,000 
2,970 

230 

6,750 
5,040 
7,290 
2,352 

118 
116 

784 


103 
101 

104 
103 
102 
100 

101 
100 
99 
100 

100 
94 
94 


63 
102 

44 
50 
70 
95 

63 
75 
76 
80 

110 
100 
105 


90 

97 

65 


Maryland 

Virginia 


70 
72 


West Virginia 

North Carolina. .. 

South Carolina 

Georgia 


90 

70 
76 

75 


Florida 


83 


Ohio 


100 


Indiana 


89 


Illinois 


97 








































80 
56 


90 

96 


160 

280 


180 

528 




98 
83 


103 
115 


105 


Missoui'i 


100 
























"so 

75 
80 
95 
98 

85 
80 
64 
90 


92 
100 

86 
85 
84 
90 

87 
79 
95 
85 














250 

675 
1,520 
5,985 
5,194 

4,930 

2,960 

256 

1,530 


495 

810 
1,800 
6,200 
5,044 

4,704 

2,700 

368 

1,584 


82 

93 
93 
99 
100 

92 
100 

93 
101 


150 

95 
94 
76 
72 

70 
110 
110 

94 


110 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 


80 

77 
77 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 


74 

72 
120 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 


98 104 
95 1 98 


100 
97 




99 
104 
96 
91 
9f 

103 
103 
99 

99 
103 
92 


56 
79 
61 
110 
160 

57 
75 
49 

58 
i 52 
1 68 




Wyoming 


































151 
153 










154 










165 


196 


Utah 










































Washington 






























California 


170 


135 


1,020 


936 


99 


125 


9» 






United States. 


89 


96 


328,550 


420, 647 


99 


[69.6 


45.5 


76.3 


95.0 


91.0 


55, 760 


55,479 


99 


78.0 


79.9 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. H 

Buckvjheat and flaxseed: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. J, tvith details by States. 





Buckwheat. 


Flaxseed. 


States. 


Yield 
per acre. 


Production 
(000 omitted) 


"S 

It 
P 

& 


Price. 


Yield 
per acre. 


Production 
(000 omitted) 





Price. 


CO 


> 

03 . 

o 


CO 




n 

> 

o 





02 


> 

C9 . 

6 


CO 

05 





CO 
> 





Maine 


Su. 
31 
32 
25 
17 


Bu. 

30 
24 
24 
19 


Bu. 

403 
32 

196 
34 


Bu. 
412 

31 
240 

42 


100 
90 
93 
SO 


Cts. 

77 

"'87' 
100 


Cts. 
75 
75 

100 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bu. 




Cts. 


Cts. 


New Hampshire 
















Vermont 
















Massachusetts. . . 
















Rhode Island . . . 


















Connecticut 


17 
14 

22 
19 

17 
17 
23 
2V 

19 


18 
21 
20 
20 

20 

18 
18 
20 

16 


51 

4,004 

264 

5,716 

68 
198 
531 

738 

174 


62 

6,593 

2G4 

7,405 

64 
210 
516 

888 

175 


82 
90 

98 
98 

98 
90 
99 
100 

100 


100 
80 
71 
71 

"75' 
81 

78 

82 


100 
62 
71 

63 

75 
70 
84 
69 

92 
















New York 
















New Jersey 














Pennsylvania... 














Delaware 












1 


Maryland 












[ 


Virginia 












1 


West Virginia. . . 












1 


North Carolina. . 
















South Carolina. . 
















Georgia 






























Florida 






























Ohio 


19 
19 
17 
15 

17 
17 
14 
11 


19 
17 
18 
15 

16 
16 
15 
16 


352 
74 
68 

960 

297 
99 
98 
22 


410 

95 

88 

1,088 

289 
126 
133 
30 


94 
91 
93 
101 

103 
103 
99 
99 


77 
85 
92 
68 

71 
61 
83 
92 


65 
86 
110 
62 

72 
60 
80 
100 
















Indiana 














Illinois 
















Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 
















14.0 
9.3 
9.4 
5.0 

7.4 
7.2 
7.5 
6.0 


13.1 

10.0 

10.7 

7.0 

8.7 
9.1 
8.9 
6.9 


126 

3,311 

329 

50 

7,563 

3,564 

15 

276 


125 

4,121 

402 

72 

12,086 

5,323 

19 

300 


97 
99 
101 
94 

101 
99 
94 

97 


118 
123 
117 
102 

120 
118 
110 
112 


'"izh 

142 


Missouri 




North Dakota... 


132 


South Dakota 
















133 


Nebraska 


21 
10 


17 
15 


21 
10 


18 
16 


101 

87 






130 








153 


Kentucky 









Tennessee 


15 


16 


45 


54 


102 


75 


71 
















Alabama 
















Mississippi 






























Louisiana.. . 






























Te.xas 






























Oklalioma 
















7.0 


9.8 


7 


9 


105 






Arkansas 




















Montana 
















9.0 


10.7 


3,933 


5,520 


106 


114 






















Colorado 
















5.0 


7.3 


60 


96 








New Mexico 






















Arizona . 






























Utah 






























Nevada 






























Idaho 






























Washington . . 






























Oregon 






























California 




























































United States. 


17 


20 


14,455 


19, 249 


95.5 


75.5 


65.5 


7.9 


9.0 


19,234 


28,073 


101.8 


118.7 


133.4 



12 



farmers' bulletin no. 563. 



Tobacco crop and weights of grain: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, with detail* 

by States. 





Tobacco. 




Grain, weight per bushel. 




States. 


Yield per acre. 


Production (000 
omitted.) 


Quality. 


W 
1913 


leat. 


Oats. 


Barley. 




1913 


10-year 
average 


1913 


1912 


Per 
cent of 
average 


10-year 
average 


1913 


10-year 
average 


1913 


3-year 
average 


Maine 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 




Bu. 

60.5 


Bu. 
60 


Bu. 
34.3 
32.0 
32.7 
32.5 
30.0 

30.7 
32.4 
30.0 
32.0 

30.0 
31.0 
31.2 
31.2 

31.9 
32.0 
31.8 
28.5 

31.0 
28.5 
29.0 
32.0 

33,2 
33.0 
32.0 

28.8 

34.6 
33.2 
32.0 
29.7 

30.9 
30.7 
31.5 
31.5 

33.0 
31.0 
.30.0 
31.7 

38.0 
38.8 
36.2 
34.5 
36.0 

37.5 
38.0 
37.0 

34.5 
37.6 
33.0 


Bu. 
33 
32 
31 
31 
31 

30 
32 
29 
31 

29 
30 
31 
31 

31 
31 
31 
30 

31 
30 
30 
31 

31 
31 
31 
30 

33 
32 
31 
31 

31 
31 
31 
31 

31 
30 
30 
31 

38 
38 
37 
34 
36 

37 
37 
37 

36 
36 
34 


Bu. 
49 
48 
48 


Bu. 
49 


New Hampshire. 


1,650 
1,550 
1,550 


1,696 
1,687 
1,654 


165 

155 

9,455 


i76 

170 

9,860 


102 
98 
98 


47 


Vermont 

Massachusetts... 


59.0 


57 


46 


Rhode Island 










Connecticut 


1,550 
1,020 


1,664 
1,205 


28,520 
4,386 


29, 750 
5,200 


95 

85 










New York 

New Jersey 


59.5 
59.0 
59.7 

58.5 
59.5 
59.5 
59.0 

59.5 
.59.5 

58.8 


59 
59 
59 

59 
59 
59 
59 

59 
59 
58 


48 


47 


Pennsylvania.... 
Delaware 


1,200 


1,333 


46, 680 


64,090 


91 


48 


47 


Maryland 

Virginia 


740 
770 
680 

670 

760 

1,000 

1,000 

750 
750 
700 


668 
735 
742 

632 
742 

744 
808 

875 
839 
765 


18,500 
151,228 
10,200 

135,541 

33,288 

1,800 

4,000 

61,425 

11,925 

560 


17, 160 
112,200 
12,008 

110,980 

24,500 

1,162 

2,604 

79, 304 

14, 960 

684 


97 
102 
100 

106 
109 
105 
99 

100 
97 
96 


48 
48 


45 
46 


West Virginia. . . 




North Carolina.. 






South Carolina. . 






Georgia 






Florida 






Ohio 


59.0 
58.5 
59.0 

58.8 

58.9 
57.0 
58.3 
59.2 

58.0 
58.0 
59.6 
58.1 

59.0 
59.0 

58.5 
58.3 

'58.6' 
57.0 

58.5 

60.1 
60.2 
59.4 
59.5 
61.0 

61.6 
60.3 
59.9 

59.0 
60.1 
58.0 


58 
58 
58 
58 

57 
55 
57 
58 

56 
56 

58 
58 

58 
58 
58 
58 

57' 

58 
58 

60 
59- 
59 
60 
60 

60 
60 
60 

59 
60 
58 


47 
48 
45 
48 

47 
46 
46 


46 


Indiana 


46 


Illinois 


47 


Michigan 


46 


Wisconsin 

Minne.sota . 


1,180 


1,228 


50, 740 


54, 438 


96 


46 
46 


Iowa 












47 


Missouri 


650 


827 


3,315 


6,000 




86 




North Dakota... 


45 
45 
46 
44 

48 


45 














45 


Nebraska 












45 


Kansas 












43 


Kentucky 


760 
720 
700 


833 
754 
519 


271,472 

59,400 

210 


343,980 

72,600 

225 


93 
94 
105 


46 
















450 
600 


484 
640 


270 
120 


150 
140 


115 
100 






Texas 

Oklahoma 


47 
43 


46 

47 




650 


629 


520 


520 


106 




Montana 


50 
51 
48 
51 
48 

50 
49 
49 

48 
49 
47 


52 














50 














50 


New Mexico 












51 


Arizona. 












50 


Utah 












49 


Nevada 












46 


Idaho 












49 


Washington 












47 


Oregon 












46 


California 












47 
















United States. 


790 


824 


903, 875 


962,855 


97 


58.7 


57.8 


32.1 


31.5 


46.5 


46. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 13 

Fruits: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, with details by States. 





Apples. 


Pears. 


Grapes. 


Cranberries. 


Sugar beets. 


States. 


Production.! 


QuaUty. 


Price. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Produc- 
tion.' 


Produc- 
tion.' 


Condition. 




CO 




2S 




OS 


O CI 


C 


05 


• a 

2^ 




H 

1 03 

2^ 







1 




Me 


P.ct. 
39 
35 
20 
50 
70 

70 
33 

56 
39 

33 
35 
30 
9 

30 
27 
40 


P.ct. 
72 
85 
73 
69 
58 

57 
75 
47 
49 

80 
70 
88 
89 

78 
64 
60 


P.ct. 
64 
62 
65 
58 
57 

57 
57 
56 
59 

61 
64 
53 
53 

56 
56 

52 


P.ct. 

85 
75 
72 
83 
84 

85 
73 
80 
76 

78 
82 
70 
67 

65 
60 

70 


P.ct. 

87 
91 
88 
88 
84 

85 
85 
76 
80 

88 
88 
87 
90 

80 
76 
77 


Cts. 
96 
105 
100 
125 
100 

79 
89 
78 
80 

90 
75 
73 
110 

86 
125 
102 


Cts. 
60 
65 
65 
75 
99 

73 
50 
63 
60 

68 
60 
50 
50 

73 
100 
95 


P.ct. 

65 


P.ct. 
72 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 
70 
90 


p.ct. 
76 
73 


p.ct. 


P.ct. 


N. n 










vt 
















92 
97 

96 
84 
57 
60 

22 
32 
22 
12 

25 
32 
42 
35 

50 
73 
64 
69 

85 


70 
71 

68 
67 
65 
64 

63 
67 
57 
51 

58 
64 
61 
58 

60 
60 
50 
66 

64 


80 
90 

82 
58 
73 
55 

68 
55 
60 
41 

n 

78 
80 


74 
76 

69 
79 
83 

77 

79 
77 
74 
68 

77 
76 
77 


76 
88 

75 
100 
59 


75 
73 

78 
83 
73 






R I 






Conn.. 






N. Y... 






N.J. . 






Pa 






Del 










Md.. 










Va 










W Va 










N.C . 










s. c 










Ga 










Fla 










Ohio 


24 
59 
62 
42 

90 

108 
68 
34 

98 
87 
48 
30 

50 
37 
42 
48 

50 
45 
45 
59 

82 
93 
70 
73 

72 

82 
72 
79 

70 

82 
47 


53 
38 
44 
82 

48 
44 
16 
83 


44 
43 
38 
55 

58 
66 
50 
44 


67 
72 
68 
74 

87 
95 
76 
56 

97 
87 
67 
56 

65 
64 
63 
63 

70 
72 
66 
65 

90 
99 

85 
85 

85 

88 
90 
87 

87 
88 
80 


86 
71 
74 
85 

81 
85 
73 
76 

"'so' 

80 

77 

79 
84 
75 
78 

75 
79 
79 
70 

95 
103 

82 
87 
100 

91 

97 
96 

94 
96 
91 


100 
6.i 
65 
60 

68 
70 
80 
73 

90 
115 

90 
100 

75 
99 
100 
100 

95 
124 
110 

85 

120 
138 
100 
115 
190 

74 
165 
105 

90 
80 
100 


60 
6.5 
68 
43 

80 
100 
92 
45 


50 
77 
82 
63 

92 

88 
88 
69 


76 
76 
74 
76 

76 
75 
73 
68 






84 
84 
82 
91 

85 
89 

87 


88 


Ind 

Ill 


90 


. 78 


'" 88 


Mich 

Wis 

Minn 


80 
78 


70 

78 


90 

88 
88 




85 
46 


50 
44 








Mo 








N. Dak 










S. Dak.. 


61 
60 
75 

70 
83 
58 
59 

68 
72 
75 
75 

90 
120 

70 
89 
110 

100 
120 
100 

100 
100 
90 


69 
54 
46 

46 

47 
51 
49 

50 
56 
57 
49 

84 
90 
65 
66 
75 

78 
71 
79 

78 
76 

78 


100 
78 
57 

60 
63 
75 
86 

100 
105 
88 
80 

75 


90 
60 
38 

40 
35 
45 
53 

68 
48 
36 
38 

75 


""49" 
51 

52 
46 
57 
57 

60 
63 
58 
51 

83 


76 
73 
46 

80 
78 
74 
75 


75 
67 
60 

76 
68 
71 
65 


. . . 








Nebr 






80 
60. 


90 


TTs^ns , , . , 






84 


Ky 

Tenn 

















Ala 




















La 










Tex 


73 
62 

84 


72 
66 
63 










Okla.. .. 










Ark 










Mont 







95 
95 
90 


93 


Wvo 










97 


Colo 


97 
105 
196 

91 
115 
85 

65 
59 
75 


62 
71 

82 

70 


66 
68 
78 

73 


72 
80 
90 

95 


77 
70 
83 

87 






91 


N. Mex. . 








Ariz 






90 

96 
97 

98 

94 
95 

87 




Utah 






97 


Nev 








Idaho .... 


82 

80 
81 
72 


76 

83 
80 
76 


87 

91 
90 
79 


86 

88 
88 
87 






90 


Wash 






90 


Oreg 

Gal.. 






92 






92 










U.S. 


45 


70 


52 


70 


83 


86 


61 


59 


64 


73 


81 


70 


75 


89 


91 



1 Production estimates expressed in percentages of a full crop. 



14 farmers' bulletin no. 563. 

Miscellaneous crops: Estimates based upon returns to Nov. 1, ivith comparisons by States. 





Clover seed. 


Kafir 


com. 


Peanuts. 


Cowpeas. 


Sorghum. 


States. 


Produo- 
,tion.i 


Price. 


Production 
of grain. 1 


Produc- 
tion.!. 


Production 
of grain. 1 


Production 
of forage. I 


Yield of 
sirup. 




53 


OS 


-JO) 

O 


'-'ilM 

o 






5> 






s 


CO 

s 


2 




II 

I on 

2S 


Me 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 


Dolts. 


Dolls. 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 


p.ct. 


P.ct. 


Galls. 


Galh. 


N.H 






























Vt 


















1 










Mass 




























R. I 


















1 






































N. Y 


85 
82 
62 

58 
61 
77 
67 

85 


90. 
90 
81 

92 
90 
90 
93 

85 


9.93 


i6.97 










65 
75 

75 

78 
74 
76 
81 

68 
69 

11 

80 
66 
60 
80 

SI 
81 
88 
33 

95 


85 
90 
80 

^ 
65 
88 

65 
73 

75 
81 

80 
84 
79 
80 

80 


74 
87 
80 

$4 


90 

88 
89 

72 






N.J 














Pa 


7.23 


9.50 















Del 














Md 














82 1 84 

83 1 67 






Va 


9.00 
10.00 

8.90 


11.03 
9.00 

10.67 





84 


67 


94 95 


W. Va 




85 

80 
83 

84 
86 

85 
73 
69- 
70 

95 
78 
75 
50 

100 


94 

69 
80 

82 
84 

90 
86 
83 
75 

86 
"'76' 


87 101 


N.C 




83 
85 
86 
91 


83 
85 
84 
88 


93 88 


S. C 




92 85 


Ga 


80 


71 






! 


106 89 


Fla 










160 1 150 


Ohio 


84 
80 
70 
92 

m 

84 
89 
66 

91 
90 

84 
72 

75 

78- 
81 
89 


65 
73 
69 
73 

S8 
82 
76 
69 

96 
81 
70 
64 

74 
82 
80 
90 


6.47 
6.49 
7.20 
6.90 

6.90 
S.(X) 
6.90 
8.30 


10.00 
8.98 
8.98 
9.90 

X.76 
9.70 
9.49 
9.13 






78 90 


Ind 











89 98 


m 










75 . 91 


Mich 












Wis 


85 


95 






.80 100 








95 t 90 












90 1 96 


Mo 


44 


84 






63 1 9.1 


N. Dak 










S. Dak 
















60 
35 
50 

86 




Nebr 


8.70 
8.00 

8.00 
9.00 


9.83 

8.62 

9.97 
10.67 


45 
22 


85 
85 






50 
35 

64 
60» 
70 
68 

50 
65 
39 
50 

120 
95 

100 
60 

100 
93 


75 
70 

81 
78 
72 
76 

84 
75 
SO 
73 

"95 

80 

100 


50 

44 

73 
69 

74 
74 

54 
72 
53 
62 

90 
95 

98 
80 

100 
95 


81 
72 

90 

85 
78 
80 

80 
80 
100 
70 


81 


Kans 






83 


Ky 






91 


Term 






74 
84 
82 

82 
78 
63 
75 


90 

89 

84 _ 

82 
82 
117 

81 


82 1 92 


Ala 






90 87 












92 Sd 


La 










100 
85 
56 
84 


104 


Tex 










81 
40 
76 


85 
300 

85 


84 


Okla 


72 
88 

75 


95 

88 

100 






81 


Ark 






83 


Mont 








Wyo 




















Colo 


90 


99 






75 
70 

125 


100 
105 

110 






95 
80 

95 


90 
119 


106 


N. Mex 






80 
102 


90 
100 


107 


Ariz 










118 


Utah 


90 








126 


Nev 


















Idaho 


101 

95 
96 
90 


100 

98 
101 
95 


7.00 












S3 

86 
93 
95 


98 

90 
93 
95 


94 

90 
90 
92 


98 

93 
96 
99 






Wash 


















5.90 


8.90 














Cal 


83 


91 


98 


95 
















U. S 


80 


74 


7.00 


9.37 


53 


156 


84 


82 










80 


89 















' Production estimates expressed in percentage of a full crop. 



Leon M. Estabrook, 

Chief Bureau of Statistics. 



o 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts). 
December 27. 1913. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



INTRODUCTION. 

The figures given in this bulletm are all estimates, but are believed 
to be the best obtainable. The estimates of production of the differ- 
ent crops and the prices of same on farms are based on reports from 
five independent som'ces of information, namely, (1) approximately 
30,000 township correspondents, (2) approximately 2,800 county 
correspondents, (3) 45 State statistical agents, (4) 19 special field 
agents, and (5) approximately 111,700 aids reporting to the State 
and special field agents, individual farmers, and special correspondents, 
or a total of approximately 144,564. Estimates from these sources 
are received monthly at the Washington office, where they are tabu- 
lated and the totals by crops and by States are passed upon by a Crop 
Reporting Board which is composed of four bureau officials, two* 
special field agents, and an advisor\" member from the Bureau of the 
Census. The members of tliis board base their estimate of what the 
total crop production will be upon the data obtained from the source? 
named, their judgment and experience as to the relative value of eack 
source, the historj' of the crop during the present season, the weather 
conditions as reported by the Weather Bureau, and such other 
information as may be obtained from State and commercial organiza/- 
tions, daily market reports of quantities received and sold, and 
prices quoted at principal markets. The fmal estimates of the Crop 
Reporting Board are also checked, so far as practicable, against the 
totals reported b}" State assessors and against the statistics of acre- 
ages, production, and values published by the Bureau of the Census^ 
Estimates of farm prices are averages of reports from a large number 
of regular correspondents, who base their reports upon actual sales 
at local markets and shipping points. 

The estimated total production and value of farm crops and live 
stock, when assembled for the whole United States, is so large that 
22306°— Bull. 570—13 1 



2 farmers' bulletin 570. 

if allowed to stand aloue without explanation it is apt to be mis- 
leading. To be of value, the totals showing such enormous produc- 
tion of wealth must be considered in connection with the amount of 
capital invested, the cost of production, and the number of adults 
employed and living on farms. In round numbers, it is estimated 
that the total farm value of all crops for 1913 is $6,100,000,000. 
The total farm value of animals sold and slaughtered and of animal 
products is $3,650,000,000, making an estimated total of the gross 
value of farm products in 1913 amounting to $9,750,000,000. 

It is roughly estimated that of the 1913 crop, valued at $6,100,- 
000,000, approximately 52 per cent wiU never be sold, but will remain 
on the farms where it was produced, leaving only 48 per cent which 
will be sold for cash. This will reduce the estimated cash sales of 
farm crops to $2,929,000,000. 

Of the total animal products, valued at $3,650,000,000, it is esti- 
mated that 20 per cent mil be consumed on the farm and that 
approximately 80 per cent will represent cash sales, which wUl 
amount to $2,919,000,000. 

It would appear, therefore, that the total net cash sales of both 
crops and animal products for the current season will be approxi- 
mately $5,847,000,000, which will represent the total cash income of 
all farms in the United States. 

The total number of farms as reported by the Bureau of the Cen- 
sus for 1910 was 6,362,000, which was an increase of 11 per cent over 
1900. Assuming the same rate of increase since 1910, the present 
number of farms will be approximately 6,600,000. The average cash 
income per farm would, on this basis, be nearly $900. This does not 
represent net income, for out of this amount the farmer must pay for 
fertilizers, hire of help, stock feed, maintenance of fann equipment 
(including farm tools and machinery), and taxes. 

Statistics of farm values of crops and animal products, as published 
by the Bureau of the Census for 1910, and the expenses of farm opera- 
tion, were analyzed in Circular No. 132 of the Bureau of Plant 
Industry,^ pages 3 to 7, inclusive, as shown by Table 1. 

Table 1. — -Labor income of farmers in the United States. 



268 
269 
276 
277 
277 



Item. 



TotaL 



Number of farms 

Improved land acres. 

Total farm investment 

Investment in farm buildings 

Investment in implements and machinery 



6, 361, 502 

478, 451, 750 

S40,991,440,Of)0 

$6,325,451,528 

$1,265,149,783 



Amount 
per farm. 



138.1 acres.3 
75.2 acres. 
.«6,443.67. 
$994.33. 

S198.S8. 



> Issued July 19, 1913. - Abstract of the Thirteenth Census. ^ Average total area per farm. 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 

Table 1. — Labor income of farmers in tite United States — Continued. 

Receipts. 



318 
,S52 
352 
;i55 
355 
356 
358 
358 
370 
379 
383 
388 
397 



373 



Item. 



Dairy products (excluding milk and cream used at home) 

Wool 

Mohair 

Eggs produced 

Poultry raised 

Honey and wax 

Domestic animals sold 

Domestic animals slaughtered 

Total value of all crops $5, 487, 161, 223 

Corn $1, 43.S, 553, 919 

Oats 414,697,422 

Barlev 92,458,571 

Hay, etc 824,004,877 

Total value of crops used for 

feeding 2, 769, 714, 789 

Feed sold 509, 253,522 



Net value of crops fed 2, 260, 461, 267 

Net value of crops 

Total gross farm income 



Total. 



S596, 413, 463 

65,472,328 

901,597 

306, 688, 960 

202,500,272 

5,992,083 

1,562,936,694 

270, 238, 793 



3,226,699,956 



6, 237, 850, 146 



Amount 
per farm. 



S93. 75 

10.29 

.14 

48.21 

31.83 

.94 

245.69 

42.48 



507. 22 



373 
373 
373 



Labor , 

Fertilizers 

Feed 

Maintenance of buildings (at 5 per cent) i 

Maintenance of implements and machinery (20 per cent) 
Taxes (0.6 per cent) 

Total 

Miscellaneous expenses (15 per cent of other exx>en3es) . . 

Total expenses 



86.51,611,287 


$102. 43 


114,882,541 


18.06 


299,839,a57 


47.13 


31G, 272, 576 


49.72 


253,029,956 


39. ;8 


245,948,694 


38. 06 


1,881,581,911 


295. 78 


282,237,736 


44.37 


2,163,822,647 


340. 15 



Total gross income. 
Total expenses 



Net farm mcome 

Interest on investment (at 5 per cent) 

Labor income ^ 

Interest on mortgage (SI ,715 at 6 per cent) 

Available for purchase of live stock and for family living. 



$6, 237, 850, 146 
2, 163, 822, €47 



4,074,027,499 
2,049,572,454 



2,024,455,045 



$980. 55 
340.15 



640. 40- 
322. 18 



318. 22 
102.90 
537. 50 



1 4i per cent in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin; 5 per cent in Vir- 
ginia, West Virginia, IllinoLs, Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, Nebra.-^ka, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, 
Ohio, and Indiana; 5^ per cent elsewhere. 

2 Includes unpaid family labor and all the farm furnishes toward the family living except milk and 
cre.am. Does not include income from outside sources, and the amount paid for live stock bought must be 
deducted from this sum. 



The foregoing table indicates roughl}^ the .distribution of net cash 
income from sales of farm products, and shows very clearly that this 
income is not profit. The estimated total cash sales of farm prod- 
ucts and the estimated cash income per farm and per capita in 
1913 varies widely in different sections of the country, as shown by 
Table 2. 



FARMERS BULLETIN 570. 



Table 2. — Estimated value, of sales of crops and live-stock products, total, per furm and 
per capita rural population, by divisions. 





Estimated value, in millions 
of doUai's of farm sales from 
. 1913 crop. 


Esti- 
mated 
value of 

total 
sales per 

farm. 


Esti- 
mated 
total 
sales per 


Division. 


Crops. 


Live- 
stock 
prod- 
ucts. 


Total. 


capita 
rrn^l 
popula- 
tion (ex- 
cluding 
towns). 


New England 


S1S6 
570 
410 
956 
615 
191 


$374 
186 
701 
934 
449 
275 


8560 
756 
1,111 
1,890 
1,064 

'466 


$836 
657 
950 

1,629 
516 

1,195 


$100 




97 




152 




273 


South Central . 


92 




155 








2,928 


2,919 


5,847 


892 


139 







It will be noted that the smallest average cash income per farm and 
per capita is obtauied in the South central division, which mcludes 
Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Olda- 
homa, and Arkansas, where the labor of a relatively laige number of 
adults and children is required to produce the crop. The largest 
average cash income per farm and per capita is shown in the North 
central, west division, including tlie States of Minnesota, Iowa, Mis- 
souri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, and Nebraska. 

It is evident from the foregoing analj^sis of farm expenses and the 
variation of cash income per farm in different sections that the enor- 
mous aggregates of farm production and values as estimated for the 
whole United Statss in 1913 do not mean that the average farmer is 
realizing any material profit over and above what might reasonably 
be expected from his labor and investment. On the contrary, if cash 
income per farm and per capita alone is considered it would appear 
that ill many sections farmers and their families do not make wages 
comparable with wages received in other occupations reciuirmg an 
equal degree of experience, intelUgence, and skill. Furthermore, the 
average farm income as estimated herein is by no means certain, all 
farm products depending upon many uncertain factors, such as unfa- 
vorable weather conditions, the depredations of insects, and the 
ravages of numerous plant and animal diseases, while the only certainty 
regarding farm prices is that they will be far below the retail prices 
paid by consumers. The uncertainty of the farmer's cash income, 
however, is more than offset by the certainty of a livelihood and the 
sense of permanent security afforded by ownership or a long-term 
lea,..e of the farm and equipment, and the fact that he is his own 
employer and does not have to make cash payments at frequent inter- 
vals for his house rent, water, fuel, and a large part of the food of his 
family, which are supplied by the farm. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. ^ O 

However doskable increased production on farms may appear 
to be from the consumer's standpoint, it does not follow that such 
increased production would result in any increase in the cash income 
per farm or per capita of farm population, or that prices paid by con- 
sumei"s would be any lower. The estimated total farm production in 
1913 is less than in 1912, yet the estimated gross and net cash returns 
to farmers are greater than in 1912. Had the total production in 1913 
equaled or exceeded the 1912 production, it seems probable that the 
cash income per farm would not have been greater and might have 
been less than in 1912; but it is extremely doubtful whether the cost 
to the consumer would have been any less, because retail prices are 
promptly raised on a prospect of underproduction, but are very slow 
to decline if there is overproduction. The long liiie of distributors 
and middlemen between tlie farmer and tlie consumer are in a posi- 
tion to take advantage of the market, and to a certain extent con- 
trol the market, in both directions, because they are better organized 
to keep informed of crop and market conditions, and to act promptly, 
than either farmers or consum.ers, who are not organized, and as 
individuals are lielpless. The high prices paid by consumers, ranging 
from 5 to nearly 500 per cent, in some cases, more than the farmer 
receives, indicate that there is plenty of room for lowering the cost 
of farm products to consimiers and at the same time largely increas- 
ing tlic cash income per farm without increasing farm production. 
This, condition is undoubtedly a marketing problem, which will have 
to be solved by better organization of farmers and unproved methods 
of marketing. Wlien as the result of such organization and improved 
methods the price of farm products can be maintained at a higher 
level mthout increasing the cost to consumers, farmers will be justi- 
fied in increasing tlie output of their farms with a fair prospect of 
realizing a reasonable profit on their investment of time, labor, and 
money, which in tlie aggregate is enormous. 

Leox M. Estabrook, 
Cliief, Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts). 

ESTIMATED FARM PRODUCTION OF 1913. 
TOTAL VALUE BREAKS THE RECORD. 

In monetary value of products the farms of the United States have 
broken the annual record, although the volume of production, as 
indicated in the Secretary's report, was m.aterially below the average. 
The total value for 1913 is $9,750,000,000, nearly one-half a 
billion dollars above the value for 1912, which was itself a record 
year. This amount is composed of estimates for the items that 
make the census total of farm products. It is far from being equiv- 
alent to the total sales of farm products, but its items are the values 



6 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 570. 

of farm crops, of farm aiiimak sold and slaughtered, and of farm- 
animal products. A sum of such elements is to be accepted as an 
index number, useful for comparison with numbers similarly made 
for other years. If the value of the products of the farm for the 
census year 1909 is regarded as represented by 100, the correspond- 
ing value for 1913 is represented by 115; or, if 100 represents the 
value of farm products for the census year 1899, the index number 
for 1913 is 207, indicating more than tmce the value of the former 
year, 14 years earlier. 

The crops of 1913 have an estimated value at the farm of $6,100,- 
000,000, and this amount has never before been equaled. In 1909 
the value of crops was about 5f biUions, and in 1899 it was 3 billions 
of doUars, or less than half of the crop value of 1913. 

The estimated value of farm animals sold and slaughtered and of 
farm-animal products for 1913 is $3,650,000,000, or $100,000,000 
above the amount of the record year 1910. It compares with 3 billion 
doUars for 1909 and with more than If bilUon dollars in 1899. Within 
the last few years the value of farm animals sold and slaughtered 
and of farm-animal products for one year has tended to increase in 
a somewhat greater degree than that of farm crojjs. 

PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF CROPS. 



A summary of the acreage, production, and value of the crops of 
1913, 1912, and 1911 may be found in Table 3. The value of the corn 
crop of 1913 is far above that of any other crop. It is estimated at 
$1,692,000,000, and has not been equaled by the corn crop of any pre- 
vious year. This amount is 28 per cent of the estimated value of all 
crops, and is over 12 per cent above the average value of the five pre- 
ceding corn crops. The estimated corn production of 1913 was only 
2,447,000,000 bushels, on account of a prolonged drought throughout 
the corn belt. This quantity has been exceeded a dozen times and is 
11 per cent under the average of the preceding five years. The loss of 
production was more than counterbalanced by the increase in price. 
On December 1 the farm price for corn per bushel was 69.1 cents, a 
figure that has not been equaled, by 5.5 cents, since the department's 
record began in 1866. Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana are the leading 
corn States in 1913 in the order mentioned. The estimated area of 
this crop in 1913 was 105,820,000 acres, a decline of over 1 per cent 
below 1912. 

COTTON. 

The cotton crop now seems to be established in value as next in 
order after corn. The lint of this crop in 1913, at the price of Decem- 
ber 1, had an estimated value of $798,000,000, and this was not 



THE AGKICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 

equaled in any former year. It is 14 J per cent above the average of 
the preceding five years. The estimated number of bales of 500 
pounds gross weight in this crop is 13;677,000; consequently this 
crop has been exceeded in quantity by the crops of 1911 and 1912. 
If the estimated value of the cotton seed is added to that of hnt, the 
total farm value of this crop amounts to $945,000,000, an increase of 
16 per cent oyer the average of the previous five years. Texas usually 
produces from one-fourth to one-third the cotton crop of the 
United States. The cotton crop of the United States in 1913 covered 
36,011,000 acres, it is estimated, an increase of 5 per cent over 1912. 

HAY. 

Tlurd in order of value is the hay crop, worth at the farm at the 
price of December 1, $797,000,000, according to the estimate, an 
amount nearly 9 per cent alcove the average of the preceding five 
years, and exceeded in value by the crop only of 1912. In estimated 
quantity this crop amounted to a Uttle over 64,000,000 tons in 1913, 
an amount shghtly under the average of the previous five years, and 
exceeded by the crops of four years. In the order named, New York, 
Iowa, and Pennsylvania are the leading hay States in 1913. The 
crop of this year was cut from 48,954,000 acres, according to the 
estimate. 



The largest crop of wheat ever raised in tlus country was that of 
1913, being over 763,000,000 bushels, valued at $610,000,000. Of 
course these are estimates. Two former wheat crops have been more 
valuable. Compared with the average of the five preceding years 
this crop is 4 per cent greater, and 14 J per cent more valuable. The 
high production of this year is due to the extraordinary size of the 
winter wheat crop, which consideral)l3^ exceeded the liighest previous 
production, and amounted to nearly 524,000,000 bushels. In the 
production of wheat in 1913 the leading States are Kansas, North 
Dakota, and Minnesota in the order named. The estimated wheat 
area, this year, was 50,184,000 acres, an increase of nearly 10 per 
cent over 1912. 

OATS. 

The estimated crop of oats in 1913 was exceeded in quantity by that 
of two preceding years and amounted to 1,122,000,000 bushels, har- 
vested from 38,399,000 acres. This was 5 per cent greater than the 
average of the preceding five years. The value of the crop was 6 per 
cent greater than the average of those years, and amounted to 
$440,000,000, which was exceeded only by the value of the crop of 
1912. The principal States in production of oats in 1913 in the order 
named are Iowa, Minnesota, and Illinois. 



FARMEKS' BULLETIN 570. 
Table 3. — Crop areas, yields, emu values, 1913. 





Acreage. 


Production.! 


Farm v 


alue, Dec. 1. 


Crops. 


Per acre. 


Total. 


Per 
bushel. 


Total. 


Corn: 

1913 


ACTCS. 

105,820,000 
107,083,000 
105,825,000 

31,699,000 
26,571,000 
29,162,000 

18, 48-5, 000 
19,243,000 
20,381,000 

50, 184, 000 
45,814,000 
49,54:3,000 

38,399,000 
37,917,000 
37,763,000 

7,499,000 
7,530,000 
7, 627, 000 

2,557,000 
2.117,000 
2,127,000 

805,000 
841,000 
833, 000 

2,291,000 

2,851,000 
2, 757, 000 

827,100 
722, 800 
696, 300 

3,068,000 
3,711,000 
3,619,000 

625,000 
.583,000 
605,000 

48,954.000 
49,530,000 
48, 240, 000 

1,216,000 
1,226,000 
1,013,000 

36,011,000 
34.283,000 
36, 045, 000 

577, 000 
555,000 
474,000 

299,433,000 
294,764,000 
297,167,000 


Bushels. 
■23.1 
29.2 
23.9 

16.5 
15.1 
14.8 

13.0 
17.2 
9.4 

15.2 
15.9 
12.5 

29.2 
37.4 
24.4 

23.8 
29.7 
21.0 

16.2 

16.8 
15.6 

17.2 
22.9 
21.1 

7.8 
9.8 
7.0 

31.1 
34.7 
32.9 

90.4 
113.4 
80.9 

94.5 
95.2 
90.1 

2 1.31 

2 1.47 

2 1.14 

<784.3 
4 785.5 
* 893. 7 

U81.9 
4 190. 9 
< 207. 7 

2 10. 11 
29.41 
2 10. 68 


Bushels. 
2,446,988 000 
3, 124, 746, 000 
2, 531, 488, 000 

523,561,000 
399, 919, 000 
430, 656, 000 

2.39,819,000 
330,348,000 
190, 682, 000 

763,380,000 
730,267,000 
621,:338,000 

1,121,768,000 

1,418,337,000 

922,298,000 

178,189,000 
223,824,000 
160, 240, 000 

41,381,000 
35,664,000 
33,119,000 

13,833,000 
19,249,0<K) 
17,549,000 

17,853,000 
28,073,000 
19, 370, 000 

25,744,000 
25,054,000 
22,934,000 

331,525,000 
420, 647, 000 
292,737,000 

.59,057,000 
55,479,000 
54,538,000 

= 64,116,000 
2 72.691,000 
2 54, 916, 000 

4953,734,000 
< 062. 855, 000 
■> 905,109,000 

6 13,077,000 
6 13, 703, 000 
6 15,693,000 

2 5.834,000 
25,224,000 
2 5, 062, 000 


Cenls. 

. 69.1 
48.7 
61.8 

82.9 
80.9 
88.0 

73.4 
70.1 
86.0 

79.9 
76.0 
87.4 

39.2 
31.9 
45.0 

53. 7 
50. 5 
86.9 

63.4 
06.3 
83.2 

75. 5 
66. 1 
72.6 

$1.20 
81.15 

SI. 82 

85.8 
93.5 
79.7 

08.7 
50.5 
79.9 

72.6 
72.6 
75.5 

3 $12. 43 
■=$11.79 
3 $14. 29 

•■ 12. 8 

MO. 8 

'■9.4 

■'■ 12. 2 
Ml. 9 

5 8.8 

3 $5. 90 
3 $5. 82 
3 $5. 50 


Dollars. 
1,692,092,000 


1912 


1,520,454,000 


1911 


1,565,258,000 


V/iuter wheat: 

1913 


433,995,000 


1912 . 


32:<,572,00O 


1911 


379,151,000 


Spring wheat: 

1913 


176,127,000 


1912 . 


231,708,000 


1911 


163, 912, 000 


All wheat: 

1913 


610,122,000 


1912 


•5.55,280,000 


1911 ... 


543,063,000 


Oats: 

1913 


439,596,000 


1912 


452, 469, 000 


1911 


414,663,000 


1913 


95,7.31,000 


1912 


112,957,000 


1911 . . 


139, 182, 000 




26,220,000 


1912 


23,036,000 


1911 


27, 557, 000 


1913 . 


10,445,000 


1912.. . 


12,720,000 


1911 


12, 735, 000 


Flaxseed: 

191,3 


21,399,000 


1912 


32,202,000 


1911 


35, 272, 000 


Rice: 

1913 


22,090,000 


1912 


23,423,000 


1911 . . 


18,274,000 


1913 '. 


227,903,000 


1912 


212.550,000 


1911 


233, 778, COO 


1913 


42,884,000 


1912 . 


40,264.000 


1911 


41,202,000 


Hay: 

1913 


797,077,000 


1912 


856,695,000 


1911 


784, 926, 000 


1913 


122,481,000 




104.063,000 


1911 


85,210,000 


1913 


797,8^11,000 


1912 


781,806.000 


1911 


660, 506, 000 


1913 


34,420.000 




30.406,000 


1911 


27,843,000 


1913 


4,940,301,000 


1912 








4, 758. 925, 000 


1911 








4,589,529,000 












1 Bushe's of weight. < 
2ToR,s(2,000lbs.). e 


Potuids. 
Per pouiiil. 
Bales of 500 


sounds, gr( 


)ss weight, cxc! 


adiug lui 


ters. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



Potatoes stand fiftli among tlic crops in order of estimated value, 
the amount for 1913 being $228,000,000, an amount tiiat was ex- 
ceeded in only one year, and was 13^ per cent above the average of the 
precedmg five years. From 3,668,000 acres, estimated, the estimated 
production was 332,000,000 bushels, which was below the five-year 
average and was exceeded by the crops of four other years. On ac- 
count of the low production, the price December 1, 68.7 cents, was 
exceptionally high and has been exceeded in but few years as far 
back as 1866. The leading States in the production of potatoes this 
year in the order named are Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. 

TOBACCO. 

Tobacco follows next below tlie potato crop in order of value im 
1913, The average farm price of this crop, 12.8 cents per pound, is 
the highest since 1864. The tobacco crop of 1913 is the most valu- 
able one ever raised in this country and exceeds in value by over 36 
per cent, the average of the preceding five years. The quantity of 
the production, however, is slightl}' under that average and has been 
exceeded by three former crops. 

The final estimate of tlie production of tobacco in 1913 is 953,734,- 
000 pounds, compared with 962,855,000 pounds in 1912, a reduction 
of 9,121,000 pounds, or less than 1 per cent. The average price per 
pound on December 1 was 12.8 cents, against 10.8 cents December 1 
last year, an advance of 2 cents. The December 1 value is estimated 
to be $122,481,000, compared with $104,063,000 in 1912, an advance 
of $18,418,000, or 17.7 per cent. 

Cigar tobacco. — The leading States m the production of this crop in 
1913 are Kentucky, North Carolina, and Virginia in the order named. 

The total production of cigar tobacco is estimated at 183,35O,00G 
pounds, or 17.0 per cent less than last year, with a total value of 
$24,075,000, or less than m 1912. 

In Georgia and Florida the yield per acre is better than last year, 
and quahty is the best for several years. In aU the other districts 
the yield per acre is less than last year and quality not up to the usual 
standard of a good crop, except in the Miami VaUey of Ohio, where 
the cured product, while of smaller growth than usual, has otherwise 
fine quality. The New England crop shows a smaller percentage of 
wrapper than usual. Quality m Pennsylvania is inferior to that of 
1912. In Wisconsin, while quality is better than it was last year^ 
the crop is not fuie. Yield per acre is less and price higher than in 
1912. 

Cheming, smohing, snuff] and ex/port tobacco. — The estimated total 
production of chewing, smoking, snuff, and export tobacco is 
763,124,000 pounds, compared with 733,070,000 pounds last year, aE 
22306°— Bull. 570—13 2 



10 PAEMEES^ BULLETIN 570. 

increase of 30,054,000 pounds, or 4.1 j^er cent. The total value is 
$97,466,000, while last year's was $75,926,000, showing an increase of 
$21,540,000, or 28.4 per cent. The largest increase is in the bright 
districts of Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, where a 
larger crop has brought a higher price. 

The Burley district has a smaller production with poorer quality 
than last year, but shows an advance in price. 

The sun-cured district of Virginia had a fiLne crop when harvested, 
and curing was about jSnished in good condition when a week or 10 
days of hot, damp weather in October did serious damage by causing 
leaf to mold whUe hanging in the barns. What promised to be a 
fine crop was much reduced in quality and value. 

In the dark district of Vii-ginia a part of the tobacco has good 
quality, but a large per cent was damaged by a hail and wind storm 
early in September. The yield per acre is higher than last year, while 
the price is low. 

In the old belt of Virginia and North Carolina, quaUty is much 
better than last year, except for a part damaged by hail and wind 
during the latter part of harvest. Less color is shown than last year, 
but otherwise quahty is fine. Yield per acre is better, while the price 
is the highest for many years. 

In the new belt of North CaroUna and South Carolina yield and 
quahty are below last year. Price is higher, and in eastern North 
Carolina is the highest ever reahzed. 

The Maryland and eastern Ohio export district shows better yield 
per acre and better price than last year, with quaUty about the same. 

The perique of Louisiana shows better yield and quahty, but lower 
price than in 1913. 

BARLEY. 

The barley crop of 178,000,000 bushels as estimated has been 
exceeded twice in quantity and is 1 per cent below the average pro- 
duction of the preceding five yea,rs. The estimated value of this crop, 
$96,000,000, has dechned in greater degree than has the production. 
Four barley crops have exceeded this one in value and it is 11 per 
cent below the average value of the crops of the preceding five years. 
The principal barley States in 1913 are Minnesota, C^ahfornia, and 
North Dakota, in the order named. 

SWEET POTATOES. 

Sweet potatoes have recently been added to the list of crops for 
which quantitive estimates are made. Tliis crop had a production 
of 59,000,000 bushels in 1913, with a farm value of $43,000,000, and 
the figures for both production and value are larger than those for 
1912. In the order named. North Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama 
are the leading States in the production of sweet potatoes in 1913. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



11 



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12 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 510. 



The production of sugar beets for sugar making is found chiefly in 
half a dozen States, which have the following order in quantity of 
be-ets produced: Colorado, California, Michigan, Utah, Idaho, and Oliio. 
The estimated quantity of beets grown in 1913 was 5,834,000 short 
tons, a figure that has not been reached in any former year and which 
exceeded by 34J per cent the average quantity of the five previous 
years. The estimated value of these beets at the factory was over 
$34,000,000, an amount which was higlier than that of any former 
year and was 48 per cent liigher than the average of the preceding 
five years. 

Sugar cane had an estimated production of about 8,150,000 short 
tons, a quantity that has been exceeded half a dozen times, as has 
also the estimated value of this cane, $21,000,000. About 5,000,000 
tons are grown for sugar making, almost exclusively in Louisiana, 
and the balance of the crop is used for seed and for making shup. 

The beet and cane sugar industries combmed will have produced 
1,081,000 short tons of sugar by the end of the campaign of 1913-14 
with a factory value of $87,000,000, according to the estimates. If 
the by-products are added, the estimated value of the products of 
these two sugar mdustries will amount to $119,000,000. The product 
of sugar by these two industries in 1913-14 is larger than ever 
before, but the value has been exceeded m one previous year. 

The industry of making sugar from beets will have produced by 
the end of the campaign of 1913-14 about 727,000 short tons of 
sugar, practically all refined. This is a preliminary estimate and is 
to be accepted only tentatively, but it mdicates considerably the 
largest production of beet sugar m one year that tliis country has had 
and is 33 per cent above the average of the precedmg five years. 
The estimated value of this sugar is 13 per cent above the average of 
those years and amounts to about $61,000,000, but this value has 
been exceeded m two former years. The beet pulp, molasses, and 
other by-products of this industry, added to the value of the sugar, 
make a probable total of $63,000,000. Returns from about three- 
fourths of the beet-sugar factories mdicate a larger area and produc- 
tion of sugar beets m the United States in 1913 than last year. The 
estimates of acreage and production of beets for 1913, and of produc- 
tion of sugar for the campaign of 1913-14, in Table 5, are based upon 
conditions existing in the first part of the campaign and are subject 
to correction when later and more complete returns are available. 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



13 



Table 5. — Area and production of sugar beets, and production of beet sugar in the Unitid 

States, 1912-13. 





Beets used. 






State. 


Area. 


Production. 


Sugar macie. 




1912 


1913 (pre- 
liminary). 


1912 


1913 (pre- 
liminary). 


1912-13 


1913-14 
(prelimi- 
nary). 


California 


Acres. 
111,410 
144,999 
19,952 
124,241 
27,062 
37,000 
90,630 


Acres. 
120,000 
157,000 
22,000 
113.000 
27,000 
40,000 
98,000 


Short tons. 

1,004,328 

1,641,801 

170,619 

838, 784 
263,005 
445, 130 
860,050 


Short tov^. 

1,094,000 

1,800,000 

244.000 

937,000 

234,000 

507,000 

1,018,000 


Short tons. 
158,904 
216,010 
24,761 
95,049 
28,. 503 
59,571 
109, 758 


Short tons. 
160,000 
215,000 


Colorado 


Idaho 


Michigan 


119,000 
27,000 
57 000 


Ohio . . 


Utah.. 


Other States 


117,000 




United States. 


555, 300 


577,000 


5,224,377 


5,834,000 


692,556 


707 000 







LOUISIANA CANE-SUGAR INDUSTRY. 



The cane-sugar industry by the end of the campaign of 1913-14 
will have produced, as a prehminary estimate, 354,000 short tons of 
sugar, a production that has been exceeded half a dozen times. Its 
value is estimated at $26,000,000, and if the by-products of the 
industry are added, the total becomes about $40,000,000, wliich has 
been exceeded haK a dozen times. 

From conditions existing up to November 20, it is estimated that 
about 5,000,000 tons of cane (Table 6) wiU be used for sugar in 
Louisiana in the current campaign (1913-14). This total is based 
upon reports for 158 operating factories and upon estimates for 5. 
At least 26 sugar factories are not in operation this season. 

No estimate of sugar production is made at this time, but in the 
early part of the campaign the average yield of sugar per ton of cane 
wvls not far from normal. 

Results of the last two campaigns, with prcHmiiuuy data for 1913, 
are shown in Table 6. 

Table 6. — Cane and sugar in Louisiana. 



Year of cane harvest. 



1911 

1912 

1913 (preliminary- estimate) 



Number of 
sugar fac- 
tories in 
operation. 



188 
126 
163 



Cane used 
for sugar. 



Short tons. 
5, 887, 292 
2, 162, 574 
5, 067, 000 



Sugar made 



Total. 



Average 
per ton 
of cane. 



Pounds. 
705, 74S, 000 
317,146,000 



Pounds. 
120 
142 



14 



PARMEKS BULLETIN" 570. 



HAWAHAN SUGAR AND CANE PRODUCTION. 



Although Hawaii is outside of the territory covered by the agri- 
cultural estimates usually made by the Bureau of Statistics (Agri- 
cultural Forecasts) , inx^ormation recently received from the Hawaiian 
sugar factories is here inserted as pertinent to the general subject of 
cane and sugar production (Table 7). 

The Hawaiian cane-sugar production for the year ending Septem- 
ber 30, 1913, amounted to 551,000 short tons, the lowest since 1909-10, 
when 517,090 short tons were produced. The crop of 1910-11 was 
566,821 tons, and the succeeding crops are shown below. 

In 1912-13, the average yield of sugar per ton of cane was 244 
pounds, and the cane itself averaged 39 tons per acre. Of the four 
islands represented in these returns, Hawaii produced 197,000 tons of 
sugar; Kauai, 105,000; Maui, 125,000; and Oahu, 124,000 tons. 

Table 7. — rrelbninary returns of the Hawaiian cane-sugar campaign ending Sept. 30, 
1913, and coinparison with two jyreceding years. 





Factories 
in opera- 
lion. 


Sugar made. 


Cane used. 


Area of 
cane 
used. 


Year ending Sept. 30 — 


Total. 


Average 
per ton 
of cano. 


Total. 


Average 

yield 
per acre. 


1911 


50 
51 
50 


Short tons. 
574, 478 
595,038 
551,000 


Pounds. 
238 
249 
244 


Short tons. 
4,83.5,000 
4,774,000 
4,517,000 


Short tons. 
41 

42 
39 


Acres. 

117,000 


1912 


113,000 


1913 (preliminary) . . 


115,000 





Rye is a crop that has occupied a rather stationary place in the 
estimates of the bureau for many years, but a marked extension of 
area and appreciable increase of production developed in case of 
the crop harvested in 1913. This is a fall-sown crop and its increase 
in acreage in 1913 was due largely to its greater utilization for pas- 
turage in autumn and spring in the States extending from Ohio west- 
ward to the plains States. The estimated production in 1913 was 
over 41,000,000 bushels, making this cro23 easily the largest one ever 
produced in this country, and over 25 per cent greater than the five- 
year average. The estimated value of this crop, $26,000,000, was 
exceeded by the crop of only one former year and is greater by 9 
per cent than the five-3^ear average. Chief among the r3"e States in 
the order mentioned are Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan. 



The estimated rice crop of nearly 26,000,000 bushels, or more than 
1,158,000,000 pounds of rough rice, in 1913 is the largest one ever 
raised in this country and exceeds by 11 per cent the average of the 
previous five years. In estimated value this crop ranks second, 



THE AGKICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 

the amount being over $22,000,000, or 20 per cent above the five- 
year average. This crop has ahnost become extinct in the Atlantic 
States, where it once had commercial importance, and the commercial 
crop is now produced almost entirely in Louisiana, Texas, and 
Arkansas. 

FLAXSEED. 

The production of flaxseed dechned considerably in 1913, and was 
over 15 per cent below the five-year average. This crop's value is 
estimated at more than $21,000,000, or 32 per cent below the five-year 
average. The crop of this year has been exceeded many times in both 
quantity and value. Chief among the States that produce flaxseed 
are North Dakota, Montana, and Mimiesota, in the order named. 



The estimate of the hop crop is over 56,000,000 pounds, valued at 
less than $15,000,000. The production has been exceeded in two 
years and is 18 per cent above the average of the previous five years, 
while the estimated value of the crop has been exceeded only once 
and is over 42 per cent above the five-year average. 

BUCKWHEAT. 

Buckwheat, with an estimated production of nearly 14,000,000 
bushels, has been exceeded in production many times and is nearly 
19 per cent below the five-year average. Its value is estimated at 
over $10,000,000, and in this respect also the crop has been exceeded 
m^any times, and it is nearly 1 1 per cent under the five-year average. 
Chief among the buckwheat-raising States are Pennsylvania, New 
York, and Michigan, in the order mentioned. 

TOTAL CEREAL PRODUCTION AND VALUE. 

The cereals are all expressed in bushels and, although these 
bushels differ in weight and the cereals differ in their characteristics, 
the sum of the cereals for a series of years indicates in a comprehen- 
sive way the drift of production. In 1913, 4,591,000,000 bushels of 
cereals were produced, it is estimated, a quantity that has been 
exceeded in thi-ee years and that is 3 per cent under the average of 
the previous five years. On the other hand, the estimated value of 
the cereals of 1913 is $2,896,000,000, which is nearly 5 per cent above 
the highest figure yet reached b}^ them and is almost 9 per cent above 
the average of the preceding five years. Nearly the entire amount 
of the increase in value of the cereals above their value in 1912 is due 
to the increase in value of the corn and wheat crops of this year over 
those of last year. 



16 FARMEES' BULLETIN 570. 

PRODUCTION AND VALUE COMPARISONS. 

In quantity of estimated production, the record has been broken 
by wheat, rye, rice, sugar beets, beet sugar, and the total of beet and 
cane sugar. Of the remaining crops, oats, barley, cotton, and hops 
have been exceeded tv.ice in production. The estimated production 
of the other crops of which separate account is made was relatively 
low. 

The value of the crops of 1913 is high. A new high record in esti- 
mated value is made by the total of all cereals, and separately by 
corn, cotton, cotton seed, tobacco, and sugar beets. Only once has 
there been a higher estimated value for oats, rye, rice, potatoes, hay, 
hops, and the total of beet and cane sugar. Only twice has the esti- 
mated value of wheat and of beet sugar been exceeded. 

If comparison be made with the average of the preceding five j^ears, 
estimated production is lower for barle}", buckwheat, corn, flaxseed, 
hay, potatoes, and tobacco, and estimated production is higher for 
oats, rice, rye, wheat, cotton, cotton seed, sugar beets, and hops. 
A better showing is made for the estimated values of these crops. 
Compared with the five-year average, lower values are estunated for 
barley, buckwheat, and flaxseed, whereas higher ones are estimated 
for corn, oats, rice, rye, wheat, cotton, cotton seed, sugar beets, hay, 
potatoes, tobacco, and hops. The estimated value of all crops for 
1913 is nearly 11 per cent above the five-j'ear average. 

The crops for which acreage and quantitative estimates of produc- 
tion are made annually by the Bureau of Statistics represented in 
1913 nearly 85 per cent of the value of all crops in 1909 and over 88 
per cent of all crops in 1899; or nearly 92 per cent of the value of 
crops having census reports of acreage in 1909, and nearly 96 per cent 
of the value of such crops in 1899. From the aspect of acreage 
these crops represent about 97 per cent of all crops having census 
acreage reports in 1909, and 98 per cent in 1899. 

Detiiils b}^ States for acreage, production, and value of all crops for 
which cpiantitative estimates are made for 1913 may be found in 
Tables 11 to 25. 

ANIMAL PRODUCTS. 

It is estimated that the farm annuals sold and slaughtered during 
the year had a farm value of $2,206,000,000, or more than 20 per 
cent above the five-year average, although the number of these ani- 
mals sold and slaughtered remained about the same as the five-year 
average. 

The dairy products of 1913 are estimated at more than $814,000,000, 
or nearly 6 per cent more than the average for the preceding five 
yeai's. The eggs produced and fowls raised have an estunated value 
of more than $578,000,000, or more than 4 per cent above the five- 
year average. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 

'J?he wool production of 1913, estimated at 304,000,000 pounds, 
was over 3 per cent under the average of the five preceding years, and 
its estimated value at a low average price was over $51,000,000, or 
over 11 per cent below the five-year average. 

PRICE TENDENCIES. 

The common phenomenon of record yield and crop value below the 
record, and of record crop value with low production is presented by 
more than half a dozen of the crops of 1913. If the farmer gets a 
high price, perhaps a very high price, per bushel or other unit of 
quantity in case of a crop of low production, on the other hand he 
usually gets but low prices for the crops which he produces in abun- 
dance. 

The prices of 14 principal crops average about 20.2 per cent higher 
than a year ago and 4.6 per cent higher than two years ago. Their 
total values average about 3.8 per cent higher than a year ago and 
7.6 per cent higher than two years ago. Hence aggi"egate production 
averaged about 13.6 per cent less than a year ago and 2.9 per cent 
more than two years ago. 

FARM PRICES OF STAPLE CROPS. 

The general level of farm prices of staple cro]>s decreased approxi- 
mately 0.9 per cent from November 1 to December 1 . Last year from 
November 1 to December 1 there was a decline in price level of 6.8 
per cent, and for the last five years there has been an average decline 
in price level from November 1 to December 1 of 2.9 per cent. The 
average level of prices on December 1 was about 20.3 per cent higher 
than on December 1 hist year, 0.3 per cent lower than two years ago 
(the year in which crop production was smaller than this year) , and 
9.3 per cent higher than the average of the last five years on Decem- 
ber 1. 

FARM PRICKS OF MEAT ANIMALS. 

The average price to producere of meat animals (beef cattle, veal 
calves, hogs, sheep, lambs, and chickens) on November 1-5 was about 
$6.94 per 100 pounds, which compared with $7.12 on October 15, 
$6.45 on November 15 a year ago, S5.45 two years ago, and $6.47 
three years ago. 

The decline of 2.5 per cent in price level from October 16 to Novem- 
ber 15 compared with a decline of 5.9 per cent in the same period last 
year, 2.4 per cent two years ago, and 4.8 per cent three years ago. 

FARM PRICES OF MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS. 

Prices at the farm have hocn reported monthly for the following 
commodities beginning with 1908: Corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, 
buckwheat, flaxseed, potatoes, hay, cotton, butter, eggs, and chickens. 
22306°— Bull. 570—13 3 



18 



farmers' bulletin 570. 



From December 1, 1912, to December 1, 1913, the pries of chickens 
per pomid increased from 10.8 to 11.4 cents; the price of eggs in- 
creased from 29.7 to 33 cants; the price of butter increased from 

25.8 to 29.2 cents; the price of cotton increased from 11.9 to 12.2 
cents; of hay, from S11.79 to $12.43; of potatoes, from 50.5 to 68.7 
cents; of flaxseed, from 114.7 to 119.9 cents; of buckwheat, from 
66. 1 to 75.5 cents; of barley, from 50.4 to 53.7 cents; of oats, from 

31.9 to 39.2 cents; of wheat, from 76 to 79.9 cents; and of corn, from 
48.7 to 69.1 cents. In tha meantime the price of rye dechned from 
66.3 to 63.4 cents. The above prices are those paid to producers. 

TENDENCY OF YIELD PER ACRE. 

The yields per acre of 10 principal crops have been converted 
to index numbers, in computing which 100 represents the average yield 
per acre of the 10 years 1903-1912; and the index numbers for these 
10 crops have been consolidated into one series of index numbers. 
The results may be found in Table 8. A glance along the line for 
1913 at once discovers that this year was one of low estimated 
production per acre. The only crops of the 10 that are represented 
by a number greater than the average are wheat and ry?. The 
3 3'ears 1904-5-6 were ones of high estimated production per acre 
for the combined 10 crops and these were followed by years of low 
estimated production per acre until 1912, when the highest production 
of the combined 10 crops for the 11 years embraced in the table 
is exhibited. The index number for 1913 for the combined crops is 
only 93 and the only year of the 11 with a lower estimated production 
per acre is 1911, represented b}^ 90. 

Table 8. — Index figures of yield per acre of 10 products, 100 representing the average 
yield per acre of the 10 years, 1903-1912. 



Year. 


Corn. 


Wheal. Oats. 


Barley. 


Pota- 
toes. 


Hay. 


Cotton. 


To- 
bacco. 


Flax. 


Rye. 


lOcroyS 
com- 
bined. 


1912 

1911 

1910 

vm 

1003 

1907 

!oon 

1S<J5 

1004 


lOS 
89 

103 
95 
97 
96 

112 

107 
99 
94 


113 
88 
98 

110 
99 
99 

110 

103 
89 
91 


126 
82 
106 
100 
84 
SO 
105 
114 
108 
95 


117 
S3 
89 
91 
99 
94 
111 
105 
107 
104 


118 
84 
98 

111 
89 
99 

107 
91 

115 
88 


103 

77 
93 
100 
107 
102 
95 
108 
107 
108 


102 
112 

91 

83 
104 

% 
109 
100 
110 

93 


95 
109 
98 
98 
100 
103 
104 
99 
99 
95 


109 

78 
58 
104 
107 
100 
113 
123 
115 
93 


104 
97 
99 
100 
102 
102 
104 
102 
94 
96 


109 

90 
98 
97 
99 
96 
107 
105 
103 


1903 


96 


1003-1912... 
:0i3 


100 
86 


100 
107 


100 
98 


100 
93 


100 
94 


100 
92 


100 

98 


100 
95 


100 

87 


100 
101 


100 
93 



THE NATIONAL SURPLUS. 

In these days of high prices of food, it seems to be overlooked that 
the farmers of this country are producing enormous surpluses for 
export to foreign countries. Prices are high in other countries as well 
as in this one. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 19 

The vtilue of the agricultural exports of domestic production in the 
fiscal year 1913 was $1,123,021,469, an amount wliich has not before 
been equaled. The reexports, otherwise called the exports of foreign 
agricultural products, are estimated at $12,000,000. The so-called 
balance of trade in agricultural products is in favor of the exports of 
domestic farm products by $296,000,000. 

During the fiscal year of 1913 over 166,000,000 pounds of beef and 
its products were exported, but this quantity included only somewhat 
more than 7,000,000 pounds of fresh beef. The quantity of exports 
of beef and its products has rapidly declined from 733,000,000 pounds 
in 1906. The exports of pork and its products in 1913 amounted to 
964,000,000 poimds, a quantity that is exceeded by the average for 
the preceding 23 years and, \Wtli 3 exceptions, by the exports of 
each one of these years. 

In no previous year have the exports of cotton })een as large as they 
were in 1913, when the quantity was 9,545,000 bales of 500 pounds 
gross weight. The exports of this fiber have been increasing for many 
years. The cottonseed oil exports amounted to 42,000,000 gallons, 
an amount that compares favorably with that of preceding years. 
The wheat exports, including flour converted to wheat, more than 
equaled 141,000,000 bushels, and were not equaled since 1903, except 
in 1907 and 1908. Corn was exported to the amount of 51,000,000 
bushels, a low figure in comparison with the average of the preceding 
37 years. The exports of hops in 1913 amounted to nearly 18,000,000 
pounds, and were exceeded in only two years. The exports of rice, 
rice bran, meal, and polish were 39,000,000 pounds — a high figure. 
The apple exports of 1913 were 2,150,000 barrels, a quantity greater 
than that of any previous year. There are manj^ minor products 
which appear in the exports of tiie agricultural products of this coun- 
try, some of which are gaming in quantit}^ while others are undimin- 
ished or are declining. 

AREA AND CONDITION OF GRAIN. 



The area of winter wheat sown in the fall of 1913, according to 
estimates based upon reports of correspondents and agents Decem- 
ber 1, is 8.6 per cent more than the harvested estimated area sown in 
the fall of 1912 and is equivalent to an increase of 2,888,000 acres, 
the indicated total area bemg 36,506,000 acres. This is the largest area 
ever sown to whiter wheat in this country, partly because of favorable 
weather for plowing and scedmg, and partly because farmers in the 
belt of the severe drought of last summer desired to use the wheat for 
fall and sprmg pasturage. Among the leadmg States in winter wheat 
production are Kansas, Nebraslca, and Illinois in the order named. 



20 farmers' bulletin 570. 

Th:' condition of winter whoat December 1 was 97.2 per cent, an 
exceptionally high average and imequaled .since 1903. It compared 
with a condition of 93.2 and 86.6 on December 1, 1912 and 1911, 
respective^, and a 10-year average of 89.2. During the last 25 j^ears, 
only in 1891, 1897, and 1903 has the December condition of winter 
wheat been as high as in December of this year. It will be observed 
in Table 26 that the high condition prevails throughout the entire 
winter wheat belt and also in States of minor production. 

Durmg the last 10 years the average abandonment of area sown to 
winter wheat has been 9.8 per cent and, if the present area of this crop 
is reduced hj this average abandonment, the area that will probably 
be harvested will be 32,928,000 acres. A condition of 97.2 indicates a 
yield of about 16.5 bushels per acre; so that on December 1 the indi- 
cated production of wmler wheat is 543,000,000 bushels, or about 
20,000,000 bushels above the record crop of 1913. 

The closer we approach the time of harvest, the more nearly do the 
condition reports reflect, or forecast, the final outcome of the crop. 
On December 1, however, the crop is about seven months away from 
harvest and many dangers may intervene; so many in fact that the 
value of the December 1 report has been questioned as giving a,ny 
mdication of the final outturn of the crop. In the last 20 years the 
condition of the crop on December 1 has averaged 90.7 per cent and 
in the same period the condition on July 1 (practically at harvest) 
has averaged 78.8 per cent, an average declme during the seven 
months of 11.9 pomts. Of the 20 years, the 10 highest reports for 
December 1 averaged 95.5 per cent, and the 10 lowest, 86. The 
average condition on July 1 of the 10 crops wiiich show the highest 
condition on December 1 was 80.6, and the average condition on July 
1 of the 10 crops which show the iow^est condition on December 1 was 
77. Here is a striking parallel between the average condition on 
December 1 and the average condition on July 1 , which is practically 
at harvest. Of the best 10 crops on December 1, seven remained 
among the best 10 at harvest. 

RYE. 

The area of rye sov/n during the fall of 1913, based upon reports of 
correspondents and agents, is 1.1 per cent less than the harvested 
estimated area sovv'n in the fall of 1912, equivalent to a decrease of 
29,000 acres, the indicated total area being 2,702,000 acres. This is 
the largest area ever sown to rye in this country. 

The condition of the crop December 1 was 95.3, against 93.5 and 

93.3 on December 1, 1912 and 1911, respectively, and a ten-year 

average of 92.7. 

WAGES. 

Farmers v/lio employ?- wage labor find it diflicult to meet the increas- 
ing rates. The average wage rates of farm labor without board in 
the United States increased from $22.12 to $29.58 per month from 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 21. 

1902 to 1912, or 33.7 per cent. In the North Atlantic States the 
increase was from $28.01 to $34.01, or 21.4 per cent; in the North 
Central States east of the Mississippi River, from $26.28 to $32.82, 
or 24.9 per cent; in the North Central States west of the Mississippi 
River, from $28.39 to $36.52, or 28.6 per cent; in the Western States, 
from $39.69 to $47.01, or 18.4 per cent; in the South Atlantic States, 
from $14.95 to $21.56, or 44.2 per cent; and in the South Central 
States, from $17.13 to $23.41, or 36.7 per cent. The heav^iest per- 
centages of increase are in the South. 

At the average rates of vrages for farm labor without board per 
month in the United States (using $29.58 of 1912) and the average 
prices of farm products at the farm in 1913, the quantity of each 
product specified below was required to pay a month's wages in 
1913: Forty-three bushels of corn, or 37 bushels of wheat, or 75 
bushels of oats, or 55 bushels of barley, or 47 bushels of lye, or 39 
bushels of buckwheat, or 25 bushels of flaxseed, or 43 bushels of 
potatoes, or 2.4 tons of hay, or 242 pounds of cotton lint, or 101 
pounds of butter, or 90 dozens of eggs, or 259 i)ounds of chickens. 

The requirements for paying the average montldy wages without 
board (using $29.58 of 1912) may be expressed in terms of the acres 
necessary to produce crops sufficient to meet this expense. As an 
average for the United States, the corn needed for this purpose was 
harvested from 1.9 acres in 1913; the wheat, from 2.4 acres; the oats, 
from 2.6 acres; the barley, from 2.3 acres; the rye, from 2.9 acres; 
the buckwheat, from 2.3 acres; the flaxseed, from 3.2 acres; the pota- 
toes, from one-half acre; the hay, from 1.8 acres; and the cotton, 
from 1.3 acres. 

PRINCIPAL FARM EXPENSES. 

The census reports indicate that in 1909 the total amount of 
farm wages paid to farm laborers was $651,611,287. This is almost 
double the cost in 1899, wliich was $357,391,930. Considerable 
increases in this item of expense are indicated since 1909. 

The total amount paid out for fertilizer in 1909 was $114,882,541, 
and the increased use would indicate a still larger outlay this year. 
The amount expended for this purpose in 1899 was $53,430,910, 
less than half that in 1909. 

SUBTROPICAL FRUITS IN CALIFORNIA AND FLORIDA. 

Special reports concerning the subtropical fruits of southern Cali- 
fornia and Florida were made by correspondents and agents for 
December 1. These reports indicate, in the form of percentages, the 
estimated production of these fi'uits compared vnth a full crop. In 
California the oHve crop of 1913 was 80 per cent of a fuU crop, the 



22 



FARMEES' BULLETIN 570. 



figures for 1912 and 1911 being respectively 64 and 87 per cent. 
Table grapes were produced in California to the extent of 83 per 
cent of a full crop in 1913, as compared with 89 per cent in 1912 
and 85 per cent in 1911. The orange crop of California in 1913 was 
80 per cent of a full crop— a low production, due to adverse weather; 
in Florida the orange crop of 1913 was 100, or in other words, it was 
equal to a full crop, in comparison with which the crop of 1912 is 
represented by 125 and the crop of 1911 by 66. 

The lemon crop of Cahfornia suffered with the oranges and 
amounted to only 57 per cent of a full crop in 1913, against which is 
95 per cent of a full crop in 1912 and 92 per cent in 1911. The grape- 
fruit crop of Florida in 1913 was 74 per cent of a fuU crop, com- 
pared with 105 per cent in 1912 and 57 per cent in 1911. In Florida 
92 per cent of a full crop was the production of limes in 1913, compared 
with which is 75 per cent of a full crop in 1912 and also in 1911. 

Table 9. — Production compared with a full crop of subtropical fruits in California vnd 

Florida. 



Crop. 


California. 


Florida. 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1913 


1912 1911 




SO 
83 
80 
57 


64 
89 
92 
95 


87 
85 
92 
92 


















100 

Yi 

92 


125 

ICO 
105 
75 


66 




50 




57 










75 













APPLE SHIPMENTS, 1913. 

The first annual inquiry of the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural 
Forecasts) to determine what percentage of the apple crop is shipped 
out of the counties where grown has been completed for 1913. The 
quantity shipped out of counties where grown corresponds rouglily 
with what is known as the commercial crop. Of the production 
of 1913, 41 per cent was shipped out of the counties and 59 per cent 
was kept for local consumption. 

In the New England States in 1913 the percentage of the crop 
shipped out of the producing counties was 47; for the Middle Atlantic 
States, 53 ; for the South Atlantic, 32 ; for the North Central east of 
the Mississippi River, 36; and the North Central west of the Missis- 
sippi, 20 per cent. The South Central States east of the Mississippi 
River, represented chiefly by Tennessee and Kentucky, reported only 8 
per cent of the production as shipped out of the counties where 
grown, wlile the South Central States west of the Mississippi River, 
represented cliiefly by Arkansas, reported the shipments as amount- 
ing to 34 per cent of the total. The highest percentages were for 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



23 



the Rocky Mountain and the Pacific States, wliich reported sliip- 
ments, respectively, as 61 and 55 per cent of production. 

The apple crop of 1913 was very small, especially on the Atlantic 
slope, and the surplus, that is, the '^ commercial crop," was reported 
to be relatively small compared vrith the total crop. Hence, except 
m years of small production, it may be expected that more the^n two- 
fifths of the entire apple crop is shipped out of the counties where 
grown. More definite data as to the relation between total production 
and the ''commercial crop" are expected to result from subsequent 
3^carly inquiries. 

DURUM WHEAT MOVEMENT, 1912-13. 

The durum w^heat crop of 1912 was the largest since 1909. This 
is indicated by both receipts at primary markets and exports. 
According to returns made to the Bureau of Statistics (Agiicultural 
Forecasts), the exports of durum wheat from the United States during 
the year beginning July 1, 1912, were 15,461,129 bushels, of which 
507,050 were shipped through Portland, Me., 11,214,846 through 
New York, 2,140,703 thi'ough Philadeli)hia, 382,244 tlirough Balti- 
more, and 1,216,286 bushels from Duluth thi'ough Canadian seaports. 

Receipts at Duluth, during the same year, were 14,419,169 bushels, 
at Minneapolis 6,590,390, at Chicago 471,600, at St. Louis 851,050, 
and at Omaha 172,000, making a total of 22,504,209 bushels for the 
five markets. 

A comparison of these exports and receipts with those of earlier 
years is shown in Table 10. 

Table 10. — Exports of durum wheat from the United Stales and receipts at five leading 

primary markets. 



Year beginning 
July 1— 


Exports 

from 
United 
States. 


Receipts 
at five 
leading 
primary 
markets. 


1907 


Bushels. 
27, 053, 478 
20. 777, 435 
18,344,972 
3,273.703 
1,851,988 
15, 461, 129 


Biishelt. 
31,600,604 
32, 754, 509 
34, 627, 025 
19, 668, 484 

5. 829, 622 
22, 504, 209 


1908 


1909 


1910 


1911 


1912 





G. K. Holmes, 
Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) . 



24 PAEMEKS' BULLETIN 570. 

Table 11.^ — Corn: Estimates of ccreage, -production, and value, 1913 and 1912. 



States. 



Maiiip 

Kew IlainpKhire . . 

Vermont 

Massaehusctls 

Eliode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

Kew Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky' 

Tennessee 

Alab ma 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklalioma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States. 



Acreage (000 
omitted). 



A ores. 
16 
22 
45 

48 
11 

61 
527 
275 
1,463 
197 

670 
1,980 

732 
2,835 
1,975 

4,066 
675 
3,900 
4,900 
10, 4,50 

1.675 
1,6.50 
2,400 
9,9.50 
7,375 

375 
2, 640 
7,610 
7, .320 
3,650 

3, 350 
3,200 
3,1.50 
1.900 
6,800 

4,750 

2.475 

28 

17 

420 

85 
17 
10 
1 

14 
34 
21 
55 



Acres. 
16 
23 

45 
47 
11 

60 

612 

273 

1,449 

195 

670 
1,980 

725 
2,808 
1,915 

3,910 
6.55 
4,075 
4.947 
10, 658 

1.625 
1,632 
2,266 
10,047 
7,622 

328 
2,495 
7,609 
7. 575 
3,600 

3,332 
3, 150 
3, 106 
1,805 
7,300 

5,448 

2,475 

24 

16 

420 

93 

16 

9 

1 

12 
31 
20 
52 



Yield per 
acre. 



Bu. 
38 
37 
37 
40 
36 

38 
28 
40 
39 
32 

33 
26 
31 
20 
20 

16 
15 
38 
36 
27 

34 
40 
40 
34 
18 



Bu. 

40 
46 
40 
4.5 
42 

50 
39 
38 
42 
34 

30 
24 
34 
18 
18 

14 

13 
43 
40 

40 

34 
36 
34 
43 
32 

27 
31 
24 
23 
30 

26 
17 
18 
18 
21 

19 
20 
26 
23 
21 

22 
33 
30 
30 

33 
27 
32 
37 



Total production 
(000 omitted). 



1913 



Bu. 

608 

814 

1,665 

1,944 

402 

2,348 
15,020 
10.. 862 
57, 057 

6,206 

22,110 
51, 480 
22, 692 
55, 282 
38, 512 

63,023 
10, 125 
146, 250 
176,400 
282, 150 

56. 112 
66,825 
96,000 
338, 300 
129, 062 

10,800 
67,320 
114, 150 
23, 424 
74,825 

68, 675 
55, 360 
63,000 
41,800 
163,200 

52.250 

47.025 

882 

493 

6,300 

1.572 

476 

340 

34 

448 

952 

598 

1,815 



2, 446, 988 



Bu. 

640 
1,058 
1,800 
2. 115 

456 

3,000 
19, 763 
10,374 

61,582 
6,630 

24, 455 
47,520 
24,505 
51,106 
34, 278 

53,958 
8,515 
174, 410 
199, 364 
426, 320 

55, 2-50 
58, 262 
78,177 
432, 021 
243,904 

8,758 

76, 347 

1,82,616 

174, 225 

109,440 

88,298 
54,180 
56, 840 
32,490 
153, 300 

101,878 

50,490 

612 

368 

8, 736 

2.083 
528 
270 
30 

394 

846 

630 

1,924 



3, 124, 746 



Price per 

bushel 
Dec. 1 to 
producers. 



Cts. 
87 
81 
81 
85 
99 

85 
81 
75 
72 
59 

65 
76 
80 
88 
97 

91 
82 
63 
60 
63 

67 
60 
53 
00 
74 



75 
110 

70 
118 



Cts. 
75 



61 
79 
71 
68 
64 

41 
67 
70 
64 
50 

75 
100 

75 



Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 



Dolls. 

529 

659 

1,349 

1, 652 

398 

1,996 
12, 166 

8,146 
41,081 

3,662 

14, 372 
39, 125 
18, 154 
48, 648 
37,357 

57, 351 
8,302 

92, 138 
105,840 
177, 754 

37, 595 
40,095 
50,880 
202,9.80 
95, 506 

5,616 
37, 699 
74, 198 
18, 271 
56, 867 

52, 880 
49, 270 
48,510 
32, 186 
133, 824 

37, 620 

36, 680 

679 

394 

4,599 

1,179 
524 
238 
40 

305 

762 

419 

1,597 



1 692,092 



Dolls. 

480 

794 

1,296 

1,629 

401 

2,310 
13, 834 
7,054 

38, 797 
3,381 

13, 450 
33, 739 
15, 928 
42, 418 
29, 136 

45,864 
6,727 
78, 484 
83, 733 
174, 791 

31,492 
29, 714 
28,925 
151,207 
112,196 

3,766 
28, 248 
67, 568 
69, 690 
00, 192 

53, 862 
42, 802 
40,356 
22,093 
98,112 

41,770 

33,828 

428 

236 

4,368 

1,562 
528 
202 
29 

276 

651 

472 

1,6.35 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 25 

Table 12. — Hay: Estimates of acreage, proditctioii, and value, 191S and 1912. 



Stales. 



Maine , 

Mew Hampshire. 
Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 



Connecticut... 

New York 

New Jersey . . . 
Pennsylvauia. 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

Wesl Virginia.. 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia. 
Florida . 
Ohio . . . . 
Indiana . 
Illinois.. 



Michigan.. 
Wisconsin. 
Minnesota. 

Iowa , 

Missouri. . . 



North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee . . 
Alabama . . . 
Mississippi . 
Louisiana . . 
Texas 



Oklahoma . 
Arkansas.. 
Montana.. 
Wyoming. 
Colorado . . 



New Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California . . . 



United States. 



Acreage (000 
omitted). 



Acres. 

1,194 

495 

1,000 

475 

58 

379 
4,700 

361 

3,141 

72 

390 
750 
740 
320 
210 

250 

47 

2, 9(;0 

1,800 

2,500 

2,400 
2, 375 
1,000 
3,000 
3,000 

340 

4fiO 

1,250 

1,500 



900 
210 
220 
IfiO 
400 

450 
320 
660 



192 
135 
390 
235 

705 

780 

825 

2,400 



48, 954 



Acres. 

1,231 

501 

1,010 

477 

58 

379 
4,720 

362 

3, 173 

72 

381 
741 
745 
293 
194 

234 

43 

2, 960 

1,885 

2,512 

2,395 
2,250 
1,601 
3,537 
3,187 

364 

460 

1,150 

1, 627 

815 



209 
201 
142 
387 

385 
280 
640 
452 
870 

187 
113 
368 
227 

692 

776 

790 

2,500 



49,530 



Yield per 
acre. 



Total pro- 
duction 

(000 omitted). 



Tons. 

1.00 

1.00 

1.28 

1.21 

1.17 

1.14 
1.14 
1.30 
1.32 
1.30 

1.26 
1.27 
1.25 
1.31 
1.16 

1.40 
1.35 
1.30 
1.00 



1.05 
1.62 
1.50 
1.48 
.60 

1.14 

1.20 

1.34 

.90 



1.21 
1.36 
1.33 
1.50 
1.16 

.85 
1.20 
1.80 
1.90 
2.05 

2.08 
4.00 
2.33 
2.75 

2.90 
2.30 
2.10 
1.50 



1.31 



Tonf 
1.16 
1.25 
1.50 
1.25 
1.13 

1.15 
1.25 
1.44 
1.43 
1.33 

1.51 
1.20 
1.38 
1.30 
1.15 

1.35 
1.25 
1.36 
1.37 
1.30 

1.33 
1.60 
1.53 
1.40 
1.30 

1.40 
1.46 
1.35 
1.50 
1.23 

1.30 
1.2,-) 
1.48 
1.65 
1.40 

1.25 
1.23 
1.90 
1.90 
2.19 

2.33 
3.40 

2. 7S 
3.00 

2.80 
2.20 
2.20 
1.53 



1.47 



Tons. 

1,194 

495 

1,280 

575 

68 

432 
5,358 

469 

4,146 

94 

491 
9.52 
925 
419 
244 

350 

63 

3, S!8 

1,800 

2,450 

2, 520 
3, 848 
2,490 
4,440 
1,800 



552 
1,675 
1,350 

674 

1,089 
286 
293 
240 
464 

382 

384 
1,188 

912 
1,824 

399 

540 
909 
646 

2,044 
1,794 
1,732 
3,600 



64, 116 



Tnns. 
1,428 

626 
1,515 

596 
66 

436 
5,900 

521 

4,537 

96 

675 
889 
1,028 
381 
223 

316 

54 

4,026 

2,582 

3,266 I 

3,185 I 
3,600 : 
2, .541 i 
4,952 I 
4,143 

510 

672 

1,552 

2,440 

1,002 

1, 154 
261 
297 
234 
542 

481 
352 

1,216 
859 

1,905 

436 

384 

1,02:3 

681 

1,938 
1,707 
1,738 
3,826 



72, 691 



Price per 

ton 
Dec. 1 1« 
producers. 



Dolls. 

13. !K) 
17.20 
14. 50 
21.10 
21.20 

20.10 
lo.IiO 
19.00 

14. GO 
15.70 

15.20 

15. .50 
14.90 
16.50 
18.70 

17.90 
18.20 
12.80 
14.10 
14.10 

13.10 
11.10 
6.60 
9.60 
14.50 

5.80 
6.50 
8.70 
12.50 
16.50 

16. 20 
14.20 
13.50 
12.50 
11.80 

10.40 
13.50 
9.60 
6.70 
10.00 

12.10 
11.00 
9.10 
11.00 

7.20 
10.90 

9.00 
13.50 



12.43 



Do?/.?. 
13.70 
15.00 
14.00 
21.50 
22.20 

22.50 
14.90 
-20.00 
15.60 
15.00 

14.40 
15.20 
15.00 
16.70 
18.00 

17.00 
18.10 
13.00 
11.40 
12.60 

12. 70 
12. 10 
6.40 
9.50 
9.80 

5.50 
6.10 
8.40 
7.60 
13.70 

15. 80 
14.60 
12.60 
12.70 
10.40 

7.40 
12.00 
8.30 
8.60 
8.70 

S..50 
12.00 
8.00 
8.70 

6.30 
10.10 

8.30 
13.70 



11.79 



Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 



1913 



Dolls. 
16,597 

8,514 
18, 560 
12, 132 

1,442 

8,683 
81,977 

8,911 
01, 775 

1,476 

7,463 

14, 756 

13, 782 

6,914 

4,563 

6,265 
1,147 
49, 254 
2.5, 380 
34, 545 

.33, 012 
42, 713 
16, 434 
42,624 
26,100 

2,250 
3,588 
14, 572 
16, 875 
11,121 

17,642 
4,001 
3, 956 
3,000 
5,475 

3.973 
5, 184 
11,405 
0,110 

18, 240 

■4,828 
5, 940 
8, 272 
7,106 

14,717 
19, 555 
15, 588 
48,600 



797, 077 



26 farmers' bulletin 510. 

I'able 13. — Winter wheat: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912. 



states. 


Acreage (000 
omitted). 


Yield per 
acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


Price per 

bushel 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 


Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 




1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylyania 


Acres. 

340 

80 

1,286 

113 

610 

780 
235 
605 
79 
140 

1,950 

2,150 

2,240 

835 

87 

50 

450 

2,315 

100 

■ 3,125 

6.655 

725 

700 

32 

1 

780 

1,750 

101 

480 

40 

200 
35 
29 

200 
16 

310 

1,200 

575 

300 


Acres. 
335 

79 

1,240 

111 

599 

741 
233 
598 
79 
132 

1,220 

1,260 

1,183 

700 

87 

""'"366' 
1,900 

"2,' 82.5" 

5,900 

686 

674 

30 

8 

735 
1,570 

94 
475 

32 

193 
33 
21 

160 
15 

335 
988 
630 
370 


Bu. 
20.0 
17.6 
17.0 
14.5 
13.3 

13.6 
13.0 
11.7 
12.3 
12.2 

18.0 
18.5 
IS. 7 
15.3 
20.1 

16.2 
23.4 
17.1 
9.0 
18.6 

13.0 
13.6 
12.0 
11.7 
14.0 

17.5 
10.0 
13.0 
25.6 
25.0 

21.1 
18.6 
32.0 
23.0 
23.0 

27.4 
27.0 
21.4 
14.0 


Bu. 
16.0 
18.5 
18.0 
17.5 
15.0 

11.6 
14.5 
8.9 
9.2 
9.3 

8.0 
8.0 
8.3 
10.0 
19.5 

'23.'6' 
12.5 

'is.'o" 

15.5 
10.0 
10.5 
10.6 
12.0 

15.0 
12.8 
10.0 
24.5 
28.0 

24.5 

20.0 
31.0 
24.0 
27.5 

28.7 
27.6 
26. S 
17.0 


Bu. 
6,800 
1,408 

21, 862 
1,638 
8,113 

10,608 

3,055 

7,078 

972 

1,708 

35, 100 
39. 775 
41,888 
12,776 
1,749 

810 
10,530 
39, 5S6 

900 
58, 125 

86, 515 

9,860 

8,400 

374 

14 

13, 6.J0 
17, 500 

1,313 
12,288 

1,000 

4,220 
651 
928 

4,600 
368 

8,494 
32,400 
12, 305 

4,200 


Bu. 
5,360 
1,462 

22,320 
1,942 
8,985 

8,596 
3,378 
5,322 
727 
1,228 

9,760 
10,080 
9,819 
7,000 
1,696 


Cts. 
93 

96 
91 

88 
89 

96 
100 
106 
130 
120 

90 

88 
86 
89 
82 

76 
76 
84 
71 
71 

79 
96 
98 
115 
95 

94 
82 
90 
66 

72 

78 

97 

110 

73 

82 

63 
73 
75 
95 


CU. 
99 
98 
95 
96 
95 

101 
101 
111 
119 
122 

98 
93 

88 
96 
83 

■■'78' 
90 

'■■69^ 

74 
99 
100 
113 
97 

93 
75 
94 
64 
80 

73 
90 

110 
75 

100 

66 
68 
72 
93 


Dolls. 
6, 324 
1,352 
19, 894 
1,441 
7,221 

10, 184 
3,055 
7,503 
1,2G4 
2,050 

31,590 
35,002 
36, 024 
11,371 
1, 434 

616 

8,003 

33, 252 

6.39 
41, 269 

68,347 

9,466 

8,232 

430 

13 

12,831 

14,350 

1,182 

8,110 

720 

3,292 

631 

1,021 

3, 358 

302 

5,351 
23,652 
9,229 
3,990 


Dolls. 

5,306 

1,433 

21,204 

1,864 


Maryland 


8,536 




8. 6,'<2 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


3,412 

5,907 

865 

1,498 


Ohio 


9,565 


Indiana 


9,374 




8,641 


Michigan 


6,720 




1,408 






Iowa 


6,900 
23,750 


5,382 




21,375 


South Dakota 






50,850 

91,450 

6,860 

7,077 

318 

90 

11,025 
20,096 

940 
11, 038 

896 

4,728 
660 
651 

3,840 
412 

9,614 
27,269 
16,884 

6,290 


35,086 




67, 673 


Kentucky 


6,791 




7,077 


Alabama 


359 


Mississippi 

Texas 


93 

10, 253 


Oklalioma 


15,072 

884 




7,448 




717 




3,451 


New Mexico 


594 
716 


Ulali....t 

Nevada 


2,880 
412 




6, 345 


Washington 


18, 543 
12, 156 


California 


5,850 






United States 


31, 699 


26, 571 


16.5 


15.1 


523,561 


399,919 


82.9 


80.9 


433,995 


323,572 



Table 14. — Spring wheat: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 19 IS and 1912. 



States. 


Acreage (000 
omitted). 


Yield per 
acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


Price per 

bushel 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 


Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 




1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


Maine 


Acres. 

3 

1 

103 

4,150 

315 

7,510 
3, G75 

350 
55 

390 


Acres. 

3 

1 

101 

4,325 

350 

7,990 

3,075 
298 
56 
328 


Bu. 

25.5 
24.5 
18.0 
16.2 
17.0 

10.5 
9.0 
12.0 

8.5 
, 21.5 


Bu. 
23.6 
25.0 
18.5 
15.5 
17.0 

18.0 
14.2 
14.1 
15.0 
23.5 


Bu. 

76 

24 

1,916 

67,230 

5,865 

78,855 
33, 075 

4,200 
4G8 

8,385 


Bu. 

70 

25 

1,868 

67, 038 

5,950 

143, 820 

52, 185 

4,202 

840 

7,708 


Cts. 
101 
100 
82 
76 
70 

73 
71 
71 
79 
66 


Cts. 

103 
98 
83 
73 
78 

69 
69 
69 

74 
64 


Dolls. 

77 

24 

1,571 

51,095 

4,457 

57,564 
23, 483 

2,982 
370 

5,534 


Dolls. 
72 




24 


Wisconsin 


1,550 




48, 938 


Iowa 


4,641 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


99,236 

36,008 

2, ,899 


Kansas 


f.22 


Montana 


4,933 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



27 



Table 14. — Spring wheat: 



Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 
i9i^— Continued. 



States. 


Acreage (000 
omitted). 


Yield per 
acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


Price per 

bushel 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 


Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 




1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


AVyoming 


Acres. 
60 

2eo 

30 


Acres. 
44 

260 

2G 

2 

76 

24 
175 

1,297 
212 


Bu. 
25.0 
21.0 
19.0 

"28.'6' 

31.0 
28.0 
19.0 
19.5 


Bu. 
29.2 
24.0 
22.0 
28.0 
29.2 

30.2 
28.3 
20.4 
19.5 


Bu. 
1,250 
5,4(i0 
570 


Bu. 
1,285 
6,240 
572 
56 
2,219 

725 

4,952 

26, 459 

4,134 


Cts. 

72 
78 
97 

""73" 

82 
63 
73 
75 


Cts. 
80 
73 
90 

110 
75 

100 
C6 
68 
72 


Dolls. 
900 
4,259 
553 


Dolls. 
1 O'S 


Colorado 


4,555 


New Mexico 

Arizona 


515 
62 


Utah 


65 

23 

200 

1,100 

175 


1,830 

713 

5, (MO 

20,900 

3,412 


1,329 

585 
3,52S 
15,257 
2,559 


1,664 


Nevada 


7''5 


Idaho 


3,2(8 


Washin^on 

Oregon 


17,992 
2,978 






United States. 


18, 485 


19,243 


13.0 


17.2 


239,819 


330,348 


73.4 


70.1 


170, 127 


231,708 



Table 15. — Wheat: Estiynates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912. 



states. 



Maine 

Vermont 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware ■. 

Maryland 

Virginia. . . : 

West A'ii-giaia 

North Carolina. . . 

South Carolina... 

Georgia 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Texas 

Oklahoma , 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States. 



Acreage (000 
omitted). 



1913 



Acres. 

3 

1 

340 

80 

1,286 

113 
610 
780 
235 
605 

79 

140 

1,950 

2,150 

2,240 

835 
190 

4,200 
795 

2,315 

7,510 
3,775 
3.475 
6,710 
725 

700 
32 

1 

780 

1,750 

101 
870 
90 
4G0 

C5 
29 
265 
39 

510 

2,300 

750 

300 



50,184 



1912 



Acres. 

3 

1 

335 

79 

1,240 

111 
599 
741 
233 
598 



132 
1,220 
1,260 
1,183 

700 
188 

4,325 
650 

1,900 

7,990 
3,675 
3,123 
5,956 
6S6 

674 

30 

8 

735 

1,570 

94 
803 

76 
453 

59 

23 

236 

39 

510 
2, 285 

842 
370 



45, 814 



Yield j)er 
acre. 



1913 1912 



Bu. 
25.5 
24.5 
20.0 
17.6 
17.0 

14.5 
13.3 
13.6 
13.0 
11.7 

12.3 
12.2 
18.0 
18.5 
18.7 

15.3 
19.3 
16.2 
20.6 
17.1 

10.5 
9.0 
17.9 
13.0 
13.6 

12.0 
11.7 
14.0 
17.5 
10.0 

13.0 
23.8 
25.0 
21.0 

18.8 
32.0 
24.2 
27.7 

27.6 
2:5.2 
21.0 
14.0 



Bu. 
23.5 
25.0 
16.0 
18.5 
18.0 

17.5 
15.0 
11.6 
14.5 



9.2 
9.3 
8.0 
8.0 
8.3 

10.0 
19.0 
15.5 
19.8 
12.5 

18.0 
14.2 
17.6 
15.5 
10.0 

10.5 
10.6 
12.0 
15.0 
12.8 

10.0 
24.1 

28.7 
24.2 

20.9 
30.7 
2.5.7 
29.2 

28. 6 
23.5 
25.0 
17.0 



Total production 
(000 omitted). 



1913 



Bu. 
76 
24 

6,800 

1,408 

21,862 

1,638 
8,113 
•10,608 
3,055 
7,078 

972 

1,708 

35,100 

39, 775 

41,888 

12,776 
3,665 
68,040 
16, .395 
39,586 

78,855 
33,975 
62,325 
86,983 
9,860 

8,400 

374 

14 

13,650 

17,500 

1,313 
20,673 
2,250 
9,680 

1,221 

928 

6,420 

1,081 

14,094 

53,300 

15,717 

4,200 



763,380 



1912 



Bu. 

70 

25 

5,300 

1,462 

22,320 

1,942 
8,9.S5 
8,596 
3,378 
5,322 

727 

1,228 

9,760 

10,080 

9,819 

7,000 
3,564 
67,038 
12,850 
23,750 

143,820 
52,185 
55,052 
92,290 
6,860 

7,077 

318 

96 

11,025 

20,096 

940 

19,346 

2,181 

10,908 

1,232 

707 

6,059 

1,137 

14,506 
53, 728 
21,018 
6,290 



730, 267 



Price per 

bushel 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 



1913 1912 



Cts. 
101 
100 
93 
96 
91 



96 
100 
106 

130 

120 

90 

88 
86 

89 
82 
76 
76 

84 

73 

71 
71 
79 
96 



115 
95 
94 

82 

90 
66 
72 
78 

97 
110 

73 
82 

63 

73 
75 
95 



Cts. 

103 
98 
99 
98 
95 



95 
101 
101 
111 

119 

122 



96 
83 
73 
78 
90 

69 
69 
69 
74 
99 

100 

113 

97 

93 

75 



90 
110 

75 
]00 

G6 
OS 
72 
93 



76.0 



Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 



1913 



Dolls. 

77 

24 

6,324 

1,352 

19,894 

1,441 
7,221 
10,184 
3,055 
7,503 

1,264 

2,050 

31,590 

35,002 

36,024 

11,371 
3,005 
51,711 
12,460 
33,252 

57,564 
24, 122 
44,251 
68,717 
9,466 

8,232 

430 

13 

12,831 

14,350 

1,182 

13,644 

1,620 

7,551 

1,184 
1,021 

4,687 
887 

8,879 
38, 909 
11,788 

3,990 



610, 122 



1912 



Dolls. 

72 

24 

5,306 

1,433 

21,204 

1,864 
8, 536 
8,682 
3,412 
5,907 

865 
1,498 
9.565 
9,374 
8,641 

6,720 

2,958 

48,938 

10,023 

21,375 

99,236 
36,008 
37,985 
68,295 
6,791 

7,077 
359 
93 

10,253 
15,072 

884 

12,381 

1,745 

8,006 

1,109 

778 

4,544 

1,137 

9,613 
36, 535 
15,132 

5,850 



555, 280 



28 FAP.MEES' BULLETIN 570. 

Table 1G. — Oats: Estimalcs of acreage, produci'ion, and value, 1913 and 1912. 



Maine 

New Hampshire. . 

Vormont 

Massachusetts 

Khode Island* 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missoui'i 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyommg 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washmgton 

Oregon 

California 

United Staters. 



Acreage (000 
omitted). 



Acres. 
140 
12 
79 
S 
2 

11 

1.275 
70 

1,154 
4 

4.'5 
195 
115 
230 
300 

420 

.50 

1,800 

1,700 

4,375 

1,500 
2,275 
2,980 
4,880 
1,250 

2,250 
1,590 
2,250 
1,760 
160 

300 
325 
140 
45 
1,000 

1,030 
240 
500 
220 
305 

50 

7 

90 

11 

325 
300 
300 
210 



38, 399 



A ens. 

133 

12 

77 



11 
1,192 

67 

1,099 

4 

45 
175 
111 
204 
324 

304 

43 

2,120 

1,990 

4,220 

1,4S5 
2,272 
2,948 
4,928 
1,125 

2,300 
1,550 
2,275 
1,720 
150 

258 
2C0 
113 
34 
865 

936 
175 
476 
205 
290 



91 
10 

348 
284 
359 
200 



37,917 



Yield per 
acre. 



Bu. 
40 
35 
39 
35 
26 

28 
34 
29 
31 
30 

28 
22 
24 
20 
24 

22 
18 
30 
21 
24 

30 
36 
38 
34 
21 

26 
26 
26 
20 
20 

21 
20 
20 
22 
32 

18 
26 
44 
38 
35 

30 
43 
46 
43 

46 
48 
42 
32 



1912 



Bu. 
35 
39 
43 
34 
29 

31 
31 
28 
33 
30 

30 
22 
28 
19 
22 

21 
17 
44 
40 
43 

35 
37 
42 
44 
33 

41 
34 
24 
32 
27 

22 
20 
17 
21 

36 

25 
20 
48 
42 
43 

35 
45 
46 
40 



37.4 



Total production 
(000 omitted). 



1913 



Bu. 

5 600 

420 

3,081 

316 

52 

308 
42,712 
2,030 
35,774 

122 

1,260 
4,192 
2, 700 
4,485 
8,460 

9,240 

900 

54,360 

36,380 

104, 125 

45,000 
83,0.38 
112,044 
16S, 360 
26,500 

57,825 
42, 135 
59,625 
34,320 
3, 168 

6,300 

6, 062 

2,800 

990 

32, 500 

18,540 
6,360 

21,750 
8,360 

10, 675 

1,500 
301 

4,140 
473 

15,112 
14,250 
15,228 
6,636 



1,121,768 



Bu. 

4,602 

468 

3,311 

272 



338 

36, 714 

1,849 

30,377 

122 

1,350 
3. 885 
3,108 
3,794 
0, 966 

7,571 

740 

93, 280 

79, 799 

182, 726 

61,828 
84,746 
122,9.32 
217,818 
37, 125 

95,220 
52, 390 
.')5,510 
55,040 
4,035 

5.599 

5.200 

1,966 

707 

31,140 

23,494 
3,482 

22,848 
8,569 

12,412 

1.839 
268 

4,222 
400 

17,017 
13, 689 
13,714 
7,800 



Price per 

bushel 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 



1,418,337 



1913 


1912 


'Cts. 


CIS. 


56 


61 


66 


48 


52 


48 


54 


47 


50 


46 


55 


49 


47 


42 


47 


44 


46 


41 


51 


45 


48 


45 


52 


52 


51 


47 


61 


62 


71 


66 


68 


65 


70 


70 


40 


33 


38 


30 


38 


30 


39 


33 


37 


32 


32 


26 


34 


27 


45 


35 


30 


22 


34 


25 


38 


30 


45 


35 


52 


' 44 


53 


47 


69 


62 


63 


60 


57 


61 


61 


43 


45 


34 


53 


50 


32 


35 


40 


37 


44 


38 


60 


45 


50 


70 


40 


49 


66 


62 


32 


35 


40 


40 


38 


41 


60 


55 


39.2 


31.9 



Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (OOO 

omitted). 



1913 



Dolls. 

3,080 

235 

1,602 

170 

26 

109 
20,075 

954 

16, 456 

62 

605 
2,180 
1,408 
2,736 
6,007 

6,283 
630 
21,744 
13,824 
39,668 

17,550 
30, 724 
36,046 
57,242 
11,925 

17,348 
14,326 
22,658 
15,444 
1,647 

3,339 
4,597 
1, 764 
564 
16,675 

8,343 
3,371 
6,960 
3,344 
4,097 

900 

150 

1,656 

307 

4,836 
5,700 
5,787 
3,982 



439,696 



Dolls. 
2,347 
225 
1,589 

128 
26 

166 
15,420 

814 

14,915 

65 

608 

2,0':'0 

1 461 
2,352 
4,598 

4,921 

518 

30, 782 

23,940 

54,818 

17,103 
27,119 
31,902 
58,811 
12,994 

20,948 
13,098 
16,653 
19,204 
1, 776 

2,632 

3,224 

1.180 

361 

13,390 

7,988 
1,741 
7,997 
3,171 
4,717 



188 

2,009 

208 

5,956 
5,476 
6,623 
4,290 



452,469 



THE AGRICXJLTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29[ 

Table 17. — Potatoes: Estinuiics rf acrccjji , produdion. and value, 1913 and 1912. 



States. 



Mainp 

New Hampshire.. 

Vprmont 

Ma.ssa<lnisett.s 

Rhode Island 

Conneeticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

IJelaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

^Viseonsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentx;cky 

Tenne.ssee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washingion 

Oregon 

California 

United Stales 



Acreage (000 
omitted). 



Acres. 
128 
17 

25 



24 
360 

94 
265 

11 

43 
10.5 
48 
30 
10 

12 
12 
160 

75 

125 ; 

350 i 
295 - 
275 
1.50 ' 

85 

60 I 
60 ' 
118 , 
73 I 
50 ! 

38 
IS 

12 I 
25 I 
45 ! 

32 
25 

36 1 

12! 
SO 

9 I 
1 I 

20 I 

11 ! 

34* 

fo : 

50 ! 

68 i 



Acrr/i. 

117 

17 

26 

26 

5 

23 
360 

92 
265 

11 

37 
95 
47 
30 

10 

12 
11 

186 
87 

137 

350 
291 
245 
174 
95 

52 
62 
118 
70 
51 

38 
15 
10 
20 
52 

29 
25 
37 
11 
85 



3,668 



3,711 



Yield per 
acre. 



Bu. 

220 
122 
127 
105 
130 

92 
74 
95 

88 
87 

87 
94 
83 
80 
80 

81 
76 
64 
53 
46 



109 
110 

48 

38 

85 
78 
48 i 
40 
49 



70 
52 

60 
72 
140 
140 
115 

68 
75 
180 
160 

170 
123 
135 
119 



Total production 
(000 omitted). 



Bu. 

198 
140 
140 
130 
113 

107 
106 
108 
109 
100 

112 
87 
112 

85 
90 

78 

93 
112 
114 
101 

105 
120 
135 
109 
84 

128 i 
105 I 
80 i 
82 I 
101 I 



81 

89 
73 
63 

60 

70 
165 
140 

95 

100 
125 
185 
178 

185 
167 
155 i 
130 



Bu. 

28, 160 

2,074 

3,175 

2, 835 

650 

2,208 
26, 640 

8,930 

23. .320 

957 

3,741 
9,870 
3,984 
2.400 
800 

972 

912 

10,240 

3,975 

5,750 

33,600 

32, 155 

30,250 

7,200 

3,230 

5,100 
4,680 
5,664 
2,920 
2,450 

2,432 
1,512 
900 
1.750 
2,340 

1,920 
1,800 
5,040 
1,680 
9,200 

612 

75 

3,600 

1,760 

5,780 
7,380 
6,750 
8,092 



Bv. 

23, 166 

2, 380 

3,640 

3,380 

565 

2,461 i 
38, 160 

9,936 
28. 885 

1,100 

4,144 
8,265 
5.264 
2, 550 

900 

930 
1,023 

20, &32 
9,918 

13, 837 

36, 750 
34,920 
33,075 
18, 966 
7,980 

6,C56 
6, 510 
9,440 
5,740 
5,151 

3,3-14 
1,215 
890 
1,460 
3,275 

1,740 
1,750 
6, 105 
1,540 
8,075 

900 

125 

3,515 

2, 1.36 

6, 475 
11,356 
10, 075 
10. 140 



Pric? per 

bushel 
Dec. 1 to 
producers. 



113.4 331,525 ! 420,647 



Cts. 
53 
83 
72 
85 
90 



80 
90 
82 
130 

105 
117 
85 
84 
89 

S3 
54 
52 
82 
93 

56 
63 
78 
91 
102 

97 
105 
100 

96 
112 

105 
100 
67 
65 
65 

140 
135 

58 
68 

50 
60 
58 
70 



Ofs. 
55 
61 
55 
75 



78 
58 
66 
57 
70 

68 
65 
62 
76 
112 

87 
110 
53 
50 
60 

41 
34 
28 
46 
69 

28 
36 
51 
73 
67 

70 
90 
90 
83 
105 

93 
92 
40 
60 
41 

65 
125 
49 
60 

29 
36 
31 
65 



A'alue based on 

prices Dec. I to 

producers (000 

omitted). 



Dolh. 
14, 925 
1,721 
2, 286 
2,410 
585 

1,921 
21,312 

7,323 

18, 656 

718 

2,506 

7,896 
3,586 
1,968 
1,040 

1,021 
1,007 
8,704 
3,339 
5,118 

17.808 
17,364 
15, 730 
5,904 
3,004 

2,856 
2,948 
4,418 
2, 657 
2,499 

2,359 
1,588 
960 
1,680 
2,621 

2,016 
1,800 
3, 377 
1,092 
5,980 

857 

101 

2,088 

1,197 

2,890 
4,428 
3,915 
5,664 



Dolls. 

12, 741 

1,4.52 

2,002 

2,535 

435 

1,920 
22, 133 

6, 558 

16,464 

770 

2,404 
5,372 
3,264 
1,938 
1,008 

8U 
1,125 
11,041 
4, 9.59 
8,302 

15,068 
11,873 
9,261 
8,724 
5,506 

1,8C4 
2,344 
4,814 
4,190 
3,451 

2,341 
1,094 
801 
1,212 
3,440 

1,618 
1,610 
2,442 
924 
3,311 

585 

156 

1,722 

1,282 

1,878 
4,088 
3,123 
6,591 



227,903 i 212,550 



30 



FARMERS BULLETIjN" 570. 



Table 18. — Cotton: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912: 

[All 1913 figures are prelim inary. Figures of acreage in 1913 are estimates made in December, 1913, and 

subject to revision in May, 1914.) 



States. 


Acreage (000 
omitted). 


Yield per 
acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


I'rice per 

pound 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 


Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 




1913 


1812 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 




Acres. 

48 

1,626 

2,701 

5, 328 

218 

111 

872 

3,800 

2,963 

1,126 

12, 072 
3,019 
2,210 

17 


Acres. 

47 

1,545 

2,695 

5,335 

224 

103 

783 

3,730 

2,889 

929 

11,338 
2,665 
1,991 

9 


Lbs. 
250 
239 
235 
204 
150 

286 
206 
190 
193 
170 

156 
130 
195 
500 


Lbs. 
250 
267 
209 
159 
113 

260 

169 
172 
173 
193 

206 
183 

190 


Bales.^ 

25 

765 

1,330 

2,275 

68 

66 

375 

1,510 

1,195 

400 

3,930 

820 

900 

18 


BaUs.^ 

24 

865 

1,183 

1,776 

52 

.55 

276 

1,342 

1,046 

376 

4,880 

1,021 

792 


Cts. 
13.1 
12.6 
12.7 
12.8 
17.0 

11.5 

12.7 
12.7 


Cts. 
12.0 
12. 2 
12.4 
12.4 
15.7 

11.3 

12.4 
T> 1 


Dom. 
1,562 
45, 959 
80, 621 
139, 135 
5,564 

3,636 
22, 803 
91, 704 
72,04S 
22,389 

216, 574 

44,740 

49, 987 

1,119 


Dolls. 
1 397 


North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 


50, 373 

69, 963 

105,266 

3 980 


Florida 


Mis.souri 


3,014 
10 416 




Alabama 


77 r.8l 


Mississippi 

Louisiana ... . 


12.6 i 12.3 

11.7 1 115 


61,037 
20 678 


Texas 


11.5 
11.4 

n.6 

13.0 


11.5 
11.3 
12.3 


268, 883 
55,241 
46, 627 


Oklahoma 


Arkansas 

California 








United States. 


36,011 


34,283 


182 


191 


13,677 


2 13,703 


12.2 


11.9 


797,841 


2 781, 806 



1 Bales of 500 pounds gross weight. 2 Includes "AH other." 

Table 19. — Tobacco: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912. 



States. 


Acreage. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Total produc- 
tion (000 
omitted). 


Price per 
pound Dec. 
1 to pro- 
ducers. 


Value based on 
prices Dec. 1 to 
producers (000 
omitted). 




1913 


1912 


l-tl3 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


New Hampshire . . 
Vermont 


.4crfs. 

100 

100 

6, 100 

18,400 

4,300 

38,900 
25,000 

200,000 
15,000 

250,000 

43, SOO 

1,800 

4,000 

81,900 

15,900 

800 

43,000 

5, 100 

370,000 

90,000 

300 

600 
200 
800 


A cres. 

100 

100 

5,800 

17,500 

4,000 

44,200 
26,000 

187,000 
15,800 

179,000 

35,000 
1,400 
3,100 
86,200 
18,700 

900 

42,200 

6,000 

441,000 

110,000 

300 
500 
200 
800 


Lbs. 
1,6.50 
1,.5.50 
1,550 
1,5,50 
1,020 

1,200 
740 
770 
680 
670 

760 

1,000 

1,000 

750 

750 

700 

1,180 
650 
760 
720 

700 
450 
600 
650 


Lbs. 
1,700 
1,700 
1,700 
1,700 
1,.300 

1,450 

sso 

600 
760 
620 

700 
830 
840 
920 
800 

760 

1,290 

1,000 

780 

060 

750 
300 
700 
650 


Lbs. 
16.5 
155 

9,455 
28,520^ 

4,386 

46,680 
18, ,500 

1.54,000 
10,200 

167,500 

33, 288 

1,800 

4,000 

61,425 

11,925 

500 

50.740 

3,315 

281,200 

64,800 

210 
270 
120 
520 


Lbs. 
170 
170 

9,860 
29,750 

5,200 

64,080 
17,160 

112,200 
12.008 

110,980 

24,500 
1,162 

2, eat 

79,304 
14,960 

684 

54,4.38 

6,000 

343,880 

72,600 

225 
150 
140 
520 


Cts. 
18.0 
18.0 
21.0 
21.0 
12.2 

7.5 
9.3 
13.9 
12.0 
18.5 

13.8 
31.0 
31.0 
11.4 
11.0 

11.5 

12.0 
12.7 
10.0 

8.4 

25.0 
25.0 
22.0 
16.4 


CIS. 
18.5 
18.5 
23.9 
24.1 
12.6 

8.5 
8.0 
12.0 
11.0 
16.0 

10.9 
30.0 
30.0 
9.1 
9.0 

9.0 
11.0 
12.0 
8.7 
7.1 

35.0 
30.0 
17.5 
18.0 


Dollars. 

30 

28 

1,986 

5,989 

5.35 

3.501 
];720 

21,406 
1,224 

30,988 

4,594 
558 
1,240 
7,002 
1,312 

64 

6,089 

421 

28, 120 

5,443 

52 
68 
26 

85 


Dollars. 
31 
31 


Massachusetts 

Connecticut 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 


2,3.57 

7,170 

655 

5,448 
1,373 


Virginia 


13,464 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina — 


l.,321 
17,757 

2,670 
349 


Florida 


781 


Ohio 


7,217 


Tndiaiiq . 


1,-346 


Illinois 


62 


Wisconsin 


5,988 


Missouri 


720 


Kentucky 


29,926 


TennpssiRR 


5,155 


Alabama 


79 


Louisiana 


45 


Texas 


24 


Arkansas 


94 






United States 


1,216,100 


1,225,800 


784. 3 


785. 5 


953,734 


962, 855 


12.8 


10.8 


122,481 


104,063 



THE AGBICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 33 

Table 20. — Rye: Estimates of acreage, production, mid value, 1913 and 1912. 



States. 



^>rmont 

Massachusetts 

Coimectieut 

Kcw "i'ork 

Me'iV Jersey , 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland , 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Geoi'gia 

Ohio. 

Indiana 

liircois 

Michigan 

Wisc^onsin 

Mhuicsota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky.. 

Te.inessee 

Alabama 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyommg 

Colorado 

Utah 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

Califo.Tiia 

United States . 



Ad-eage (000 
omitted). 



1 

3 

7 

133 

70 

280 
1 

27 
58 
17 

46 

3 

13 

97 

103 

49 
375 
425 
300 

60 

16 
125 

50 
120 

45 

22 

17 

1 

2 

5 

1 

10 

4 

20 

12 



2,557 



A cres. 

1 

3 

7 

128 

72 

282 

1 

27 

48 

17 

44 
3 
11 
57 
64 



370 

341 

262 

35 

15 
48 
16 
55 
30 

21 
17 
1 

2 
4 

1 
10 

3 
25 

6 



Yield per 

acre. 



2,117 



Bti. 
18.0 
IS. 5 
19.3 
17.2 
18.0 

17.5 
14.0 
14.4 
12.3 
13.5 

10.3 
10.5 
9.5 
16.5 
15.2 

16.5 
14.3 
17.5 
19.0 

18.2 

15.0 
14.4 
13.2 
14.5 
14.0 

12.4 
12.0 
U.O 
15.0 
9.5 

11.5 
21.0 
19. 
17.0 
17.0 

22.0 
21.0 
17.5 
15.0 



1912 



16.2 



Bu. 

20.0 
18.5 
17.5 
16.5 
17.5 

17.5 
14.0 
15.5 
12.5 
13.0 

9.3 
9.5 
9.2 
15.5 
14.5 

16.0 
13.3 
IS. 3 
23. 
19.0 

14.8 
IS.O 
19.5 
16.0 
15.9 

13.0 
11.5 
11.5 
16.6 
12.0 

10.5 

23. 5 
19.0 
19.-5 
15.0 

22.0 
20.0 
16.0 
17.6 



16.8 



Total produc- 
tion (COO 
omitted). 



1913 



Bu. 
IS 

56 
135 

2,288 
1,260 

4,900 

14 

389 

713 

230 

474 
32 

124 
1,600 
1, 506 

808 
5, 362 
7, 438 
5,700 
1,092 

240 
1,800 

660 
1,740 

273 

204 

11 

30 

48 

12 
210 

76 
340 
204 

G6 
168 
350 
120 



41,381 



1912 



Bu. 

20 

56 

122 

2,112 

1,260 

4,935 

14 

418 

600 

221 

409 

28 
101 

884 



768 
4,921 
6,240 
6,026 

665 

222 
864 
312 
880 
477 

273 
196 
12 
33 

48 

10 
235 

57 
488 
90 

66 
180 
352 
141 



35, 664 



Price per 
bushel Dec. 
1 to pro- 
ducers. 



1913 



as. 

90 



74 
79 
76 
81 

87 

98 
150 
135 
69 
62 

65 
62 
57 

48 
60 



.45 
50 
60 
75 

87 
99 
140 
101 
86 

95 
55 
64 
60 
60 

58 
60 



63.4 



Cts. 
90 

100 
92 
76 
79 

77 
81 
SO 
85 



105 
145 
140 

75 



98 
134 
110 

87 

105 
60 
65 
55 
68 

60 
65 
70 
90 



Value based os 
prices Dec. 1 U. 
producers (OOf 
omitted). 



1913 



Dollars. 

16 

55 

124 

1,716 

1,008 

3,626 

11 

296 

578 

200 

465 

48 

167 

1,104 

971 

525 
3,324 
4,240 
2,736 

655 

180 
810 
330 
1,044 
472 

233 
202 
15 
30 
41 

11 
116 

49 
204 
122 

38 
101 
262 

90 



26,220 



Dollars. 
If' 

ii: 

1,605 
995 

3,800 

11 

334 

510 



429 
41 
141 
663 
631 

538 
3,199 
3, 800 
3,013 

412 

178 
406 
162 
493 
321 

240 
192 
16 
36 
42 

10 
141 

37 

268 
61 



4C 
117 
246 
127 



23,636 



32 FARMERS* BULLETIN 570. 

Table 21. — Barley: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, WIS and 1912. 



states. 



Maine , 

New lianipshiie.. 

Vermont 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

Virginia 

Ohio 

Indiana 

lUinais 

. Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Nort'.i Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraslia 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States. 



Acreage (000 
omitted). 



A crcs. 

5 
1 
12 

77 



5 
11 
40 

8 
54 

85 

725 

1,450 

400 

5 

1,275 

958 

110 

240 

3 

2 

7 

7 

60 

13 

100 
4 
38 
30 
12 

180 

180 

120 

1,275 



7,499 



Acres. 

4 

1 

13 

82 



845 

1,490 

470 

C 

1,176 

887 

113 

176 

3 

2 
6 
8 
39 
11 

76 
2 
36 
25 
12 

159 

183 

119 

1,392 



7,530 



Yield per 
acre. 



Bu. 

28 
28 
32 
27 
26 

29 
26 
24 
25 
26 

25 
25 
24 
25 
22 

20 
18 
16 
8 
27 

25 
24 
9 
31 
30 

32 
24 
39 

38 
41 

42 

40 

35 

. 26 



Bu. 
26 
28 
35 
26 
28 

27 
25 
31 
30 
32 

26 
29 
28 
31 
25 

30 
26 
22 
24 
26 

26 
29 
20 
36 
34 

39 

35 
40 

45 
41 

44 
43 
36 
30 



Total production 
(000 omitted). 



Bu. 

140 

28 

384 

2,056 

182 

145 
286 
900 
200 
1,404 

2,108 

18,125 

34, 800 

10,000 

110 

25,500 

16,765 

1,760 

1,944 

80 

50 
168 

63 

1,860 

396 

3,250 

96 

1,482 

1,155 

492 

7,560 

7,290 

4,200 

33, 150 



178,189 



Bu. 

105 

28 

455 

2,132 

192 

108 
250 
020 
266 
1,796 

2,262 

24, 843 

42,018 

14,570 

149 

35,162 

23,062 

2,486 

4,136 

78 

52 

170 

KU) 

1,424 

374 

2, 964 

70 

1,440 

1,125 

492 

6,916 

7,869 

4,284 

41,700 



223, 824 



l^ricc per 

bushel 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 



Os. 
SO 
80 
80 
69 
71 

64 
70 
58 
50 
57 

60 
60 
48 
55 
60 

40 
46 
49 
55 



53.7 



CIS. 

77 
84 
SO 
68 
68 

68 
75 
55 
60 
53 

65 
55 
41 
52 



50.5 



Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (GOO 

omitted). 



Dolls. 
112 
22 

307 

1,419 

129 

93 
200 
557 
100 
800 

1,265 

10, 875 

16, 704 

5,500 

66 

10, 200 

7,712 

862 

1,069 

62 

35 
136 
50 

893 
242 

1,820 
69 

1,082 
635 
443 

3,629 

3,791 

2, 310 

22,542 



95,731 



DolU. 

81 

24 

364 

1,450 

131 

73 
188 
341 
160 

952 

1,470 
13, 664 
17, 227 

7,576 



12, 307 
9.686 
1,044 
1, 654 

58 

42 
137 

80 
755 
232 

1,482 
50 

1,253 
664 
428 

3,527 

4,171 

2,356 

29,232 



112,957 



Table 22. — Rice: Estimates of acrcarje, production, andvahic, 1913 and 1912. 



States. 


Acreage (000 
omitted). 


Yield per 
acre. 


Total produc- 
tion (000 
omitted). 


Price per 

bushel 
Dec. 1 to 
producers. 


\'alue based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 




1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


NortlrCarolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 


Acres. 
300 
4.900 
500 
400 
200 

1,.500 
405, 500 
3&3, 000 
104, 700 

6, 100 


Acres. 
400 
8,000 
900 
600 
300 

2,200 

352. 600 

265, 600 

90,800 

1,400 


Bu. 
24 
30 
32 
25 
22 

28 
29 
32 
36 
48 


Bu. 
25 
25 
30 
25 
30 

35 
34 
36 
38 
50 


Bu.^ 

147 
16 
10 
4 

42 

11,760 

9,696 

3,769 

293 


Bu. 

10 

200 

27 

15 

9 

77 

11.812 

9,429 

3,405 

70 


Cts. 
80 
90 

as 

60 
60 

70 
84 
86 
90 
100 


Cts. 
90 
93 
90 
90 
90 

90 
93 
94 
94 
01 


DolU. 
6 
132 
13 
6 
2 

29 

9,878 

8,339 

3,392 

293 


Dolls. 

9 

186 
24 


Florida 


14 


Alabama 


8 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 


69 
10,985 
8 863 


Arkansas 


3,201 
64 








United States . 


827, 100 


722,800 


31.1 


34.7 


25,744 


25,054 


85.8 


93.5 


22,090 


23,423 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 33 

Table 23. — Sweet potatoes: Esiimutes f>/ acreage, produclion, and value, 1913 and 1912. 



States. 


Acreage (000 
omitted). 


1 

Yield per 
a.cre. 

t 


Total product ion 
(000 omitted,!. 


Price per 

bushel 
Dec. 1 to 
producers. 


Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 




1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 


Acres. 

2.H 
1 
5 
8 

33 

2 
80 
50 
83 
21 

1 
1 
8 
2 

6 

5 
9 

20 
70 
55 

60 

50 

6 

20 


Acres. 

23 
1 
5 
8 

33 

• 2 
75 
48 
81 
21 

1 
1 
8 
2 
6 

5 
9 
20 
62 
52 

56 
36 

4 
18 

6 


Bu. 

138 
110 
135 
141 

■ 108 

91 
100 
92 
87 
110 

90 
78 
70 
80 
56 

50 
75 
80 
95 
98 

85 
80 
64 
90 
170 


Bu. 

120 
120 
120 
125 
90 

115 
90 

105 
90 

112 

lis 

116 
98 
90 

88 

99 
90 
90 
100 
97 

S4 
75 
92 
88 
156 


Bu. 

3,174 

110 

675 

1.128 

3,564 

182 
8,000 
4,600 
7,221 
2,310 

90 
78 
560 
160 
336 

250 

675 

l,(i00 

6.650 

6,390 

6.100 

4,000 

384 

1 1,800 

1,020 


Bu. 

2,760 

120 

600 

1.000 

2,970 

230 
6,750 
5,040 
7,290 
2, 352 

US 
116 
784 
ISO 
528 

495' 

810 i 

1,800 ' 

6.200 , 

5,044 

4.704 
2,700 

368 
1,584 

936 


Cts. 
78 
90 
60 
60 
70 

100 
61 
75 
68 
75 

106 
103 
106 
1.50 
105 

110 
94 
80 
67 
62 

70 
95 

104 
80 

100 


Cts. 
84 
75 
68 

63 
75 

90 
62 
68 
66 
73 

87 
89 
95 
108 
95 

103 
85 
72 
71 
62 

65 
104 
109 
90 
94 


Dolls. 

2,476 

99 

405 

677 

2,495 

182 
4,880 
3, 450 
4,910 
1,732 

95 
80 
594 
240 
353 

275 

634 

1,280 

4,456 

3,342 

3,570 
3,800 
399 
1,440 
1,020 


Dolls. 
2,318 
90 

408 




630 


Virginia 


2,228 


"West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 


207 
4,185 
3,427 
4,811 




1,717 
103 


Ohio 


Indiana 


103 


Illinois 


745 


Iowa 


194 


Missouri 


502 


Kansas 


610 




688 


Tennessee 


1,296 


Alabama 

Mississippi 


4,402 
3,127 

3,058 

2,808 

401 

1,426 


Texas 

Oklahoma 

A rkansas 


California 


880 






I'nited States. 


625 


5.S3 


92.5 


95.2 


5>t,057 


55, 479 


1 72.6 


72.6 


42, S84 


40,264 



Table 24. — Flaxseed: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912. 



States. 


1 

Acreage (000 omit- 
ted). 


i 

Yield jior | 

acre. | 

1 


Total produc- 
tion (000 omit- 
ted). 

1 


Price per 

bushel 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 


Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 




1913 1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 j 1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


Wisconsin 

Minnesota... 


Acres. \ Acres. 

9 ; 10 

350 1 404 

28 : 35 

10 12 

1,000 i 1,246 

425 ; 619 

9 1 2 

50 1 50 

1 1 


Bu. 

14.0 
9.0 
9.4 
5.0 
7.2 

7.2 
6.0 
6.0 


Bu. 

12.5 ! 
10.2 1 
11.5 

6.0 1 

9.7 

8.6 
9.5 
6.0 , 
9.0 


Bu. \ Bu. 

126 1 125 

3,150 4 121 


Dolls. 
1.23 
1.23 
1.23 
1.15 
1.21 

1.20 
1.10 
1.16 


Dolls. 
1.27 
1.20 
1.24 
1.10 
1.14 

1.13 
1.28 
1.30 
1.38 


Dolls. 

155 

3,874 

323 

58 

8,712 

3,672 

59 

348 


Dolls. 
159 

4,945 


Iowa 


263 
50 


402 

72 


498 
79 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Oklahoma 


7,200 

3,060 
54 
300 

'3,' 600 
50 


12,086 

5,323 

19 

300 

9 

5,520 

96 


13,778 

6,015 

24 

390 

12 


Montana 

Colorado 


400 460 
10 12 


9.0 12.0 
5.0 8.0 


i.io 1.12 
11.15 1.25 


4,140 

58 


6,182 
120 








United States 


2,291 1 2,851 


7.8 9.8 

1 


17,863 


28,073 


' 1.20 ; 1.15 

1 i 


21,399 


32,202 



34 FAKMEKS' BULLETIN 570. 

Table 25. — Buckwheat: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1913 and 1912. 



States. 


Acreage (000 
omitted). 


Yield per 
acre. 


Totalproduction 
(000 omitted). 


Price per 

bushel 

Dec. 1 to 

producers. 


Value based on 

prices Dec. 1 to 

producers (000 

omitted). 




1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 


1913 


1912 




Acres. 
13 

1 
8 
2 
3 

280 
10 

280 
3 
11 

23 

38 
9 

18 
5 

4 
60 
18 
6 
6 

2 

1 
1 
3 


Acres. 
14 

1 
8 
2 
3 

277 
12 

306 
4 
12 

24 
37 
10 
21 

6 

4 

64 
17 

6 

7 

2 
1 

1 
3 


Bu. 
32.0 
31.0 
25.0 
17.0 
17.0 

14.3 
22.0 
18.5 
17.0 
16.5 

23.1 
21.0 
19.3 
18.0 
18.5 

17.0 
15.0 
16.5 
16.5 
14.0 

11.0 
20.0 
10.0 
15.0 


Bu. 

29.4 
31.0 
30.0 
21.0 
20.5 

23.8 
22.0 
24.2 
16.0 
17.5 

21.5 
24.0 
17.5 
19.5 
19.0 

22.0 
17.0 
17.0 
21.0 
19.0 

15.0 
18.0 
16.0 
18.0 


Bv.. 

416 
31 

200 
34 
51 

4,004 
220 

5.180 

' 51 

182 

531 
798 
174 
324 
92 

68 

900 

297 

99 

84 

22 
20 
10 

45 


Bu. 

412 
31 

240 
42 
62 

6,593 
264 

7,405 
64 
210 

516 
888 
175 
410 
95 

88 

1,088 

289 

126 

133 

30 
18 
16 
54 


Cts. 
56 
66 
80 
80 
95 

81 
76 
73 
69 
75 

80 
78 
78 
76 
75 

80 
70 
69 
64 
81 

85 
79 
80 
75 


CU. 

70 
72 
72 

85 
88 

04 
72 
64 
66 
71 

75 
75 

85 
70 
73 

80 
05 
66 
65 
75 

95 
90 

78 
78 


Dom. 
233 
20 
160 

27 
48 

3,243 
167 

3,781 
35 
136 

425 
622 
136 
246 
69 

54 
630 
205 

63 

68 

19 

16 

8 

34 


Dolls. 
288 


New Hampshire.. 


22 
173 


Massachusetts 

Comiecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delavvare 


36 
55 

4,220 
190 

4,739 
42 
149 




387 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

Ohio 


060 
149 
287 




69 




70 


Michigan 


707 




191 


Minnesota 


82 
100 




28 


Nebraska 


16 


Kansas 

Tennessee 


12 
42 






United States. 


805 


841 


17.2 


22.9 


13,833 


19,249 


75.5 


66.1 


10, 445 


12, 720 



Table 26.- — Winter wheat and rye: Estimates of acreage planted autumn, 1913, and 
condition Dec. 1, with comparisons. 





Winter wheat. 


Rye. 




Area sown. 


Cond 


tion Dec. 1. 


Area sown. 


Condition Dec. 1. 


States. 


Au- 
tumn 
1912, 

re- 
vised 

(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Autumn 1913. 


1913 


1912 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Au- 
tumn 
1912, 

re- 
vised 

(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Autumn 1913. 


1913 


1912 






Com- 
pared 
with 
1912. 


Total 
prelim- 
inary 
(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Com- 
pared 
with 
1912. 


Total 
prelim- 
inary 
(000 
omit- 
ted). 


10- 
ycar 
aver- 
age. 


Vermont 


Acres. 


P.ct. 


Acres. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


Acres. 

1 

4 

8 

140 

78 

292 
"l 
28 
68 
18 

54 
3 

14 
103 
110 


P.ct. 
101 
101 
102 
100 
101 

100 
99 
100 
100 
99 

102 
103 
100 
92 
95 


Acres. 

1 

4 

8 

140 

79 

292 

1 
28 
68 
18 

55 

3 

14 

95 

104 


P.ct. 
92 
98 
98 
97 
96 

97 
96 
95 
97 
94 

97 
97 
93 
97 
97 


P.ct. 
99 

97 
98 
96 
97 

97 
95 
93 
91 
89 

93 
96 
95 
93 
94 


P.ct. 
95 
















96 
















96 


New York 


347 
83 

1,326 
116 
621 
794 

243 

621 
82 

144 
2,017 
2,228 


105 
100 

101 

100 

ino 

100 
99 

101 
100 
100 
105 
113 


364 
83 

1,339 
116 

621 
794 
241 

627 
82 

144 
2,118 
2,518 


98 
95 

97 
95 
95 
95 
95 

95 
95 
92 
99 

38 


94 

98 

95 
94 
93 
92 
91 

92 
94 
94 
95 
93 


95 
93 

91 
90 
89 
87 
87 

89 
91 
92 
86 

87 


95 


New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


95 

92 
92 


Mary'anl 


90 


Virgiiiia 


88 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


89 

90 
93 
94 


Ohio 


89 


Indiana 


92 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



35 



Table 26. — Winter wheat and rye: Estimates of acreage planted mitumn, 1913, and 
condition Dec. 1, with comjjarisons — Continued. 





AV inter wheat. 


Rye. 




Area sown. 


Condition Dec. 1. 


Area sown. 


Condition Dec. 1. 


States. 


Au- 
tumn 
1912, 

re- 
vised 

(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Autumn 1913. 


1913 


1912 


10- 
year 

aver- 
age. 


Au- 
tumn 
1912, 

re- 
vised 

(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Autumn 1913. 


1913 


1912 






Com- 
pared 
with 
1912. 


Total 
prelim- 
inary 
(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Com- 
pared 
with 
1912. 


Total 
prelim- 
inarv 
(OiiO 
omit- 
ted). 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 




Acres. 

2,286 

874 

91 

.50 

406 

2,350 


P.et. 
115 
103 
98 
90 
105 

110 


Acres. 

2,029 

900 

89 

45 
4S9 

2,585 


P.ct. 
99 
95 
94 
92 
96 

98 


P.ct. 
94 
90 
S3 


P.ct. 

87 
89 
94 


Acres. 

53 
399 
447 
312 

62 

18 
132 

54 
124 

48 

31 

24 
2 


P.ct. 
99 
95 
100 
95 
99 

115 
108 
105 
95 
115 

100 
105 
105 


Acres. 

52 
379 
447 
296 

61 

21 
143 

57 
118 
55 

31 
25 
2 


P.ct. 
97 
96 
96 
93 
97 

99 
91 

87 
86 
99 

99 
97 
95 


P.ct. 
95 
91 
95 
92 
95 

94 
86 
89 
95 
95 

85 
88 
90 


P.ct. 
93 




91 


"\V isconsin . 


95 


Minnesota 


92 


Iowa 


93 
95 


93 

89 


96 




92 


North Dakota 


90 


South Dakota 


100 
3,189 
7,500 

763 

723 

33 

1 

876 

1,882 
103 
516 
42 
211 

41 

31 

219 

18 

326 

1,271 

005 

429 


80 
102 
111 

100 
100 
103 
100 
130 

135 
105 
98 
102 
100 

110 
105 
105 
105 

106 
99 
105 
100 


80 
3,253 
8,325 

763 

723 

34 

1 

1,139 

2,541 

108 

506 

43 

211 

45 

33 

230 

19 

346 

1,258 

635 

429 


80 
86 
100 

98 
96 
92 
91 
102 

103 
99 
91 
97 
91 

98 
96 
96 
99 

97 

93 

100 

100 






91 




96 
92 

85 
89 
88 
85 
83 

92 
91 
95 
95 
97 

88 
99 
96 
99 

96 
100 
97 
91 


94 
89 

87 
88 
92 
90 
86 

85 
86 
96 
96 
92 


93 


Kansas 


91 


Kentuckv 


87 


Tennessee 


90 




91 


Mississippi 




Texas 


2 

6 
1 

11 
4 

22 


102 

150 
105 

95 
108 

96 


2 

9 
1 

10 
4 

21 


101 

105 
100 
95 
98 
89 


81 

90 
94 
95 
98 
94 


87 




88 


Arkansas 

Montana 


86 
95 




97 


Colorado 


93 


New Mexico 




Arizona 
















Utah 


95 
97 

97 
94 
96 
91 


13 


no 


14 


97 


97 


98 


Nevada 




daho 


3 
9 
21 
11 


9S 
101 
100 

96 


3 
9 
21 
11 


96 
97 
100 
100 


98 
99 
99 
93 


97 


AVashington 

Oregon 


97 
07 


California 


94 






United States 


33, 618 


108.6 


36, 506 


97.2 


93.2 


89.2 


2,731 


98.9 


2,702 


95.3 


93.5 


92. 7 



o 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



575 



Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) 
February 7, 1914. 





THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



LIVE STOCK OF THE LNITED STATES. 

INTRODUCTION. 

The contents of this bulletin relate principally to estimates of the 
supply of live stock of specified classes on farms in the United States 
on January 1, 1914, the average farm price per head, and the esti- 
mated total value of each class. These estimates are based upon 
reports and estimates from 22 special field agents, 47 State statistical 
agents, 1,S67 county correspondents, 15,542 township correspond- 
ents, and 1,782 special live stock correspondents. The results of 
these estmiates have in every case been compared with the estunates 
by this bureau for the past three years, with the census of 1910, and 
with the totals shov/n by the records of tax assessors in the various 
States so far as ihoj are available for the past three years. Wliile 
the totals and averages set forth herein are purely estimates, it is 
believed that they are as nearh^ accurate as it is possible to make 
them without an actual enumeration, such as was made by the Bureau 
of the Census in 1910. The statistics of farm animals and animal 
products are admittedly most unsatisfactory. A mass of statistics are 
available as to receipts and shipments of live stock at some of tho 
great central markets of the West and Middle West, as to the number 
of animals exported and imported, and as to the average weights 
a.nd prices quoted at central markets; but aside from the census no 
accuj'ate statistics as to the number, sex, age, weight, annual increase 
or decrease, or cost of production, are available from year to 
year in the United States. Accurate statistics do not exist for the 
present year as to the number of local slaughtering houses in the 
United States, the number of meat animals slaughtered therem, 
cost of slaughtering, or tho quantity of meat and by-products pro- 

NoTE. — The next regular report of tlie Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Fore- 
casts) will relate to corn, Avheat, oats, and barley, and will be issued at 2.15 p. m._, 
March 7, 1914. 

27649°— 14 1 



2 FAKMEES BULLETIIST 575. 

duced; nor are statistics to bo had j^oarly of tl^e cost involved in hand- 
ling meat animals at the great central slaughtering and packing estab- 
ILsliments of the West and Middle West. The best information ob- 
tainable on the numbers and values of live stock, including meat 
animals, is that collected decennially by the Bureau of the Census 
and the annual estimates of the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural 
Forecasts) of the Department of Agriculture. 

An anal3^sis of the yearly estimates of numbers of live stock in 
former years by this bureau indicated that there was a tendency to 
underestimate the correct number, which became apparent when 
such estimates were checked against the actual enumerations made 
by the census. This year certain improvements and checks were 
used in making the estimates, which it is believed will correct this 
tendency to underestimate. 

The estimates for January 1, 1914, indicate that there are 
20,962,000 horses and 4,449,000 mules in the United States, an 
average annual increase of about 1.4 per cent over the number shown 
by the census of 1910. It is estimated tliat the average farm price of 
horses has increased from S108.03 in the census year to $109,32 in 
January, 1914, and in the case of mules from $120.20 to $123.85 in 
the same period. On this basis the total farm value of horses is 
$2,291,638,000 and of mules $551,017,000. The total estimated 
farm value of these animals is therefore $2,842,655,000, which is an 
increase of $194,082,000 over the census year and represents an 
annual increase of wealth from these sources of $48,520,000. 

The estimates indicate a slight increase in the number of milch 
cows since the census year, equivalent to an increase of about one- 
half of 1 per cent, the estimated number now being 20,737,000. 
On the other hand, the average farm price of milch cows has increased 
from $35.29 in the census year to $53.94 in January", 1914, or an 
increase of 50.7 per cent. On this basis the farm value of milch 
cows now in the United States is estimated at $1,118,487,000 as com- 
pared with their estimated value in the census year of $727,802,000, 
which is an increase of $390,685,000, or an average annual increase 
for four years of $97,671,000. 

With regard to meat animals, that is, "other cattle," sheep, and 
swine, the estimates indicate a steady and faiidy uniform decrease in 
the number of cattle and sheep, a slight increase in the number of 
swine, and a consideralJe inci'ease in the average farm price of cattle 
and swine since the census year of 1910. In the case of cattle the 
number has decreased from 41,178,000 in the census year to 
35,855,000 in January, 1914, v/liich is an average annual decrease of 
1,330,000, or about 3.3 per cent. In the case of sheep the number is 
estimated to have decreased from 52,448,000 in the census year to 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 

49,719,000 in January, 1914, which is an average annual decrease of 
682,000, or about 1.3 per cent. In the case of sv/ine, the Bureau of the 
Census reported 58,186,000 on April 15, 1910; on January 1, 1914, it is 
estimated that tliere were 58,935,000 in the United States, wiiich is an 
increase of approximately 747,000, or 1.3 percent, for thefoui years. 

As compared with the census year of 1910 it is estimated that the 
farm price of cattle other than milch cows has increased from $19.07 
to $31.13, or 63.2 per cent, which is an average aimual increase of 
over 15 per cent. The price of sheep has decreased from an estimated 
average farm value of $4.12 in 1910 to $4.04 in 1914; swine increased 
from $9.17 to $10.40 per head in the same period, or 13.4 per cent. 

The estimated total number of these three classes of meat animals 
on January 1, 1914, is 144,507,000 as compared with 151,812,000 in 
the census year of 1910, or a decrease of 7,305,000 ardmals; but 
because of the higher prices the present farm value of these animals is 
estimated at $1,930,087,000 as compared with §1,534,600,000 in the 
census year, or an increase in valuation of $395,487,000. 

NUMBEl? AND VALUE OF FARM ANIMALS COMPARED WITH POPULATION. 

The report of the last census shows a total population in 1910 of 
91,972,000, and estbnates an annual increase subsequent to 1910 that 
would make the populatitm in 1914 equal to 98,646,000. Tliis would 
indicate that the per capita number of farm animals has decreased 
sbice 1910. Relatively to the population there is an accumulated short- 
age in the four years of 3.5 per cent in the number of horses and 9.8 in 
the number of mides, or approximately 740,000 horses and 483,000 
mides. In the case of milch cows the accunndated shortage amounts 
to 965,000, or about 4.4 per cent; that is, in order to have the same 
number of milch coavs for every 100 inhabitants in January, 1914, as 
there were in the last census 3'^ear woidd require a total of 21,702,000, 
which is 965,000 more than the leturns from the various correspond- 
ents throughout the United States indicate. 

With regard to meat animals, our estmiates indicate an accu- 
mulated shortage since the census year of approximately 19.2 per 
cent, or 8,536,000 head, of cattle; 11.6 per cent, or 6,509,000 head, of 
sheep; and 5.2 per cent, or 3,214,000 head, of swine. The indicated 
total shortage of meat animals since the census of 1910 is therefore 
approximately 18,259,000 head, or nearly nme beef cattle, seven sheep, 
and over three hogs for each 100 of the total estimated popidation m 
January, 1914. Notwithstanding this tremendous shortage in the 
number of meat anmials in the past four years, a shortage of over 
7,000,000 animals, the estimated farm value of the cattle, sheep, and 
swine, on fanns on January 1 was $395,487,000 greater than the 
estimated vahie of these animals in the census year of 1910. 



4 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 575. 

SOME CAUSES OF THE SHORTAGE OF MEAT ANIMALS AND INCREASE IN THEIR 

VALUE. 

The shortage of meat annuals is probably dne to a number of 
contributing causes, such as the encroachment of farms upon the 
range territory; absence of a proper range-leasing law permitting 
economical management and utilization of ranges; the shortage in 
the corn and forage crop due to the severe drought in Kansas, Ne- 
braska, and Oklahoma in 1913, which caused the farmers in those 
States to dispose of their meat animals; the increase in the value of 
land and the increased cost of labor and stock feed, resulting in 
greatly increasing the cost of production; the decline in stock raising 
on farms in the East and South because of poor marketing facilities 
resultmg from many local slaughtering establishments having been 
driven out of business by the competition of the great central slaugh- 
tering establishments of the West and Central West; the temptation 
to sell live stock at the prevailing high prices rather than to continue 
to carr}^ them with high-priced stock feed, possible loss from disease 
or accident, and uncertain prices the following year; increased 
tendency to operate farms under short-term leases, with no incentive 
to maintain soil fertility through stock raising; possession of leased 
farms changed at wrong season of year for handling stock economi- 
cally; enormous losses from cholera in swine; and the competition 
of higher prices for other farm products. These are some of the 
causes which are mentioned to account for the apparent shortage in 
meat animals; but the extent of their influence, singly or combined, 
is not definitely known. They will undoubtedly be considered by 
the committee which was recently appointed by the Secretary of 
Agriculture to investigate the economics of the present meat situation, 
of which Dr. B. T. Galloway, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, is 
chairman, and Dr. H. J. Waters, president Kansas Agricultural Col- 
lege; Prof. C. F. Curtiss, director Iowa Agricultural College; H. W. 
Mumford, professor animal husbandry", Urbana, 111.; Dr. A. D. 
Melvin, chief Bureau of Animal Industry; and Dr. T. N. Carver, 
director Rural Organization Service, are members. 

The large increase in the value of meat animals on farms is prob- 
ably accounted for by the increased cost of production and the in- 
creased consumption or demand arising from the fact that production 
has not kept pace with the increase in population, and in the case of 
cattle and sheep has actually declined. This unprecedented increase 
in the average value of meat animals does not necessarily mean that 
farmers or stock raisers are making mor-e, if any, profit. On the 
contrary, the cost of production has probably increased more rapidly 
than the increase in the selling price of live stock. It is well known 
that producers of farm products are the last to receive any benefit 
from higher prices paid by consumers, 3"et they are prompt to increase 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 

production if there is a prospect of realizing better retinns. The very 
fact that there is a present shortage of nearly 19,000,000 meat ani- 
mals in the United States since the census of 1910 indicates clearly 
that the business is not profitable to producers; otherwise every 
farmer and stock raiser in the country would have increased his 
herds of meat animals. 

It should also be borne in mind that the estimated average value 
of meat animals shown in this bullethi is their value on the farm, and 
not the vvholesale or retail value. The farm value, or average ]3rice 
received on farms, is much less than the wholesale prices, which in 
turn are considerably less than the retail prices to consumers. Just 
what the difference is between the price at the farm and the cost to 
the ultimate consumer is n.ot definitely known, partly because the 
animals sold from the farm lose their identity in the process of manu- 
facture into meat which is purchased by the consumer. The total 
cost to the consumer is made up of the cost of production of the live 
stock (farm price), the cost of marketing and transportation of the 
live animals, the cost of manufacture into various kinds of meats, 
and the cost of marketing and distributing the manufactured products 
to the consumer. This is an immense business in itself and the indi- 
cations are that the profits are correspondingly large to every one 
concerned, between the original producer and the ultimate consumer. 

Leon M. Estabrook, 
Chief, Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts). 

ESTIMATES OF FARM ANIMALS. 

CATTLE OTHER THAN MILCH COWS. 

NUMBER. 

The estimated munber of cattle on farms other than milch cows 
January 1, 1914 was 35,855,000. The number enumerated in the 
census of 1910 for April 15 was 41,178,000, from which number there 
was an unbroken decline year by year to 1914. The decline from the 
census number is 12.9 per cent, and from the number for 1913, 0.5 of 
1 per cent. 

VALUE. 

In estimated average farm value per head, cattle other than milch 
cows have made an enormous gain since 1910. The average for 
January 1, 1914, is S31.13, aU ages being included in this average. 
The average for January 1, 1910, as established by this bureau, was 
$19.07; for the same month 1912 it was $21.20; and for 1913, $26.36. 
The increase for 1914 is $4.77, or 18.1 per cent, over the average price 
for 1913, and $12.06, or 63.2 per cent, over the average price for the 
census jcar 1910. 



6 FARMEKS BULLETIN 575. 

In consequence of tlio oxtraordmary increase in the farm value per 
head of cattle other than miich cows, the total value of this class of 
anhnals has increased in a large degree from 1910 in spite of a dimin- 
ished number. Tne total value of this class of animals for 1910, 
established by muitipiymg the number of animals as determined by 
the census by the average value per head as determined by this 
bureau, was $785,261,000; the total value for January 1, 1912, as 
established entirely by this bureau, was $790,064,000; for 1913, the 
total estimated value was $949,645,000, a gain of 20.9 per cent over 
1910; and the value for January 1, 1914, is $1,116,333,000, again of 
42.2 per cent over 1910, of 41.3 per cent over 1912, and of 17.6 per 
cent over 1913. 

A tabular statement of the number of cattle on farms other than 
milch cov/s and their value per head and total value, mth details for 
the States, may be found in Table 12. 

CAUSES OF DIMINUTIOX OF NUMBER. 

The diminution of cattle other than milch cows on the farms of the 
United States in 1914 as compared with 1913 was caused mairdy by 
the high prices of feed, the drought of the summer of 1913 extending 
from New Eiigland westward to the Rocky Mountains, and by the 
high pric(^s at which the cattle of this class, bad as well as good, could 
bo sold. West of the Missouri River so deficient were the corn crop 
and summer forage that a large portion of the cattle were hurriedl}'- 
and permaturely sold at prices much lower than farmers paid for 
cattle in th(i folio wmg autumn when they began to restock their 
pastures. The price of corn rose so high in the autumn of 1913 as to 
make the profitable feeding of cattle for beef unpromising. In some 
parts of the drought area, bankers who had advanced money to 
fai-mers for feeding beef cattle were afraid that feeding would be 
unprofitable and forced farmers to sell prematurely. In March, 1913, 
a blizzard killed m.any thousands of cattle in Nebraska. In the Gidf 
States from Florida to Louisiana, in the autumn of 1913, buyers 
from Texas and parts of the region to the north bought all of the 
cows that they could obtam, even scrubs, for stocking and restocking 
pastures on farms and ranges, for breeding purposes. In a part of 
Mississippi the poor cotton crop compelled farmers to sell cows to pay 
debts. 

For several years the number of cattle other than milch cows had 
decreased in Texas, mitil the droughts of recent years stopped the 
sale of cattle ranges in the western portion of the State for use as 
farms, which had been the main cause of the former reduction in 
number of cattle. The mcrease of cattle in 1914 was caused by 
importations from Mexico since the new tariff act went into effect 
October 4, 1913, permitting the entry of cattle duty free. Wlnle it 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 7 

is true that a large fi-action of the cattle impoi'ted from ]SIexico goes 
directly to the slaughterhouses, it is also true that considerahle num- 
bers of them, have been sent to pastures in the western portion of 
Texas, where the grazing, because of abundant rams, has for several 
months been as fine as was ever known. In other parts of the State 
some of thase cattle are pastured on winter wheat and oats. 

In California the day of stock cattle is rapidly passing. The 
ranges are becoming smaller, and the number of range cattle becomes 
less every year. 

The cattle on farms, other than milch cows, are now al)()ut tlu'ee 
times their number in 1850. Tlie census of that year reported 
11,394,000. The number increased to 17,034,000 in 1860, but the 
losses of the ( ivil War had not been replaced by 1870, in which year 
the census disclosed a dechne to 14,885,000. Then followed the 
great extension of settlement on new pubhc and raihoad lands west 
of the MLssissi])pi River, north and south, and this caused an enormous 
expansion of the raising of cattle for beef. By 1890 the number of 
these cattle Had increased to 34,852,000, and the culmination of the 
hicrease was reached at about the time when the <'ensus of li)00 was 
taken, when the number of these cattle was 50,584,000. 

Then follov/ed the exhaustion of the supply of public and railroad 
lands for gi'azing purposes, the encroachment of settlers upon the 
ranges, the '^ no-fence law," the practice of diy farming, and the 
upward movement of the general price level in which farm animals, 
produ<'ts, and land moved upward in price in greater degree than 
most other products and property did. The upward movement of 
pri('(^s, especially of corn and land, greatly increased the cost of 
making beef; and, although farmers rece.iv?d high prices for beef 
cattle, these piices often brought little or no profit. 

F'armers have never regarded themselves as having a mission to 
supply the pubhc with beef at a low price. They have naturally 
treated this industry pm-ely from an economic viewpomt and when- 
ever they, have found that they could make more profit or prevent 
loss b}' premature selling of cattle, or by seiUng some of their pro- 
durtion stock, or by selling calves, they have done so. The raising 
of beef cattle on old-time ranges, on cheap pastures, and on low- 
priced com has ceased, p*nd well-mformed men percsive that the 
raising of beef cattle must be estabhshed largely on new foundations. 

From the highest point reached m number of cattle on farms other 
than milch cows about 1900, when the number was over 50,000,000, 
the number declined to 41,178,000 m 1910, and to 35,855,000 in 1914. 

COMPARISON WITH POPULATION. 

It \n\\ help to understand the import of these numbers if they are 
compared with the pt)pulation of the years mentioned. The animals 



FAEMEES' BULLETIN 515. 



imdci' consideraiioii are cattlf^ on farms other than milch cows. 
There was 0.49 of 1 animal per capita of tlie population in 1850, and 
0.54 of 1 animal in 1S60. This average was not surpassed until 1S90, 
when the per capita ratio was 0.55 of 1 animal. The highest point 
reached, as far as is knovv'n, is 0.67 of 1 animal per capita of tlie 
po]>ulation in 1900, from which time the ratio declined rapidly and 
strikingly to 0.45 of 1 animal per capita in 1910, and 0.86 of 1 anim.al 
in 1914, or hut little more than half as much as the I'atio of 1900. 
The figures may ho found in Tahle 1. 

Table 1. — Numher and per capita number of horses, mules, cattle, sheep, and sivine 
on farms, according to the census June 1, lf^40 to 1900, and April 15, 1910, and Depart- 
ment of Aejriculture estimates, January], 1914- 

Nl'MBER OF ANIM.\LS. 



Year. 



Horse."!. 



1840.... 
1850.... 
18(50.... 
1870.... 
1880.... 

1890.... 
1900.... 
1910.... 
1914.... 



14,335,609 
4,330,719 
0,249,174 
7,145,370 

10,357,488 

14,969,407 
18,267,020 
19,8.S3,113 
20,962,000 



Mules. 



559,331 
1,151.148 
1,125,415 
1,812,808 

2,295,5.32 
3.264, (il5 
4,209,769 
4,449,000 



Cattle. 



Total 
cattle. 



14,971,586 
17,778,907 
25,620,019 
23,820,608 
35,925,511 

51,303,572 
67,719,410 
61,803,866 



Milch 
(dairy) 
cows. 



(3) 
6,. 385. 094 
8, 585, 7.35 
8,935,332 
12, 443, 120 

16, .511. 950 
17,135,633 
20.625,432 



56,592,000 ! 20,737,000 



other 

cattle. 



(=) 
11.393.813 
17,034,284 
14,885,276 
23,482,391 

34,851,622 
.50, .583, 777 
41,178.4.34 
35, 855, 000 



Sheep (not 
including 
spring 
lambs 
1840 to 
1890). 



19, .31 1.374 
21,723,220 
22,471,275 
28,477,951 
35,192,074 

35.935,364 
61.-503,713 
52,447,861 
49,719,000 



Swijie, 



26,301,293 
30,354,213 
33,512,807 
25,134,569 
47,681,700 

57,409,583 
62,868,041 
58,lS5,67(i 
58,933,000 



PER C.\PIT.\ NUMBER OF .\NIM.\LS. 



1840 

18.50 

1860 . 


10.25 
.19 
.20 
.19 
.21 

.24 
.24 
22 

lii 


(=) 

0.02 
.04 
.03 
.04 

.04 
.04 
.05 
.0.3 


0.88 
.77 
.81 
.62 

..82 
.89 
.67 


0.28 
. 27 
!23 
.25 

.26 

.23 

!21 


0.49 
..54 
.39 
.47 

. 55 
.67 
.45 

. .36 


1.13 
.94 
.7! 
.74 
.70 

.'si 
.57 
..50 


1.54 
1.31 
1.07 


1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

1910 


:95 

.91 

.m 

. 63 


1914 


. 60 



1 Including mules. 



2 Included v.Ith "Horses." s Xot giA-en separately, 

GEOfiRAPHIC REDISTRIBUTIOX. 



The westward movement of the industry of raising beef cattle gave 
predominance to the South Central States west of the Mississippi 
River as the leading geographic division in this industry as early as 
1.S60, and this relative position was not lost until 1880, wdien it 
passed to the North Central States west of the Mississippi River, 
which, as a group, still hold the leading place in this industry among 
the nine geographic divisions into which the United States is now 
commonly divided by the Bureau of the Census and hy the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. 

From 1850 to 1910 the fraction of the Nation's cattle on farms other 
than milch cows possessed by New England continuously declined 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 9 

from 7.6 to 1.2 per cent, but- slight evidence of recovery appears 
in 1914, when New England's fraction appears to be 1.4 per cent. 

In the Middle Atlantic States the relative position of cattle on 
farms other than milch cows, in comparison with other geographic 
divisions, is Jiearl}^ the same as in New England, except that the 
Middle Atlantic States have alwavs had a larger number of animals 
than New England. In 1850 the Middle Atlantic States had 14.6 per 
cent of the Nation's cattle on farms other than milch cows, and the 
fraction declined to 4.0 per cent in 1910. followed by a perceptible 
increase to 4.4 per cent in 1914. 

The fractions are of similar import for the South Atlantic States, 
which had 25.7 per cent of these cattle in 1850, followed by a decUne 
to 6.0 per cent in 1900, after which tliere was a gain to 8.1 per cent 
in 1914. This group of States had more of these cattle than any other 
in 1850. 

In the North Central States east of the Mississippi River these cattle 
were 18.9 per cent of the national total in 1850, and the fraction 
increased to 21.3 per cent in 1870, after which the decline was steady 
to 12.1 per cent in 1910. A perceptible tendency toward recovery is 
indicated for 1914, for which 3'ear the percentage is 12.8. 

The South Central States east of the Mississippi River had a larger 
percentage of the Nation's total cattle on farms and ranges other than 
milch cows in 1850 than they have since possessed. Their percentage 
for 1850 was 17.8, from which there was a steady decline to 4.8 per 
cent in 1900, followed by a rise to 5.6 per cent for both 1910 and 1914. 

The year 1850 practicalh- antedated the settlement of the Mountain 
States by white people, and at that time the farm and range cattle 
other than, milch cows were only 0.3 of 1 per cent of the national total. 
After 1870 the fraction increased rapidly to 1 1.0 per cent in 1900 and 
continued to increase in 1910 and 1914, being for tlie latter year 14.1 
per cent. 

The Pacific States have remained in nearly a stationary position 
relatively during the last 50 years. Their fraction of the national 
total of these cattle in 1850 was 2.5 per cent. It rose cpiickly to 6.4 
per cent in 1860, from which figure it fell to 3.8 per cent in 1870. 
Subsequenth^ the increase has been slow and has reached the fraction 
of 5.8 per cent in 1914, somewhat less than that of 1860. 

At the present time the North Central States west of the Missis- 
sippi River possess 27.7 per cent of the farm and range cattle other 
than milch cow^s and the South Central States west of the Mississippi 
River 20.1 per cent. The States next in order are the Mountain 
States with 14.1 per cent, sUghtly below which is the fraction of 12.8 
per cent for the North Central States east of the Mississippi River, 
8.1 per cent for the South Atlantic States, 5.8 per cent for the Pacific 
27(;49°— 14 2 



10 



FARMERS BULLETIN 575. 



States, .5.6 per cent for the South Central States east of the Mississippi 
River, 4.4 per cent for the Middle Athmtic States, and 1.4 per cent 
for New England. 

The Atlantic States, altogether, possess 13.9 per cent of the national 
total; the Central States east of the Mississippi River possess IS. 4 
per cent, the Mountain and Pacific States possess 19.9 per cent, and 
the Central States west of the Mississippi River possess 47.8 per cent, 
or nearly half of the enth-e number. 

The estimates of the number of these animals in the nine geographic 
divisions for 1914 indicate that a redistri])ution of relative numbers 
has ]:>egun geographically. All geographic divisions east of the Mis- 
sissippi River have begun to increase their fraction of the national 
total except the South Central States east of the Mississippi River, 
where the fraction appears to be stationary since 1910. The Moun- 
tain States are increasijig their fraction, and the Pacific States are 
apparently holding a stationary position relatively. The prominent 
beef-cattle producing region for many years, between the Mississippi 
River and the Rocky Mountains, has begun to lose its relative stand- 
ing in favor of less prominent geographic groups of States. These 
changes in relative standing, however, are due to ]>eef-cattle reduc- 
tions in the great cattle region above mentioTied more than to gains 
in beef cattle elsewhere. 

An analysis of the i-elative distribution of the faj-m and range cattle, 
not including milch cows, throughout the geographic divisions of the 
country' may be found in Table 2. 

Table 2. — Percentage of lire nlock in each geographic divisioii of the I'nitcd States. 

MILCH cows. 



Year. 


New 
England. 


Middl3 
Atlantic. 


South 
Atlantic. 


East 
North 
Central. 


West 
North 
Central. 


East 

South 

Central. 


West ^,. ,„ 
Sooth 1 ^°Pf- 
Central. 1 **"*• 

1 


Pacrfto. 


1840 1 




















1850 


9.5 
7.9 
7.2 
6.0 
5.0 
5.2 
4.1 


24.8 
22.6 
24.5 
19. 6 
15.3 

15. 2 
12. G 

12. 3 


19.5 
14.4 
11.2 
10.3 
8.3 
8.1 
8.8 
8.7 


20.2 
22.7 
25.2 
24.0 
22 7 
23^1 
23.4 
23. 6 


4.3 
7.1 
11.7 
19.4 
27.2 
26.4 
25. 8 
25.7 


14.7 
11.1 
9.3 
9.2 
8w0 
7.4 
7.9 
7.4 


6.5 

10.5 

7.4 

8.1 

9.2 

9.6 

10.9 

10.6 


0.3 
.6 
.9 
1.0 
1.3 
1.9 
2.5 
3.1 


0.2 


1860 


3.1 


1870 

1880 


2.6 
2.4 


1890 

1900 


3.0 
3.1 


1910 


4.0 


1914 


4.0 


4.0 



OTHER CATTLE. 



1840 2 . 


10.3 
7.6 
5.3 
4.8 
.3.2 
1.7 
1.4 
1.2 
1.4 


22.1 
14.6 
10.0 
9.4 
7.9 
4.4 
4.2 
4.0 
4.4 


2.3.4 
25.7 
15.9 
13.0 
11.0 
7.2 
(i.O 
7.3 
8.1 


17.9 
18.9 
19.6 
21.3 
19.8 
15.2 
13.0 
12.1 
12.8 


3.1 
5.7 
7.9 
12.7 
22.5 
31.7 
30.8 
29.9 
27.7 


19.4 
17.8 
12.6 
10.1 
8.3 
7.2 
4.8 
5.6 
5.6 


3.8 
6.9 
21.8 
23. 7 
18.1 
18.3 
24.8 
20.6 
20.1 






1850 


0.3 
.5 
1.2 
5.3 
9.6 
11.0 
13.5 
14.1 


2.5 


1860. . .. 


6.4 


1870 


3.8 


1880 


3.9 


1890 


4.7 


1900. . 


4.0 


1910 


5.8 


1914 


5.8 







1 Not separately stated. 



2 Total cattle. 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



n 



Tabi.k 2.- 



-Perce}itage of live stock in each geographic division of the United States — 
Continued. 



SWINE. 



Year. 


New 
England. 


Middle 
Atlantic. 


South 
Atlantic. 


East 
North 
Central. 


West 
North 
Central. 


Ea.st 

South 

Central. 


West 

South 

Central. 


Moun- 
tain. 


Pacific. 


1840 . . 


2.9 
1.2 
1.0 
1.0 

o.s 

0.7 
0.6 
0.7 
0.7 


13.9 
7.6 
6.0 
6.1 
4.5 
4.1 
3.1 
3.1 
3.5 


2.5.0 
24.7 
21.5 
15.3 
11.9 
8.9 
8.8 
10.2 
11.2 


21.2 
21.5 
25.5 
28.8 
28.5 
26.1 
25.5 
24.9 
25.7 


5.2 
6.7 
10.6 
16.2 
29.5 
39.4 
38.9 
36.6 
33.4 


29.1 
31.2 
23.7 
20.7 
14.2 
11.4 
10.6 
9.3 
9.9 


2.7 
7.0 
9.5 
9.5 
8.7 
7.6 
10.2 
12.1 
11.7 






1850 


0.0 
0.1 
0.1 
0.2 
0.3 
0.6 
1.1 
1.5 


0.1 


1860 


1.6 


1870 


2.3 


18.'(0 


1.7 


1890 


1.5 


1900 


1.7 


1910 


2.0 


1914 


2.4 







SHEEP. 



1840 


19. 8 
10.4 
7.9 
5.1 
3. 9 
2.6 
1.4 
0.8 
0.8 


36.8 
2.5.0 
19.5 
14.4 
10.3 
8.9 
5.0 
3.2 
3.5 


13.6 
13.7 
11.3 
7.4 
7.2 
6.8 
4.3 
3.9 
4.5 


16.6 
31.4 
30.7 
39.2 
30.0 
26.3 
17.3 
16.5 
16.9 


1.9 
4.2 
5. 5 
8.7 
8.1 
8.0 
7.9 
8.9 
10.0 


10.6 
11.9 
10. S 

7.8 
6.6 
6.4 
3.7 
3.8 
4.6 


0.7 
1.4 
.5.1 
3.5 
7.9 
10.9 
4.6 
4.2 
4.9 






1850 

1860 


1.8 
3.9 
2.9 
10.3 
17.5 
45.1 
49.2 
43.3 


0.2 
5.3 


ISU) 


U.O 


1880 

1890 

190<1 


15.7 
12.6 
10.7 


lOiO 

191' 


9.5 
11.5 



rOMMEROIAL MAKKKTIXGS. 



The commercial marketings of cattle remain to be considered. 
The receipts of cattle, ircluding- dairy cows but not including calves, 
have been aggregated for Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, 
Sioux City, St. Joseph, and St. Paul, for each year from 1900 to 1913. 
The cattle received in these seven great markets in the calendar year 
1900 numberd 7,179,000, and the number steadily increased to its 
highest point, 9,591,000, in 1907. In the three years following 1907 
the marketings of cattle averaged more than 9,000,000, but in 1911 
the decline became sharp, and in 1913 the marketings had the total of 
only 7,905,000 cattle. 

If the high average marketings of the 10 years 1901-1910 are 
regarded as 100, the marketings for 1907 reached the high point of 
107. G, from which, with fluctuations, the relative number declined to 
88.7. The marketings for 1900 and 1901 were lower than this. 

The marketings of beef cattle, as above mentioned, are to be under- 
stood in the light of the attendant circumstances. From 1900 to the 
present time there has been, more or less, a marketing of breeding 
stock of beef cattle as well as of steers, calves, and aged cows. For 
the marketing of calves a separate statement can be made for five of 
the great markets above mentioned. In 1902, 518,000 calves w^ere 
received at these markets, and the number increased to 981,000, or 
nearly double, in 1910, and subsequently sharply declined to 741,000 
in 1913. From 1905 to the last year the marketing of calves has 
largely represented the sale of production stock. 



12 



FARMERS BULLETIN 5 /.J. 



For the results of tlie com})iIations of the marketings of cattle and 
calves, see Table 3. 

Table 3. — Yearlij nuulrltii'js o/livi' sloclc, 
[Combined receipLs at Chicago, Kajisas City, Omaha, St. T,oiiis, Sioux City, SI. .loseph, and St. Paul.] 



Year. 




Xumber. 




Index nOO=voarlv average, 
1901-1910). 




Cattle. 


Calves.' 


Hogs. 


Sheep. 


Cattle. 


I 
Calvc5.' Hogs. 


Sheep. 


1900 


7,179,344 
7,708,839 
8,375,408 

8,878,789 
8, 690, 699 

9,202,083 
9,373,825 
9,590,710 
8,827,360 
9,189,312 

9,265,408 
8, 768, 456 
8, 159, 888 
7, 904, 552 


2 304,310 

2 356, 952 

517,702 

550, 559 

513,034 

730,639 
796, 793 

834, 781 
854, 687 
868, 564 

981,309 
975,176 
909,526 
740, 662 


18,573,177 
20,339,864 
17,289,427 
16,780,250 
17, 778, 827 

18,988,933 
18,682,370 
19,029,775 
22.334,445 
18,420,012 

15,347,791 
20,453,530 
20,265.667 
19,924,331 


7,061,466 
7, 798, 359 
9,177,050 
9,6.80,692 
9,604,812 

10,572,259 
10, 864, 327 
9,857,877 
9,833,64^1 
10, 284, 858 

12,407,418 
13,556,107 
13, 755, 579 
14,037,8:30 


80.6 
86.5 
94.0 
99.6 
97.5 

103.3 
105. 2 
107.6 
99.1 
103. 1 

104.0 
98.4 
91.6 

88.7 


2 43.4 

= 51.0 

73.9 

78.6 
73.2 

104.3 
113.7 
119. 2 
122.0 
124.0 

140.1 
139.2 
129.8 
105.7 


100.4 
110.0 
93.5 
90.7 
96.1 

102.6 
101.0 
102. 9 
120.7 
99.6 

83.0 
110.6 
109.5 
107.7 


70.6 


1901 


77.9 


1902 


91.7 


1903 


96. 7 


1904 


96.0 


1905 


105.6 


1906 


10S.6 


1907 


98.5 


190S 


98. 3 


1909 


102.8 


1910 


124. 


19n 


135. 5 


1912 


137. 4 


1913 


140.3 







iReoeipts at Chicago. Kansas (^itv, SI. .Toseph, St. Paid, and Sioux Citv. No returns for Omaha and 
St. Louis. 
2No data for Sioux (Mty. 

MILCH (DAIRY) COWS. 

XI'MBER. 

According to the estimate of this bureau, the number of milch 
cows on farms January 1, 1914, Avas 20,737,000. This is a slight 
increase, 0.5 of 1 per cent, over the number as enumerated in the 
census of 1910, and is 1.2 per cent above the estimate of this bureau 
for 1913. 

Various causes contributed during 1913 to prevent a larger increase 
in the number of milch cows on farms than is indicated. In Xew 
England and westward across the pMucipal dairying States, the 
w^ork of cow-testing associations has resulted in eliminating many 
cows that were kept at a loss and these cows were shiughtered. 
Along the Gulf States from Florida to Louisiana many cows were 
bought for transportation to pastures in Texas and States to the 
north to take tlie place to some extent of cows sold during the severe 
drought of the summer, because of shortage of pasture and forage. 
The high prices paid by slaughterers for beef animals <yr any descrip- 
tion, bad as well as good, induced the sale of many dairy cows, for the 
reason that the prices offered were often much beyond the values of 
these cows for dairy purposes. The more exacting requirements of 
city health ofhcei's, whidi have the effect of increasing the cost of 
producing milk, have also operated to reduce the number of cows on 
farms. The short supply of feeding stuffs in some sections on account 
of the prolonged drought, the low production of corn and its high 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 

price, and tlie high prices of feeding stuffs counted against the profit- 
ableness of dairying and consequently the milch cosvs Avere sold. 

On the other hand, causes were in operation to increase the number 
of dairy cows. Farmers are more inclined to improve their systems 
of farming than before, and the dependence of the fertility of the 
soil upon a system of which dairying is a part has caused many 
farmers to begin or to resume dairying or to enlarge their herds. 

The nlost marked increase in dairying is found in Wisconsin, 
Miimesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, where dairying has 
becji extended into new areas. 



A most remarkable increase in the value of milch cows per head 
has occurred since 1910. The average of that year, as ascertained 
by this bureau, was S35.29; for 1913 it was $45.02; and for 1914, 
$53.94, an increase of 19.8 per cent over 1913 and of 52.8 per cent 
over 1910. 

The present price is partly the result of a demand that has increased 
faster than the supply. It is also largely due to the fact that the 
quality of dairy cows has improved through the weeding out of the 
unprofitable ones and it is very considerably the result of the greater 
prevalence of improved breeds. 

As the preceding figures indicate, the total value of the milch 
cows of tlie United States has increased enormously since the cen- 
sus year 1910. Their total value in that year, as computed by mul- 
tipl3"ing the census number of animals by the average value per head 
as determined by this bureau, was $727,802,000. The total value, 
as determmed by this bureau for 1913, was $922,783,000, and the 
amount for 1914 is $1,118,487,000. 

The details concerning the number of dairy cov/s in 1914, 1913, 
and 1910 and average value per head and total values for the same 
years may bo found for the various States in Table 13. 

PEIi CAPITA RATIOS. 

Dairy coavs relative to popuhition were more common than they 
arc now as far back as the fust census for them in 1850. At the 
present time there is 0.21 of 1 dairy cpw per capita of the population. 
In 1910 the ratio v»'as 0.22 of 1 cow and the percentage increased 
backwards to 1890, when the ratio was 0.26 of 1 daiiy cow. Back 
of that year there was a decline to 0.23 of 1 dairy cow in 1870, preced- 
ing which there was an increase to 0.28 of 1 dairy cow per capita of 
the population in 1850. 

It may not be inferred from the trend of the foregoing averages 
that the quantity of butter fat produced by dairy cows per capita of 
the population has decreased in the same degrees indicated by the 



14 FARMEES' BULLETIN 575. 

averages for the census years, nor indeed that it has decreased at all. 
The improvement in both the average quantity and the quality of 
the milk since 1850 has very likely been sufficient to counteract the 
diminishing per capita ratios of dairy cows to population. 

Details concerning the per ca})ita number of milch cows may l)e 
found in Table 1. 

GEOGRAPHIC REDISTRIBUTION. 

The geographic redistribution of the nation's milch cows as time 
has advanced is of much interest. At the present time the North 
Central States west of the Mississippi River contain 25.7 per cent of 
the entire number of milch cows on the farms of this country and 
no other division of States has as large a fraction. Next below is the 
North Central States east of the Mississippi River with 23.6 per cent. 
Following this is the percentage for the Middle Atlantic States, 12.3, 
after which follow in order 10.6 per cent for the South Central States 
west of the Mississippi River, 8.7 per cent for the South Atlantic 
States, 7.4 per cent for the South Central States east of the Mississippi 
River, 4.6 per cent for the Pacific States, 4 per cent for New Eng- 
land, and 3.1 per cent for the Mountain States. 

New England has steadily lost in the fraction of the nation's milch 
cows possessed in that region since 1850 and so have the Middle 
Atlantic and East South Central States; but the vSouth Atlantic 
States had a diminishing percentage^ imtil 1900, after which there 
was an increase to 8.8 per cent in 1910, followed by the trace of a 
decline in 1914. 

The East North Central States in 1850 had about one-fifth of the 
milch cows of the United States and tlie Middle Atlantic States 
more than one-fourth, but the East North Central States took the 
lead m 1860 and kept it until 1880, when the leading place was taken 
by the West North (*entral States. From 1850 to the present time 
the East North Central States have held either first or second place 
in the possession of number of milch cows, in comparison with other 
geographic divisions . 

The Vfest North Central States had but 4.3 per cent of the milch 
cows on farms in 1850 and the percentage rapidly increased to 27.2 
in 1890, from v\diich it declined to 25.7 per cent in 1914. 

The West South Central States now have about the same fraction 
of the nation's dairy cows on farms that they had in 1860, which was 
slightly more than 10 per cent. The lowest fraction for an inter- 
mediate census 3-ear was 7.4 per cent in 1870. The Mountain States 
have slightly mcreased their fraction of the nation's dairy cows on 
farms from 1850 to the present time; but the Pacific States had the 
same fraction in 1900 that they had in 1860, 3.1 per cent; but since 
1900 the fraction has increased to 4.6 per cent at the present time. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 



Under the new tariff of October 4, 1913, all cattle may be imported 
free of duty. Previous to that time dairj" cows were subject to a 
duty of 27.5 per cent ad valorem. The new tariff reduces the duty 
on butter from 6 to 2 cents per pound. Substantially no daiiy cows 
are imported into the United States, except so far as pure-bred cows 
miported for breeding purposes may be regarded as dairy cows. 

The high i)rice of butter during the autumn of 1913 antl the present 
winter and the reduction of the duty have made an opening for the 
increased importation of butter. These importations have come 
from New Zealand, Australia, Siberia, and Canada. In the fiscal 
year ending June 30, 1912, 1,025,668 pounds of butter were imported; 
in the fiscal year 1913, 1,162,253 pounds of butter; and during the 
five months, July to November, 1913, 1,984,891 pounds were imported. 
This looks like a small quantity compared with the production of 
1,700,000,000 pounds of })utter in this country" in 1909 as ascertained 
by the census. 

Much of the butter imported last autumn was of low grade, and 
more or less of this was reworked, or at any rate repacked, and sold 
as domestic butter, according to commercial reports. 



A very considerable decUne in the number of sheep has taken 
place since 1910. In that year the number on farms as ascertained 
by tiie census was 52,448,000; the estimate for January 1, 1914, is 
49,710,000, a decline of 3.4 per cent from 1913 and of "5.2 per cent 
from 1910. 

Among th(^ causes that have contributed to the diminution of num- 
ber of sheep is the scarcity of labor required for their care, the high 
prices of sheep and lambs for slaughter, the displacement of sheep 
by expanding dairying, deficient pastui'age and forage on account of 
drought, destruction by dogs, the settlement of range land previously 
occupied by sheep, and the low price of wool; also the increasing 
value of land. 

According to the reports of correspondents the low price of wool 
is the most prominent cause. In view of the general agreement of 
correspondents with regard to this, the accompanying Table 4 has 
been prepared to show the range of wholesale prices of wool per 
pound in the Boston market from 1899 to December, 1913. The 
highest prices for Ohio fine unwashed wool since 1899 ranged from 
23 to 30 cents from 1905 to 1909; for 1913 the range was 20 to 24 
cents. Similar dechnes are observable in the cases of the other wools 
included in the table. 



16 



FAEMEES' BULLETIN 575. 



During 1913 the price of Ohio fine unwashed wool declined from 
24 cents in January to 20-21 cents in December; of Ohio XX washed 
from 32 cents in January to 25^26 cents in December; for Ohio 
Delaine washed from 34 cents in January to 26-27 cents in Decem- 
ber; for selected Territory staple scoured, from 66-67 cents in Janu- 
ary to 51-53 cents in December; for fine medium Territory clothing 
scoured, from 57-59 cents in January to 46-48 cents in December; 
and for fine free fall Texas scoured, from 47-50 cents in January to 
41-43 cents in December. 

Table 4. — Range of wholesale jrrlces of wool -per pound in Boston, 1899-1913. 



Pat<>. 


Ohio fine, 
unwashed. 


Ohio XX, 
washed. 


Ohio 
Delaine, 
washed. 


Fine selcctpd 
Territory, 

staple" 
.scoured. 


Fine medium 
Territory, 
clothing 
scoured. 


Fine free 

fall, Texas 

scoured. 




Low. 


High. 


Low. 


High. 


Low. 


High. 


Low. 


High. 


IjOW. 


High. 


Low. 


High. 




Cts. 


CIS. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


CIS. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


1899 


16 
18 
16' 
19 
20 

21 
23 


26 

26 

194 

23 

25 

25 
30 


25J, 

27' 

26 

27 

30 

32 
34 


38 
38 
28 
32 
35 

36 
37 


27 

211 

274 

28" 

334 

34 
36 


40 
40 
30 
35 
37 

38 
40 


42 
49 
43 

48 
52 

50 
65 


75 
74 
50 
50 
60 

70 

78 


38 
45 
35 
42 
50 

50 
60 


62 
62 
44 
50 

58 

68 
72 


30 
40 
36 
38 
44 

44 

54 


52 


1900 


55 


1901 


42 


1902 


48 


1903 


48 


1904 


56 


1905 


63 


190G 


24 
25 
19 

23 
20 


28 
28 
27 

28 
28 


334 
33 
30 

34 
30 


36 
35 
35 

38 
38 


35J 
36 
31 

37 
34 


374 

39 

39 

42 
40 


70 
70 
53 

62 
60 


78 
75 

72 

80 
80 


65 
66 
43 

60 
54 


70 
73 
62 

72 
68 


58 
50 
42 

45 

48 


63 


1907 


62 


1908 


53 


1909 


62 


1910 


62 


1911 


18 


22 


27 


32 


29 


34 


53 


62 


51 


60 


41 


50 


1912 


21 


25 


28 


33 


30 


35 


60 


67 


48 


.59 


42 


48 


1913. 


























January 


24 


24 


32 


32 


34 


34 


66 


67 


57 


59 


47 


50 


Febiuarv 


24 


24 


32 


32 


33 


34 


63 


65 


57 


58 


49 


50 


Mai'fh 


23 


24 


29 


32 


30 


34 


57 


65 


54 


58 


47 


50 


Anril 


21 
20 


231 
21 


27 


29 

28 


29 
27 


31 
30 


55 
55 


60 
56 


51 
49 


55 
53 


45 
45 


48 


May 


46 


Juno 


20 


21 


27 


27 


27 


28 


55 


56 


49 


50 


45 


46 


July 


20 


21 


27 


30 


27 


28 


55 


56 


49 


50 


45 


46 


August 


20 


21 


26 


30 


27 


28 


54 


55 


49 


50 


45 


46 


Septeml)er 


20 


21 


25 


26 


27 


28 


53 


55 


48 


50 


45 


46 


Octo))er 


20 


21 


25.4 


26 


27 


28 


53 


54 


46 


50 


43 


46 


November 


20 


21 


254 


20 


264 


28 


53 


54 


46 


48 


41 


45 


December 


20 


21 


25J 


26 


26 


27 


61 


53 


43 


48 


41 


43 


The year. 


20 


24 


25 


32 


26 


34 


51 


67 


46 59 


41 50 

1 



In spite of the decline in the number of sheep, then- value per head 
has increased 10 cents ^vithin a year and was S4.04 January 1, 1914. 
This, however, is a decline of 1.9 per cent from the price of January 
1, 1910. 

The total value of all sheep v.n farms January 1, 1914, was -1200,803,- 
000, a decline of 1 per cent from 1913 because of the decline in the 
number of sheep, and a decline of 7 per cent from the total for 1910 
because of a decline in both number of sheep and value per head. 



THE AGRICULTUBAL OUTLOOK. 17 

Details for immbor and value of ^illeep in the various vStates may 
be found in Table 14. 

Since 1900 sheep keeping has been declming in this countr}^ to 
a very marked degree. The number of sheep in that year was 
61 ,500,000, while the present number is 19.2 per cent less, with a pros- 
pect of further diminution unless sheep are to be raised primarily for 
meat with wool jus a by-product. 

I'ER CAPITA OF TifK POPCLATIOX. 

The number of sheep in this country per capita of the population 
was 1.13 accordmg to the census of 1840. The number diminished 
to 0.57 of 1 sheep in 1890. During this period the census excluded 
spring lambs from enumeration. These were included in 1900 and 
subsecpiently. In 1900 the ratio per capita of population was 0.81 
of 1 sheep and the ratio declined to 0.50 of 1 sheep in 1914. Details 
of figures may be found in Table 1 . 

CEOfiliAPJIIC CHAXC.ES. 

The most striking geographic rcdiv^tribution of a. class of farm 
animals from the earliest census to the present time is perhaps 
afforded by sheep. In 1840 the Middle Atlantic States had 36.8 per 
cent of all sheep on farms and New England was second with 19.8 per 
cent. The third place was held by the east North Central States with 
16.6 per cent, while next in order were the South Atlantic States with 
13.6 per cent, the east South Central States with 10.6 per cent; the 
west North Central States M-ith 1.9 per cent, the west South Central 
States witli 0.7 of 1 per cent, and no sheep at all, as far as the census 
ascertained, in the Mountain and Pacific States. 

Now New England and New York occupy the lowest and next to 
the .lowest place, respectively, in the possession of sheep on farms, 
and a little less than 5 per cent of the national total i^ possessed by 
each of the S<Hith Atlantic, east South Central, and west South 
CV^ntral States. The west North Central States have 10 per cent of 
the total, the Pacific States 1 1 .5 per cent, while nearly one-half of the 
sheep of the Nation, or 43.3 per cent, are in the Mountain States, 
where sheep rjiising is a range industry. Particulars Avith regard 
to the geographic distribution of sheep may be found in Table 2. 

SHEEP MARKETINli. 

The receipts of sheep at seven principal marketing centers have 
been compiled for 1900 to 1913, with results that may be found in 
Table 3. The record shows a marked increase in the number of 
sheep received for slaughter at these places after 1909, leading up to 
the highest number ever received, 14,000,000, in 1913. Here is 
clearly a case (tf the slaughtering of production stock kept for wool 
production. 

27049°— 14 p. 



18 farmers' bulletin 575. 

HAVE SHEEP A PLACE ON AMERECAN FARMS? 

The following paragraphs by George M. Rommel, Chief of the 
Division of Anmial Husbandry, Bureau of Animal Industry, are 
included here as of interest iii tlie discussion of sheep: 

Tlie estimates of the department for the number of sheep on farms in the United 
States on January 1, 1914, show a decided decrease as compared with 1G13. The 
apparent tendency toward a decline in the number of sheep on farms has been noted 
for some time and has caused sheep raising on farms to be referred to as a waning 
industry. A word here concerning the economy of sheep and their place in agricul- 
tural practice may not be out of place. 

As a farm animal per se, the sheep has many distinct advantages. 

(1) The sheep is a much more economical animal to feed than the sleer, returning 
a larger amount of gain per 100 ixxuids of feed eaten. When his t-a pacify to consume 
rougliage is considered, he is more economical than the hog. 

(2) The siieep yields a double return — meat at an econoraical cost, an<I w<mi1 as a 
by-product — which wUl go far toward defraying the cost of keep. 

(3) Sheep are prolific. A farm flock which does not yield at least 100 per cent 
increase is very poor indeed. 

(4) A flock of sheep on a farm will, in time, clear it of weeds, without expense to 
the owner, if allowed to range the lanes, the stubble fields after grain is cut, and 
the cornfields after the com is full grown. As a scavenger, even a goat is not more 
useful than a sheep. 

As meat-food animals sheep have never been sufficiently appreciated in the United 
States. They are, however, of very great value. They must bo classed with hoge 
and i)oultry as the most available animals to supply meat for home use on the averags 
farm. They are readily slaughtered, the meat can be kept withoiit difficulty; it 
cuts up without waste in sizes which are convenient for the average family, and 
the meat is nutritious, wholesome, and palatable when properlj' cooked. The 
healthfulness of the sheep alone gives it front rank as a meat-food animal. Sheep 
rarely have tuberculosis or other diseases communicable to man. 

The foregoing statements are axiomatic. If the sheep industry is so inviting, 
why do our farmers seem to be showing a tendency to curtail sheep raising? In 
my opinion there are three principal causes. 

First. Intestiual parasites, principally stomach worms, cause serious losses in farm 
flocks over the whole country, and almost entire lamb crops are sometimes extermi- 
nated. In no farming sections are sheep free from this danger, and no l:)reed of sheep 
is immune, although some breeds — the Merinos, ior example — ^are less suscepti]>le 
than others. No infallible cure for stomach worms is known, but it is possible to 
control them economically by keeping the lamba away from the ewes except when 
nursing, and by a system of jaasture rotation. Unless a farmer is willmg to take 
precautions in the management of the flock he should nut raise sheep. 

Second. Cur dogs are almost as great a hindrance to the sheep industry as parasites. 
The only protection against them is to keep the flock during the day where it can be 
watched and to put it into a dog-proof inclosure at night. An authentic case has 
recently been reported from Michigan where a flock of more than 200 head were all 
run to death in one night by two cur dogs. Dog-tight night folds can be built of 
woven wire at small expense,' 

Third. Farmers have not generally recognized the proper place of the sheep in 
agriculture in tJie settled regions. Too much importance is placed on wool. Except 
on the range, where land is cheap, the wool should be regarded as an incidental— 
a side luie to help defray the cost of handling. Raising sheei> for wool alone does 

1 Spl' Bull. 20, U. S. Dept. Agr., for details of sheep management. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 

not pay on farms, and the atiempts ot fanners to make it pay is nndoubtecTly largely 
responsible for tlie prevailing opinion (hat sheep are not profitable on expensive 
land. Sheep are raised in England on some of the most expensive land in the 
Kingdom, but they are raised as meat animals and not as wool producers; tlie wool is 
a by-product, as it sliould be iu farm flocks. 

If o]iiy 25 per cent of the farms on which there are now no sheep should ha-\-e a 
flock of not over 25 or 30 ewes, managed with reasonable care and protected against 
dogs, not only would fann revenues be materially increased but a decided step in 
advan.e wonld be taken toward the solution of our meat-supply problem. 

SWINE. 



^ythoiig;h the estimated number of swine on farms January 1, 1914, 
5^,933.000, was 1.3 per cent more than the census number for 1910, 
tlie decline from 1913 was 3.7 per cent. This decline is partly 
accoimted for by the extensive prevalence of hog cholera, by high- 
priced c(^rn, by the deficient production of 1913 because of a severe 
long-continued and extensive drought and because of the high prices 
of swine for slaughter. Notwithstanding the high price of hogs for 
slaughter, farmers found that they could not profitably feed the 
high-])riced corn. At the same time, the price of hogs per hundred 
pounds was high relatively, although not as high as corn. In this 
situati(u\ hogs were often sent to market undersized. 

AVKnA(;ii: wkight of noes ox thk f.^km. 

The average size of hogs on the farm Janujiry 1 has never be^n 
directly ascertained, but it may be computed from the average price 
per head divided by the average price per liuudivd pounds, as ascer- 
tained by this ])ureau. As a result of this operation, the average 
weight of a hog on the farm January 1, 1914, was 145 pounds; in 1913 
it was 144 pounds; in 1912, 140 pounds; and hi 1911, 131 pounds. 
The marketing of low-weight hogs, which has been frequently com- 
mented upon in live-stock and commercial papers during the last 
three years, is apparent m the foregoing average weights, which are 
appai-eutly high l^ecause the lighter hogs have been sokl off. 



Tiie average value of swine oit farms per head January 1, 1914^. 
was $10,40, or 5.5 per cent above the average value of January 1, 
1913, an.d 13.4 per cent above that of 1910. In consequence of the 
increased value of swine per head, the total value of ail swine on 
fai-ms is esthnated at $612,951,000, or a gain of 1.6 per cent over 
1913 and 14.9 per cent over 1910, The diminution of swine January 
1, 1914, was more than counterbalanced by the increased price per 
head of those that were on hand. 

Particulars for the number and value of sv>dne are presented in 
Table 15 for the various States. 



20 FARMEES' EX^LLETIN 515. 



I?ELATIOX TO POPULATION. 



Swine are quite as cousjjicuoiis as sheep in exliibiting a declining 
per capita ratio. At the time of the census of 1840^ the number of 
swine per capita of population was 1.54. vSteadily the ratio declined 
to 0.65 of 1 animal in 1S70, but from that low average there was 
recovery to 0.95 of 1 animal in 1880. After that year the decline 
was steady to 0.60 to 1 animal per capita of population in 1914. 
These figures may bo found in Table 1 . 



CHANCiES IN- (JEOORAPHIC IMPOKTANCE. 



Great changes have taken place in the geographic redistribution of 
swine since 1840, when the East South Central States led the geo- 
graphic divisions of the country in the possession of number of swine. 
The fraction of the national total in that division was then 29.1 per 
cent. Next in order at that time was the South xVtlantic group Avith 
25.0 per cent; so that the South, east of the Mississippi Kiver, pos- 
sessed 54.1 per cent of the swine of the country at that date. 

In 1914 the leading division is the West Nortli Central States, while 
the division second in importance is the East North Central States. 
Altogether, these divisions have 59.1 per cent of the Nation's swine, 
or i\ little more than the South east of the Mississippi Kiver possessed 
in 1840 as a fraction of the Nation's total. In 1914 the division 
that is third in importance in the possession of swine is the West South 
Central, \\dth the fraction of 11.7 per cent of the Njition's swine. 
After tliis follow in order the South Atlantic States with 1 1 .2 per 
cent, the East South Central States with 9.9 per cent, the Middle 
Atlantic States with 3.5 per cent, the Pacific States with 2.4 per cent, 
the Mountain States with 1.5 per cent, and New England with 0.7 of 
1 per cent. Details of tlie geogi'aphic distribution mav be found in 
Table 2. 

COMMERCIAL MOVEMENT. 

Hogs are more i^roUfic than any other farm animal and conse- 
quently contribute a larger number to slaughter than any other class. 
In seven markets the receipts of hogs from 1900 to 1913 may be found 
expressed in Table 3. Swine have the ability to recuperate in num- 
bers after extraordinary losses more quickly than any other class of 
animals . For illustration, it may be observed that in 1 908 an extremely 
large number of hogs were received at these seven principal markets, 
and that w\as the year when there was a large slaughter of production 
stock. The marketing of the two following years indicate as much, 
but in the third year thereafter there had been recuperation. In 
1013 the hogs received at these markets numbered 19,924,331, which 
was somewhat under the 20,265,667 received in 1912. The receipts 
in 1913 at these seven markets have been exceeded in 1901, 1908, 
1911, and 1912. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. . 21 

HOKSES. 

XUMBKK MAINTAINED ACAJNST OBSTACLES. 

In the days of the bicycle's rapid increase iu popularit}'^, it was sup- 
posed that the horse would be considerably displaced by that machine. 
Then came the use of electric power for urban and suburban street 
cars, and this was in turn followed by the automobile, which, in pop- 
ular belief; is pushing the horse toward extinction. A little-noticed 
competition to the horse is the increasing use of farm tractors, most 
of whicli receive their power from gasoline. 

In spite of every thmg that has been threatening, the hoi'ses of the 
census of 1910, which numbered 19,833,000, have increased to 
20,902,000 January 1, 1914, or 5.7 per cent. The increase over 1913 
is 1.9 per cent. 

Although the horses are maintauiing their numbers and, indeed, are 
increasing, the relative importance of breeds is changing. The au- 
tomobile is having the effect of diminishing the number of light driv- 
ing horses, and, notwithstanding the increased use of autotrucks, 
the iiumber of heavy draft horses has much increased in importance. 
The old-time prairie ponies have been substantially pushed aside by 
the better-bred horse. In Texas, for instance, these ponies have been 
mostly eliminated with the disappearance of ranches and the develop- 
ment of agriculture, which demands horses of better blood and liigher 
value. 

On the otlier hand, there is a decUnc in tlie number of horses in 
California, owing to an unusually extensive and general use of auto- 
trucks and traction engines. 



The value of horses per head January 1, 1914, is $109.32, a decrease 
of 1.3 per cent from 1913, but an mcrease of 1.2 per cent over 1910. 
As a result of a larger number of horses in 1914 than in 1913, although 
the value per head is lower, the total value of all horses on farms 
January 1, 1914, is $2,291,638,000, or an increase of 0.6 per cent over 
1913 and of 7 per cent over 1910. The value and number of horses 
on farms January 1, 1914, was thehighest ever reached hi this country. 

Details for number and value of horses in the separate States may 
be found in Table 16. 

The average value of horses per head is based on horses of all ages 
and breeds. In connection with this average, m recent years, it may 
bo mentioned that this bureau recently ascertained that the cost of 
raismg a horse until 3 years old, as a general average for the United 
States, was $104.05, from which should be subtracted the average 
value of the work done, $7.52, leaving the net cost at $96.53, which, 
at the time when the cost was determined, was 70.9 per cent of the 



22 farmers' bulletin 575. 

farm value of a 3-year old. The most imporkxnt element in the cost 
of raismg a horse was the cost of feed, which amounted to 54.1 per 
cent of the total cost. 

PER CAPrrA OF POPULATION. 

The number of horses on farms can be better understood if they are 
compared with population. In 1850 there was 0. 19 of 1 horee per cap- 
i(a of population, and the ratio remained about the same until about 
1890 and 1900, when the ratio was 0.24 of 1 horse. After 1900 the 
ratio dechned to 0.21 of 1 horse in 1914, or to as high a ratio as existed 
before 1890 and to a higher one than existed before 1880. For figures 
relating to the per capita ratios, Table 1 may be examined. 

MULES. 

NUMBEK AND VALUE. 

Mules as well as horses have been more than maintained in iiumber. 
From the census number of mules m 1910, the increase is to 4,449,000, 
the ]iumber for January 1, 1914, or 5.7 per cent, and the increase in 
1914 over 1913 is 1.4 per cent. 

There has been a slight falling off in the average value of farm mules 
per head January 1, 1914, as compared with the preceding year, 
and the latter value, $123.85, is 0.4 of 1 per cent lower than the former, 
but the increase over 1910 is 3 per cent. In consequence of the 
increased number, in spite of the diminished value per head the 
total value of all mules on farms reached the heretofore luiequaled 
total of $551,017,000 January 1, 1914, which was an increase of 11 
per cent over 1913 and of 8.9 per cent over 1910. 

State details of number and value of mules are given in Table 17. 

The mule is the only farm animal covered by this report which 
has increased per capita of population. The ratio in 1850 was 0.02 
of 1 jnule per capita of population and the ratio remamed substan- 
tially at 0.04 of 1 mule from 1860 to 1900, after which it rose to 0.05 
of 1 mule per capita of the population. The uicreased use of mules 
has followed the expansion of cotton growing and perhaj^s this 
fact more than anything else has caused the increase of number 
and of per capita number of mules. 

SUMMAEY OF NUMBER AND TOTAL VALUE. 

It remains now to aggregate the farm animals for number and 
total value. The cattle of January 1, 1914, according to the esti- 
jiiates, had a total of 56,592,000 head, and this was an increase of 
0.1 per cent from 1913 and a decrease of 8.4 per cent from 1910. 
The aggregate value, however, on account of the great increase in 
the average valiie per head, became $2,234,820,000 for January 1, 
1914, for all cattle, or an increase of 19.4 per cent over 1913 and 
47.7 j^er cent over 1910. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 23 

Although difforhig widely in the uses and valiits per head, the 
farm animals covered by this report, namely, horses, mules, niileh 
cows, otlicr cattle, sheep; and swine, are aggi-egatcd for aeveral years 
for the purpose of a rough comparison. Tlie total aggregate number 
of these six classes of animals, as determined by the census of 1910, 
was 196,480,000 head. In 1913 the number was estimated bytliis 
bureau v.t 194,140,000, and the estimate of January 1, 1914, is 
190,655,000 head, a decrease of 1.8 per cent from 1013 and of 3 
per cent from 1910. On the other liand increases, are found in aggre- 
gate values. For 1910 the value of these six classes of farm animals 
was $4,910,975,000; tor 1913, $5,501,783,000; and for 1914, $5,891,- 
220,000, or an increase of 7.1 per cent over 1913 and of 20 per cent 
over 1910. 

BKEKDIXC FP^MALKS. 

An important change occurred in the relative number of the breed- 
ing females in the case of cattle and sheep from 1900 to 1910. In 
1900 the cows and heifers were 53 per cent of j;11 cattle, but the per- 
centage increased to 65 in 1910, showing how much more clbselv 
the other members of the herds had been sold off. The com|)Utatlon 
for owes shows that tliey were 52 per cent of all sheep in 1900, but 
had become 60 per cent in 1910. The explanation is doubtless the 
same as the one for cattle. 

MEAT PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION. 

A NATIONAL PROBLEM. 

Four distinctive classes of meat animals su])ply nearly the enth'e 
meat production of this country. These are milch cows, other 
cattle, slieep, and swine. Milch cows have maintained a substan- 
tially uniform number since the census of 1910 and then declined 
relative to population. There has been a decided absolute dechne 
in the number of other cattle and a considerable decHne of sheep, 
with the prospect of continued decline until the sheep industry can 
be established primarily on a meat basis with w^ool as a b}^-product. 
Swine have declined dunng tlie last three years, but still the number 
is absolutely larger than in 1910, althotigh the per capita number is di- 
miiiisliing. In view of these circumstances, a statement of wluit is 
known with regard to the production and consumption of meat in 
this country must be of national interest. 

AMOUNTS EXPRESSED IN DRESSED WEIGHT. 

It lias been estimated by this bureati that the production of meat 
in 1900 amounted to 16,052,000,000 pounds, as customarily ex- 
pressed in dressed weight, but including lard. This does not include 
the extra edible parts, sucli as lieart, liver, tongue, etc. 



24 FARMERS BULLETIN 515, 

Of this production; 2,433,000,000 pounds were exported, so tiiat 
the consumption amounted to 13,619,000,000 pounds, di'essed 
weight. The consumption of ])eef in 1900 disposed of 5,853,000,000 
pounds; of veal, 758,000,000 pounds; total beef and veal, 6,611,- 
000,000 ])Ounds; of mutton and lamb, 587,000,000 pounds; of pork 
excluding lard, 5,405,000,000 pounds; of lard, 1,017,000,000 pounds; 
total pork, including lard, 6,422,000,000 pounds. 

An estimate of the production of meat in 1909, partly resting on 
the method previously adopted by this bureau, but takhig advantage 
of additional information provided by the census, Avas made by Mr. 
John Kol)evts, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and published in 
the annual report of that bureau for 1911. In this estimate the 
production of meat in 1909, on the basis of dressed weight, including 
lard, was 16,863,000,000 pounds, or 811.000,000 pounds more than 
in 1900. 

The exports, however, declined to 1,263,000,000 pounds, or almost 
exactly one-half the exports of 1900, and the meat remaining for 
consumption, as expressed iji dressed weight, was 15,600,000,000 
pounds, or 1,981,000,000 pounds more than in 1900. 

Tlie consumption of beef increased durhig the nine years to7,27'6,- 
000,000 pounds, or 1,423,000,000 pounds mors than in 1900, but the 
consumption of veal fell to 683,000,000 pounds, or 75,000,000 be- 
low the amount of 1900. 

The mutton and lamb co]isum]:)tion in 1909 is estimated at 596,- 
000,000 pounds, or an increase of 9.000,000 pounds above the con- 
sumption of 1900. 

The pork and lard consumption for 1909 presents an .increase of 
612,000,000 pounds for 1909, as compared with 1900, and amounted 
to 7,034,000,000 pounds. An estimate of ihe consumption of goat 
meat in 1909 results in 11,773,000 pounds. 

PER CAPITA RATIOS. 

Still bearing in mind tliat tlie foi'egoing figures stand for dressed 
meat weight and exclude the many extra edibl(> parts that .go into 
consumption, a comparison of 1909 with 1900 ma}^ be made with 
regard to per capita production and consum})tion of meat that is 
embraced in the description '^ dressed weight." 

By a rough and very imperfect computation, the production and 
consumption of meat in 1914 an estimated and these estimates in per 
capita form of expression are inti'oduced foi- expanding the com- 
parison. 

The per ca])ita production of dressed weight meat dechned from 
211.2 pounds in 1900 to 186.2 pounds in 1909 and to 160.6 pounds 
for 1914, and the per capita exports of meat declined from 32 
pounds in 1900 to 14 i:)ounds in 1909, and to 8.7 pounds in the fiscal 
year 1913. 



,' THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 25 

Tlie oonsiimptioii of meat, dressed weiglit, per capita, declined 
fi-om 179.2 pounds in 1900 to 172.3 pounds in 1909, and then to 
151.9 pounds for 1914. 

Comparison of 1909 with 1900 witli regard to different kinds of 
meat is not extended to 1914. For beef there was an increase of 
per capita consumption fi'om 77 to 80.3 pounds, but the consumption 
of veal declined from 10 to 7.6 pounds, so that the per capita con- 
sumption of beef and veal increased almost 1 pound, or from 87 to 
87.9 pounds. 

The per caj^ita consumption of mutton and lamb fell from 7.7 
pounds to 6.6 pounds from 1900 to 1909, and the per capita con- 
sumption of pork, including lard, declined from 84.5 to 77.7 pounds. 
Goat meat wus consumed to the extent of 0.13 of 1 pound per capitsv 
in 1909. 

DRESSED WEIGHT AND EXTRA EDIBLE PARTS. 

The foregoing numbers refer to meat production and consumption 
in terms of (hessed weight and are faiily comparable with similar 
numbers for foreign countries. The dressed w(4ght basis is the one 
commonly adopted. There is a large, production of meat, however, 
which has been termed " extra edible parts." These are not included 
in dressed weight. This bureau has estimated the production of 
meat embraced within the description of "extra edible parts" for 
1900, and a similar estimate has been made by Mr. Roberts, of the 
Bureau of Animal Industry, for 1909; a very rough and imperfect 
calculation of this production has been added for 1914. 

Tlie years 1900, 1909, and 1914 may now^ be compared with one 
another with regard to the production and consumption of all meat; 
tliat is, tlie dressed-weight meat, plus the extra edible parts. The 
extra edible parts contributed 2,601,000,000 pounds of meat to the 
dressed weight in 1900 and 2,366,000,000 pounds in 1909, so that the 
per capita consumption of meat in dressed weight was increased on 
this account by 34.2 pounds in 1900 and by 26.1 pounds in 1909. 
The per capita consumption of meat, including extra edible parts, 
was 213.4 pounds in 1900, 198.4 pounds in 1909, 160.3 pounds for 
1914; and the total consumption was 16,220,000,000 pounds in 1900, 
17,966,000,000 pounds in 1909, and, as roughly estimated, of 15,810,- 
000,000 pounds of meat in 1914. 

The total production of meat, including extra edible parts, was 
18,653,000,000 pounds in 1900, or 245.5 pounds per capita; it was 
19,229,000,000 pounds in 1909, or 212.3 pounds per capita; and the 
estimate for 1914 is 16,675,000,000 pounds, or 169 pounds per capita. 

During the nine years from 1900 to 1909 the total meat production, 
including extra edible j^arts, increased 576,000,000 pounds, or 3.1 
per cent; but from 1900 to 1914 the meat production decreased 
1,978,000,000 pounds, or 10.6 per cent. The total meat consump- 



26 



FABMEES BULLETIK 575. 



tiou, including extra edible parts, incre.used 1,746,000,000 pounds, 
or 10.8 per cent, from 1900 to 1909; but from 1900 to lOU tho estimate 
indicates a decrease of 410,000,000 pounds, or 2.5 per cent. 

The exports of meat decreased 1,170,000,000 pounds, or -IS.l per 
cent, from 1900 to 1909, and the decrease from 1900 to the fecal year 
1913 was 1,068,146.000 pounds, or 64.5 per cent. 

The population increased 19.2 per cent from 1900 to l!>09, and the 
estimate of increase for 1914 over 1900 is 29.8 per cent. 

Finally, it may be stated that the per capita consumption of meat, 
including the extra echble parts, decreased 7 per cent from 1900 to 
1909, and 24,9 per cent from 1900 to 1914. The production and con- 
sumption of dressed-weight meat are expressed in tabular form in 
Table 5. 

Table 5. — Estimated iotnl nnd per cupiUi. produrtioti and consumption of meet. 19<j() and 

1909. 

[Bureau of StatLsties (Agiiiniltural Forecasts) and Bureau of \nimal Indusiry. Corajiuied on the ly.xsis 
of dressed weights; approximately comparable with estimates for foreign countries ] 



Kind of meat. 


Total poiui'.ls. 


Per capit I 
pounds. 




I'JOO 


1909 


1900 1909 


PRODUCTIOX. 

Production (consumption and exports) 

Exports 


16,052,487,000 
2,4:i3,03o,CK)0 


16,S62,!W7,000 
1,263, 033, 01 !0 


211.2 
32.0 


l.sti.2 
14.0 






CONSUMPTION. 

Beef 

Veal • 


5,8.52,815,000 
758,030,000 


7,275,6.32,000 
682,826,000 


77.0 
10.0 


SO. .3 
7.6 


Tola! 


fi, 610, 845,000 


7,9.58,45S,000 


87.0 


87.9 








586,972,000 


595,SS,S,(X)0 


7.7 


6.6 








5,101,624,000 
1,017,011,000 


6,122,796,000 
911,039,000 


71,1 
13.4 


67.6 




10.1 






Total 


6,421,035,000 


7,033,835,000 


84.5 


77.7 










11,773.000 




.1 










13,619,452,000 


15,599,954,000 


179.2 172.3 









1 A former estimate of mutton and lamb production for 1900 made liy the Biueau of Statistics (Agricul- 
tural Forecasts) has been reduced to place it on the census liasis for 1909 and ej-T)ecial!y to make it conform 
to the smaller number of animals on April 15, the date of the census for 1910, instead" of to the number oa 
June 1. the date of the census for 19<T0. 



IMPORTS OF MEAT AND MEAT ANIMALS. 



A statement of quantities of imports of meat and meat animals 
for the fiscal years 1912 and 1913, and the fii-st five or six months of 
the fiscal year 1914 may be found in Table 6. In this table it appears 
that the total number of cattle, including a few introduced for breed- 
ing purposes, imported in 1912 was 318,372; in 1913, 421,649; and 
in the first five months of 1914, 404,313. The imports of the five 
months are almost entirely from Mexico and Canada. 

The imported sheep of 1912 number 23,588; of 1913, 15,428; and 
for the first five months of 1914, 75,620, mostly from C^anada. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



27 



Puring the fii'st six montlis of the fiscal ^^ear 1914, the imports of 
beef and veal had a total of 33,045,364 pounds; of mutton and lamb, 
439,065 pounds; of pork, 286,871 pounds; of bacon and hams, 
116,130 pounds. The hnports for previous years were so small that 
they were not separately designated in the reports of the Depart- 
ment of Commerce. 

Table 6. — Imports, 191J, 19i-J, aiid total for 5 months, July-November, 1913. 



Corniiioditv. 



roni„ fDutiaWe, Jnlv-Peptetriber. 
I ame. . , j^^jj^ October-November. . . 



Canada. 

Mexico 

I'nited Kingdom . 

I'ota) 



oi,„Q,^ (Dutial3}fi, Julv-September. 
.'^neep. .■^ ,, j,^ October-NoTember. . . 

Canada 

Mexico 

ITnited Kingdom 



Quantity. 



Year ending June 30 — 



Number. Number. 



1,350 

315,227 

1,795 



391, 477 
981 



318,372 



421,649 



Total. 



Beef and veai ( July-Deiember) 

Mutton and iamb (.Vufiusl-Oecembei). 

Pork ( August-December) 

Bacon and hams (October-November). 
Sausaires, l)ologna: 

Denmark.. 

France 

Germany 

Italy...". 

Netherlands 

Mexico 



17,629 

5, 152 

802 

23, 588 



5 montlis, 
July- No- 
vember, 
1913. 




1,883 
73,030 



75,62« 



Pounds. 



Pounds. 



Pounds. 

Ii 33,645,364 

1 439, 065 

I t 286, 871 

' 1 116, 130 



34,023 ; 

11,015 I 

619,310 1 

C, 120 

33,832 I 
263,852 I 



Total (Juiy-December). . 



971,775 



728, 469 



' Total, six months, July to Dec«ml)er. July to November, from Department of Commerce; Deeembec, 
roiii Bureau of Animal Industry inspected meat report. 

INSPECTION OF IMPORTED MEATS. 

The new tariff act provides that imported meats and meat products 
shall ))e inspected by the Bureau of Anmial Industry of this depart- 
ment b<»fore being allowed to enter this country for consumption. 
The quantities of inspected meats and meat products imported from 
October 4 to December 31, 1913, are expressed m tabular form iu 
Tabl(> 7, with specification of the countries from which the imports 
were consigned. The meats are expressed as fresh and fi'ozen beef 
and veal, mutton, and pork; canned beef and veal, and other meats; 
cured beef and pork; sausage; oleo-stearin, and other meat products. 

The total number of pounds of meat and meat products imported 
and not coiulemned in October, 1913, was 6,000,735; in November, 
11,820,889; in December, 16,074,520 jwunds; total, three months, 
33,896,144 pounds. The condemned meat of the three months 
weighed 17,493 pounds. 



28 



FAKMEKS BULLETIN 575. 



The principal countries contributing to the total were, in order of 
magnitude of contributions, Argentina, Canada, and Australia. 
Table 7 may be examined for further d(^tails. 

Tablk 7. — Iniporlal meat and principal meat products from, principal countries, in- 
spected by the Bureau of Animal Industry, October to December, 191S. 



Moil 111 unci couniry from 
which eoTi signed. i 


Total 
not con- 
demned. 


Fresh and frozen. 


Canned. 


Beef and 
veal. 


Mutton. 


Pork. 


Beef and 
veal. 


other 
meats. 


1913. 
©clober: 


Pounds. 

2,115,864 

807, 604 

2,501,108 

15,272 

559, 843 

1,044 


Pounds. 
2, 069, 794 

653, 145 

2, 337, 272 

5,357 

559, 843 


Pounds. 


Po2mds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 




2,179 

958 

9,915 




152, 280 
25,3.38 






5,942 






















30 














Total 


6, 000, 735 


5,62.5,411 


13,052 


5,942 


177,648 








November: 

Ar},'pn(inu. 


4, 093, 836 

1,917,538 

5,625,402 

40, 8,58 

143,255 


3,98.8,898 

1,681,156 

4,811,998 

27.073 

179 


10,204 




31,025 
230,571 

36, 778 






5,811 


Canada 


5, 708 
13,785 
1,000 


174,019 


2,376 






1,499 


175 








Total . . 


11,820,889 


10,509,304 


30,697 


174,019 


299,873 


8,362 






Decem))er: 


10,354,674 

1,8.54,895 

2,601,273 

477, 2f.6 

129,279 

25,417 

■194,454 

137,262 


9, 440, 488 
1,289,143 
2,057,481 


237, 422 

80,918 
8,254 




1.30,176 

483,894 

8,366 








8S0 




132,243 


1,644 








293 

25,417 
494,454 






545 
























54 




13,360 


4, 673 










Total 


16,074,520 


13,307,276 


326,648 


132,243 


636,341 


7,197 






Month and oountrv from 


Cui 


•ed. 


Pan sage. 


Oleo 
.stearin. 


Other 

meat 

products. 


Con- 


which consi.Laied. 


Beef. 


Pork. 


demned. 


1913. 
October ; 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 
46,070 


Pounds. 


Pounds. 












795 




8, 575 


114,214 


3 




8,806 


3,870 






25 






250 


764 










1 




Total 


8,575 


114,464 


767 


46,070 


8,806 


4,690 






November: 








63, 709 




4f,2 












658 




114, 130 
170 


458,417 
16, 191 


90S 
13,371 




21,068 


13,049 




110,670 


IS 








Total 


114,300 


474,608 


14,279 


174,379 


21,068 


14,187 






December: 








546,588 


i 


816 








60 

2,545 


i 






149,004 

929 

70 


198, 164 




1 43,572 

1 


11,723 




476,337 






24,638 


103, 733 


1... .:.:....: 






1 


21 




1 






4,9-33 




7,300 


j 53, 163 


36, 205 


22,000 


; 507 








Total 


157,303 


j 275,965 


142,543 


1,044,925 


44,079 


17, 493 







THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



29 



OLD AND NEW TARIFF RATES. 

For its bearing on the siij^ply of meat and meat products from 
other countries a concise statement of the old and new tariff rates 
on meat animals and some of their products and on dairy products 
]ias l)een prepared and m-ay be found in Table 8. It mil be observed 
tliat tlu> meat animals may be imported free of duty and also all 
me;'.ts. whereas formerly rates of duty were provided. 

Taulk S. — Old iiml uen: tariff rates on nuat animals and on principal meat and meat- 
animal products. 



Commodity. 



Before Oct. 4, 191.3. 



Oct. 4, 1913, and after. 



Animals: 
Asses. 



(ioais. . 
Horses. 



Mules. 
.Sheep. 



.Swine 

Dairy products 

Butter 

Cheese 

Cream 

Milk 



Hides and skins, raw. 
Meat: 

Beef and ven!. . . . 



Mutton and lai)ib 
Pork 



.Sansage . 
Wool.... 



Breeding purposes and team.s of immi.ia'ants 
free; all other, 20 per cent ad valorem. 



Breedins purposes and teams of immigrants, 

free: all other: Less than 1 year, S2 per head; 

all other, worth not over SH, .$.3.75 per head; 

worth over S14, 274 per cent ad valorem. 

20 per cent ad valorem 

Breeding purposes and teams of immigrants, 

free: all other: Worth ^\M or less per head, S30; 

worth over $1.50, 2.5 jjer cent ad valorem. 



Same as horses 

Breeding purposes, free; all other: Less than 1 

year old, 75 cents per head; 1 year old and over, 

.?1..^0. 
Breeding i^urposes, free; all other, Sl.OT per head 



<) cents per pound 

do 

."i cents per gallon 

Fresh, 2 cents per gallon; condensed and evapo- 
rated. 2 cents per pound. 
Free 



Fresh lieef, U cents per pound; other beef, 2.5 
per cent ad valorem; veal, li cents per pound. 

lA cents per jiound 

Fresh, lA cents per pound; bacon and hams, -t 
cents ])er pound; other pork, 25 per cent ad 
valorem. 

Bologna, or frankfurter, free; other sausage. 25 
per cent ad valorem. 

Class 1 . clot hing, etc., wools: Unwashed, 11 cents 
per pound; washed, 22 cent.s; scouretl,33 cents. 
Class 2, combing, etc., wools: Unwashed, 12 
cents per pound; washe<l, 12 cents; scoured, 
3t> cents. C'lass 3: Valtie not over 12 cents per 
pound, 12 cents; over 12 cents, 21 cents. 



Breeding purpo.ses and teams 
of immigrants, free; all 
other, 10 per cent ad va- 
lorem. 

Free. 



Free. 

Breeding purpo.ses and teams 
of irrimigrants, ft-ee; all 
other, 10 per cent ad va- 
lorem. 

Same as horses. 

Free. 



Free. 

2'. cents ])er potmd. 
23 per cent ad valorem. 
Free. 
Free. 

Free. 

Free. 

I- ice. 



Free. 

Free on ;in<i after Drc.l. 1913. 



STOCKS OF POTATOES, JANUARY 1, 1914. 



COMPARISON WITH PRICES. 



Tlie yearly estimates of the amount of jiotatoes remaining in the 
growers' hands and the stocks in dealers' hands on January 1 in the 
important potato States indicate that a larger proportion of the 
marketable crop of potatoes was still in the hands of farmers on 
January 1, 1914, than had been the case for four years past. The pro- 
portion estimated to be in dealers' hands was smaller tlian for any 
year of the last four except January 1. 1912. The figures showed 
that tlie total estimated potato production of 1918 was below normal, 



30 farmers' bulletin 575. 

l)iit owing to the slow luovemeut of tlie crop ii]) to January 1 the 
supply for the remainder of the year will he almost n(jrmal. Distri- 
Inition, liowever, seems to be unusually uneven. Tlie holdings of 
jjotatoes are relatively large in the important producing States of 
Maine, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, and relatively small in 
New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illiuois, Iowa, and KaiLsas, which are im- 
portant both as potato-producing and potato-consuming States. 

In consequence of the firm holding by farmers, the price early in 
the season has been unusually high, being on Decem])er 1 about 17| 
cents per bushel higher than a year ago and IG^ cents higher than 
three years ago, but IH cents lower than two years ago, Avhcn potatoes 
on January 1 were selling for 77^ cents per bushel and the supply was 
unusually short, owing to the drought of the previous year. 

Present conditions do not seem to forecast material, if any, advance 
in prices in the important producing States this year; in 1911, when 
supplies v.'ere but moderately larger than now, and in 1913 the price 
movement after January 1 was downward instead of upward. The 
only other factor which may enter to change the expej'ience of 1911 
and 1913 is the somewhat different distribution of the crop which 
exists this ye&v. 

Southern growers who plant in the spring for the early market 
would seem to be justified from present conditions in putting out a 
normal acreage, but should not expect the l)ig advance in prices whicli 
prevailed two years ago. 

The estimates indicate that about 42.1 per cent of the marketable 
supph/ of potatoes of the 1913 crop remained in the hands of farmers 
and 9.5 per cent in the hands of dealers on January 1, in the important 
potato-growing Statics. These figures compare with 39.8 and 9.8 
per cent similarly estimated a year ago; 33.1 and 8.6 per cent two 
years ago; 40.2 and 10.9 per cent three years ago; and 41.2 and 9.9 
per cent four years ago. If, for the purpose of comparison, tliese 
percentages were applied to the estimates of total production, it 
would show total stocks of 123,000,000 bushels on January 1, 1914 
(ill tli(^ 19 States of Table 18), compared with 150,000,000 a year ago, 
91,000,000 tvv^o years ago, 133,000,000 tlu'ee years ago, and 142,000,- 
000 four j'^ears ago. These figures would indicate that the quantity 
to be carried toward tlie close of the season will not be sufficient 
to cause tlepressed prices, as was the case particularly four years ago 
(in some States last year also), nor, on the other hand, will they be so 
scant as to cause so high prices as prevailed in the spring of 1912. 

To show the relation between supplies and prices, Table IS is 
given, showing for the past four years the })roduction, stock on hand 
January 1, and the prices paid to j>roducers on December 1 and the 
following March 1, in th<^ important po tato-gro \sdng States. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



31 



OOMPAUISON WITH IMPORTS. 



The relation between imports of j)otatoes and production in this 
countiy may be observed in Table 9. In this table it appears at a 
glance that the extraordinary importation of nearly 14.000,000 
bushels of potatoes, in the year beginning July 1, 1911, was in 
consequence of the extraordinaiy low production of that year. 
When an unusually large crop was harvested in the following year, 
the imports fell to only 337,230 bushels. It is apparent, also, that 
the imports of potatoes already received in this fiscal year are un- 
usually large in comparison with the crop of 1913, which may be 
rated as low medium. 

Table 9. — Imports of potatoes. 



Year bc^iimiiiiK .lulv \- 



1009 

1910 

1911 

1912(prelirainaiv). 
1913 



MONTH, I'.tVi. 



July 

August 

September , 
October . . . 
Nuveiuber. 



Imports. 



353. 208 

218,984 

13, 734, t;95 

Si-. 230 



5.310 
10,411 

8,100 
472. 052 
764,829 



Value. 



United 

States 

prodiKtiou 

in calendar 

year. 



?306, 815 

235, 847 

7,10.=.,(;27 

303, 214 



4,314 

7,768 

5.61G 

202, 356 

346.079 



Bu^shels. 
389.195,000 
349,032,000 
292.737,000 
420.(J47,0(K) 
331.525,000 



WHEAT CROP OF THE "WORLD." 



NOW EXCEEDS 4,000,000,000 BUSHELS. 



A full Statement of the estimated area and production of wheat for 
1913 and also for the preceding two years, for aU countries of the 
world for which information is obtainable, may be found in Table 19. 
Estimates of tliis sort have been made b}' the Bureau of Statistics 
(Agricultural Forecasts) for many years. The numbers expressmg 
total production for these years have ])een assembled in Table 10. It 
appears that the world s production of wheat, as far as ascertain- 
able, was 2,432,000,000 bushels in 1S91; that the number reached 
3,000.000,000 in 1902, when the total was 3,090,000,000 bushels; 
and thai 4,000,000,000 was reached in 1913, when the total was 
4,126.000,000 bushels. 



B2 



FAEMERS BULLETIN 575. 



Table 10. — TvUd production of wheat in i-ountrles named in Tabic 19. 



Yew. 



189L 
1892. 
1«93. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
JOOL 
1902. 



Pjodiiction. 



BusheU. 

432, 322. 000 

481,805,000 

550,174,000 

660,557,000 

393,312,000 

500,320,000 

230, 268, 000 

948,306,000 

783,885,000 

640,751,000 

955,975,000 

090,116,000 



Year. 



Production. 



190;? 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 



Busheh. 

189,813,000 

163,542,000 

327,084,000 

434,354,000 

133,905,000 

182,105,000 

681,519,000 

575,055,000 

538, 794, 000 

877,087,000 

125,658 000 



CROP-VALUE COMPARISONS. 

The estimated total value of corn, wheat, oats, bailey, rye, buck- 
wheat, flaxseed, rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, hay, tobacco, and lint 
cotton are given in Table 1 1 ; values are farm values on December 1 as 
estimated by the Department of Agriculture, except for cotton. For 
cotton^ values for 1909 and 1911 are those given by the Bureau of the 
Census, Department of Commerce, for lint from the crops ginned in 
1909-10 and 1911-12, respectively; for 1912 and 1913 the December 
farm price for cotton was applied to the Department of Agriculture's 
preliminary estimate of the production of lint cotton in 19r2-1.3 and 
1913-14, respectively. 



Tablk U. 



Kffi'niuiti'd riiiac in 1913 of crops considered by the United Slates Department 
of Afjricnlture, iritk comparisons. 



Value of crops enumerated (000 
omitted). 



'I'exas 

Iowa 

Illinois 

(Jeorgia 

Ohio 

Minnesota 

Indiana 

Missouri 

Pennsylvania.. 
Nebraska 

Alabama 

Wisconsin 

North Carolina 

New York 

South Carolina. 



S400, 231 
327. 996 
295,046 
217, 753 
212,434 

194,178 
185,917 
174,620 
108, 998 
162, 078 

166, 175 
155, 465 
160, 203 
148, 767 
139. 076 



1912 



S409, 974 
284, 589 
290, 071 
164.573 
190, 821 

160,615 
153,750 
197, 470 
176,365 
141, 634 

132, 752 
139, 032 
132, 580 
152, 533 
116,020 



.•iS287, 2S7 
279, 238 
318.000 
199'. 669 
215, 866 

176, 759 
179, 556 
187,302 
164, 083 
153, 336 

135,083 
161,419 
122, 613 
161,785 
121.244 



1909 
(census). 



Value 
of all 
crops, 

1£09 
(census). 

(000 
omit- 
ted) 



$244, 721 
287, 065 
342, 861 
176,959 
197, 288 

168, 706 
181,234 
188, 524 
130, QIO 
173,512 

108, 095 
121.048 
102, 783 
132. 620 
109. 690 



.15298, 133 
314, 666 
372, 270 
226, 595 
230, 338 

193, 451 
204, 210 
220, 664 
166, 740 
196, 126 

144, 287 
148, 359 
142, 890 
209, 168 
141,983 



Value 

of 
enu- 
mer- 
ated 
crops, 
1909, 
com- 
pared 
with 
value 
of all 
crops. 



P.ct. 

82 
91 
92 
78 

86 



Hank of Staie. 



Enumer- 
ated 
crops. 



All 
crops. 



Vahip. 



1913 
com- 
pared 
with 
1912. 



P.ct. 
-2.4 
+ 15.3 
+ 1.7 
+ 32.3 
+ 11.3 

+20.9 
+ 20.9 
-11.6 
-4.2 

+ 14.4 

+ 17.6 
+ 11.8 
+ 13.3 
— 2. 5 
+ 19.9 



1913 
com- 
pared 
with 
1909. 



P.ct. 

+63.5 
+ 14.3 
-13.9 
+ 23.1 

+ 7.7 

+ 15.1 
+ 2.6 
-7.4 
+.30. 
-6.6 

+ 44.5 
+ 28.4 
+ 46.1 
+ 12.2 
+ 26.8 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



33 



Table 11. 



-Estimated value in 1913 of crops considord by tJie Unihd Slates Department 
of Agricull are, viik coinparisous- -( 'outimied. 



State. 



Mississippi 

Kansas 

Michigan 

Tennessee 

Oklahoma 

Xcntucky 

North Dakota . . 

Arkansas 

Virginia 

South Dakota. . 

i^alifornia 

Louisiana 

Washington 

Colorado 

■\Vest Virginia. . 

Montana 

Oregon 

Maine 

Idaho 

Maryland 

New Jersey 

Vermont 

Florida 

Comieotieut. . .. 

Massachusetts.. 

ITtah 

Wyoming 

NcAV Hampshire 

Nevada 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

])elavvare 

Rhode Island... 

United States 



Value of I 



rops enumerated, 
omitted.) 



1913 



130, 622 
124, 136 
122, 555 
114, 249 
111,532 

110,654 
105, 356 
103. 132 
100,807 
94, 397 

88, 897 
73, 335 
73, 2i6 
43,149 
42, 213 

41,214 
40, 069 
35,553 
35,294 
35, 089 

30, 33 
24,332 
19, 68K 
18,930 
18, 432 

17,698 
12,851 
11,201 
9, 980 
9,01 

8,818 
7,810 
2,451 



4,905,881 



] 14, 609 
182, H-:i 
116,209 
107. 490 
123, 733 

116,848 
155, 110 
97,312 
81,476 
99, 600 

101.609 
64,658 
68, 279 
38,846 
41,865 

40,419 
41,3 
35,573 
33, 499 

35, 83 

29,782 
26, 70 
16,99' 
21,543 
19, 555 

17,446 
13. 732 
11,9.38 
9.009 
7, 840 

7,511 
7,971 
2, 327 



4,735,425 



103, 565 
1.56, 713 
149, 148 
111,646 
8S, 674 

110,159 
130, 664 
92,421 
75, 613 
60,659 

105, 304 
58, 091 
75, 458 
35, .309 
31, 139 

40,207 
40, 691 
39, 670 
40, 019 
34,569 

28, 19:-! 
21, 158 
18, 203 
20,1 SI 
17,771 

15,969 
14,t)69 
11,977 
9, 257 
11,138 

7,448 
8,357 
2, 461 



1 4,632, 740 



1909 
(census). 



Value 
of all 
crops, 
1909 
(census). 
(000 
omit- 
ted.) 



107, 054 
189, 091 
114,808 
93,341 
112,344 

114,202 
168, 292 
86,611 
71.153 
109, 3.53 

71,994 
47,577 
64, 340 
31,416 

27, 749J 

22, .394 
33,140 

27, 836 

28, 816 
31,454 

23, 396 

18,5 

14,9.32 

14,872 

14,916 

13, 6,82 
7,508 
9, 233 
4,082 
5,591 

3,993 
6,543 
2, 030 



24,357,595 



147, 316 
214, 860 
162. 005 
120. 706 
1.33, 454 

1.38, 973 
180. 636 
119; 419 
100, 531 
125, .507 

153,111 
77, 336 
78, 92 
50.975 
40,375 

29, 715 
49,041 
39,318 
34,358 
43, 920 

40, .341 
27,447 
36, 142 
22, 488 
31, 948 

18,485 
10, 023 
15,976 
5,924 
8,922 

5,49' 
9,122 
3,93' 



5, 486, 615 



Value 

of 
enu- 
mer- 
ated 
crops, 
1909, 
com- 
pared 
with 
value 
of all 
crops. 



P.ct. 

73 

,S.8 
71 



Enumer- 
ated 
crops. 



All 
crops. 



28 
29 
30 

31 
32 
33 
34 
35 

36 
3 

38 
39 

40 

I 
4ll 
42| 

■43 
44 
45 



46 47 

47 44 

48 48 



1913 
com- 
pared 
with 
1912. 



P.ct. 

-t-14.0 
-32.1 
-t- 5.5 
-f 6.3 
-12.0 

- 5.3 
-32.1 
-t- 6.0 
+ 23.7 
-5.3 

-12.5 
-t-13.4 
-f 7.3 
-fll.l 
+ 0.8 



1913 
com- 
pared 
with 
1909. 



P.ct. 

+22.0 

-34.4 

+ C.7 
+22.4 



- 3.1 

-37.4 

+ 19.1 

+ 41.7 

- 13.7 

+ 23.5 
+ 51.1 
+ 13.8 
+ 37.3 
+ 52.1 



+ 2.0+ 81.0 

3. 2 + 2i). 9 

0.1+ 27.7 

+ 5.4 + 22.5 

- 2.11+ 11.6 

+ 1.9+ 29.7 

- 8.9+ 31.0 
+ 15.8+ 31.9 
-12.1+ 27.3 

- 5.7+ 23.6 

+ 1.4 + 29.4 

- 0.4 + 71.2 

- 6.2+ 21.3 
+ 10.8+144.5 
+ 15.0+ 61.3 



+ 17.4 
- 2.0 
+ 5.3 



+ 3.6 



+ 120.8 
+ 19.4 
+ 20.7 



+ 12.6 



' Includes $800,000 for cotton in Arizona, California, Kansas, Kentucky, and New Mexico, not distributed 
by States. 

2 Includes $150,00;} for cotton in Arizona, California, Kansas, Kentuckv, and New Mexico, not distributed 
by Stales. 



G. K. Holmes, 

Bureau of Statistics {AgncuUural Forecasts). 



34 



FAEMEKS BULLETIN i>75. 



Table 12. — Cattle other than, milch cows: Estimated iiumher on farms, and value, Jan. 
1, 1914, with comparisons, by States. 



state. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. . . 
Rhode I'iland . . . 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersej" 

Pennsj'lvania.. . 
Delavi'are 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virffinia... 
North Carolina. . 
South Carolina.. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

AVisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota. . . 
South Dakota... 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

AVyomtug 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

Californifi 

United States 



Numlj<?r (000 omitted). 



Jan. 1, 191-1 

(est.). 



Per 

cent.i 



98 
101 
100 

101 
100 
103 
103 
101 

99 
98 
100 
98 
98 

99 
96 
103 
103 
99 

101 
102 
103 
98 
96 

107 
102 
99 



91 
96 
94 
101 

ia3 

95 
95 
105 
IDS 
103 

103 
95 
101 
101 
101 

107 
lOi 



Total. 



165 
82 
11 



876 
68 

632 
19 

119 
450 
331 
365 
211 

660 
735 
838 
707 
1,216 

680 
1,158 
1,173 

2, 555 
1,386 

468 

912 

1,883 

1,565 

527 

498 
514 
490 
448 
5,173 

1.097 

• '475 

753 

546 

949 

918 
739 
356 
437 
354 

199 

470 

1,410 



Jan. 1, 
1913 

(est.). 



35, 855 



99 
66 
168 
81 
11 

71 
876 

66 
614 

19 

120 
459 
331 
372 
215 

667 
766 
814 
686 
1,228 

673 
1,135 
1, 139 

2.607 
1,444 

437 

894 

1,902 

1,778 

555 

530 
535 
521 
444 
5,022 

1,155 
500 
717 
506 
921 

891 
778 
352 
433 
340 

186 

452 

1,454 



36, 030 



Apr. 1." 
1910 
(cen- 
sus). 



100 
67 
165 



913 

69 

653 

19 

121 
503 
380 
392 
209 

674 
729 
933 

729 
1,391 

731 
1,207 
1,262 

3, 041 
1,705 

485 
1,165 
2,318 
2, 343 

591 

600 
540 
5&3 
526 
5, 921 

1,423 
602 
866 
734 
983 

1,031 
796 
336 
433 
368 

216 

552 

1,610 



41, 178 



Value per head, 
Jan. 1. 



$23. 40 
26.80 
21.10 
23. 10 
28.10 

27.90 
27.20 
30.50 
28.30 
29.20 

29.40 
27.60 
35.90 
17. 30 
14.90 

12.70 
13. 70 
35.40 
33. 90 
35.90 

28. 10 
27.10 
24.30 
39. 20 
36.10 

34.60 

39. 50 
38.10 
36.90 

28.80 

21.40 
12.00 
13.50 
15.30 
26. 50 

33.40 
15.80 
46.40 
49.40 

40. 00 

32.70 
32.50 
35. 50 
38. 90 
41.20 

35.70 
38.00 
33.00 



$21. 20 
24.00 
18.30 
19.90 
20.60 

22.50 

22. 00 
25.10 

23. 00 
23.80 

24.60 
23.20 
29.00 
14. 90 
14.20 

ILOO 
12.20 
29.80 
30.10 
31.50 

22.10 
2L70 
20.00 
33. 00 
31. 10 

27. 20 

32. 30 
32.40 
33.40 
25. 90 

16.90 
10.10 
10.40 
12.00 
22.60 

27.60 
12.20 
3S. 40 
38. 80 
34.10 

29.00 
29.20 
2S. 50 
33. 30 

33. 50 

30. .50 
32.00 
29. 20 



31.13 26.36 



$16.90 
20. 30 
14.40 
16.70 
17.50 

19.10 
18.20 
21.40 
19.20 
21.00 

21.10 
19.40 
22. 50 

12. 50 
12.00 

10.30 
10.30 
24. 10 
24.50 
26.40 

18.50 
16.40 
14. 30 

22.20 
22.60 

20. 50 
21.50 
21. 90 
23. 70 
19.90 

13. SO 
9.00 
8.40 

10. 30 
15.30 

19. 20 
9.00 
27.40 
26 40 
23.00 

17.40 
19. 30 
18. 30 
20. 70 
21.40 

10.90 
18. 50 
20.10 



Total value, Jan. 1 (000 
omitted). 



$2, 340 

1,742 

3,482 

1,894 

309 

2,009 
23, 827 

2, 074 
17,886 



3,499 
12, 420 
11,883 
6, 314 
3,144 

8, 382 
10, 070 
29, 665 
23,967 
43,654 

19,108 
31, 382 
28,504 
100, 1.56 
50, 035 

16, 193 
36, 024 
71, 742 

57, 748 
15, 178 

10,657 
6,168 
6, 615 

6, 854 
137, 0.S4 

36, 640 
7.505 
34,939 
26, 972 
37, 960 

30,019 
24,018 
12, 638 
16, 999 
14,585 

7,104 
17,860 
46,530 



1,116,333 



$2, 099 
L584 
3,074 

1,612 



1,598 
19,272 

1, 6.57 

14, 490 

452 

2,952 
10, 649 
9, .599 
5, 543 
3,053 

7,337 
9,345 

24,257 
20,619 
38, 682 

14, 873 
24, 630 
22, 780 
86,031 
44, 008 

11,886 
28,876 
61, 625 
.59, 385 
14,374 

8, 957 
5,404 
5,418 
5,328 
113, 497 

31,878 
6,100 
27, 533 
19, 633 
31,406 

25, 839 
22.718 
lO; 032 
14,419 
11,390 

5,673 
14, 464 
42, 457 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1913. 

2 Based on census numbers on .Vpr. 15 and the Department oi .Agriculture's estimated farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



Table 13. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 

-Milch cows: Estimuted number on farms, and valiif, 
comparisons, by States. 



35 

Jan. 1, 1914, irllh 



Xumljer (000 omitted). 



A'alue per head, 
Jan. 1. 



Maine 

New Hampshire. . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Missi^sippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United Slates 



Jan. 1, 1914 
(est.). 



Per 
cent.' 



101 

100 

100 

98 

99 

102 
100 
100 
100 
103 

101 
99 
101 



100 
104 
102 
101 
101 

100 
103 
1C3 
101 
100 

110 

109 
101 
100 



95 

98 
97 
97 
103 

100 
96 
110 
114 

108 

110 
108 
103 
108 
110 

107 
105 
101 



159 
95 
265 
162 
23 

120 

1,465 

146 

943 

39 

170 
342 
232 
309 
185 

402 
128 
886 
640 
1,017 



1,549 

1,163 

1.350 

789 

305 
419 
613 

698 
382 

348 

388 

421 

263 

1,065 

484 

376 

104 

41 

186 

62 
37 
88 
22 
112 

234 
196 
515 



Jan. 1, 
1913 

(est.). 



157 
96 
265 
165 
23 

118 

1,465 

146 

943 

38 

168 
345 
230 
312 

185 

402 
123 

869 

634 

1,007 

798 
1,504 
1,129 
1.337 

789 

277 
384 
607 
698 
390 

366 
396 
434 
271 
1.034 

484 

392 

95 

36 

172 

56 
34 
85 
20 
102 

219 

187 
510 



\pr. 15, 
1910 
(cen- 
sus). 



20, 737 20, 497 



157 
101 
265 



$47. 50 
53. 50 
47.50 
172 ! 59. 00 
23 70.00 



123 

1,510 

154 

934 

36 

167 
356 
240 
309 

181 

406 
116 
905 
634 
1,050 

767 
1,473 
1 , 085 
1.407 

856 

259 
370 
614 
736 
410 

397 
392 
430 
279 
1.014 

531 
426 

77 
33 
145 

51 
29 
76 
17 
86 

186 
173 

467 



5S.0O 
57.00 
67.00 

58. 40 
52.00 

53.80 
42. CO 
50. 00 
35. 10 
34.20 

31.30 
38. 00 
60. DO 
53.90 
58.20 

59.70 

59. 90 
55.00 
60.50 
54. 00 

59.00 
61.00 
60.70 
57. .50 
44.50 

41.40 
32.40 
34.00 
34.00 
45.60 

50.30 
37.50 
70.50 
74. 50 
63. 00 

55.00 
64.00 
59.00 
65.10 
69.80 

74.00 
6.5.00 
62.00 



53. 94 



1913 



S46. 00 
48.00 
44. 50 
51.00 
52.50 

51.70 
50.00 
55.20 
46.60 
42.20 

42.60 
34.00 
42.00 
30.10 
32.50 

28. 50 
36. CO 
50.00 
45. 70 
51.00 

45. 00 
47.70 
45.00 
50. 30 
45. 30 

47.00 
48.00 
49.60 
49.20 
38.80 

33.10 
27.00 
27.70 
29.00 
39.90 

43.00 
28.60 
61.00 
58.00 
53. SO 

47.80 
58.00 
49.00 
52.00 
59.60 

62. .50 
.56. 00 
53.50 



S33. 00 
36. 20 
34.20 
42.00 
43. 80 

41.00 
39.50 
47.50 
39. 00 
38.00 

37.30 

29.70 
35.00 
25.50 
28. 90 

25.00 
32.50 
42.80 
41.00 
42.80 

39.50 
36.60 
33.00 
36.00 
34.80 

33.90 
33.00 
35.00 
36.90 
32.70 

27.50 
23.00 
23. 50 
24.30 
29. 50 

31..^0 
22.00 
46.50 
43.70 
41.00 

38.80 
43.00 
34.00 
44.00 
41.40 

41.80 
39. 60 
38.40 



Total value, Jan. 1 
omitted). 



S7,552 
5, 136 

12,58.8 
9,558 
1,610 

6,960 
83,505 

9,782 
55,071 

2,028 

9,146 
14,364 
11,600 
10,846 

6,327 

12,-583 
4,864 
53, 160 
34, 496 
59, 189 

47.641 
92,785 
63, 965 
81,675 
42,606 

17.995 
25. 5.59 
37,209 
40. 135 
16, 999 

14.407 
12, .571 
14,314 
8.942 
48. 564 

24. 345 
14, 100 
7.332 
3,054 
11,718 

3,410 
2, 368 
5,192 
1,432 

7, 818 

17.316 
12, 740 
31.930 



1,118,487 



$7,222 
4,608 

11,792 
8, 415 
1,208 

6, 101 

73. 250 
8,059 

43, 944 
1,604 

7,157 
11,730 
9,660 
9,391 
6,012 

11,457 
4,428 
43, 450 
28,974 
51,357 

35,910 
71,741 
50, 805 

67. 251 
35. 742 

13.019 
18,432 
30, 107 
34. 342 
15. 132 

12.115 
10. 692 
12, 022 

7.8-59 
41,257 

20, 812 
11.211 
5. 795 
2.088 
9,254 

2,677 
1,972 
4, 165 
1,040 
6. 079 

13,688 
10. 472 
27, 285 



922, 783 



1910 a 



$5, 181 
3,656 
9,063 
7,224 
1^007 

5,043 

59,645 
7,315 

36,426 
1,368 

6,229 
10,573 
8,400 
7,880 
5,231 

10, 150 
3,770 
38, 734 
25,994 
44, 940 

30,2% 
53,912 
35,805 
50, 652 
29. 789 

8,780 
12, 210 
21,490 

27. 158 
13, 407 

10.91S 
9,016 

10,105 
6.780 

29, 913 

16, 726 
9,372 
3,580 
1,442 
5,945 

1,979 
1,247 
2, 584 
748 
3,560 

7.775 
6,851 
17. 933 



727, 802 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1913. 

- Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agiiculture's estimated farm value per head 
Jan. 1, 1910. 



36 



FAEMEES' BULLETIN 575. 



Table ]4. — Sheep: Estimated 7iuiiibcr o/fanns, and value, Jan. 1. 1914. vithromparisons, 

by States. 



stale. 



MaLtie 

New Hampshiie . . . . 

Vermont 

Massacliiiset Is 

Khodc Island 

('ounocticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virf^inia 

W'Ast Virginia , 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Ooorgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Nortl> Dakota 

■South Dakota 

Ne))raska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

lyouisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkausas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States 



Number fOOO omitted). 



Jan. 1, 1914 
(e-st.) 



Perct.i 



95 
92 
95 
90 
100 

97 
100 
99 
97 
100 

99 
98 
96 

9S 



98 
99 
95 
94 
95 

99 
96 
100 

100 
95 

95 
104 

98 
100 

90 



94 
97 
105 
96 

105 
95 
84 

100 
96 

92 
102 

99 
102 
101 

101 
101 
98 



Total. 



177 
39 

111 
31 



20 
875 

31 
839 

8 

223 
735 

788 
177 
33 

166 

118 

3,263 

1,238 

984 

2,118 

789 

570 

1,249 

1,568 

278 
617 
374 
316 
1,267 



124 

202 

180 

2,052 



124 
4,293 
4,472 
1,668 

3,036 
1,601 
1,970 
1,517 
2,981 

50(1 
2,670 
2,551 



49,719 



Jan. 1, 
1913 
(est.). 



186 
42 

117 
34 



21 

875 
31 
865 



225 
750 
821 
ISl 
34 

169 

119 

3,435 

1,317 

1,036 

2, 139 

822 

570 

1,249 

1,650 

293 
593 
382 
316 
1,320 

724 
132 
208 
171 
2,073 

71 

130 

5,111 

4,472 

1,737 

3,300 
1,570 
1,990 
1,487 
2,951 

501 
2,644 
2,603 



61,482 



Apr. 
15, 1910 
(cen- 
sus). 



206 
44 

119 
33 



22 
930 
31 

883 

8 

237 
805 
910 
214 

38 

188 

114 

3.909 

1,337 

1,060 

2. 306 

930 

6:58 

1,146 

1,811 

293 
611 
294 
272 
l,3ti3 

795 
143 
195 
178 
1,809 

62 

144 

5,. 381 

5,397 

1,426 

3,347 
1,227 
1,827 
1,155 
3,011 

470 
2, 699 
2,417 



52,448 



Value per head, Jan. 1- 



«4. .30 
4.40 
4.80 
5.30 
5.40 

5.40 
5.40 
5.60 
4.90 
5.10 

5.00 
4.50 
4.30 
3.20 
2.60 

2.10 
1.90 
4.30 
4.90 
5.00 

4.60 
4.70 
4.40 
5.30 

4.20 

4.20 
4.00 
4.50 
4. 50 
4.20 

3.40 
2.40 
2.30 
2.20 
2.90 

4.00 
2.60 
3.70 
4.10 
3.70 

3.00 
3.60 
3.90 
4.50 
4.20 

4.40 
3. 90 
3.80 

4.04 



S4. 20 
4.90 
4.60 
4.80 
5.10 

5.20 
5.00 
5.30 
5.00 
4.70 

4.60 
4.00 
4.30 
3.10 
2.80 

1.90 
2.10 
4.10 
4.60 
5.10 

4.30 
4. .50 
4.40 
5. 10 
4.20 

3.90 
4.10 
4.40 
4.00 
4.00 

3.10 
2.10 
2.20 
2.00 
2.90 

3.60 
2.40 
3.70 
4.10 

3.60 

3.10 
3.70 
4.10 

4.00 
4.00 

4.20 
3.80 
3.70 



$3.70 
3.70 
4.00 
4.20 
4.20 

4.70 
5.00 
5.20 

4.80 
4.60 

4.70 
3.90 
4.30 
2.60 
2.40 

2. 20 
2.00 
4.80 
5.20 
5.:30 

4.70 
4.50 
4.00 
5. 30 
4.40 

4.00 
4.00 
4.40 
4.70 
4.00 

3.40 
2.00 
1.90 
1.90 
2.90 

3.30 
2.30 
4.20 
4.40 
3.80 

2.90 
3.70 
4.10 
3.70 
4.70 

3.90 
3.70 
3.30 



Total value, Jan. I (000 
omitted;. 



$761 
172 
533 
164 

38 

108 
4,725 

174 

4,111 

41 

1,115 
3.308 

3,388 

566 

86 

349 

224 

14,031 

6,066 

4,920 

9,743 
3. 708 
2, 508 
6, 620 
6,586 

1,168 
2, 468 
1,683 
1,422 
5,321 

2,339 
298 
465 
396 

5,951 

300 

322 

15,884 

18,335 

6,172 

0,108 
5,764 
7,683 
6, 826 
12, 520 

2,226 
10,413 
9, 094 



4.12 200,803 



8781 

206 

538 

163 

36 

109 
4, 375 

164 
4,325 

38 

1,035 

3,000 

3,530 

561 

95 

321 

250 

14, 084 

6, 058 

5, 2S4 

9,198 
3. 699 
2, .508 
6,370 
6,930 

1,143 
2,431 
1,681 
1,454 
5,280 

2,244 
277 

458 

342 

0,012 

256 

312 

18,911 

18,335 

6,253 

10, 230 
5,809 
8,159 
5,948 

11,804 

2,104 
10,047 
9,t>31 



202, 779 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1913. 

- Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



37 



Table 15. — Su-int: Eatimaled number on. /amis, and lalin 
comparisons, by States. 



Jan. 1. 1914, icith 



Statp. 



Maine 

New Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 



Conneoticiit 

Hew York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania... 
Dclav.are 



Mary land 

Virginia 

West \irginia. . 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia . 
Florida. . 
Ohio.... 
Indiana . 
lULnois. . 



Michigan.. 
Wisconsin. 
Minnesota. 

Iowa 

Missouri... 



North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee. . 
Alabama. . . 
Mississippi. 
Louisiana . . 
Te.xas 



Oklahoma.. 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming. . . 
Colorado 



New Mexico . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 



Washington. 

Ore;;on 

California. . . 



Number (ndO omitted ). 



Value per head, Jan. 1 



Jan. 1, 1914 i 

(est-)- I Jan. 1, 

1913 
(est.). 
Per ct.i Total 



United States. 



96 
98 
99 
92 
100 

99 
99 
99 
100 
100 

99 
104 
103 
102 
102 

103 
103 
102 
107 
101 

100 
101 
84 
80 
104 



8.5 
90 
92 

03 
102 
99 
99 
105 

102 
9S 
120 
125 

100 

108 
105 
105 
104 
108 



97 
51 
lOG 
106 
14 



753 

158 

1.130 

58 

332 
869 
367 
1,362 
780 

1,945 
904 
3, 467 
3,969 
4,358 

1,313 
2.050 
1,430 
6,976 
4,250 

428 
1,039 
3, 228 
2,350 
1,507 

1,390 
1,485 
1,467 
1,398 
2,618 

1,352 
1.498 

184 
51 

205 

56 
24 
85 
33 
252 



110 284 

112 300 

97 I 797 



96.3 58,933 



101 
52 
107 
115 
14 

58 

761 

160 

1,1.30 

58 

335 
836 
356 
1.335 
765 

1,888 
878 
3,399 
3,709 
4,315 

1,313 
2,030 
1,702 
8,720 
4,087 

366 
1,181 
3,798 
2,611 
1,638 

1,495 
1,456 
1,482 
1,412 
2,493 

1,325 

1,529 

153 

41 

205 



2:j 

81 
32 
233 

258 
268 
822 



Apr 
15, 1910 
(cen- 

.sus) 



Tolal value, Jan. 1 (000 
omitted). 



61, 178 



87 
45 
95 
103 
14 



tiGn 

147 

978 

49 

302 
798 
328 
1.228 
665 

1.784 
810 
3, 106 
3,614 
4, 686 

1,240 
1,809 
1,520 
7, 646 
4,438 

332 
1,010 
3,436 
3,000 
1,492 

1,388 
1,267 
1,292 
1,328 
2,336 

1, 519 
99 
34 
179 

46 
17 
64 
23 



$15. SO 
14.80 
14.10 
14.50 
15.20 

16.30 
14. 50 
13.60 
13. 80 
10.30 

10.50 
8.30 
10.10 



206 
218 

767 



$12. 90 
12.70 
12.20 
13.00 
14.50 

14.00 
12.60 
13. 00 
12. .50 
11.20 

9.80 
7.00 
9.00 



58, 186 



9.00 


7.70 


9.10 


8.50 


8.20 


7.10 


6.00 


5.90 


11.30 


10.80 


10. .30 


9.80 


10.80 


10.50 


12.30 


10.80 


13. 00 


11.60 


14.00 


12.70 


12. 60 


12.00 


8.50 


8.50 


13.20 


13. 70 


11.30 


11.00 


11.80 


11.40 


10.00 


10.40 


7.70 


7.10 


8.50 


7.40 


8.50 


6.80 


8.10 


6.90 


8.00 


7.fX) 


8.60 


8.40 


8.40 


8.90 


7.40 


6.70 


11.90 


11.90 


12.40 


11.00 


10.50 


11.00 


10.10 


9.60 


9.60 


11.50 


10.90 


11.00 


12.60 


11.00 


10.70 


10. 30 


12.70 


11.30 


11.00 


9.50 


10.50 


9.20 


10.40 


9.86 



S11.50 
11.60 
10.00 
11,50 
12.50 

12.50 
11.. 50 
12.00 
9.60 
8.70 

8.90 
6. 50 
7.70 
7.20 
7.20 

7.00 

4. 80 
10.70 
10.00 
10.90 

10.50 
11.80 
11.50 
11.30 
7.90 

11.00 
11.10 
11.00 
10.00 
6.80 

6. .50 
6.00 

5. .50 
5.50 
6.60 

7.70 
4.80 
10/10 
8.50 
9.50 

8.50 
9. ,50 
9.00 
9.00 
8.70 

9.40 
8.20 
8.20 



.«1.533 

'755 

1,495 

i;537 

213 

929 
10,918 
2,149 
15. 594 

597 

3.486 
7,213 
3, 707 
12,258 
7,098 

15,94(> 
5, 424 
39,177 
40,881 
47,066 

16. 1.50 
26, MO 
20,020 
87,898 
36, 125 

5, 650 
11,741 
38,090 
23,500 
11,604 

11,815 
12, 622 
ll,8.s:i 
11,184 
22, 515 

11,357 
11,0N5 

2, 190 
632 

2,152 

566 
230 
926 
416 
2,696 

3,607 
3,300 
8,368 



9.17 612,951 



$1,303 j 

660 

1,305 

1,495 

203 

812 
9,589 
2,080 
14,125 

650 

3.283 
5,852 
3,204 
10,280 
6,502 

13,405 
5,180 
36, 709 
36,. 348 
45,308 

14,180 
23,548 
21,615 
104,640 
34, 740 

5,014 
12,991 
43, 297 
27, 154 
11,630 

11,063 
9,901 

10, 226 
9,884 

20, 941 

11,792 
10, 244 

1,821 
451 

2,256 

499 
264 
891 
362 
2,400 

2,915 
2,546 
7,562 



19102 



$1,000 

518 

950 

1,184 

175 

050 
7,659 
1,764 
9.291 

426 

2, 088 
5,187 
2,526 
8,842 
4,788 

12,488 
3,888 
33,234 
36,140 
51,077 

13, 083 
21,340 
17,480 
85,270 
35, 060 

3,652 
11,211 
37, 796 
30,000 
10, 146 

9,022 
7,602 
7,106 
7,304 
15, 418 

14,160 

7,291 

1,000 

289 

1,700 

391 
162 
576 
207 
1,549 

1,9.36 
1,788 
6,289 



533,309 



' Compared v.ith Jan. 1, 1913. 

* 15a?ed on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agi'ieulture's estimated farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



38 



farmers' bulletin 575. 



Table Hi.— Horses: Estimated numhcr on farms, and value, Jan. 1. 1914. ^cith 

comparisons, by States. 



Nivmlser (000 omiltedj. 



Maine 

New Hampshit'e 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 
Rhode island . . . 

Connecticut... . 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . .. 
Dciu r/are 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Vii-ginia... 
North Carolina . . 
South Carolina. . 



Georgia . 
Florida . 
Ohio.... 
Indiana . 
Illinois.. 



Michigan... 
Wisconsin . . 
MLniiesota.. 

Iowa 

Missouri . . . 



Novlh Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Jan. 1, 1914 

(est.). 



Per 
ct.i 



111 
102 
10.^ 
101 
103 

100 
101 
101 
101 

102 

101 
103 
103 
102 
102 

102 
104 
101 
101 
101 

102 
102 
103 
101 
101 

lOo 
104 
102 
101 
100 



Tennessee 99 

Alabama 102 

Mississippi 102 

Louisiana 102 

Texas 103 



Oklahoma . 
Arkansas... 
Montana . . 
Wyoming. 
Colorado . . 



New Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada , 

Idaho 



Washirigton. . 

Oregon 

California 



United States. 



101 
101 
ia5 
109 
105 

103 
104 
104 
102 
105 

102 
103 
99 



111 
47 
.S8 
65 
10 

47 
(il5 
91 

584 
35 

165 
350 
190 
180 



901 

854 
1,497 



847 
1,584 
1,095 

748 

730 

1,048 

1,110 

443 

34C. 
149 
241 
191 

1,216 

766 
273 
372 
171 
340 

197 
112 
140 



305 
301 

498 



Jan. 1, 
1913 

(est.). 



Apr. 15 
1910 
(cen- 
sus). 



110 
46 
84 
64 
10 

47 
609 

90 
578 

34 

163 
340 
184 
176 
83 

125 
53 
892 

846 
1.482 

640 

665 

822 

1,568 

1.084 

712 

702 

1,027 

1.099 

443 

350 
146 
236 
187 
1,181 

758 
270 
354 
157 
324 

191 
108 
135 
75 
223 

299 
292 
503 



20,567 



108 
46 
81 
64 
9 

46 
591 

89 
550 



156 
330 
180 
166 
80 

120 

46 

910 

814 

1.453 

610 

615 

753 

1,492 

1,073 

651 

669 

1,008 

1.147 

443 

350 
136 
216 
181 
1,170 

743 
255 
316 
156 
294 

179 
100 
116 
68 
198 

281 
272 

469 



Value per head, Jan. 1. 



$150, 00 
137. 00 
129. 00 
161.00 
156.00 

153.00 
145. 00 
157. 00 
139.00 
106, 00 

119.00 
114. 00 
122. 00 
139. 00 
144. 00 

131.00 
122. 00 
132. 00 
116.00 
113, 00 

139. 00 
136. 00 
'•25.00 
118.00 

98,00 

112.00 

m. 00 

94. 00 
93.00 
103.00 

116.00 

113.00 

95.00 

85.00 

80.00 

85. 00 
93.00 
102, 00 
79. 00 
83,00 

55.00 
73.00 
91.00 
78.00 
96. 00 

lot'). 00 
96. 00 
100. 00 



19, 833 



1913 



.$139. 00 
123.00 
127. 00 
14(3.00 
144, 00 

141. 00 
137, 00 
147, 00 
133.00 
i02, 00 

116.00 
ID6. 00 
116.00 
128.00 
140. 00 

123.00 
118.00 
130. 00 
117.00 
120. 00 

137. 00 
131.00 
123.00 
120.00 
101.00 

124.00 
105. 00 
101.00 
103.00 
104.00 

115.00 

106.00 

92.00 

87.00 

82.00 

84.00 
80.00 
93.00 
76.00 
87.00 

58.00 
78.00 
93.00 
87.00 
100, 00 

110,00 
99,00 
109.00 



Total value, Jan. 1 (000 
omitted). 



1910 



110. 77 



$125.00 
103. 00 
106. 00 

128, 00 

129. 00 

123.00 
125. 00 
134. 00 
132. 00 
106. 00 

108. 00 
i07. 00 
112.00 
121.00 
127.00 

125. 00 
109. 00 
129. 00 
122, 00 
124, 00 

126. 00 
121.00 
111.00 
120.00 
103.00 

114,00 
105.00 
108. 00 
107.00 
105.00 

112.00 
95.00 
85.00 
79.00 
7:5.00 

81.00 
82.00 
80. 00 
83.00 
85,00 

47.00 
62.00 
8-5. 00 
78.00 
102, 00 

108. 00 
103.00 
105. 00 



$16, 650 

6,439 

11,. 352 

10, 465 

1.560 

7,191 

89. 175 
14, 2S7 

81. 176 
3,710 

19, 635 
39, 900 
23,180 
25,020 
12, 240 

16, 768 

6, 710 

118. 932 

99, 064 
169, 161 

90,767 
92, 208 
105, 875 
186,912 
107,310 

Si. 776 
70, 080 
98,512 
103, 230 
45,629 

40,136 
16,837 
22, 895 
16, 235 
97, 280 

65,110 
25.389 
37, 944 
13, 509 

28, 220 

10, 8:55 
8,176 

12,740 
5,928 

22, 464 

32, 330 
28,896 
49, 800 



2, 291, 638 



$15,290 

5,658 

10,668 

9,344 

1,440 

6,627 
83,433 
13.230 

76, 874 
3,468 

18, 908 
36,040 
21,344 
22, 528 
11,620 

15, 375 

6,254 

115,960 

98, 982 
177,840 

87,680 
87,115 
101,106 
188, 160 
109, 484 

88, 288 

73. 710 

103, 727 

113, 197 

46, 072 

40, 250 
15,476 
21,712 
16, 2G9 
96, 842 

63, 672 
24,030 
32, 922 
11.932 
28, 188 

11.078 
8,424 

12, 555 
6,525 

22, 300 

32, 890 
28, 908 
54, 827 



2, 278, 222 



$13, 500 
4,876 
8,588 
8,192 
1,161 

5,796 
73,875 
11,925 
72,600 

3, 498 

16,848 
35,310 
20,160 
20,086 
10, 160 

15,000 

5,014 

117.390 

99,308 
180, 172 

76,860 
74, 415 
83.58:3 
179, 040 
110,519 

74, 214 
70,245 
108, 864 
122,729 
46, .515 

39,200 
12,920 
18,360 
14,299 
85, 410 

60, 183 
20,910 
25,280 
12,948 
24,990 

8,413 
6,200 
9,800 
5.304 

20, 196 

30,348 
28,016 

49,245 



2,142,524 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1913. 

2 Based on Census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of .Vgriculture's estimated faim value per 
head Janl. 1910. 



THE AGBICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



39 



Tahlk 17. — Mules: Estimated number on farms and value, 

parisons, by States. 



Jan. 1, 1914. with com- 



Nuruher (000 omitted). 



Jan. 1, 19U 
(est.). 



I Perct.t Total 



Maine 

New Hampsliire . 
Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 



Jan. 1, 
1913 

(est.). 



Vahie per heaii Jan. I. 



Total vahje, Jan. 1 
(.000 omitted). 



Apr. 

15,1910 
(cen- 
sus). 



1914 I 1913 



Connecticut... 

New York 

New Jersey . . . 
Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia . . . 
Florida... 

Ohio 

Indiana... 
Illinois 



Michigan.. 
Wisconsin. 
Minnesota. 

Iowa 

Missouri. . . 



North Dakota. 
South r'ukola. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee. . . 

Alaliama 

Mississippi. . 
Louisiana.. . 
Texas 



Oklahoina. 

Arkansas. . 
Moiituna... 
Wyoming.. 
Colorado. .. 



New Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 



Washington. 

Oregon 

California. . . 



United States 



102 
102 
102 
103 

103 
102 
100 
103 
102 

103 
104 
100 
102 
99 

102 
100 
102 
102 
100 

103 
102 
100 
100 
100 

98 
103 
102 

99 
104 

100 
101 
101 
105 

102 

100 
111 

100 

no 

104 

103 
104 
100 



4 

4 

45 

i> 

24 
«1 
12 

192 
171 

319 
27 
24 
8fi 

148 

4 
3 
() 



8 

14 

84 

222 

229 

270 
278 
286 
132 
75:j 

269 
235 

4 



4 

4 

44 



23 

00 
12 

180 
108 

310 
20 
24 
84 

149 

4 

3 



50 

326 

8 

14 

84 

222 

229 

276 
270 
280 
133 
724 

269 
233 

4 
2 
17 



23 
60 
12 
175 
156 

295 
23 

23 
82 
148 



343 

8 
12 
8:j 



276 
247 
25(> 
132 
676 



222 
4 
2 
15 

15 
4 
2 
.3 
4 

12 
10 

70 



$154. 00 
177.00 
148.00 
126.00 

143.00 
130. 00 
131.00 
100.00 
167.00 

161.00 
168. 00 
132.00 
121.00 
121.00 

133. 00 
135. 00 
134. 00 
123.00 
112.00 

130.00 
110.00 
105.00 
105.00 
118.00 

127 00 
135. 00 
115.00 
128.00 
109.00 

104.00 
114.00 
106.00 
113.00 
101.00 

92.00 
144.00 
82.00 
79.00 
103.00 

116.00 
107.00 
120.00 



S157.0O |$132. 00 
169. 00 t 155. 00 
149.00 I 145.00 
125. 00 125. 00 



4,380 



4,210 



123.85 



142. 00 
128. 00 
120.00 
148.00 
171.00 

151.00 
152. 00 
131.00 
122.00 
131.00 

139. 00 
131.00 
128.00 
124.00 
117.00 

141.00 
118.00 
112.00 
114.00 
120.00 

129.00 
131.00 
114.00 
127.00 
110.00 

107.00 
115.00 
109.00 
109.00 
104.00 

90.00 
119.00 
92.00 
95.00 
108.00 

117.00 
107.00 
130.00 



124.31 



1.30. 00 
130.00 
120. 00 
137. 00 
158.00 

157.00 
155.1)0 
125. 00 
126.00 
131.00 

122.00 
115.00 
114. 00 
123.00 
119.00 

130.00 
121.00 
119.00 
116.00 
118.00 

123.00 
122.00 
113.00 
116.00 
99.00 

lOo.OO 
109.00 
102. tK) 
106.00 
105.00 

79.00 
108. 00 
80.00 
79.00 
116.00 

121.00 
108.00 
122.00 



120.20 



S616 

70S 

6,660 

756 

3.432 

8,290 

1,572 

30, 720 

28,557 

51,359 
4,530 
3, If* 
10,406 
17,908 

532 

405 

804 

7,011 

36, 512 

1.040 

1,540 

8, 820 

23,310 

27,022 

34,290 
37,530 
32, 890 
16,8<>6 
82,077 

27,976 

26,790 

424 

226 

1,717 

1,.380 
864 
164 
237 
412 

1,624 
1,070 
8,760 



551,017 



S628 

676 

6.556 

7.50 

3,260 

7,080 

1,512 

27,. 528 

28, 728 

Hi, 810 
3,952 
3,144 
10,248 
19,519 

550 

.393 

768 

0,944 

38,142 

1,128 

1,652 

9,408 

2.i, 308 

27,480 

35,()04 
35.370 
31,920 
16,891 
79,640 

28,783 

26, 795 

4.36 

218 

1,768 

1,350 
595 
184 
285 
-432 

1,6.38 
1,070 
9,490 



545,245 



S528 

620 

6, 380 

750 

2,990 

7,800 

1,440 

23,975 

24.648 

46,315 
3,565 
2,875 
10, 332 
19,388 

488 

345 

684 

6,888 

40,817 

1,040 

1,452 

9,877 

24,128 

26, 550 

33,948 
30, 134 
28,928 
15,312 
66,924 

26,985 

24, 198 

408 

212 

1, 575 

1,185 
432 
160 

237 
464 

1,452 
1,080 
8, .540 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1913. 

2 Based on Census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



40 



FARMERS BULLETIN 575. 
Table 18. — S'tocks of potutois, Jan. 1, 1914. 



state and vear. 



New England: 

1913-14 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11.... 

1909-10. . . . 
Now York: 

1913-14. . . . 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-U.... 

1909-10 

Pounsylvania: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11.... 

1909-10. . . . 
New Jer.sov: 

1913-14 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11.... 

1909-10.... 
Ohio: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12 

1910-11.... 

1909-10. . . . 
Indiana: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-1.1 

1909-10. . . . 
IHinoLs: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11.... 

1909-10.... 
Michisan: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11 

1909-10.... 
Wisconsin: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11.... 

1909-10.... 
Minnesota: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11.... 

1909-10.... 
Iowa: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11.... 

1909-10. . . . 
Nebraska: 

1913-14.... 

1912-13.... 

1911-12.... 

1910-11.... 

1909-10.... 



Total 
produc- 
tion, 
bushels 
(000 
omiited) 



Stock in growers' 
hands, Jan. 1. 



Per cent 
of crops. 



Bushels 

(000 
omitted). 



17, 874 
17,084 
14,844 
21,772 
20, 623 

14,630 
17, 935 
9,712 
19, 339 
20,897 

8,854 
9.532 
3,478 
7,986 
6,522 

534 
1,292 

308 
1,188 
1,611 

2, 652 
6, 459 
3,088 
0, 199 
6, 503 

1,200 
3,075 
l,i;5G 
2, 770 
3,117 

1,218 
2, 352 
1,380 
3,066 
3, 650 

16.964 
18,742 
12,718 
15, 802 
19, 604 

17,066 
14,809 
12,018 
12, 768 
14,386 

11,174 
13, 561 
8,280 
4,563 
12, 061 

1,440 
5,879 
1.931 
2,477 

4,560 

1,539 
3, 021 
1,508 
2, 070 
2, 679 



Stock in dealers' 
hands, Jan. 1. 



Per cent 
of crops. 



Bushels 

(000 
omitted). 



Total 
stock, 
bushels 

(000 
omitted) 



4,388 
2,491 
1,856 
5,024 

2,887 

1,064 
1,526 
1,388 
2,417 
3,402 

2, 563 
2,311 
756 
2,420 
1,739 

178 
298 
245 
457 
483 

1,020 
2,500 
864 
2,411 
2, 439 

640 
1,.5S7 

515 
1 . 304 
1,425 

290 
1 , 522 
1.035 
1 , 533 
1,825 

4,032 
4,042 
3,102 
4,410 
4, 207 

3,220 
3, 841 
3,573 
2,926 
3,197 

3,926 
5,161 
3,105 
2, 013 

2,680 

144 
2,845 
1,288 
1.4,86 
2,206 

456 
755 
603 
828 
1,218 



22, 262 
19, 575 
16, 700 
26, 796 
23,510 

15, 694 
19,461 
11,100 
21,7,56 
24,299 

11,417 
11,843 

4,234 
10,406 

8, 261 

712 
l,,-)90 

613 
1,645 
2,094 

3,672 
8,9.59 
3.952 
8,610 
8,942 

1.840 
4,662 
1,6.^2 
4,074 
4,542 

1,.508 
3,874 
2,415 
4,. 599 

5, 475 

20,996 
22, 784 
15, 820 
20,212 
23,811 

20, 286 
IS. 6,50 
15,. 591 
15,694 
17,583 

15,100 
18, 722 
11,385 
6, 576 
14,741 

4,320 
8,724 
3, 219 
3, 963 
6, 706 

2,095 
3,776 
2,111 

2,898 
3, 897 



Price per 
bushel-- 



Dec. 1. 



Cents. 
61 
59 
82 
47 
53 



58 
90 
48 
50 

8') 
57 
93 
52 
65 

82 
66 
105 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 41 

Tablk is. — Slocks of poialors, Jan. 1. 19U — ( ■oiuiimed. 



State ;ni(.l year. 



Kansas: 

1913-14 

1912-13 

1911-12 

1910-11 

1909-10 

Colorado: 

1913-1-! 

1912-13 

1911-12 

1910-11 1 S, 

1999- U) ! 11, 

Total above: 1 

1913-11 ' 23S, 

1912-13 1 304, 

1911-12 : 217, 

1910-11 1 261, 

1909-10 1 298, 



Total 
produc- 

' tion, 
bushels 

(000 
omitted). 



Stock in groTrers' 
hands, Jan. 1. 



Stock in dealers' 
hands, Jan. 1. 



Per cent 
of crops. 



60 
45 
50 

48 

42.1 
39.8 
33.1 
40.2 
41.2 



Bushels 

(000 
omitted). 



290 

1,091 

194 

654 

1,129 

5,060 
4,845 
1,418 
4,:500 
5,655 

100, 495 
119,678 
72,072 
104,954 
122, 997 



Ter cent 
of crops. 



6 

8 
10 

8 

9.5 
9.8 
S.6 
10.9 
9.9 



Bushels 

(000 
omitted). 



232 
804 
123 
374 

734 

644 
484 
232 
860 
942 

22, 797 
167, 149 
18,706 
28, 457 
29,:5S1 



Total 
stock, 
bushels 

(000 
omitted). 



522 

1,895 

317 

1.028 
1, 853 

5, 704 
5, .329 
1,670 
5,160 
6,597 

123, 292 
149, 845 
90,778 
1.33, 411 
142,381 



rrice per 
bushel — 



Dec. 1. 



Cents. 
91 
73 

106 
90 
79 

65 
41 
99 
55 



66.2 
48.6 
77.6 
49.5 
50.0 



Mar. 1. 



Cents. 



76 
132 
92 
85 



43 

100 
61 
59 



47.7 

101.4 

40.9 

47.3 



Tabt.e 19. — Wheat crop of countries named, 1911-1918. 



( oiiulvy. 


Area. 




Production. 




1911 


1912 


1913 


1911 


1012 


1913 


NORTH AMKRICA. 

United .Stales 


A cres. 
49, .543,000 


Acres. 
4.5,814,000 


Acres. 
50,184,000 


Buslielx. 
621,338,000 


Bushels. 
730,267,000 


Bushels. 
763,380,000 


Canada: 


13,000 

941,000 

2, 980, 000 

4,705,000 

1,617,000 

121,000 




(') 


0) 

(') 

2,804,000 

5,720,000 

1,512,000 

979,000 


270,000 
19, 252, 000 
(iO, 275, 000 
97, 665, 000 
36,143,000 
2,313,000 




(') 
(') 
53,331,000 
121,559,000 


Ontario 




Manitoba 


(') 


Alberta 






34,372,000 
22, 455, 000 


Other 












Total Canada... 


10,377,000 


10,997,000 


11,015,000 


215,918,000 


224,159,000 


231,717,000 




0) 


0) 


(') 


12,000,000 


12,000,000 


10,000,000 




Total 








849,256,000 


966,426,000 


1,005,097,000 










SOUTH AMERICA. 

Argentina 

Chile. 


15.452,000 
968,000 
637,000 


17,042,000 

1,093.0(X) 

799,000 


17.096,000 

■ (') 
C) 


145,981,000 
18,184,000 
6,009,0€0 


166, 190, 000 
22. 468. 000 
8, 757, 000 


198,414.0(X) 
21 000 000 


Uruguay.. 


9, OW), 000 






Total 








170,174,000 


197,415,000 


2''8 414 000 












EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary: 

Austria " 

Hungary proper. . . 
Croa'tia-Slavonia. . 
Bosnia-Herzego- 
vina 


3,003,000 

8,:354,000 

808,000 

218,000 


3,114,000 

8.748.000 

833; 000 

247,000 


2,998.000 

7,813,000 

837, 000 

0) 


58,865.000 

174,889,000 

15,188,000 

2,941,000 


69,712,000 

173, 328, 000 

11,314,000 

2,993,000 


00.123,000 

149,774,000 

16,899,000 

2, ,572, 000 






Total Austria- 
Hungary 


12,3,83,000 


12,942,000 




251,8&3,0OO 


257.347,000 


229,368,000 







' No data. 



42 EAKMEBS' BULLETIN 575. 

Table 19. — Wheat crop of countries nav:ccl, 1911-1913 — Continued. 



Country. 


Area. 


Production. 


1911 


1012 


1913 


1911 


1912 


1913 


EUROPE— continued. 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 


Acres. 

.399,000 

2,761.000 

2 100,000 

(1) 

15.897,000 

4; 878, 000 

0) 

11,741,000 

(1) 

142, OiX) 

2 12.000 

1.211.000 

4,709,000 


Acres. 
(') 
(') 
0) 
(') 
16,238,000 
4, 759, 000 

{') 

11.751.000 

(') 

143,000 
(') 
(0 
5,114,000 


Acres. 

^^ 
(') 
(') 
16,169,000 
4,878,000 
0) 

11,842,000 
0) 

140, 000 
(■) 
(1) 
4,011,0!X) 


Bushels. 

15, 745, 000 

48,295,000 

4,466,0i» 

125.000 

315,126,000 

149,411,000 

8,000,000 

192,395,000 

200,000 

5,.511.000 

271,000 

11.850.000 

93,724.000 


Bushels. 

15, 348, 000 

45.000,000 

3,604,000 

130,000 

336,284,000 

160, 224, (X» 

7,009,000 

165,720,000 

200,000 

5,604,000 

332. 000 

7,. 500. 000 

88, 924, 000 


Bushels. 
15,042,000 
46, OSiO. 000 


Deiiinark 

Finland 


4,463,000 
130, (KK) 


Fran'^e 


321, 571, (.'OO 




171,075.000 




7,0G0,0(K) 


Italv 


214,405,000 


Moiitj.negro 

Nethfilands 

Norwav 


200,000 

4,77:5,000 

300. 000 


Portugal 


5, ,500, 000 


Eoumania 


83,236,000 


Kussia: 

Russia proper 

Poland . . 


.52,557,000 
l,2iw,000 
9,908,000 






346.-372,000 
24,129,000 
76,-537,000 
















1 
















Total Russia 
(European) 


63,720,000 


3 71,302,000 


»74,512.000 


447,038,000 


3 805,255,000 


3 962,587,000 


Servia 


955,000 

9, 706. 000 

251,000 

(') 
(') 


956,000 
9.625,000 
(I) 
(') 
(') 


0) 
9,414,000 


15,312,000 

14S,495,0»:) 

7,945,000 

3,524,000 

20, 000, 000 


16,351,000 

109,783,000 

, 7, 832, 000 

3, 178, 000 

18,000,000 


11,000,000 


Spain 

Sweden 


110,097.000 
7,800,000 




.3,500,000 
18,000,000 


1'urkey ( liuropean) . . . 


United Kingdom: 

England 


1.804,000 
,38,000 
64,000 
45,000 


' 1,822,000 
41,000 
62, 000 
45,000 


l,064,Ot10 
38,000 
60, 000 
31,000 


60,729.000 
1.118.000 
2,786,000 
1,056,000 


.54,001,000 
1,123,000 
2,471.000 
1,. '^.64, 000 


53, 731 , 000 




1,075.000 


Scotland 


2, .335, 000 


Ireland 


1,295,01XJ 






Total United 
Kingdom 


1,951,000 


1,970,000 


1,796,000 


66,289,000 


59, 162, 000 


68,4-36,000 


Total 








1,805,605,000 


2,112,778,000 


2,273,483,000 












A.'5IA. 

British India, includ- 
ing such native 
states as report 


30,505,000 
0) 


31,141,000 

0) 


29,569,000 
(I) 


375,629,000 
2,394,0(K) 


370, 515, 000 
2,071,000 


358,388,000 
2, 100, 000 






Japanese Empire: 

.Tapan 


l,22:3.0i'X) 
13, 40;) 


1.216,000 


1,226,000 


25,6-45,000 
138,000 


26, .514. 000 
140,000 


27,000,000 
140, 000 






Total Japanese 
Empire 








25.783,000 


26, 654, 000 


27,140.000 












Persia 


(1) 


(1) 


(') 


16,000,000 


16,000.000 


10, 000, 000 






Russia: 

Central Asia (4 
governments of). 

Siberia (4 govern- 
ments of) 

Transcaucasia (1 
govenunentof).. 


3,616,000 

5,888,000 

11,000 






52,557,000 
1.255.000 
9,908,000 














1 






[ 






Total Russia 
(Asiatic) 


9, 515, 000 


{') 


{') 


6:3,720.000 


(<) 


(<) 


Turkey (Asia Minor 
only) 


(') 


(>) 


(') 


35,000,000 


.35,000.000 


35,000,000 


Total 








518,520,000 


450. 240, 000 


438, 628, 000 













1 No data. 

2 Census of 1907. 



3 Tncludss 10 governments of Asiatic Russia. 
* Included under total Russi;i (European). 



( 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 43 

Table Id.— Wheat crop of counh-us named, 1911-1913 — Continued. 





Area. 


Production. 


Country. 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1911 1912 


1913 


AFRICA. 


Acres. 

3,554,000 

1.285,000 

1.401,000 

(1) 


Acres. 
3,014,000 
1.332,000 
1,263,000 

0) 


Acres. 

3,448,000 

1,331,000 

1,235,000 

(0 


1 

Bushels, 

35,874,000 

38,046,000 

8,635,000 

6,034,000 


Bushels. 
27,172,000 
30.903.000 
4. 225, 000 
2 6,034,000 


Bushels. 
36,8^8,000 


K.^'VP" 


30.900.000 
5. 500, 000 


Union of South Afika. 


2 6, 034. 000 


Total 








88, 589, 000 


08,334,000 


79.282,000 












AUSTRALAISIA. 

Australia: 

(juppnsland. 

Nev.' South Wales. 
Victoria 


107, 000 
2,129,000 
2, 39S, 000 
2, 105, 000 

582,000 
52, COO 


43,000 

2,381,000 

2,164,000 

2.191,000 

612, 000 

37,000 


125,000 
2,231.000 
2, 0S5, 000 
2,080,000 

793, 000 
25,000 


1,055,000 
28, 793, 000 
35,910,000 
25,112,000 
6,083,000 
1,156,000 


294,000 
25, 879, 000 
21,. 550, 000 
20,994,000 
4, 496, 000 
681,000 


2, 038, 000 
.33,499,000 
27, 050, 000 


South Australia... 
'V est em Australia . 
Tasmania 


22,174,000 

9, 457, 000 

650,000 


Total Australia.. 


7,373,000 


7.428,000 


7, .3.39, 000 


98,109,000 


73,894,000 


94,868,000 


New Zejland 


322,000 


215,000 


190,000 


8,535,000 


8,000,000 


5,886,000 






asia 


7, 695, 000 


7,643,000 


7,529,000 


106,644,000 


81.894,000 


100,7.54.000 








3,538,794,000 


3,877,087,000 


4,125,658,000 











1 No date. 



2 Cen.sus figures for the year 1911. 



Note. — The above figures for European and Asiatic Russia incli'de 72 governments only: the area and 
production in the whole Empire in 1911 wore S0.08('),000 acres and 563,485,000 bushels. 

New wheat crop Southern Hemisphere. 

A c-ablegram from the Intcriiutioiial Institute ol Agriculture, llome, 
Italy, received by the United States Department of Agriculture Feb- 
ruary 3, contains the following statement of estimated wheat produe- 
tit>n of the crop of 1913-1914, harvested prhicipally in December tiiid 
January, of the two principal ]>roducing countries of the Soutlieru 
Hemisphere. 

Preliminary estimate of })ro(ku'tiou of ;dl wiicat in Austi'alia, 
113,344,000 bushels. 

Preliminary estimate of total production of all wheat in Argentina 
and Australia, 244,533,000 bushels. 

o 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





581 



Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) and Bureau 
of Plant Industry, March 18, 1914. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CORN. — World acreage and production. Imports from Argentina. 

OATS.— World acreage and production. Imports from Canada. 

BARLEY, RYE, POTATOES, AND FLAX.— World acreage and production. 

BEEF.— Imports from Argentina. 

COTTON. — Recent developments in colonial production. 

Crop Reporting Systems and Sources of Crop Information in Foreign Countries. 



THE WORLD CORN CROP. 

By Charles M. Daugherty. 

Indian torn, or maize, although the last of the great cereals to be 
discovered, is now groAvn over a broader extent of the earth's surface 
than any other grain, excepting wheat. Originally merely the 
primitive food grain of the aborigines of tropical and semitropical 
regions of the Western Hemisphere, its cultivation has within a 
few centuries extended to all Continents; the exceptional produc- 
tivity of the plant, in both corn and fodder, and the manifold uses 
made of grain, stalk, pith, leaves, and cob have won for it the fame 
of being America's most valuable contribution to agriculture. 

In so far as can be determined from existing statistics, the world's 
recorded corn acreage amounts at present to approximately 170 
million acres. As, however,' no figures are extant respecting the 
area planted in many of the smaller producing States of Central and 
South America, Asia, Africa, and numerous islands, the recorded 
acreage doubtless falls short of the actual by several million acres. 

The bulk of the world's crop, as is well known, is grown in America, 
where the plant is believed to have originated. Roundly 130 million 
acres are planted annually in the principal producing countries of 
America; of this upward of 105 million are in the United States, 
over 13 million in Mexico, 10 million in Argentina, and ahnost a 
million acres in Uruguay, Canada, and Chile combined. In the 
United States corn, measured by the surface devoted to its culture, 
is far and away the leading crop; the annual acreage is more exten- 
sive than the total surface under all other cereals. The annual yield 
32786°— Bull. 581—14 1 



2 farmers' bulletin 581. 

in good 3^ears surpasses in magnitude the combined wheat and barley 
crops of the whole of EurojDe. Doubtless the most strikmg feature 
of the crop, however, is that the enormous production is absorbed 
almost in entirety by the home demand. In spite of an increase 
since 1897 of 25 million acres in the area planted, exports, which 
in that year attained the maximum of 189 million bushels, have 
since almost steadily declined, and in 1913 amounted to only 45 
million bushels. The tremendous increase in domestic consumption 
suggested by these facts is further emphasized by the incident that 
during 1913 over 5 million bushels were added to the home supply 
by imports from Argentina — a movement probably due in part to 
the coincidence of a change in fiscal regulations governing importa- 
tion of corn into the United States with a heavy shortage in the 
domestic crop, the 1913 yield being only 2,445,000,000 bushels, com- 
pared with 3,125,000,000 bushels in the precedmg year. 

To compare the vast extent of land under corn in the United States 
with that in other countries serves little purpose other than to illustrate 
the heavy monopoly of this industry by the United States. Mexico is 
second among all corn-growing countries in point of acreage. The 
production (although, the tortilla, a food made from parched com, 
constitutes the chief subsistence of the masses) is insufficient for 
domestic needs, and several million bushels annually are imported 
from the United States. In Argentina corn culture has in recent 
years made great strides. From 3 million acres in 1900, plantmgs 
have been rapidly extended, and a recent estimate of the Argentine 
Department of Agriculture puts the land seeded for the crop maturing 
in the spring of 1914 at 10,250,000 acres. A clistmctive feature of corn 
growing in Argentina is that the bulk of the crop is raised for export. 
Preeminently a pastoral country, the vast fields of alfalfa, and a mild 
climate that permits grazing in a great part of the pastoral zone 
practically the year round, minimize the demand for corn as an ani- 
mal food; considerably less than 100 milhon bushels meets annual 
domestic requirements for all purposes. As during the past two 
years the production has amounted^ respectively, to 296 million and 
197 million bushels, Argentma has figured as the most important 
single source of supply for the great importing nations of Europe. 
Exports to all countries out of the banner crop of 1912 amounted to 
190 million bushels. If the present rate of increase in culture be 
maintained, the Republic would doubtless be in a situation eventually 
to supply single handed the entire import demand of all European 
States. Much of the Argentme corn is of the flint variety. 

In the Eastern hemisphere the principal maize-growing regions are 
southern Europe, Asia, the Mediterranean countries of Africa, and 
the Union of South Africa. In southern Europe the crop is grown 
for the grain on an expanse of territorv extending from west to east 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 

across the entire continent and reaching northward from the Mediter- 
ranean and BUick Seas to latitudes includmg Switzerland and a small 
part of southern Germany. The value of the luxuriant semitropical 
foliage of the plant has, moreover, extended its cultivation for fodder 
into countries where the seasons of warm sunshine are too short for 
the grain to mature, and hence maize is gro\\ai for forage to a greater 
or less extent in many countries of northern Europe, even as far north 
as Scotland. In southern Europe the crop is cultivated for gram 
on an aggregate of about 30 million acres, the total annual produc- 
tion usually ranging between 600 million and 700 million bushels. 
The variety raised is for the most part the small-grained yeUow flint, 
designated by English-speaking people as "round maize" in distinc- 
tion from the "flat" or large-grained dent variety, consistmg of white 
and yellow mixed, wliich reaches European markets from the United 
States. In Portugal, corn, kno-v^Ti in the vernacular as milho, is cul- 
tivated on a much larger scale than any other cereal and constitutes, 
among other uses, the chief food of the peasant class. Spain and 
France have each over a million acres under maize. Concentrated in 
the northern part of the former country and southern part of the latter 
there are extensive districts where it is the chief grain cultivated and 
the principal reliance of the peasants for human food. Granoturco, 
the Italian name for com, is grown annually in Italy on an extent 
of about 4 million acres, and in two provinces, Lombardy and Venetia, 
on a somewhat more extensive scale than is wheat; polenta, a dish 
prepared from corn, is in parts of the Kingdom the staff of life of the 
masses. Upward of a million bushels are raised annually in Greece, 
and in 1910 the annual output of European Turkey was officially 
returned at 22 million bushels. Corn culture in Europe, however, 
is largely centralized in a group of countries comprismg Austria- 
Hungary, Roumania, Scrvia, Bulgaria, and in the southern govern- 
ments of Russia. In this territory upward of 20 million acres are 
planted annually and the normal yield is approximately 500 million 
bushels. The important position the crop occupies in the agriculture 
of these countries is indicated by the fact that in Hungary proper, 
the principal corn-growing country of Europe, and in Bulgaria the 
acreage is second only to that of wheat, while m Roumania, where 
the grain is known as "porumb," and in Servia, where it is called 
"cucurza, " it is more extensive than that of any other cereal. 
Exccptmg Austria-Hungary, whose annual production is a few 
million bushels short of domestic requirements, corn is grown in 
the rest of this territor}^ in surplus quantities. Aggregate exports 
usually ranging between 50 million and 80 million bushels a year, 
are made from Roumania, Bulgaria, Servia, and Russia to Austria- 
Hungary, Italy, Spain, and, chiefly, to the nonproducing States of 
north Europe. 



4 FAKMEKS BULLETIN 581. 

Outside of America and Europe the most extensive corn-growing 
area in the world is in Asia, notably in Turkey, southern Asiatic 
Russia, British India, French Indo-China, the Philippines, China, 
and Japan. Although the crop in none of these countries attains 
the proportions of a principal one, there are localities in most of them 
where its culture is of great local miportance. In Asiatic Turkey an 
official report indicated over 900,000 acres under cultivation in 1910, 
and in 1911 a small area of 150,000 acres was returned in Asiatic 
Russia — in Ferghana, Samarkand, and Syr-Daria. In British India, 
where in some districts food made from corn is the chief article of 
native diet, over 6 million acres are planted yearly. An annual area 
of over one million acres is grown in the Philippmes and upward of 
130,000 acres ui Japan. Statistical record of the area and j^ield in 
Chma and Indo-China is nonexistent. It is known, however, that 
the grain is grown to a considerable extent in parts of Chma, and in the 
northern part its value as a human and animal food is supplemented 
by the general use of the stalks as fuel. In the French colony, Indo- 
Chma, the growmg popularity of the culture is indicated by the fact 
that the annual imports mto the mother country from this possession 
increased from 571,000 to 3,710,000 bushels durmg the period 1906 
to 1911. 

Corn is grown quite generally on the Contment of Africa, but, 
excepting that it is an important article of food among the native 
tribes of the central colonies, definite mformation respectmg the 
extent of its culture is limited to the countries along the Mediter- 
ranean and to the Union of South Africa. In Egypt, the principal 
producing country, the area (about 1,900,000 acres) is more extensive 
than that of cotton; the gram constitutes the chief food of the Egyp- 
tian fellah and enters almost wholly into domestic consumption. 
Small areas are also cultivated m Tunis, Algeria, Tripoli, and Morocco. 
In the Union of South Africa the raising of ''mealies," the local name 
for corn, has in late years been attracting much attention; the acreage, 
notably in Natal, has been much extended and, at the taking of the 
census of 1911, the total South African production was found to have 
increased to over 30 million bushels. In normal years a few million 
bushels are now available for export. Corn, it may be added, is 
grown on a small scale in the northern latitudes of Australia and New 
Zealand, and in many islands throughout the world for which few 
statistics are extant. 

The world's corn production, in so far as accurate estimates are 
obtainable, is in magnitude practically equal to, and in one year at least 
has exceeded, that of wheat. The importance of the part taken by the 
United States in the industry is indicated by the fact that in 1911 
the crop produced was upward of 72 and in 1912 over 71 per cent of 
the world's recorded production ; m 1913, with a shortage of almost 678 
million bushels in the domestic outturn, as compared with the previous 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



year, the domestic crop represents 68 per cent of the recorded crop of 
the world. Details, by countries, of the area and production of 
specified countries in 1913 and preceding years are given in Table 1: 

Table 1. — Corn crop of countries named, 1911-1913. 




Algeria 
Egypt 
Union of South Africa 



AUSTRALASIA 

Australia: 
Queensland 
New South Wale: 



1 Less than 500 acres. 

2 Estimate for 1910. 

5 No official statistics. 



4,601,000 3,752,000 

7,833,000 I 4,049,000 

* Includes Asiatic Russia (10 Governments of). 
6 Census figures of 1911 repeated. 



farmers' BULLETIiSr 581. 
Table 1.— Corn cro}^ of countries iianud, 1911-1913 — Continued. 



Country. 


Area. 


Production. 




1911 


1912 


1913 


1911 


1912 


1913 


AUSTRALASIA— continued . 

Australia— Continued. 
Victoria 


Acres. 
20,000 


A ores. 
18,000 


Acres. 
(') 


Bushels. 
1, 013, 000 
1,000 
7,000 


Bushels. 
818,000 


Bushels. 
(1) 




(•) 


South Australia 


1,000 


n 


2,000 


Total Australia 


415,000 


340, 000 


315,000 


13,455,000 


9,221,000 


8,620,000 


New Zealand • 


13,000 


6,000 


5,000 


478,000 


278, 000 


220,000 






Total Australasia 


428,000 


346,000 


320, 000 


13, 933, 000 


9,499,000 


8,840,000 


Grand total 








3,479,991,000 


4,362,288,000 


3,007,359,000 











1 No ofEcial statistics. « Less than 500 acres. 

Table 2. — Total production of corn in countries named in Table 1, 1894-191-3. 



Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


1 

Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


1894 

1895 

1890 

1897 

1898 


Bushels. 
1,671,307,000 
2,834,750,000 
2,904,435,000 

2,587,200,000 
2,082,019,000 


1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 


Bushels. 
2,724,100,000 
2,792,561,000 
2, 366, 883, 000 
3,187,311,000 
3, 000, 500, 000 


1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 


Bushels. 
3,109,252,000 
3,461,181,000 
3,963,045,000 
3,420,321,000 
3,606,931,000 


1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 


Bushels. 
3,503,226,000 
4,031,630,000 
3,479,991,000 
4, 362, 288, 000 
3,007,359,000 



CORN FROM ARGENTINA. 

Bv Frank Andrews. 



RECENT IMPORTS. 



In September last a large increase occiiiTed in tlie relatively small 
imports of corn into the United States, the new traffic coming 
chiefly from Argentina. Occasional imports had been made in 
former j^ears. In the year ended June 30, 1909, the United States 
imported 258,000 bushels, of which 195,000 bushels came from 
Ai'gentina. The imports declined to about 118,000 in the next fiscal 
year and to 52,000 in the year ending Jane 30, 1911, increasing to 
about 53,000 in the follo^\dng year. The imports during the fiscal 
year ending June 30, 1913, amounted to 903,000 bushels, of vrhich 
880,000 came from Argentina. 

The imports in September, 1913, amounted to 522,000 bushels; in 
October, 473,000; in November, 1,633,000, and m December, 2,343,- 
000 bushels. Of these amounts, Argentina furnished in September, 
499,000 bushels; in October, 421,000; in November, 1,509,000, and 
in December, 2,173,000 bushels. Compared mth the production of 
the United States these imports are relatively smaU. The entire 
crop of Ai-gentina, ranging from 175,090,000 to 300,000,000 bushels 
annually, is onl}^ about 10 per cent of the average consumption in the 
United States. 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OL^TLOOK. 



Corn production and exports of Argentina and the United States 
are shown in Table 3. Here is ilkistrated the fact that the Argentine 
crop goes chiefly to foreign countries, while the United States crop, 
in still greater proportions, is consumed at home. 

Table 3. — Comparison of Argentine and United States corn os to production, exports, 

and average value. 



Year. 


Argentina. 


United States. 


Average value ' of corn 
imported into the 
United Kingdom 
from 1909-1913. 




Production. 


Exports.2 


Production. 


Exports,* 
year l)egin- 
ning July 1. 


Argentina. 


United 

States. 


1909 


Bushels. 
177,155,000 
175,187,000 
3 27, 675, 000 
295, 849, 000 
4 190,642,000 


Bushels. 
89,499,359 
104,727,358 
4, 928, 362 
190,459,100 
4 190,000,000 


Bushels. 
2,772,376,000 
2,886,260,000 
2,531,488,000 
3, 124, 746, (XK) 
2,446,988,000 


Bushels. 
38,128,498 
65,614,522 
41,797,291 
50, 780, 143 


Cents per 
bushel. 
74 
64 
63 
71 
68 


Cents per 
bushel. 

77 


1910 


73 


1911 


63 


1912. 


83 


1913 


63 









1 The values of articles imported into the United Kingdom include the value in the country of origin, 
plus all costs of delivery to the I'nited Kingdom. Hence, the two columns are comparable, "since both 
apply to values in same country of destination. 

2 Including com meal reduced to terms of corn. 
- Crop failure, due to drought. 

. Preliminary. 

CORN PRICES. 

Comparing values of Argentine with United States corn in the 
British market for the past five years, it is found that in three years 
out of the five United States corn is valued considerably higher than 
Ai'gentine. But in 1911 and in 1913 the average values of the con- 
signments from each of these countries were the same in the British 
markets. 

A considerable part of the corn imported into the United States 
from Argentina is received at New York, and it was sold in that 
city in November and December, 1913, at prices ranging from 73 
to SO cents a bushel, or several cents under the prices of the No. 2 
yellow grade of United States corn in that market. 

A comparison of prices of Argentine corn with other corn at New 
York, with the contract grade at Chicago, with the average farm 
price in the United States of all lands of corn, and mth the average 
export value in Argentina of the corn imported here from that 
country, is shown in Table 4. 

It is to be understood that the imports for these last months of 
1913 consisted of old corn, which was harvested m the winter or 
spring of 1912-13. Attention is invited also to the marked fluctua- 
^tions in the import values of this Argentine corn, ranging from under 
60 cents in September to over 80 cents a bushel in October; falling 
to 72 in November, and further to 62 cents a bushel in December. 



FARMERS BULLETIN 581. 



Table 4. — Com parativc cash prices in the United States of Argentine and domestic corn, 
September to December, 1913. 

[Cents per bushel.] 





Average 
import 
value of 

Argen- 
tine 

com.i 


Average 

farm 

price 

of corn 

in U.S. 

on 1st 

of 
month. 


Wholesale price at Kew York, X. Y. 


Wholesale prices 

at Chicago, 111., 

"contract'' grade 

com. 


Year and month. 


Xo. 2 yellow 
corn. 


Argentine com. 




Low. 


High. 


Low. 


High. 


Low. 


High. 


1913. 


Cents. 
59.7 


Cents. 
75.4 
75.3 
70.7 
69.1 


Cents. 
79.5 
76.0 
79.0 
73.0 


Cents. 
86.2 
80.2 
85.0 
85.0 


1 
Cents. Cents. 


Cents. 
71.5 
68.0 
71.5 
65.5 


Cents. 
78.5 


October 

November 

December 


80.3 
72.0 
62.2 




73.2 


77.5 
73.2 


sao 


76.2 
78.5 



1 Average declared wholesale value in Argentina of corn imported into the United States from that 
country. 

OCE.4N AND R.VILR0.4D FREIGHT RATES. 

During the last three months of 1913 the rates paid for full cargoes 
of corn from Argentina to New York were from 6 to 7§ cents per 
bushel when shipped from San Lorenzo, an upriver port on the River 
Plate, and from 5 to oh cents when shipped from Rosario, a port 
farther down that river. Rates to Galveston ranged from 5 to 7^ 
cents, and one rate was c^uoted to San Francisco from Buenos Aires 
at about 9J cents per bushel. 

The rates on corn to New York from Chicago, over the cheapest 
routes for a number of years, have not been far different from the 
rates of the last few months of 1913 to New York from San Lorenzo, 
and have been a cent or two higher a bushel than the rates from the 
lower River Plate. In fact, corn is shipped from Rosario, .Argentina, 
to New York for about the same rate as is charged by rail from 
Buffalo to New York. However, the lake rate from Chicago to Buf- 
falo is frequently as low as 1 cent per bushel, and rarely averages 2 
cents for a season. 

To Galveston the rates of the last few months of 1913 were con- 
siderably lower from the upriver ports of Argentma than from Kansas 
City. The rate from Kansas City to Galveston in 1913 was 9.8 
cents per bushel, while 3 out of 4 rates from Ai'gentina to Galveston 
were less than 7 cents, one of them being as low as 5.1 cents per bushel. 
The ocean rates cjuoted in this article apply to full cargoes; that is, 
where a ship is chartered to carry corn only. Regular lines of 
steamships, where smaller lots than full cargoes are carried, often 
charge lower rates than are paid on full cargoes of corn. 

The freight rates on gram from the Atlantic coast of the L^nited 
States westward are considerably higher than for the eastbound 
traffic, since relatively small lots of grain are shipped westward. 
Corn shipped hj rail from New York to Chicago would be charged 14 
cents per bushel. Hence it would cost from 19 to 21^ cents per bushel 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 9 

to pay the freight on corn shipped from Ai'gentina to Illinois, by way 
of New York, at the rates quoted at the close of 1913. This cost 
applies only to ocean freight from Argentina plus railroad freight in 
the United States and excludes any costs of transfer. 

Ocean freight rates on corn to Liverpool from Buenos Aires were 
from 6 to 10 cents per bushel and from San Lorenzo from 8 to about 
12^ cents a bushel for the last few months of 1913. Early in Octo- 
ber, 1913, two vessels were chartered to carry corn from Rosario — one 
to New York and the other to Liverpool. The cargo for New York 
was charged at the rate of 5.4 cents per bushel and the cargo for 
Liverpool at the rate of 6 cents per bushel. The time from Buenos 
Aires to New York is about the same as from Buenos iUres to Liv- 
erpool. Fast steamers often make the voyage over either route in 
24 days, while some of the slower ones require 10 to 15 days longer. 
Of 10 different vessels arriving at New York \\ith corn in November 
and December, 1913, 3 vessels brought more than 260,000 bushels 
each and all but 2 brought more than 100,000 bushels each. The 
largest cargo of these 10 consisted of 285,200 bushels. The two 
smaller loads were brought by ships wliich carried a large assort- 
ment of other cargo. One of these ships, wliich arrived on December 
6, brought about 61,000 bushels of corn in about 24,000 bags, and 
the cargo included also nearly 11,000 quarters of beef, 4,100 car- 
casses of mutton, besides wool, sheepskins, tallow, liides, corned beef, 
miscellaneous meat products, etc. 



ARGENTINE CORN. 

By W. J. T. DuvEL, Crop Technologist. 

Witliin the last few years increasing Cjuantities of corn have been 
imported into the United States from the Argentine, most of which 
has been consigned to the Corn Products Refining Co., of New York, 
for manufacturing purposes. The importations, however, of the 1913 
crop have exceeded those of former years, the total importations 
from July 1, 1913, to February 13, 1914, as reported by Bradstreet's, 
being 7,132,980 bushels, approximately 85 per cent of which was dis- 
charged at Atlantic ports, and the remainder at Gulf ports. 

The Argentine being the corn belt of the Southern Hemisphere, the 
crop matures approximately six months in advance of corn in the 
United States, so that export shipments begin during the early part 
of June. The duration of the voyage from the Argentine to the 
United States under favorable conditions is approximately 30 days. 

While the total production of corn in the Argentine under the 
most favorable conditions is considerably below the production in 
the State of Illinois, less than half of the Argentine crop is consumed 
within the Repubhc, so that the Argentine exports have greatly 
exceeded those of the United States during the past few years. 

32786°— Bull. 581—14 2 



10 



FAEMERS BULLETIN- 581. 



The Argentine corn is liancUcd in burlap bags containing from 130 
to 135 pounds, in contrast to the corn from the United States, which 
is exported mainly in bulk. The most common method of discharg- 
ing cargoes at United States ports is to hoist with crane and tacklo 
from 12 to 15 bags at a time and shift them to barges or hghters 
alongside the vessel, where the corn is inspected as the bags are 
opened. From 7 to 15 days are usually required to unload a cargo, 
depending largely on the condition and quantity of the corn and 
the weather. 

QUAILITY AND CONDITION OF ARGENTINE CORN. 

Corn as grow^n in the Argentine consists almost exclusively of tho 
hard, flinty varieties with medium to small kernels, mostly yellow 
in color. The character of the corn, having both small cobs and 
small kernels, results in a much lower moisture content in the Argen- 
tine shelled corn than is normally contained in the large dent varie- 
ties of the United States. As a result of the small size of the kernels, 
the Argentine corn can not carry, without increased danger of dete- 
rioration, as high a percentage of water as the larger dent corns of 
the United States. On the other hand, tho hard and firm texture 
of the Argentine corn is such that it can be "conditioned" to much 
better advantage than our dent corns. 

During the summer of 1912, through the courtesies of the Corn 
Products Refining Co. and the grain-inspection department of the 
New York Produce Exchange, several cargoes of corn from the 
Argentine were examined at the time of discharge at the port of 
New York. The average results of mechanical analyses on 157 
samples from four of the cargoes, representing a total of 638,000 
bushels, are contained in Table 5. The data shown in this table 
represents new corn of the crop of 1912, 

Table 5. — Average qualitj and condition of four cargoes of Argentine corn, crop of 1912, 

as discharged at Neiv York. 



Steamship. 


Date of 
arrival 
at New- 
York. 


Days in 

transit. 


Number 

of samples 

taken. 


Bushels 
in cargo. 


Moisture 
content. 


Weight 
per 

bushel. 


Soun;! 
corn 


Dirt, 

chaff, 

cob, etc. 


A 


1912 
Oct. 19 
July 8 
Aug. 4 
Aug. S 


35 
27 
45 
34 


55 

48 
28 
26 


180,000 
260, 000 
66,000 
132,000 


Per cent. 
14.55 
14.80 
17.02 
15.43 


Pounds. 
60.87 
60.10 
57.75 
60. 01 


Per cent. 
93. 84 
95. 2S 
63.74 
90.02 


Per cenL 
0.10 


B 


.17 


C 


.28 


D 


.17 






Total 




157 


638, 000 










Average of 4 






15.10 


60.05 


90. 50 


.19 















From Table 5 it will be seen that the average moisture content 
of the total 638,000 bushels was 15.1 per cent, the weight per bushel 
more than 60 pounds, the percentage of sound corn. 90.5, and the 
dirt, chaff, cob, etc., approximately one-^ixth of 1 per cent. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 11 

During tlie months of December, 1913, and January, 1914, sam- 
ples to the number of 591 were socurod from 16 different cargoes of 
Argentine corn as discharged at New York and at Gulf ports. The 
average moisture content of these samples (old corn of the 1913 
crop) was 13.7 per cent, or 6.6 per cent less than the average m.ois- 
ture content of corn shipped from country stations m central lUuiois 
durmg December, 1913, and January, 1914, the latter bemg new 
corn of the 1913 crop. From the standpoint of moisture content 
alone this represents a difference in value of approximately 5§ cents 
per bushel, based on a New York price of about 70 cents per bushel, 
not giving consideration to the increased danger of deterioration of 
liigh-moisturo corn. V\liLle the average moisture content of the 
Argentine corn is low, a considerable quantity is damaged, musty, 
sour, and heating when discharged. This Is evidenced by the fact 
that of the 591 samples previously referred to, the maximum mois- 
ture content was 41.6 per cent, the mininuim being 9.2 per cent. 

Attention is also called to the distinct 1}" inferior quality and con- 
dition of the corn from steamer C as shown in Table 15. This ship 
was tvdce delayed during transit as the result of accident, and some of 
the corn vras in the ship more than 60 days, and some of it had 
become sea damaged and ship damaged. Excluding three samples 
which shov.'ed a moisture content of 32.7, 34.8, and 37 per cent, the 
average for the cargo would be 14.9 per cent. 

WEEVIL IN AHGSNTINE COEN. 

A considerable quantity of Argentine corn is ]ikev.'Lso infested 
with weevil. Samples of screenings from practically all of the 
cargoes have been submitted to Dr. F. H. Chittenden, in charge of 
Truck-Crop and Stored-Product Insect Investigations of the Bureau 
of Entomology, but no new species have been found. 

CHEMICAL COlVfPOSrriON. 

A wide diversity of opinion exLsts as to the chemical" composition 
of Argentine corn as compared with the dent varieties of the United 
States. While the data available are not sufficient to justify the 
drawing of aii}^ definite conclusions, the results of the chemical 
analyses of a limited number of samples of Argentine corn as dis- 
charged at New York indicate that the Argentine corn is superior, 
from the standpoint of chemical composition, to our dent corn as 
loaded for export at our Atlantic and Gulf ports, as shown in Table 6. 

Table 6 shows the average results of the chemical analyses of 98 sam- 
ples of Argentine corn, representing 4 cargoes with a total of 638,000 
bushels of the crop of 1912, as discharged at New York, together with 
the average of the anal3i^ses of 129 samples of North American corn, 
representmg two cargoes of the 1910 crop and two cargoes of the 1911 
crop with a total of 910,146 bushels as loaded for export. 



12 FAEMEBS' BULLETIN 581. 

Tabls G. — Chemical composition of four cargoes of Argentine fl,int corn as discharged 
ai New York and of four cargoes of North American dent corn as loaded for export, 
calculated to a water-free basis.^ 



Item. 



Argentine 
corn crop 
of 1912 as 
imported 
at New 
York. 



North 
American 
corn crops 
of 1910 and 

1911 8S 
loaded for 

export. 



Per cent. 

Ash 1. 72 

Ether extract (oil) ! 5. 52 

Protein 1 1. 01 

Crude fl ber I 1 . 99 

Pentosans i (5. 02 

Invert sugar ! .30 

Sucrose ' 1. 08 

Acid calculated as acetic ! .33 

Undetermined I 72. 03 



Per cent. 
1.43 
4.07 
9.81 
2.18 
6.19 

.38 
1.13 

.28 
74.53 



1 Chemical analyses of the individual samples made by Cattle Food and Grain Laboratory of the Bureau 
of Chemistry. 

From Table G it will be seen that the ether extract or oil was 
approximately 1.5 per cent greater in the Argentine corn than in the 
United States corn, while the protein was 1.2 per cent greater. In 
the consideration of thes? analyses it is necessary to note that they 
represent commercial corn and are therefore not comparable with 
the analyses shown in textbooks, which are based on selected, hand- 
shelled samples. 



THE WORLD OATS CROP. 

By Charles M. Daugherty. 

The cultivation of oats on an extensive scale is an industry con- 
fined almost exclusively to the northern and central states of Europe, 
to the North Atlantic and Xorth Central States of the United States, 
and to the Dommion of Canada. Of the 144 million acres which, 
as nearly as can be estimated, constitute the world's oats area, 
upward of 85 per cent is in the above-named territory. Elsewhere 
than in Europe and North America the cereal is not extensively 
produced. No statistical account exists of its culture in Asia, 
excepting in Asiatic Russia, where about 6 million acres a year 
are raised, and in Asiatic Turkey, where in 1910 about 300,000 
acres were reported. In Africa, the crop flourishes only in Tunis, 
Algeria, and the Union of South Africa; in the two fii-st-named 
colonies the total surface under this grain is only about a haK mil- 
lion acres annually; in the last named, the census of 1911 returned 
an outturn of 9,661,000 bushels. In Argentina, Uruguay, and 
Chile, the onty South American states that report crop acreages, 
the 3'early sowmgs cover an extent of little more than 3 million 
acres. In fact, no country of the Southern Hemisphere figures pre- 
emmcntly as an oats grower; the area in the Australasian colonies 
even, where conditions might seem favorable to the development of 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 

the industry, aggregates little more than a million acres. It is note- 
worthy, however, that lately its exploitation has attracted tmusual 
attention in the Provmce of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Since 1908 
seedings have expanded from less than a million to over 3 million 
acres; production, from 33 million bushels to 69 million in 1912 and 
to IIG million in 1913. As the grain is raised almost solely for ship- 
ment abroad, this single Provmce has suddenly taken rank second 
only to Russia as an exporter, 61 million bushels having been em- 
barked thence in 1912 and 59 million m 1913. 

The distribution of the oat area of the two principal producing 
Contments is about 85 million acres annually m Europe, 38J million 
in the United States, and 10^ million iia Canada. In Europe the oats 
belt lies almost wholly in latitudes north of those of upper Hungary, 
farmers to tho south as a whole paymg little attention, compara- 
tively, to the crop. Of the entire European acreage, over 75 million 
acres lie north of the parallels above referred to, while in the southern 
countries, i. e., Portugal, Spam, Italy, Greece, Hungary, Roumania, 
Bulgaria, Servia, and Turkey, an annual total of less than 8 million 
acres is sown. Causes contributing to the partial centralization of 
tho industry m north and central Europe are obvious. Summer 
oats, the prmcipal variety sow^n, is peculiarly adapted to the shorter 
seasons of warm weather characteristic of northern latitudes. From 
time immemorial the grahi has been in the more northerly parts of 
that Continent the favorite cereal food for animals, especially for 
horses. In addition to hay, barley, pulse, and the various root 
crops — swedes, turnips, mangolds, and potatoes — which are dug and 
fed there by millions of tons each year, oats has been, especially ua 
winter, an indispensable article of provender. Increasing demand 
was a constant unpulse to extension of native production. In mod- 
ern times the anmial ration has been modified, particularly in coun- 
tries bordermg on the English Channel, by extraordinarily heavy 
unports of oil-cake (includmg oil-seeds from which cake is manu- 
factured), barley, locust beans, etc. Maize, though not so popular 
as an anunal food, especially for swine, as m the United States, is also 
unported in great volume. Oats, however, has retamed its tradi- 
tional rank as a stock food and the tendency in many countries has 
been toward an expansion rather than a contraction of its culture. 
Moreover, the great European oat belt lies almost wholly m latitudes 
where maize will not mature, and hence tho smaller grain occupies 
to some extent an economic position there as an indigenous live- 
stock food smiilar to that held by corn in the United States. 

Of the 85 million acres of oats in Europe, about 43 million are in 
Russia, 11 million in Germany, 10 million in Franco, 5 milhon in 
Austria, 4 million in the United Kingdom, 3 million in the Scandi- 
navian states— Sweden, Norway, and Denmark — and 1 million in 



14 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 531. 

Belgium and Netherlands combined. Relative to other grain cultiva- 
tion, the crop in eoxdi of these countries presents features suggestive 
of dietary, economic, and commercial customs of the people. In the 
United Kingdom, Scandinavian states, and Austria a wider extent of 
land is devoted to oat cultivation than to any other cereal. The 
short growing season, the universal use of porridge as a breakfast dish 
in countries north of the English Channel, and the marked preference 
for the grain and straw as a food for some species of animals, have all 
contributed to give its cidture a preeminent place in the agriculture 
of these countries. Production in the United Kingdom even then 
does not suffice for domestic needs. From 50 million to 60 million 
bushels a year are drawn from foreign sources. The French, the 
greatest consumers of wheat per capita in Europe, in efTorts to make 
native supplies meet domestic requirements, devote a larger area to 
wheat than to any other cereal, vnth. oats second. In each of the great 
rye-consuming nations, Germany and Netherlands, the surface 
annually under oats ranks next in breadth to that of their great bread 
grain. The premier oat-producing country of the w^orld, however, 
is Russia; though the area is much less extensive than that of rye or 
wheat, it represents annually about half the entire European acreage 
under this cereal. The production, enormous in volume, is consumed 
for the most part by the native live stock, as is the case in most coun- 
tries. Annual exports during the past few years have ranged be- 
tween 58 million and 96 million bushels, consigned in the order of their 
importance as jjurchasers to the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Ger- 
many, France, and to other European countries. 

On the North American Continent oats, measured by the extent 
cultivated, is the third cereal in importance in the United States 
and the second in Canada. Though the acreage in the United States 
is not so extensive as that of the Russian Emphe, the total yield is 
superior, thercb^^ gi^iiig the Republic rank by a small margin as the 
leading producer of the world; the normal annual output of each 
country is upward of a billion 32-pound bushels. 

In late years the Canadian acreage has increased rapidly and is 
now almost equal to that of Germany; the increase, however, has 
been mostb/ in Saskatchewan and Alberta; in the Maritime Prov- 
inces and Manitoba the industry has made but moderate progress. 
Almost the entire North American crop is consumed on that conti- 
nent. Excepting exports of 33 million bushels in 1912 from the 
United States, the quantities annually shipped abroad have never 
exceeded from 1 to 2 million bushels and imports have been of like 
negligible proportions. The lecord exports from Canada were lO^^ 
million bushels in 1912-13; imports are practically nil. 

In 1913 the so-caUed world's crop amounted to 4,672 miUion 
bushels, over 53 million more than that of the preceding year and the 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



largest ever harvested. In every producing country of notevv'-orthj 
importance as a producer, yields were heavier than in 1912, except- 
ing a falling off of near 300 million bushels in the United States. 
Table 7 gives the details of area and production for the past three 
years in ail countries for which estimates are available. In making 
comparisons between certain countries it might be noted that in the 
case of a few— notably Austria, Denmark, France, Roumania, Great 
Britain, Australia, and New Zealand — production is stated in bushels 
of measure, for other countries in 32-pound bushels. As the measured 
bushel of oats — particularly in northern Europe — v/eighs on an 
average 39 pounds, the crop of a country measured by that standard 
would not show its real magnitude when compared with that of 
another country estimated in bushels of 32 pounds. Original statis- 
tics, in units of weight, however, are not obtainable for ail countries. 

Table 7. — Oat crop of countries learned, 1911-1913. 



Country. 



NORTH AMERICA. 

United States 



Canada: 
New Brunswick. 

Quebec 

Ontario 

Manitoba 

Saskatchewan. . . 

Alberta 

other 



Total Canada. 
Mexico 

Total.... 



SOUTH AMERICA. 



Argentina. 

Chile 

Uruguay . . 

Total., 



ELfROPE. 

Austria-Hungary : 

Austria ". 

Hungary proper 

Croatia-Slavonia 

Bosnia-Herzegovina. . . 

Total Austria-Hun- 
gary 



Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Denmark . . . 

Finland 

France 

Germany. . . 

Italy 

Netherlands . 

Norway 

Koumania. . 



Area. 



A cres. 
37, 763, 000 



A crcs. 
37,917,000 



208,000 
1,430,000 
2,806,000 
1,308,000 
2,333,000, 
1,221,000 

325, 000 



195,000 
1,296,000 
2,785,000 
1,348,000 
2, 556, 000 
1,461,000 

325, 000 



9,631,000 9,966,000 



(') 



0) 



1,980,000 
58, 000 
29,000 



4,641,000 

2,653,000 

247,000 

229,000 



7,770,000 




2,548,000 
6'J, 000 
86, 000 



4,613,000 

2,473,000 

239,000 

203,000 



,528,000 




Production. 



A Crcs. 
38,399,000 



195,000 
1,303,000 
2,814,000 
1,398,000 
2, 755, 000 
1,639,000 

330, 000 



Bushels. 
922,298,000 



5,986,000 
37,500,000 
84,860,000 
60,037,000 
107,594,000 
59,034,000 
10,168,000 



10,434,000 365,179,000 



(•) 



17,000 



1,287,494,000 



2,946,000 
(') 



47,192,000 

1,861,000 

590,000 



49,643,000 



Bushels. 
1,418,337,000 



5,607,000 
33,516,000 
97,053,000 
57,154,000 
117,537,000 
67, 630, 000 
13, 132, 000 



391,629,000 



17,000 



1,809,983,000 



69,169,000 
3,380,000 
1,825,000 



74,374,000 



4,707,000 
2,866,000 
256,000 
(') 




135,143,000 
89, 656, 000 
5,554,000 
5,405,000 



235,758,000 




146,376,000 
76, 768, 000 
3,311,000 
4,766,000 



231,221,000 




Bushels. 
1,121,768,000 



5,946,000 
39,025,000 

105,159,000 
56,759,000 

114,112,000 
71,512,000 
12,126,000 



404,669,000 



17,000 



1,526,454,000 



115,879,000 
4,000,000 
2,000,000 



121,879,000 



160,091,000 

96,634,000 

6,163,000 

5,981,000 



268,869,000 




1 No official statistics 



2 Area in 1C07 (census). 



16 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 581. 

Table 7. — Oat crop of countries named, 1911-191.J — rontinued. 



Country. 


Area. 


Production. 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1 VOROPE— continued . 

Rus.sia: 

Russia proper 

Poland 


A errs. 

3S,:39,H,000 

2, 894, 000 

1,311,000 


Acres. 


Acres. 


Bushels. 
690,753,000 
78,465,000 
23,681,000 


Bu.3hcls. 


Bushels. 
















'.: .' ".:'.\..:v:.:v: 










Total Russia (Eu- 


42,603,000 


145,785,000 


147,512,000 


792,899,000 


972,111,000 


11,169,490,000 








259,000 
1,268,000 
1,952,000 


262,000 
1,279,000 

(=) 


(2) 

1,351,000 

C-) 


5,050,000 
33,858,000 
63,462,000 


5,477,000 
23,035,000 
75,900,000 


6,8.89,000 


Spain 


25,333,000 


Sweden 


86,000,000 






United Kingdom: 


1,841,000 
200, 000 
964, 000 

1,040,000 


1,806,000 
207,000 
956, 000 

1,046,000 


1,772,000 
202,000 
938,000 

1,049,000 


74,119,000 

7,087,000 

36,751,000 

59,207,000 


68,431,000 

7,040,000 

37,928,000 

66, 867, 000 


70,387,000 


"Wales 


6,981,000 


Scotland 


37,148,000 


Ireland 


66,610,000 






Total, United King- 
dom 


4,051,000 


4,075,000 


3,961,000 


177,164,000 


180,206,000 


181,126,000 






Total 






2,3.53,295,000 


2, .584, 171, 000 


2, 960, 929, 000 










ASIA. 

Cyprus 


r-) 


(=) 


(2) 


466,000 


419,000 


500,000 






Russia: 


1,024,000 

3,9.53,000 

2,000 






12,197,000 

53,272,000 

37,000 






Siberia . 































Total Russia (Asiatic) 


4,979,000 


(') 


(') 


65,506,000 


95,473,000 


(^) 


Total 


1 




65,972,000 


95,892,000 












AFRICA. 


434,000 
148, 000 
(2) 


476,000 
124,000 

(2) 


539,000 

(=) 

(2) 


11,520,000 
4,650,000 
9,661,000 


12,351,000 

2,007,000 

< 9,061,000 


17,973,000 


Tunis 


4,134,000 


Union of South Africa 


4 9,061,000 


Total. .... 


1 




25, .831, 000 


24,079,000 


31,768,000 










AUSTRALA.SIA. 

Australia: 


2,000 
78,000 
393,000 
78,000 
62,000 
64,000 


1,000 
71,000 
302,000 
108,000 
84,000 
51,000 


4,000 

C') 
C-) 

156,000 
(2) 
(2) 


52,000 

1,756,000 

10,005,000 

1, 172, 000 

801,000 

2,128,000 


6,000 
1,191,000 
4,730,000 
1,392,000 
992,000 
1,552,000 


85,000 


New South Wales 

Victoria 




South Australia 

AVestern Australia 

Tasmania 


1,726,000 






Total Australia 


677,000 


617,000 


874,000 


15,914,000 


9, 863, 000 


16,625,000 


New Zealand 


303,000 


404,000 


387,000 


10,412,000 


20,282,000 


14,013,000 






Total Australasia 


980,000 


1,021,000 


1,261,000 


2ti, 326, 000 


30,145,000 


30, 638, 000 










3,808,561,000 


4,618,644,000 


4,672,168,000 













1 Includes Asiatic Russia (10 Governments of). 

2 No official statistics. 



3 Included in European Russia. 
* Repetition of 1911 census figures. 



Table 8. — T'otal production of oats in countries named in Table 7, 1895-1913. 



Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


1895 

1896 

1897.^ 

1898.. 

1899 


Bushels. 
3,008,154,000 
2,847,115,000 
2,633.971,000 
2, 903; 974, 000 
3,256,256,000 


1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 


Bushels. 
3,166,002,000 
2,862,615,000 
3,626,303,000 
3,378,034,000 
3,011,302,000 


1905 

1900 

1907 

1908 

1909 


Bushels. 
3,510,167,000 
3,544,961,000 
3,603,893,000 
3, .591, 012, 000 
4, 312, .8.82, 000 


1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 


• Bu.'ihcls. 
4,182,410,000 
3,808,501,000 
4,618,044,000 
4,072,108,000 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 17 

OATS FROM CANADA. 

By Frank Andrews. 

The increased importation of corn from Argentina has ])een accom- 
panied by an unusual importation of oats from Canada into the 
United States. Rehitively small consignments were received in 
July, August, and September, 1913, and with October a larger 
movement began. In that month the total imports of oats into the 
United States amounted to about 2,525,000 bushels, in November 
to 5,132,000, in December to 5,578,000, and in January, 1914, 
2,959,000. AH but a very smaU proportion of these imports was 
received from Canada, the amounts from other countries being but 
a few hundred bushels at the most in a month. The total imports 
during the four months endhig January, 1914, amounted to over 
16,000,000 bushels, or more than the total imports during the seven 
years jjeginning July 1, 1906, and ending June 30, 1913. The m- 
creased importation followed a short harvest. The oat crop of tlie 
United States in 1913 was 297,000,000 bushels under the crop of 1912, 
which, however, was the largest on record, and from which nearly 
34,000,000 bushels were exported from the United States. In 1911 
the short crop of 922,000,000 bushels was foUowed by an importa- 
tion, ^chiefly from Canada, of 2,622,000 bushels. The crops, imports, 
and exports for a series' of years are shown in Table 9. 

The average farm price of oats in the United States on December 1, 
1913, was 39.2 cents, or 7.3 cents per bushel above the corresponding 
price December 1, 1912. For the month of December, 1913, the 
cash prices of contract oats at Chicago ranged from 37f cents to 40J 
cents per bushel and in the corresponding month of 1912, 31 ^ to 33| 
cents per bushel; the increase in price in December, 1913, was approxi- 
mately the same both on the farms of the United States and at Chi- 
cago, the increase being not far from 7 cents per busliel. In 1910, 
when the crop was about 5 per cent greater than that of 1913, the 
price at Chicago in December ranged from 31 to 32 J cents per bushel 
for contract oats, or about the same as in 1912, and the average farm 
price for the United States December 1, 1910, v/as 34.4 cents, or 2.5 
cents above 1912. The 1910 crop was not low enough to invite im- 
ports to any extent, the total receipts from foreign countries in the 12 
months following July 1, 1910, being slightly over 107,000 bushels. In 
the following year, however, when production dropped below 1 billion 
bushels, the farm price on December 1 rose to 45 cents per bushel, 
or about one-third more than in the preceding year; and the Chicago 
prices were from 45f to 47f cents per bushel, while the imports in the 
fiscal year beginning July 1, 1911, rose to 2,622,000 bushels, the high- 
est figure for 3 years, 

32786°— Bull. 581—14 3 



18 



FABMEK.S' BULLETIN 581. 



It is apparent, therefore, that the short crop and the large imports 
of oats for 1913 were not attended by a great increase of price in 
the United States. 

Table 9. — Production, exports, and imports of oats, for the United States, 1906-1913. 





Trod net ion. 


Exports 
(domestic), 
12 months 
beginning 

Julyl. 


Imports, 12 months beginning July 1. 


Year. 


From 

Canada. 


From other 
countries. 


Total. 


1906 


Bushels. 

964,905,000 

754,443,000 

807,156,000 

1,007,129,000 

1,186,341,000 

922,298,000 

1,418,337,000 

1,121,768,000 


Bushels. 
4,014,042 
1,158,622 
1,510,230 
1,685,474 
2,044,912 
2,171,503 

33, 759, 177 


BiLshels. 

72, 707 

273,826 

5,047,636 

946, 479 

97, 062 

2, 609, 307 

708,033 


Bushels. 
1,845 
90, 481 
1,619,353 
88, 032 
10, 256 
13,050 
15,866 


Bushels. 
74, 552 


1907 


364,307 


1908 


0,666,989 


1909 


1,034,511 


1910 


107, 313 


1911 


2,622,357 


1912 


723,899 


1913 










1 



The oat crop of Canada in 1908-1912 averaged 328,000,000 bush- 
els a year, of which 2 per cent was exported. Hence the average 
yearly surplus of Canada was equal to only 0.6 of 1 per cent of the 
average crop of the United States. More than one-half of the 
Canadian production of 1908-1^)12 was harvested in the region 
extending from the crest of the Canadian Rocky Mountains to 
Lake Superior, and embraced in the Provinqes of Alberta, Saskat- 
chewan, and Manitoba. The crops of the Province of Ontario also 
were large ones, usually exceeding those of any single province except 
Saskatchewan; hence, the principal oat-producing regions of Canada 
border on the United States from eastern New York to western 
Idaho, and are connected by convenient rail or water transportation 
with most of the leading grain markets of this country. 



OTHER WORLD CROPS. 

By Charles M. Daugherty. 

THE WORLD BARLEY CROP. 

Barley has a remarkable adaptability to different environments. 
It is a favorite grain in a number of subtropical regions; is the sec- 
ond most important grain in Japan, and continues to hold its place 
in the countries of the ancient civilizations in western Asia and 
bordermg the Mediterranean. Its cultivation in western Asia is 
mentioned in very ancient writmgs, and a wild, two-rowed barley is 
still found m Palestme that has been claimed to be the parent of 
ths cultivated variety. Notwithstandmg its apparent southern 
origin, it is grown more successfully than any other gram in extreme 
northern latitudes, being often the leading grain crop in such regions, 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 

particularly in northern Enropc and in Iceland. It grows also at 
very high elevations. 

W^iile barley is used large!}' for malting purposes, it forms the 
prmcipal dependence for stock feed in northern regions not suitable 
for the growing of crops more generally appreciated as food for live 
stock. Its excellence for this purpose also assists to maintain its 
importance in the more southern latitudes. 

Similarly, its use as an important human food, which in ancient 
times was very general, still persists in Japan, in western Asia, and 
in north Africa, while in districts of the north of Europe, where 
climatic conditions are too rigorous for other cereal crops, barley 
becomes the main dependence for bread, as does rye in the less ex- 
treme northern latitudes. Its use elsewhere is general, but not 
large, being most commonly utilized in the form of "pearl" barley 
for soups, etc. 

Though the production of barley in this country, excepting that 
grown in the Pacific Coast States, is at present miportant only in 
those States settled largely by farmers from the northern regions 
of Europe familiar with the cultivation of this grain in their former 
home lands, it is a crop suitable for a large portion of the country, 
includmg the Southern States. 

The production in the United States is increasing more rapidly 
than any of the other leading cereals. From 1870 to the banner 
cereal year 1912 it increased ninefold, agamst fourfold for oats, 
threefold for corn and wheat, and twofold for rye. 

The international trade in barley is nearly one-third as large as 
that in wheat, but is material only for a few countries, almost two- 
thirds of that exported coming from Russia, and considerably more 
than half of the total imports being taken by Germany. German 
imports m 1913 were close to 150 million bushels, and those into 
Great Britam over 50 million. Exports from both countries are 
insignificant. The Netherlands imported over 40 million bushels, 
which, coupled with exports almost as great, show the movement to 
have been largely through, rather than merely into, that country. 
Belgium imported over 17 million bushels. Imports into other 
countries are of little moment. 

Kussia's contribution of about 177 million bushels to the inter- 
national trade, in 1913 was supplemented by exports of about 30 
million from the Netherlands, 17 from Roumania, 14 from Canada, 
12 from the United States, 12 from Hungary, and 10 from India, 
v/ith relatively small exports from other countries. 



20 



FARMERS BULLETIN 581. 
Table 10. — BurJeij crop of countries named, 1911-1913. 



Couutry. 


Area. 


Production. 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1911 


1912 


1913 


NORTH AMERICA. 

United States 


Acres. 
7, 627, 000 


Acres. 
7, 530, 000 


Acres. 
7,499,000 


Bushels. 
160, 240, 000 


Bushels. 
223,824,000 


Bushels. 
178,189,000 


(Canada: 

New Bmnswick 

Quebec 


3,000 
100, 000 
520, 000 
448,000 
274,000 
164,000 
13,000 


3,000 
94,000 
512,000 
481,000 
292, 000 
187,000 
13,000 


2,000 
89, 000 
485,000 
496,000 
332, 000 
197,000 
12,000 


79,000 
2,271,000 
13, 722, 000 
14,949,000 
8,661,000 
4,356,000 
377,000 


74,000 
2,226,000 
15,093,000 
15,826,000 
9,575,000 
6,179,000 
405, 000 


74,000 
2,263,000 
14 589 OOO 


Ontario 


Manitoba 


14,305,000 
10,421,000 
6 334 000 


Saskatchewan 


Alberta 


Other 


'333^000 




Total Canada 


1,522,000 


1,582,000 


1,613,000 


44,415,000 


49, 378, 000 


48,319,000 


Mexico 


(') 


(') 


(1) 


6,500,000 


6,500,000 


7,000,000 




Total 








211,155,000 


279,702,000 


233,508,000 










EUROPE. 

Austria-Hiingarj- : 
Austria 


2, 710, 000 

2, 736, 000 

158, 000 

180, 000 


2,634,000 

2,603,000 

156, 000 

220, 000 


2, 699, 000 
2, 866, 000 
158,000 
(') 


69,383,000 
73,596,000 
2, 640, 000 
2,970,000 


74,145,000 

70, 140, 000 

1,978,000 

2,857,000 


75 923 000 


Hungary proper 

Croatia-Slav onia 

Bosnia-Herzegovina 


75,845,000 
2,956,000 
3, 904, 000 


Total Austria-Hun- 
gary 


5,784,000 


5,613,000 




148,589,000 


149,120,000 


158,628,000 






Belgium 


83,000 

621,000 

2 578,000 

(') 

1,908,000 

3,917,000 

612, 000 

09, 000 

2 89, 000 

1,253,000 


84,000 

(') 

(') 

0) 
1,877,000 
3, 928, 000 
604, 000 

66,000 

(') 
1,235,000 


84,000 

(') 

(') 

(>) 
1,890,000 
4, 087, 000 
620, 000 

66, 000 

(') 
1,390,000 


4, 445, 000 
12,390,000 
21,016,000 

6,631,000 
47,631,000 
14.5,132,000 
10, 882, 000 

3, 416, 000 

2, 550. 000 
26, 157, 000 


4, 316, 000 

10, 000, 000 

22, 872, 000 

6, 759, 000 

49, 079, 000 

159, 924, 000 

8, 403, 000 

3, 364, 000 

3, 086, 000 

21,295,000 


4, 142, OOO 
10 000 000 


Bulgaria 


Denmark 


23, 000, 000 


Finland 


6, 368, 000 
48,370,000 
188 709,000 


France 


Germany 


Italy 


10, 803, 000 
3,296,000 


Ketherlands 


Norway 


3 202,000 


Roumania 


27, 339, 000 






Russia: 
Russia proper 


23,013,000 
1,240,000 
3, 836, 000 






320,959,000 
27, 938, 000 
55, 296, 000 






Poland 










Northern Caucasia 




















Total Russia (Euro- 
pean) 3 


2S, 089, 000 


■> 28, 873, 000 


^31,197,000 


404,193,000 


i 464, 200, 000 


4 574,118,000 




Servia 


255 000 '^f'' 111 


(') 
3,869,000 


4 609 000 4 "■■^ 111 ' 


3, 445, 000 
68 772 000 


Spain 


3, 567, 000 
446,000 


3, 298, 000 
(■) 


86, 792, 000 
13, 725, 000 


59, 994, 000 
13,660,000 


Sweden 


17 000,01X1 






United Kingdom: 
England 


1, 337, 000 
87,000 
174,000 
158, 000 


1,365,000 
92, 000 
192, 000 
165, 000 


1, 470, 000 
90, 000 
198,000 
173, 000 


43, 378, 000 
2,729,000 
6, 489, 000 
7, 039, 000 


42, 897, 000 
2, 839, 000 
7,117,000 
7, 259, 000 


49, 337, 000 
2, 788, 000 
7, 598, 000 
8, 004, 000 


Wales... . 


Scotland . ; 


Ireland 




• Total United King- 
dom 


1,756,000 


1,814,000 


1,931,000 


59 695 000 


fin 119 nnn 


67, 727, 000 








Total 








997,853,000 


1, 040, 961, 000 


1,214,919,000 












ASIA. 

Briti.sh India 


7, 840, 000 
(') 


(') 
(') 


(■) 
(') 


(') 
2, 229, 000 


0) 
2, 049, 000 


(I) 


Cyprus 


2 100,000 






Japanese Empire: 
Japan 


3, 173, 000 
3,000 


3, 132, 000 
(') 


3, 296, 000 
(') 


86, 468, 000 
46, 000 


90,559,000 
45,000 


101 073,000 


Formosa 


46,000 






Total Japanese Em- 
pire 








86, 514, 000 


90, 604, 000 


101,119,000 













> No official statistics. 
* Area in 1907 (Census). 



3 Exclusive of winter barley. 

* Includes Asiatic Russia (10 Governments of). 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 21 

Table 10. — Barleij crop of countries named, 1911-191-3 — Continued. 





Area. 


Production. 


Country. 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1911 


1912 


1913 


ASIA — continued. 
Russia: 


Acres. 
420, 000 
451,000 
2,000 


Acres. 


Acres. 


Bushels. 
5,694,000 
4, 300, 000 
27,000 


Bushels. 


Bushels. 
































Total Russia( Asiatic)!. 


873,000 


(2) 


r-) 


10,021,000 


12,263,000 


(.-) 


Total 








98,764,000 


104,916,000 


103.219.000 












AFRICA. 

Algeria 

Tunis 


3,320,000 
1,193,000 

V) 


3,430,000 

1,119,000 

(3) 


3, 152, 000 


47,588,000 
13, 319, COO 
1, 359, 000 


32, SS7, 000 

3. 070, 000 

* 1,359,000 


50,031,000 
6, 400, 000 


Union of South Africa 


4 1,359,000 


Total 








62, 266, 000 


37,316,000 


57.790.000 












AUSTRALASIA. 

Australia: 


6, 000 
7,000 
53, 000 
34,000 
3, 000 
5,000 


2,000 
11,000 
53, 000 
41,000 
4,000 
6,000 


9,000 

(') 
(■■') 

69,000 
(') 


86, 000 

85,000 

1,383,000 

562, 000 
35, 000 

147,000 


16,000 

133,000 

1,057,000 

725, 000 

38, 000 
153,000 


151,000 


New South Wales 


^133,000 
M, 057, 000 


Western Australia 

Tasmania 


1,360,000 

5 38, 000 

6 153,000 






Total Vustralia 


108, 000 


117,000 




2, 298, 000 


2, 122, 000 


2, 892, 000 








New Zealand 


34,000 


32,000 


37,000 


950,000 


I, 296, 000 


1,420,000 








142, 000 


149,000 




3,248,000 


3,418,000 


4,312,000 
















1, 373, 286, 000 


1; 466, 313, 000 


1,613,748,000 


.v\.' . - 











1 Exclusive of winter barley. 
- Included in European Russia. 
' No official statistics. 



4 Figures for 1911 repeated, 
s Figures for 1912 repeated. 



Table 11. — Total production of barley iti countries named in Tabic 10, 1S95-191S. 



Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 


Bushels. 
915,504,000 
932, 100, 000 
864,605,000 
1,030,581,000 
965,720,000 


1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 


Bushels. 

959, 622, 000 
1,072,195,000 
1.229,132,000 

1,235,786,000 
1,175,784,000 


1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 


Btishels. 
1, 180, 053, 000 
1,296,579,000 
1,271,237,000 
1,274,897,000 
1, 458, 203, 000 


1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 


Bushels. 
1,. 388, 7.34,000 
1, 373, 286, 000 
1,466,313,000 
1,613,748,000 



THE WORLD RYE CROP. 

The surface annually sown to ryo in the world amounts approxi- 
mately to 108 million acres; of this the heavy proportion of 95 per 
cent, or 103 million acres, is in Europe, the continent where the plant 
is believed to have originated. Native to the territory between the 
Black and Caspian Seas, its cultivation has expanded, partly because 
of an exceptional i)ower of resistance to the damaging effects of rig- 
orous winters, over large areas of central and northern Europe In 
Russia, Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands the grain is grown 
over a broader extent of land than any other cereal, and to the great 
mass of the population of these countries the "black bread" made 



22 



FARMERS BULLETIN 581. 



from rye flour is the cliief article of food. Other States in the rye 
belt — Denmark, Sweden, and Norway — though cultivating oats 
more than any other grain, give second place to rye. Rye cakes, 
especially in Sweden, are the great staple of consumption. 

In the restriction of its culture on an important scale to a few 
European nations, rye is, among the great food grains, unique. In 
the countries mentioned above an aggregate of over 94 million acres 
are now sown annually, while in all other Europe the total area each 
year is less than 9 million. The cultivation on other continents is 
of small comparative importance. So far as statistics show, less than 
3 million acres arc grown in Asia, none in Africa, excepting about 
20,000 acres in the Union of South Africa, only a few thousand 
acres in South America and Australia, and a total of loss than 3 
million acres in the United States and Canada. 



Table 12. — Bye crop of countries named, 1911-1913. 



Country. 


Area. 


rroduction. 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1911 


1912 


1913 


NOEXn AMERICA. 

United States 


Acres. 
2,127,000 


Acres. 
2,117,000 


A cres. 
2,557,000 


Bushels. 
33,119,000 


Bushels. 
35, 664, 000 


Bushels. 
41,381,000 






Canada : 
Quebec 


13,000 

97, 000 
5,000 
2,000 

14,000 

(') 


11,000 

93,000 
5,000 
3,000 

15,000 

(1) 


10,000 

85, 000 
5,000 
3,000 

16,000 

(') 


200,000 

1,728,000 

104,000 

61,000 

394,000 

5,000 


173,000 

1,711,000 

105,000 

57,000 

377,000 

5,000 


156,000 




1,567,000 




103,000 


Saskatchewan 


68,000 


Alberta 


398,000 


other 


8,000 






Total Canada 


131,000 


127, 000 


119,000 


2,492,000 


2, 428, 000 


2,300,000 


Mexico 


(=) 


(') 


0) 


70,000 


70,000 


70,000 






Total 






35,681,000 


38,162,000 


43,751,000 










EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary : 


4,995,000 

2,557,000 

176,000 

30,000 


5,021,000 

2, 660, 000 

188,000 

41,000 


4,853,000 

2,677,000 

167,000 


105,269,000 

47,782,000 

2,541,000 

379,000 


119,629,000 

49,000,000 

1,350,000 

450,000 


109,099,000 


Hungary proper 

Croatia-Slavonia 

Bosnia-Herzegovina 


52,256,000 

2,553,000 

066,000 


Total Austria-Him- 


7,758,000 


7,910,000 




155,971,000 


170,420,000 


164,574,000 








Belctium 


648, 000 

545,000 

3 682, 000 

2,902,000 
15,161,000 
302,000 
557, 000 
3 37, 000 
326,000 


(^) 
(^) 
I') 

b) 

2,969,000 

15, 489, 000 

305, 000 

564,000 

265, 000 


(2) 

(^) 

i') 

(») 

2, 958, 000 

15,849,000 

307, 000 

562, 000 

(2) 
224,000 


24,360,000 

8,992,000 

19,286,000 

10, 153, 000 

45,894,000 

427,776,000 

5,297,000 

16,110,000 

948, COO 

4,989,000 


21,342,000 

10,000,000 

IS, 473, 000 

12,344,000 

48, 890, 000 

456,600,000 

5,285,000 

16, 094, 000 

1,042,000 

3,583,000 


21,385,000 


Bulgari a 


9,000,000 


Denmark 


18, 736, 000 


Finland 


12,104,000 


France 


52, 677, 000 


Germany 


481,169,000 


Italy 


5,. 589, 000 


Netherlands 


15,265,0100 


Norvv'ay 


973,000 


Eoumania 


3,711,000 






Eussia: 
Ivussia proper 


65,0.-8,000 

5, 258. 000 

520, 000 






e-!2, 173, CrOO 

95, 453, 000 

4,739,000 






Poland 










Northern Caucasia. . 



















Total Russia (Euro- 
pean) 


70,836,000 


< 72, 933, 000 


« 74, 990, 000 


742,365,000 


1,011,029,000 


U, 002,468,000 



1 Less than 500 acres. 

2 No offlcial statistics. 



8 Area in 1907 (census). 
* Includes Asiatic Russia. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 23 

Table 12. — Rye crop of countries named, 1911-1913 — Continued. 





Area. 


Production. 


Country. 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1911 


1912 


1913 


EUROPE— coutinued. 
Servia 


A ores. 

123,000 
1,987,000 

989, 000 
55,000 


A cres. 

123,000 
1,944,000 

Q) 

62,000 


Acres. 

(') 
1,917,000 

C) 

58,000 


Bushels. 

1,711,000 
28,897,000 
23,825,000 

1,750,000 


Bushels. 

1,748,000 
18,867,000 
23,323,000 

1,500,000 


Bushels. 
1,378,000 


Spain 


27,916,000 


Sweden 


22,000,000 




1,750,000 






Total 









1,518,324,000 


1,820,540,000 


1,840,695,000 


ASL\.. 

Russia: 


241,000 

2,113,000 

1,000 






587,000 

19, 086, 000 

13, 000 




































Total Russia (Asiatic) 


2,355,000 


(=) 


(2) 1" 19,686,000 


32,953,000 


C) 


AUSTRALASU. 

Australia: 






C) 
1,000 

(*) 

C) 


2,000 

59,000 

34,000 

8,000 

6,000 

24, 000 


* 


2,000 


Victoria 


4,000 
3,000 
1,000 
1,000 
1,000 


2,000 
1,000 
1,000 


26, 000 
10,000 
7,000 
3,000 
13,000 


50,000 
25,000 


South Australia 


10,000 
8,000 


Tasmania 


2,000 


15,000 








10,000 


6,000 




133,000 


59,000 


110,000 










4,000 


6.000 


(') 1 109,000 


90, 000 


90,000 












14,000 1 12,000 




242,000 1 149,000 


200,000 














1,573,933,000 


1,891,804,000 


1,884,646,000 











1 No official statistics. 

2 Included under European Russia. 



3 Less than 500 acres. 
* No oflicial statistics of area. 



Table 13. — Total production of nje in countries named in Table 12. 1S95-1913. 



Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 


Bushels. 
1,468,212,000 
1,499,250,000 
1,300,645,000 
1,461,171,000 
1,583,179,000 


1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 


Bushels. 
1,557,634,000 
1,416,022,000 
1,047,845,000 
1,659,961,000 
1,742,112,000 


1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 


Bushels. 
1,495,751,000 
1,433,395,000 
1,538,778,000 
1,590,057,000 
1,747,123,000 


1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 


Bushels. 
1,673,473,000 
1,573,933,000 
1,891,804,000 
1,884,646,000 



THE WORLD POTATO CROP. 

Table 14 gives as near!}" ajs possible the area under potatoes tlirougli- 
out the world in 1910, 1911, and 1912, and the world's production 
for the same years. The areas and production for 1913 are available 
for a few countries, but their total would not be comparable to the 
totals of the preceding years. The most strildng fact exhibited in 
the table is the immense preponderance of Germany in the produc- 
tion of this crop. Out of a total of 5,945,846,000 bushels, tho 
world's crop of 1912, Germany produced 1,844,863,000 bushels, or 
31 per cent. It is remarkable that the immense Russian Empire, 
with 8,291,429 square miles, produced only about three-fourths the 
quantity of potatoes that Germany produced on her 208,780 square 



24 



PARMERS BULLETIN 581. 



miles, while the United States, with 3,026,789 square miles, produced 
not quite one-fourth the German crop, although the area under 
potatoes in the United States was nearly half the potato area of 
Germany, and the Russian potato area exceeded that of Germany 
by nearly 3,000,000 acres. The explanation is to be found in the 
j^act that only 28 per cent of the German potato crop is used for 
human consumption, while the rest is used in the arts and for stock 
food. For the last-named purpose nearly 42 per cent is used, show- 
ing that Germany, with a very limited area of pasture land, has to 
depend largely on garnered produce to feed her live stock. The 
steady increase of the German potato crop, with a practically sta- 
tionary acreage, shows the possibilities of intensive cultivation. 

By comparing the production of 1911 with that of 1912, for the 
principal countries, it is seen that the former was a lean year, the 
latter a fat year,' representing an advance not only over 1911 but in 
most cases over earlier years, the German production of 1912 b&ing 
the highest on record. The United Kingdom is an exception, its 
production in 1912 having been the lowest since 1908. 

Table 14. — Acreage arid production of potatoes, 1910-1912. 



Country. 




Area. 




Production. 


1910 


1911 


1912 


1910 


1911 


, 1912 


NORTH AMERICA. 

Tnited States (contigu- 
ous) 


Acres. 
3,720,000 


Acres. 
3,619,000 


Acres. 
3,711,000 


Busliels. 
349,032,000 


Bushels. 
292,737,000 


Bushels. 
420,647,000 






Canada: 
Prince E dward Island . . 
Nova Scotia 


31.000 
31,000 
40,000 
125,000 
158,000 
26,000 
24,000 
20, 000 
11,000 


31.000 
31,000 
41,000 
124. 000 
157,000 
26,000 
30,000 
24.000 
15,000 


33,000 
32,000 
43,000 
116,000 
158,000 
27,000 
31,000 
27,000 
17,000 


4,203,000 
3,582,000 
5,228,000 
15,548,000 
17,295,000 
2,866.000 
2.917.000 
2,. 340, 000 
1,631,000 


5,581,000 
5,641,000 
8,826,000 
15,763,000 
16,043,000 
5,490,000 
5,510,000 
4,600,000 
3,778,000 


6,741,000 
9,447,000 


New Brunswick 

Quebec 


7,-558,000 
15,945,000 


Ontario 


22,090,000 


Manitoba 


6,182,000 


Saskatchewan 


6,552,000 


Alberta 


5,775,000 


British Columbia 


3,995,000 


Total Canada 


466,000 


479,000 


484,000 


55,610,000 


71.238,000 


84,885,000 




(1) 


0) 
0) 


0) 


924,000 
1.542.000 


924,000 
1,533,000 


924,000 


Newfoundland 


1,524,000 






Total 








407.108.000 


366,432,000 


507,980,000 












SOUTH AMERICA. 


127,000 
53,000 


267.000 
68,000 


(1) 
66,000 


44.564.000 
7, 862, 000 


18,923,000 
7,440,000 


50,000,000 


Chile 


9, 656, 000 






Total 








52,426,000 


26,363,000 


59,656,000 












EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary : 


3,069,000 

1,508,000 

193,000 

97,000 


3,108,000 

2,666,000 

190,000 

49, 000 


3,092.000 

2,659,000 

240,000 

62,000 


491,126,000 

176,974,000 

28,490,000 

5,048,000 


426,406,000 

163,067,000 

23,138,000 

2,329,000 


460,821,000 


Hungary proper 

Croatia-Slav onia 

Bosnia-Herzegovina 


199.017,000 
22,997,000 
3,472,000 


Total Austria -Hun- 
gary 


4,867,000 


6,013,000 


6,053,000 


701,638,000 


614,940,000 


686,307,000 






Belgium 


(■) 

7,000 
134,000 
(') 


387,000 

8,000 

134,000 


(') 
151,000 

(') 


104,719,000 

432,000 

30,517,000 

17,386,000 


100,9.34,000 

511,000 

29.523.000 

22,691,000 


100,000,000 


Bulgaria 


500,000 


Denmark 


28. 889, 000 


Finland 


23, 488, 000 



I No official statistics. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 

Tab.k U.^Acreage and production of potatoes, ,o,o-L9.. -Continued. 



25 



Country . 




EUROPE— continued . 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Italy... 

Luxemburg 

Malta 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Roumania: 

Potatoes alone 

Potatoes among corn. 

Total Roumania | 

Russia: 
Russia proper 

Poland .-•• 

Northern Caucasia. 

Total Russia (Euro- 
pean) 

Servla 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Unitetll^'ingdom: 

England 

Scotland 

Wales 

Ireland 

Total United King- 
dom 



Total. 



Japan . 

Russian Asiatic 

Total 



Algeria 

Union of South Africa: 
Capo of Good Hope... 

Natal 

Transvaal. 
Onuigc Free btatc. 



Acres. 
3 SL'a.OOO 
S. 145, 000 

702,000 

3(5,000 

4,000 

401,000 

102,000 

2.5,000 
50,000 



Aaes. 
3 853,000 
8,207.000 

(') 
712,000 

36,000 

4,000 

411,000 

102,000 

30,000 
01,000 



Acres I Bushels. 

3,863,000 313.189,000 

8 2.57,000 1,597,1/4,000 



C) 

712,000 
37,000 

(') 

426,000 
102,000 

30,000 
60,000 



331.000 

56,563,000 

5,085,000 

054,000 
88,377,000 
22,398,000 

3,847,000 
999,000 



4,846,000 



8,059,000 

2,. 586,000 
202. 000 



10.Si7,000 

28,000 
79S, 000 
377,000 

0) 



8,166,000 

2,606,000 

203,000 



377,000 

137, 000 

26,000 

593,000 



10,975,000 

31,000 

378, 000 
(1) 



(') 
0) 
(') 



898. 152, 000 

400, 234. 000 

15,637,000 



5,669,000 



Bushels. 

552,074,000 

1,844,863,000 

551,000 

56,313.000 

8.683.000 

2 834,000 

121,878,000 

29,825,000 

3,748,000 
1,084,000 

4,832,000 



C) 
632,000 

0) 
0) 



403,000 

143,000 

27,000 

591,000 



437,000 
150,000 
26,000 
595,000 



,314,023,000 

XllO^OOO 
91,014,000 
66,855,000 
46,712,000 



1.113,099,000 1,356,824,000 



851,120,000 925,775,000 

078 3(;-9,000 411.281,000 
13 670,000 I 19,768,000 



2,154,000 

92,000,000 

58,391,000 

2 46,712,000 



1,133,000 



1,164,000 1,208,000 



92 108,000 1 99,858,000 

32' 790 000 36,107,000 

4 915 000 6,547,000 

107' 178 000 137,941,000 



2,134,000 

93,089,000 

65,765,000 

2 46,712,000 



78,961,000 

35,041,000 

4,704,000 

95,077,000 



236,991,000 |^0J5M00_|_213^783^ 
rm0l4y000'J4, 323, 270^i 5^;^g^^^ 




Australia : 

Queensland 

New South Wales. 

Victoria 

South Australia.. 
Western Australia. 
Tasmania. 

Total Australia. 

New Zealand . 

Total Australasia.. 

Grand total. 



1 No official statistics. 
32786°— Bull. 581-14 4 



2 Data for 1911. 



i;^i^8,000 14,799,807,000 5,945,846,000 
3 Census figures for 1911. 



26 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 581. 

THE WORLD FLAX CROP. 

Pre\ious to the invention of the cotton gin, the flax plant was tire 
chief source of raw material for the textile industries and for the 
spinning and weaving handicrafts that were an essential feature of 
every household. Excepting in Europe, its culture for fiber during 
the subsequent century practically ceased, and an extensive industry — 
confined almost exclusively to certain parts of the laiited States, 
Canada, Argentina, and British India — has been developed in the 
cultivation of the plant for its seed, the straw with a few miimportant 
exceptions being treated as a cumbereome waste. The seed is 
utilized almost entirely for the extraction of linseed oil, valuable 
because of its exceptional drying properties, in the manufacture of 
paint, linoleum, patent leather, printer's ink, and soap; the residue, 
linseed oilcake, because of its high nitrogenous content, is one of 
the most valuable of cattle feeds. 

Modern flax culture therefore serves two important purposes; of 
the 19 milhon acres which approximately represent the total area sown 
in the world, upward of 5 million acres (of which 3^ million acres 
are in Russia) arc devoted primarily to the production of fiber; the 
remaining 14 million acres are cultivated almost exclusively for the 
seed. 

Cultivation differs somewhat according to the purpose for which 
the product is designed. In fiber production the sowing of from 2 
to 3 bushels of seed per aci'e, and the careful pulling and handling 
of the straw by hand, has for its chief object long straight and silky 
fiber; the yield of seed, partly because the plant is usually cut a little 
before maturity, is generally small. The seed, however, constitutes 
a product of valuable secondary importance, especiall}^ in Russia, 
where the enormous acreage, even with a small }deld per acre, gives 
the country rank as one of the largest producers. In other fiber- 
producing countries the saving of the seed is of minor importance 
and in Iieland it is neglected altogether. 

In the culture of flax for seed, on the other hand, the common cus- 
tom is to sow only from 2 to 3 pecks per acre. The result is a short 
straw and a coarse fiber, and the effect of the subsequent thrashing 
of the seed by machinery is to destroy whatever value the straw may 
have had for textile purposes. In no country where flax is grown 
exclusively for the 'seed does the straw to any great extent serve 
manufacturing uses; probably the most successful example is the 
manufacture in a small way of binder twine, though many efforts 
have been made to use it for paper stock and some other purposes. 
In this connection it may be of interest to note that, after the close of 
the Civil War, when flax growing for seed in the United States was 
largely concentrated in southern Oliio, quite an extensive industry 
sprang up there in the manufacture of cotton bagging from the 



THE AGPilGULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 2-7 

coarse fiber obtained from the stmw, an otherwise vahaeless product. 
The removal of the customs duty on the competing prockict, jute, 
together vnih other causes, soon annihihited the industry. Fhixseed 
cultivation in its migratory movement northwestward to its present 
center in the Dakotas and western Canada has since increased in 
mammoth proportions, but the industry of utilizing the fiber in the 
manufacture of cotton bagging has never been resumt^d. 

Of the four countries which produce flax for the seed alone, Argen- 
tina in the winter of 1913-14 produced, according to the preliminary 
estimate of the Argentine Department of Agriculture, 38,974,000 
bushels from 2,614,000 acres. Canada's crop in the fall of 1913 was 
17,539,000 bushels from 1,552,800 acres; the 1913 crop of the United 
States was 17,583,000 bushels from 2,291,000 acres, and that har- 
vested in British India in the spring of 1913 was 21,428,000 bushels. 
The total 1913 product of the four countries which, excepting the 
crop of Russia, constitutes the commercial crop of the world, was 
almost 98 million bushels, as compared with 102 million bushels in the 
previous year. Table 15 is a detailed statement of the area and pro- 
duction of flaxseed and flax fiber for the years 1912, 1911, and 1910 
for all countries for which figures are available. 



28 



FARMEES BULLETIN 581. 



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THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



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30 



FAKMEES' BULLETIN 581. 



Table 16. — Total production of Jlax (seed and fiber) in countries named in Table 15, 

1S96-1912. 



Year. 


Production. 


Year. 


Production. 


Seed. 


Fiber. 


Seed. 


Fiber. 


1S9G 


Bushels. 

82,684,000 

57,596,000 

72,938,000 

66,347,000 

62,431,000 

72,314,000 


Pounds. 
1,714,205,000 
1,498,054,000 
1,780,693,000 
1,138,763,000 
1,315,931,000 
1 . 0.^iO. '260. 000 


1905 


Bushels. 
100,458,000 

>i^, 165, 000 
102,960,000 
100, 850, 000 
100, 820, 000 

85,053,000 
101,118,000 
126,200,000 


Pounds. 
1,494,229,000 
1,871,723,000 


1897 


1906 


1898 


1907 


2, 042, 390, 000 


1899 


1908 


1,907, .591, 000 


1900 


1909 


1,381,524,000 
891,112,000 


1901 


1910 


1902 :. 


83,891,000 i;5(i4;846i600 
110,455,000 1,492,383,000 
107,743,000 1.517.922.000 


1911 


1,284,607,000 


1903 


1912 




1904 










, 





ARGENTINE BEEF. 

By George K. Holmes. 

MOST PROMINENT NEW SUPPLY. 

Chilled and frozen beef is coming from Argentina at a rate of 
9,000,000 pounds monthly, and the importations are exciting con- 
jectures concerning their importance in the supply of dressed beef 
for consumption in the United States. In October last this country 
received from Argentina 2,069,794 pounds of chilled and frozen beef; 
in November, 3,988,898 pounds; in December, 9,440,488 pounds; 
in January, 8,935,797 pounds; or, in the fom' months, a total of 
24,434,977 pounds. 

Argentina, hov\'ever, contributed 58 per cent to the total imports 
of chilled and frozen beef during the four months, the remainder 
cofuing from Australia, New Zealand, Uruguay, Canada, and Mexico. 
Argentina is far in the lead as a source of imports of dressed beef into 
this countr}^, and has future possibilities of enormous increase, and 
therefore an examination of the factors of the situation is timely. 

RISE OF THE ARGENTINE EXPORT TRADE. 

Many years ago Argentina established an export trade in salted 
beef, at a time before fresh beef was preserved by freezing or chilling, 
and years ago also live cattle were exported, chiefly to England. In 
the com'se of time Argentine cattle became infected with the foot and 
mouth disease, and the British Government, to protect home cattle, 
prohibited the importation of live cattle from Argentina. 

Argentina, however, had become too imi3orta,nt a source of fresh 
beef to the United Kingdom to be lost, and consequently British 
and other companies cstabHshed slaughtering and freezing works in 
Argentina knd exported the frozen beef, mostly to England. 

A revolutionary element was introduced into the Argentme ex- 
portation of frozen beef by the diminishing per capita supply of beef 
in the United States, which rapidly led to the extinction of the ex- 
port trade of this country in refrigerated beef. This beef had mostly 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 31 

gone to tlie United Kingdom. Four of the great slaughtering com- 
panies of Chicago and other cities bought or built slaughtering and 
chilling or freezing establishments in Argentina and speedily domi- 
nated the business of slaughtering beef animals there for export. 

In 1911 the seven freezing companies then operating in Argen- 
tina made a combine Hmiting in a certain degree the exportation 
of chilled and frozen beef. In April, 1913, one of these companies, 
which in the meantime had passed into the control of a Chicago com- 
pany, expressed a desire to increase its shipments because of the in- 
creased capacity of its works, but this proposition was not agreed to 
by the other companies and the agreement of 1911 was not renewed. 
Of the seven companies, two were Argentine, three English, and two, 
although registered as Argentine companies, belonged to Chicago 
companies. 

At the present time there are nine establishments for slaughtering, 
chilUng or freezing, and exporting beef, located in or near Buenos 
Aires, and five of these companies are owned or operated by Chicago 
slaughtering and packing houses. These 'five do by far the ^ajoi 
portion of the entire business. 

NUMBER OF CATTLE IN ARGENTINA. 

In a census taken in i\j"gentina in 188S it was ascertained that there 
were 21,961,657 cattle iii that country, and that of these cattle 
17,574,572 were natives, 8,388,801 were grades, and only 37,858 were 
purebreds and crossbreds. Not included in the foregoing classes were 
960,426 milch cows and work oxen. 

By the time of the national census of 1895 the number of cattle in 
Ai'gentina had slightly declined, and the total was 21,701, *26. The 
native cattle had absolutely and relatively declined very considerably 
and the grades and piu'ebreds had increased correspondingly. 

In 1908 there was a live-stock census which ascertained that the 
number of cattle in Ai'gentina was 29,116,625; this number was 
larger than for any year either subsequently or j^efore. The improve- 
ment in the beef qualities of the cattle continued, and the census 
found 10,785,280 natives, or only about one-third of the total number 
of the cattle; it found 14,027,207 grades, or nearly one-half of the 
total number of cattle; and it found also 918,749 purebreds and 
crossbretls. 

The improvement of iirgentine beef cattle has been speedily" and 
intelligently performed. Argentine cattle owners have been the 
readiest and best buj'^ers of the British pure-bred beef cattle, and 
have bought them in large numbers. So rapidly have the Argentine 
cattle herds been improved in beef quaUties in recent years that they 
are now producing export beef that is not excelled by that of any 
other country at present exporting in large quantities. 



S2 



FARMERS BULLETIN 5S1. 



In consequence of drought, the estimated number of cattle in 
Argentina, December 31, 1909, was 27,824,509, a. reduction of 
1,300,000 cattle from the number of 1908. There was some recovery 
in 1910, for which year the estimate was 28,827,900, and the cattle 
hardly maintained their numbers in 1911, for which year the esti- 
mate was 28,786,168. The last estimate received in this country is 
that of December 31, 1912, which gave to Argentina 29,016,000 
cattle, a number shghtly under that of the census of May 30, 1908. 
The figures may be found in Table 17, and an analysis of the cattle 
of 1908, as determined by the census, with distinction of breed, sex, 
and age, by groups, may be found in Table 18. 

Table 17. — Xumbcr of cattle in Argentina, lSSS-191^. 



Classes. , (Ceiisus.)i 


1895. 
(Census, 
May 10. )2 


1908. 
(Censas, 
May 30. )3 


1909. 1910. 
("Estimate, (Estimate, 
Dec. 31. )< 1 Dec. 31. )^ 


1911. 1912. 
(Estimate, (Estimate, 
Dec. 31.)!i Dec. 31.)« 


Cattle: 

Natives 


17,574,572 


14,197,159 
4, 678, 348 

72, 216 
fl, 800,799 
\ 953,004 


10, 785, 280 
14, 027, 207 

918, 749 
2,163,900 
1,221,489 




, 




3,388,801 

37,858 
} 960,426 






Purebreds and cross- 
breds 












Work oxen 


j 




Total 




1 1 1 


21,961,657 


21,701,526 


29,116,625 


27,824,509 


28,827,900 


28,786,168 29,016,000 



' The Animal Industry of Argentina, by Frank W, Bicknell, Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Bui. 48, p. 57. 
' Segmido Censo de la Republica Argentina, 1895, vol. 3, pp. 200, 204. 

3 Agricultural and Pastoral Census of the Nation, 1908. Stock-breeding, vol. I, pp. 202, 310. 
* La Argentina Agricola, 1911-1912, p. 105. 

' Boletin Mensuel de Estadistica Agricola, December, 1912, p. 14. 
« Boletin Mensuel de Estadistica Agricola, May, 1913, p. 6. 

Table L'^. — Number of cattle in Argentina distinguished by breed, sex, and age groups, 

census of May SO, 1908. 



Classes. 


Total. 


Calves, 
male. 


Calves, 
female. 


BuUs. 


Steers. 


Cows for 
breeding. 


Milch 
cows. 


Work 
oxen. 


Natives 


■13,071,282 


1,668,165 


1 .111 9.^0 


517,562 

276,052 

15, 424 

77,412 


1,533,655 


5 .W4 9fiS 


1,230,621 

866,579 

5,504 

55,196 


1,049,381 

166,660 

862 

4,586 


Grades 

Purebreds 

Crossbreds 


....15,060,446 

112, 786 

.... 872,111 


2,009,691 1,' 881^339 

13,241 12,434 

129,346 106,709 


3,027,143 0,832,982 

15, 189 50, 132 

111,040 387,822 


Total 


....129, 116, 625* 

1 


3,820,443 13,511,412 


886,4.50 


4,687,027 12,825,904 


2,163,900 


1,221,489 



CONDITION OF THE CATTLE-PRODUCING INDUSTRY. 

The conditions under which beef cattle are kept and the essential 
facts relating to the beef-animal j^roducing industry have been under 
observation by three noted experts of this country, one of them as 
special agent of the Tariff Board in 1911. The Argentine beef, both 
for home consumption and for export, is not corn fed. Part of it is 
the product of native pastures, but the best of it is fed on alfalfa. 
In the Province of Buenos Aires, reports the special agent of the 
Tariff Board, "the land is worth too much money on the market to 
be profitable with cattle or sheep grazing. The summer droughts 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 33 

make it hard to grow cultivated grasses. Alfalfa is a success in 
every part of the country." ''Agriculture is coming in rapidly and 
lands are constantly being subdivided into farms. Never, so far as 
was noted, do the farmers keep live stock on their farms more than 
the animals needed for work, or perhaps some cows for dairy use, or 
a few sheep bought for food to be killed off one at a time as needed." 
One-third of the cattle of the Republic are in this Province. 

Ranchmen very often lease lands to the farmers or colonists, 
usually for wdieat growing. This withdraws the land from stock 
growing for three to five years, wdien it is sown to alfalfa and returned 
to stock again, while the colonist moves on to develop another piece 
of land from wildness to wheat and to leave it later in turn to alfalfa. 

" The Province of Entre Rios," says the special agent, "is fully occu- 
pied and fully stocked with sheep and cattle. It is a land wdiere peren- 
nial grasses are not much seen, and those found are of hard, coarse 
kinds, of little use. The nutritious grasses are mostly annuals, and 
annual clovers abound. The Province is going rapidly to agriculture." 

Concerning the Province of Corrientes, the special agent writes 
that "it is a great cattle country, but many of the herds are of the 
unimproved native stocks, with wide horns and huge bony frames. 
They go to the salting works at about five or six years of age. Good 
cattle tlii'ive in southern Corrientes and some day doubtless will over 
all of the Province." 

"There is no probability of much immediate development of the 
live-stock industry" in the Province of Chaco. In the Province of 
Santa Fe "the number of cattle, now 2,639,480, will increase, no 
doubt, owing to the laying down of lands to alfalfa." "In Pampa 
Central the 5,000,000 sheep are decreasing, due to the coming in of 
agriculture. Cattle, on the other hand, are likely to increase, as it 
is a great alfalfa-growing region." 

In summing up the results of his observations in Argentina, the 
special agent of the Tariff Board states that in his opinion "there 
is no doubt that sheep breeding in Argentina has passed its meridian 
and is now on the decline. This is because of the large immigra- 
tion to Argentina and the continually laying down of lands to 
agriculture." "Contrasting cattle breeding wath sheep breeding, the 
production of good cattle on alfalfa will no doubt increase in Argen- 
tina as time goes on, especially if prices for beef remain good. It 
is probably the most marvelous place for cattle breeding in the 
world. This is especially true of the regions where alfalfa is grown. 
In Argentina cattle seem to bloat very little on alfalfa pasture. 
They run in thousands on the alfalfa pastm-es, which are perennial, 
and in winter eat r.lfaKa hay from ricks piled up for them, without 
men taking the trouble, as a rule, to take it out for them." 



34 FAEMEES BULLETIN 5S1. 

It is important to remember, however, that the great defect in 
Argentina is the weather, w^hich is most imcertain. Rains may 
come at any time of the year or they may not come at all. Some- 
times a region will be without much, if any, ram for one, two^ or 
thi-ee years. The rainfall in normal years is just sufficient for the 
grasses and crops. In exceedmgly rare seasons it is excessive. Per- 
haps in half the years it is too light. One year in seven, more or less, 
it is withheld. In 1830 nearly aU the cattle, horses, and sheep of 
Ai'gentina j^erished for want of water, "but no doubt the losses 
were much more severe than they could be to-day, for weUs and 
windmills abound on every hand." 

SLAUGHTER OF COWS. STEERS, AND CALVES. 

'Estimates of the slaughter of cows, steers, and calves in Argentina 
have been compiled from trustworthy sources, with results that may 
be found in Table 19. Tliere are three classes of slaughtering estab- 
lishments, namely, the chilling and freezmg establishments of the 
exporters, the salting establishments, and the public slaughter- 
houses, which slaughter for domestic consumption. Although the 
total number of cattle in the Republic declined after 1908, and had 
not recovered the decrease by the end of 1912, it will be observed in 
this table that the cows slaughtered in the public slaughterhouses 
increased from 382,114 in 1908 to 948,088 in 1912; that the slaughtered 
steers increased from 445,487 in 1908 to 665,296 in 1912; and that 
the slaughtered calves increased from 194,774 in 1908 to 316,878 in 
1911, the number for 1912 not being obtainable. 

In the salting cstabhshments also the slaughter of cows and steers 
increased in large degree from 1908 to 1912. There is little or no 
calf slaughtering m these establishments. As might be expected, 
the increase of slaughter in the chilling and freezing establishments 
has been enormous. For cows, the increase was from 16,452 in 
1908 to 122,929 in 1912; for steers, the increase vras from 709,498 
in 1908 to 1,245,091 in 1912; and for calves, the increase was from 
7,835 in 1908 to 18,626 in 1912. 

Upon consohdating the slaughter of the three classes of establish- 
ments it appears that the slaughtered cows increased from 426,321 
in 1908 to 1,155,985 in 1912, or 171 per cent; the slaughtered steers 
increased from 1,375,406 in 1908 to 2,225,497 in 1912, or 62 per 
cent; and the slaughtered calves increased from 202,609 in 1908 to 
340,158 in 1911, or 68 per cent. 

To show hov/ the increased slaughter has counted against the 
restoration of the number of cattle of 1908, the percentage of increase 
of slaughter in the two years 1911 and 1912 over that of the two 
years 1909 and 1910, when the number of cattle was considerably 
diminished below the number of 1908 on account of drought, has 
been computed. The slaughter of cows increased 79 per cent, of 
steers 36 per cent, and of calves (to 1911 only) 29 per cent. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



35 



Very evidently, future increase in the supply of beef from Argen- 
tina must depend on a slaughter that is below the natural increase 
of the herds. The report of the slaughter for 1913 has not been 
received, but it is a matter of general knowledge in Argentina that 
cow slaughter was overdone during the year; and, if so, this over- 
slaughter of breeding stock has postponed to that extent an increase 
of beef production out of the natural increase ot the herds. 

Table 19. — Number of cattle slaughtered in Argentina in chilling and freezing, salting, 
and public slaughterhouses, 1904-1912. 

[1904-1911 from La Argentina Agricola, 1911-1912; 1912 from Meraoria presentada al Congre.?o de la 
Naci6n por el Ministro de Agricaltura, Dr. Adolf Mugiea, 1912.] 



Year. 


Total. Chilling and freezing establishments. 


Cows. 


Steers. 


Calves. 


Cows. 


Steers. 


Calves. 


1904 


359,307 
283, 437 
305, 279 

426, 321 

564,023 

799, 680 

1,278,328 

1, 155, 985 


988, 811 
1,290,707 
1, 280, 309 

0) 
1,375,406 
1,487,507 
1,584,495 
1,952,053 
2,225,497 


108, 454 
106,697 
119,960 
(') 
202, 609 
224, 622 
301,095 
340, 158 


1,476 

2,527 

954 

(') n 
16, 452 

39,935 

108, 338 

150, 245 

122,929 


306, 352 
517,036 
583,517 

709, 498 

758,782 

852, 150 

1,094,906 

1,245,091 




1905 




1906 




1907 


(') 


1908 


7,835 


1909 


9,989 


1910 


12, 917 


1911 


23,280 


1912 


18,626 







Year. 


Salting establishments. 


Public slaughterhouses. 


Cows. 


Steers. 


Calves. 


Cows. 


Steers. 


Calves. 


1904 


22, 781 
28, 329 
39,975 
(•) 

27, 755 
53,515 
114,381 
86, 871 
84, 968 


212,959 
304,930 
245, 103 
(1) 

220, 421 
287,981 
318,757 
300, 741 
315, 110 




335,110 
252,581 
264,350 
382, 414 
382, 114 
470, 573 
576,961 
1,041,212 
948,088 


469,500 
468,801 
471,689 
452, 780 
445,487 
440,744 
413,588 
556, 406 
665, 296 


108, 454 


1905 




106, 697 


1906 




119,960 


1907 


('; 


151,955 


1908 


194, 774 


1909 




214,633 


1910 


2,118 


286, 060 
316,878 


1911 


1912 




(I) 









1 Number omitted from sources of information. 



2 Data incomplete. 



EXPORTS OF MEAT ANIM.iLS AND PACKING-HOUSE PRODUCTS. 

A full statement of the exports of meat animals and packing-house 
products from Argentina has been compiled for each year from 1895 
to 1912, with results that may be found in Table 20. The exports 
of chilled beef did not begin until 1908, when 13,783,159 pounds were 
exported. The amount increased to 55,624,263 pounds in 1912, 
and to a much higher quantity in 1913. Argentine chilled beef is 
rapidly disj^lacing Argentine frozen beef in the British market, a 
change promoted by the Chicago interests that have become pre- 
dominant in, the Argentine chilling and freezing establishments. 

The frozen beef exported from Argentina in 1895 weighed 3,498,870 
pounds, in 1908 it weighed 384,841,590 pounds, and in 1912 it 
weighed 700,225,052 pounds. 

The exports of chilled and frozen beef increased 90 per cent from 
1908 to 1912. 



36 



TARMEES BULLETIN 581. 



The exported live cattle numbered 408,126 in 1895, and has not 
smce been equaled in any one year. The number fell to as low a 
figure as 60,916 in 1908, and the largest number since 1905 was 
reached in 1912, when it was 261,416. Prohibition of imports into 
the United Kingdom, on account of foot-and-mouth disease in 
Argentina, account for the great decline in exports of cattle. 

The jei'ked-beef trade was at one time very large and the exports 
amounted to 121,450,000 pounds in 1895. In 1912 the exports of 
this beef had dwindled to 19,453,390 pounds. 

The frozen-mutton trade reached its height in 1904, when 
195,365,000 pounds were exported. Fluctuations mark the exports 
of subsequent years, and in 1 91 2 the exports were 1 54,707,805 pounds. 

Argentina's exports of live meat animals and of packing-house 
products may be consolidated into a total if expressed in value. 
For 1895 the combined values amounted to $18,746,218; in 1908 the 
amount was $37,912,228; and in 1912 it was $67,252,319. 

A study of Table 20 discovers that foreign inducements to increase 
the exports of chilled and frozen beef have met with large responses 
from Argentina, so largo indeed in the most recent years that this trade 
is retarding the natural increase of herds, if not almost preventing it. 
The cause of retardation next back of this is the cessation of the 
exports of chilled beef from the United States, which has thrown 
upon Argentina the principal portion of the task of continuing the 
export supply to the United Kingdom and other countries. 

The imports of dressed beef from Argentina into the United 
Kingdom are increasing, yet they were a diminishing fraction of the 
total during the past three years. They were 83 per cent of the 
total in 1911, 82 per cent in 1912, and 78 per cent in 1913. 

Table 20. — Exports of meat animals and packing-house products Jronl Argentina, 1895- 

1912. 



Year. 



Total 
value, all 
articles 
named. 



Live meat animals. 



Total 
value. 



Cattle. 



Sheep.! 



Swine. 



1895, 
1896, 
1897, 
1898, 
1899, 
1900, 
1901, 
1902, 
1903, 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 



Dollars. 
18, 746, 218 
17, 280, 712 
14,534,644 
18,019,144 
16.361,677 
16, 702, 051 
19, 205, 726 
26, 412, 782 
26, 759, 552 
26, 051, 900 
38, 613, 362 
29, 988, 482 
32, 485, 349 
37, 912, 228 
45, 541, 069 
53, 220, 701 
65, 913, 927 
67,252,319 



Dollars. 
8, 064, 703 
7, 800, 538 
6, 310, 204 

9. 103. 268 
8, 185, 623 
4,123,855 
1,990,197 
3,112,473 
4, 768, 520 

2. 836. 269 
5, 332, 703 
1,922,510 
2,310,413 
2, 112, 362 
4, 202, 302 
4, 137, 910 
8, 236, 100 
9, 124, 118 



Number. 

408, 126 

382, 539 

238, 121 

359, 296 

312, ISO 

150, 550 

119,189 

118,303 

181,860 

129, 275 

262, 681 

71, 106 

74, 841 

60, 916 

132, 450 

89, 733 

184,112 

261,416 



Dollars. 
6,758,117 
6,314,526 
4, 842, 584 
7,421,284 
6, .585, 170 
3, 549, 415 
1,911,059 
2, 748, 749 
4,282,110 

2, 752, 971 
4, 979, 866 
1, 617, 480 
1,990,206 
1,811,131 

3, 944, 746 
3, 914, 474 
7,915,654 
8, 820, 177 



Number. 
429, 949 
512, 061 
504, 255 
577, 899 
543, 462 
198, 102 

25, 749 
122, 503 
167, 747 

28, 128 
120, 166 
102, 916 
110,567 
103, 792 

88, 636 

77, 180 
110,690 
104, 898 



Dollars. 

1,247,103 

1, 482, 403 

1, 460, 047 

1,673,487 

1,, 573, 964 

573, 861 

75, 519 

355, 763 

485, 628 

82, 241 

351, 462 

304, 321 

320, 091 

300, 478 

256, 601 

223, 436 

320, 448 

303, 680 



Number. 

5, 572 

374 

666 

587 

1,8.30 

40 

250 

532 

54 

73 

95 

49 

4 

26 

33 



Dollars. 

59, 483 

3,609 

7,573 

8,497 

26,489 

579 

3,619 

7,961 

782 

1,057 

1,375 

709 

116 

753 

955 



58 
261 



1 Including some goats. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



37 



Table 20. — Exports of meat ani/nals and pacJdng-house products from Argentina, 1895- 

1012 — Continued. 



Year. 



1895. . 
1896.. 
1897. . 
1898.. 
1899. . 
1900. . 
1901 . . 
1902.. 
1903.. 
1904 . . 
1905 . . 
1906.. 
1907.. 
190S. . 
1909.. 
1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 



Packiug-tiouse products. 



Total. 



Dallurs. 

10,681,515 

9,480,174 

8,224,440 

8, 915, 876 

8,176,054 

12,578,196 

17,215,529 

23,300,309 

21,991,032 

23,215,637 

33, 280, 659 

28,065,972 

30,174,936 

35,799,866 

41,338,767 

49,082,791 

57,677,767 

58, 128, 201 



Beef, frozen. 



Pounds. 

3, 498, 870 

6, 606, 278 

9,350,000 

12,935,000 

20,016,000 

54,212,000 

98,996,000 

154,363,000 

179,721,000 

215, 489, 000 

336,988,542 

339,087,321 

304,724,221 

384,841,590 

461,720,401 

540,715,628 

656,393,195 

-00,225,052 



Dollars. 

01,260 

115,668 

163, 706 

226, 467 

350, 431 

2, 372, 894 

4, 333, 281 

6, 756, 769 

7, 866, 638 

9, 432, 252 

14,750,694 

14,842,566 

13,338,386 

16,845,293 

20,210,525 

23, 668, 248 

28,731,709 

30,650,28' 



Beef, chilled. 



Beef, jerked. 



Pounds. 



13, 783, 159 
2,694,021 
18,609,029 
33,280,642 
55,624,263 



603,300 

117,921 

814,588 

1,456,768 

2,434,812 



Pounds. 
121,450,000 
101,208,000 
79,891,000 
49,035,000 
42, 249, 000 
36,264,000 
53,563,000 
49,172,000 
28, 640, 000 
25,851,000 
55,749,925 
10,251,390 
23,476,785 
14,661,681 
25,622,886 
20, 816, 823 
26,720,519 
19,453,390 



Dollars. 

4,077,529 

3,104,927 

2, 379, 992 

2,042,392 

1,967,069 

1,910,272 

2,778.674 

2,554,789 

1,488,047 

1,343,213 

3,607,598 

575,760 
1,136,824 

745,770 
1,278,676 

996, 864 
1,603,458 
1,351,722 



Blood, dried. 



Pounds. 
3,086,000 
2,701,000 
2,370,000 
1,806,000 
933, 000 
797,451 
2,209,935 
2,039,000 
3,027,000 
2,557,000 
6,981,968 
7,140,699 
7,200,224 
9,089,217 
9,444,506 
10,831,200 
14,175,578 
13,333,421 



Dollars. 

67,541 

59, 115 

51,859 

39,520 

20, 427 

17,453 

48, 366 

44,652 

66, 243 

55,953 

152, 799 

156,285 

157,565 

212,055 

206,699 

237,069 

310,248 

291,834 





Packing-house products— Continued. 


Year. 


Bones. 


Cracklings. I 


Hoofs. 


Horns. 


Intestines, salted 
and dried. 




Tons. 


Dollars. 


Pounds. 


Dollars.] 


Pounds. 


Dollars. 


Tom. 


Dollars. 


Pounds. 


Dollars. 


1895 


43, 565 


477, 875 


1,524,963 


30,0,38 


1,336,151 


8,773 


2,514 


123,236 


991,028 


21,120 


1896 


20,093 


183,976 


1,533,491 


30, 205! 


1,154,671 


7,581 


1,951 


95, 626 


966, 098 


20,527 


1897 


40,201 


399, 239 


1,555,315 


30, 636i 


1,424,812 


9,354 


1,977 


96,931 


1,688,965 


36, 419 


1898 


34, 943 


445,078 


1,247,695 


24,576 


1,772,679 


11,640 


1,658 


81,310 


2,616,271 


56, 761 


1899 


20,658 


257,385 


1,530,722 


30, 150 


1,507,924 


9,901 


1,673 


82,046 


2, 609, 785 


56, 724 


1900 


25,030 


337, 068 


1,704,940 


37,314 


1,651,738 


9,038 


1,440 


112,980 


2,955,563 


64,247 


1901 


27,068 


306, 593 


2,515,463 


55, 052 


1,650,250 


9,030 


1,874 


146,997 


4,384,014 


95, 163 


1902 


34, 505 


329, 771 


2, 388, 380 


52,270 


2,409,365 


13, 182 


2,436 


191,058 


5,112,615 


110,640 


1903 


31,002 


284, 438 


1,982,021 


43,379 


1,942,000 


10,629 


1,546 


121,250 


4,130,712 


89, 152 


1904 


25,036 


243,418 


2,385,044 


52,200 


2, 126, 137 


11,633 


1,896 


148, 668 


13, 673, 247 


105,325 


1905 


60, 185, .580 


964, 890 


3,255,158 


71,243 


2, 493, 403 


13,647 


5, 416, 702 


182, 050 


6,947,953 


151,602 


1906 


51,814,714 


826, 200 


3,227,534 


70,634 


1,933,434 


10,580 


5,103,649 


169, 750 


7, 758, 146 


120,809 


1907 


54,643,216 


1,070,608 


3,727,979 


81,595 


2, 438, 288 


13,338 


4,459,906 


148,357 


6,396,415 


139, 197 


1908 


57,537,855 


1,356,86S 


4,171,103 


91,278 


2, 372, 150 


12, 976 


4,929,486 


164,000 


7, 202, 292 


156, 634 


1909 


57,811,226 


1,293,-331 


5, 859, 827 


128,252 


2,696,226 


14,746 


6,080,287 


202, 282 


8, 189, 871 


177,813 


1910 


65,011,449 


1,397,946 


6,382,317 


139, 663 


2,153,894 


11,781 


7,064,720 


234, 700:10,475, 931 


227, 778 


1911 


90,020,432 
59, 078, 522 


2,364,213 


7, 433, 911 


162,716 


3,511,928 


19,217 


6,313,974 


210,055113, 417, &33 


292, 467 


1912 


914,275 


7, 220, 433 


158, 026 


3,013,238 


16, 487 


6,272,634 


208,67115,104,804 


328, 018 



Year. 



Packing-house products — Continued. 



Meat extract. Meat, frozen, n.e.s. Meat preserved. Mutton, frozen 



1895, 
1896, 
1897, 
1898, 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904, 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 



Pounds. 

328, 173 

1,076,307 

405,922 

667,474 

843, 823 

253,990 

477,951 

653, 335 

764,093 

456,564 

960, 048 

928, 293 

1,974,852 

1,521,121 

2, 979, 504 

3, 358, 355 

1,136,641 

1, 349, 061 



Dollars. 

201, 105 

659, 565 

248, 750 

5.84,329 

738,711 

222,351 

418,414 

571,952 

668, 913 

399, 691 

840, 46" 

812, 66' 

1. "728, 869 

1,331,654 

2, 608, 383 

2, 940, 046 

995,064 

1, 181, 025 



Pounds. 

888, 460 

1,333,963 

1,537,885 

2,140,553 

2,033,000 

2,401,000 

3,109,000 

5,556,000 

6, 918, 000 

9, 235, 000 

12, 085, 617 

13,575,927 

15, 269, 060 

25,112,599 

22,019,545 

24, 475, 048 

32,114,538 

34,520,241 



Dollars. 

15,556 

23,357 

26, 926 

37,480 

35, 573 

68, 319 

88, 440 

158, 086 

196, 834 

262, 777 

343, 829 

386, 265 

434, 441 

714,506 

626, 484 

696. 361 
913,719 

982. 362 



Pounds. 
2,035,424 
4,504,349 
2,538,100 
3,577,963 
4,004,000 
3,097,000 
2, 085, 927 
3, 624, 487 
8, 248, 677 
5,-355,000 
5,485,045 
2, 775, 591 
3,515,834 
3, 808, 283 
14,087,667 
26, 635; 688 
33, 980, 230 
39,019,215 



Dollars. 

89, 094 

197, 162 

111,098 

156,614 

175,244 

135, 563 

91,402 

158, 650 

301,059 

2-34,361 

240, 117 

121,501 

153, 895 

166, 696 

616, 648 

1,165,900 

1,4.87,380 

1,707,930 



Pounds. 
92,334,000 
99,439,000 
112,202,000 
131,909,000 
124,841,000 
124,367,000 
138, 920, 000 
176,531,000 
172,271,000 
195,365,000 
172, 732, 615 
148, 563, 585 
153,848,011 
173, 823, 892 
146,594,877 
165, 569, 869 
1.89,410,414 
1-54,707,805 



Dollars. 

1,016.638 

1,741,058 

1,904,526 

2,309,590 

2,185,792 

4,355,019 

4,.S04,587 

6,181,601 

6,033,140 

6,841,162 

6,048,677 

5,202,368 

5,387,3-84 

6, 086, 919 

5, 133, 426 

5,797,848 

6, 632, 720 

5, 417, 482 



38 



EAKMEES^ BULLETIN 531. 



Table 20. — E.vports of meat animals and ■paching-house products from Argentina, ISCo- 

1912— Continued. 





Packing-house products— Concluded. 


Year. 


Oils, animal. 


Tallow, pressed. 


Tallow and fat, 
melted. 


Tongues, preserv- 
ed and salted. 


All other. 


1895 


Pounds. 
945,633 
773, 143 
842,607 
650,950 
593, 442 
689, 520 
327, 426 
381,863 
.538, 755 
428, 938 
731, 416 
648, 424 
490, 601 
760, 735 
811,227 
76.5, 774 
926,011 

1, 182, 400 


Dolls. 
33,067 
28, 527 
28, 082 
24, 015 
25, 840 
31, 195 
14,697 
19,698 
28,190 
20, 097 
47, 699 
44, 150 
36, 972 
39,917 
46, 930 
52,834 
(il, 320 
81,339 


Pounds. 
18,929 
8,360 

778 
2,210 


Dolls. 
580 
257 
24 

58 


Pounds. 

89,481,000 
75,272,000 
69, 529, 212 
64,685,212 
53,242,000 
54, 756, 000 
73, 564, 000 
108,236,000 
80,603,000 
80,070,000 
100, 878, 087 
55, 778, 585 
68, 155, 209 
96,951,694 
119,764,895 
128,761,868 
168,482,146 
166, 570, 75S 


Dollars. 
3, 674, 480 
3,068,050 
2, 563, 086 
2, 762, 324 
2, 128, 397 
2, 707, 141 
3,766,120 
5,991,722 
4, .589, 134 
3,871,660 
5, 134, 881 
3,708,038 
4, 638, 596 
5,819,530 
7,308,167 
9, 202, 897 
11,356,988 
10, 918, 713 


Pounds. 
1,755,717 
1,410,801 
1,244,644 
1,23.5,062 
1,284,406 
1,500,750 
1,522,885 
1,244,394 
1,046,177 
1,392,602 
1, 143, 559 
670, 194 
1, 669, 032 
1,925,780 
2,648,796 
2,089,612 
1,573,716 
1, 392, 745 


Dolls. 
153,349 
123,501 
108, 302 
108, 122 
112,364 
197,049 
19S, 332 
161,979 
137, 194 
182, 771 
150, 168 
88,008 
219, 170 
252, 886 
347,828 
274,400 
206,6,55 
182, 890 


Dollars. 
30,274 


1896 


21,072 


1897 


5,510 


1898 


5,600 


1899 




1900 


9, 575 
12, 436 
113, 904 
204, 263 
187,373 
53,448 
155, 356 
218, 668 
99,950 


293 
381 
3,490 
6,259 
5,742 
1,839 
4,760 
6,700 
3,062 


:::::::::: 


1901 




1902 




1903 


533 


1904 


4,7U 
578, 479 


1905 


1906 


925, 631 


1907 


1,483,039 


1908 


1,196,521 


1909 


1,020,656 
1,223,585 


1910 


9,235 


283 


1911 


873, 064 


1912 






1,302,322 









IMPORTS OF MEAT INTO THE UNITED ST.\TES. 

Although the United States exported 1,143,357,441 pounds of 
meat and meat products dm'uig the fiscal yca,r endmg June 30, 1913, 
and is still exporting large amounts, mostly pork and pork products 
oleo oil, and tallow, large imports of beef hare been received since 
October, 1913, nearly three-fifths of it from Argentina. In October, 
2,069,794 pounds of fresh and frozen beef were received from Ai'gen- 
tina and passed inspection by the Bureau of Animal Industry; in 
November, 3,988,898 pounds; in December, 9,440,488 pounds; and 
in January, 8,935,797 pounds; and the total for the four months is 
24,434,977 pounds. During the same time from other countries 
were received 17,729,621 pounds of fresh and frozen beef, and the 
total from all countries thus becomes 42,164,598 pounds. 

During the four months the imports from Argentina included also 
537,943 pounds of fresh and frozen mutton, 177,801 pounds of canned 
beef, 1,268,887 pounds of oleo stearin, and 470 pounds of edible 
tallow. 

The total meat and meat products imported from Argentina during 
the four months and not condemned weighed 26,420,078 pounds. 
Only 1,278 pounds of Argentine beef were condemned as unfit for 
consumption. Tlie details of the imports of meat and meat products 
into this country from Argentina and from all countries in tlie aggre- 
gate during the four months from October to January just past may 
be found in Table 21. 

Two-fifths of the imports of fresh and frozen beef during the four 
mcnths came from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, and 
Uruguay. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



39 



The present beef production of this country for one year, it is esti- 
mated, is somewhat less than 7,000,000,000 pounds, and the imports 
of fresh and frozen beef from all countries at the recent rate would 
amount to about 2 per cent of the national production; the imports 
from Argentina for a year at the present rate would be about 1.3 per 
cent of the national production. 

Table 21. — Meat and vieat products imported from Argentina and all countries ana 
inspected by the Bureau of Animal Industry, October, 1913, to January, 1914. 





All countries, 4 months. 


^Vrgcntina. 


rommodity. 


Total. 


Argentina. 


other 
countries. 


October, 
1913. 


Novem- 
ber, 1913. 


Decem- 
ber, 1913. 


January, 
1914. 


Kot condemned. 

Flesh and frozen: 
Beef 


Povnds. 

42,104.598 

215.061 

967,564 

1,364 

■ 4S8.761 


Pound.?. 
24,434.977 


Pounds. 

17,729,621 

215.061 

429.621 

1,364 

488-, 761 


Poun.d.<!. 
2,069,794 


Pounds. 
3.988,898 


Pounds. 
9,440.488 


Pounds. 
8 935,79' 


Veal 






537.943 




10.204 


237.422 


290,317 


Goat meat 






Pork 
























Total 


43,837,348 


24.972,920 


18,864.428 


2,069,794 


3,999,102 


9.677.910 


9,226.114 


Canned: 

Beef 


2,181.629 

6.622 

11,544 

27,118 

119 


177.801 


2,003,828 
6,622 




31.025 


130.176 


16.60C 


Veal 






Mutton 




11,544 

27,118 

119 


1 




Pork 






1 


Other 






::::i : 












Total 


2,227.032 


177.801 2.049,231 




31,025 


130.176 


16.60( 








Cured: 

Beef 


338,001 

2,007 

1.137,006 




338,001 

2,007 

1.137,606 






Mutton 








Pork 




i 












Total 


1.477.614 




1.477.614 


1 








! 




Sausasre 


239.546 

41.623 

1,943.699 

23.822 

12 

20 

33, 120 

44.042 




259.546 

41,623 

674.812 

23.822 

12 

20 

33,120 

4 3., 572 


1 






Comj^ountl 










Oleo-stearin 

Oleooil 


1.268,887 


46.070 


63,709 


546.688 


612, 52C 






■ 






Lard 





1 
















Edible tallow 


470 


! 




470 






1 






Total , not condemned . 

Condemnfd. 
Total 


49.892,878 

1S1,712 


26.420,078 23.472,800 
1.27S l.-iO 4.^4 


2.115,864 


4,093.SC6 

462 


10,354,674 

SIC 


9,855,704 






' 


■ 





SUMMASY. 



The conclusions of the subject may be briefly assembled. Imported 
Ai'gentinc dressed beef adds to the national supply of the United 
States, at the recent rate, a little over 1 per cent. Wliile some of this 
meat has come from Britisli frigorificos at Buenos Aires, a great deal 
of it has been consigned by the Buenos Aires frigorificos of the Chicago 
slaughtering and pacldng companies, to themselves at New York for 
sale by themselves in Nev/ York, or wherever they please to send it 
by rciil. It is not assumed that they are using Ai-gentine beef to beat 
down the prices of Chicago beef. 



40 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 581. 

Practically, tlic Argentine beef tlitit has come to this country has 
relieved the London market of just so much downward pressure, and 
Argentine dressed beef is about four-fifths of the imported supply of 
the United Kingdom, or one-third of the national consumption of 
beef. As between the United Kingdom and the United States, 
Argentine dressed beef is free to go to the better market. In this 
country it is competitive, if it is really competitive at all, only with 
the lower grades of domestic dressed beef. 

Cattle in Argentina are not more numerous than they were five 
years ago, and perhaps they arc less numerous. That country can 
not increase its beef supply permanently until the slauglitcr first 
ceases to increase or actually lessens sufhciently to give its lierds 
libertv and time to increase. 



COLONIAL COTTON. 

By George K. Holmes. 

SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE AMERICAN CROP. 

Notable efforts liaA'c been made to stimulate the production of 
cotton in colonies since 1903 by the British Cotton Growers' Asso- 
ciation, and, on a less extensive scale, by the German Colonial 
Economic Committee, by the Colonial Cotton Association of France, 
by the Industrial Association of Lisbon, by the Cotton Industrial 
Association and Cotton Exchange of Italy, by the Netherlands Cotton 
Growing Association, by the Belgian Cotton Association, and for 
Spain by the National Industrial Proi)aganda, 

Ten years ago the fear of the European spinners that the L^nited 
States cotton crop would be insufficient for their uses led them to begin 
this extensive movement. As the annual report of the British Cotton 
Growers' Association for 1912 states, "if the climatic conditions were 
always favorable in the LTnited, States this association might never 
have come into existence. One of its main objects, and that of the 
German, French, and other similar associations, is to extend the 
cultivation of cotton throughout the world and broaden the basis 
of supply, so that the failure of the crop in any one particular country 
will be balanced by a corresponding increase in other countries. The 
broader the basis the broader the supply, with a consequent greater 
steadiness in price." 

The year immediately antedating this great movement is 1903. 
Table 22 has been compiled to show the colonial production of cotton 
in that year and also in every following year to 1912. The British 
efforts have been especially active in Nigeria, Nyassaland Protecto- 
rate, Uganda, British East Africa, and the Anglo-Eg3^ptian Sudan. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 41 

Tlio German efforts have been made mainly in German East Africa 
and in Togo. In the British African countries mentioned 7,263 bales 
of cotton were produced in 1903, 42,266 bales in 1907, and 50,988 
bales in 1912, an increase of 35,003 bales from 1903 to 1907 and an 
increase of 8,722 bales during the last five years. In the British 
West Indies cotton production increased from 866 bales in 1903 to 
5,492 bales in 1907, from which quantity the production fell to 5,048 
bales in 1912. 

Tlirough the German association cotton production increased from 
191 bales in German East Africa and Togo in 1903 to 2,365 bales in 
1907, and to 11,224 bales in 1912. 

In all the British colonies aiid in Anglo-Egj-ptian Sudan the cotton 
production of 1912 shows an increase of 13,201 bales over that of 1907. 

If all of the cotton-producing colonies are combined, as they are in 
Table 22, it may be observed that their production in 1903 was 36,269 
bales, and in 1907, 92,565 bales, or an increase of 56,296 bales in four 
years. In 1912 the cotton production was 102,890 bales, or 10,325 
bales above the total production of 1907, five years previous. 

Theoretically, an almost fabulous quantity of cotton can be grown 
in the colonies embraced in Table 22. Some of this cotton is quite 
similar to the Uj)land cotton of the United States, but much of it is 
of shorter fiber, while again cotton of long fiber is produced on the 
sea islands. But it is a large undertaking to induce the natives of 
these colonies to labor, and to labor during the long period of time 
required to produce a cotton crop; in some of the more promising 
of the colonies, great obstacles have been overcome, or need to be 
overcome, to transport the cotton to the seaboard. Some of the 
problems of this sort are gradually being solved. In some of the 
British colonics the producers are guaranteed a mmimum price for 
the purpose of encouraging them to raise a crop. 

The results of the efforts of the British and German associations, 
and in a less degree of the other associations, as exhibited in Table 
22, emphasize the magnitude of their combined undertakings to pro- 
duce enough cotton to supplement the American crop of 14,000,000 
bales and over in any considerable degree. One county alone in 
Texas produced in 1909 77,000 bales, or three-fourths of the com- 
bined product of all of the cotton-growing colonies. There are many 
counties in Texas and other States that each produce from one-third 
to one-half of the colonial production. 



42 



FAIJMEES' BULLETIN 5S1. 



Table 22.— Colonial cotton production, 1903-1912. 
[Catnputed to bules of 500 pounds gross, or 478 pour.ds of liut net. Egypt and India not included.] 



National and geographic 
groups. 


1903 


1904 


1905 


1906 


1907 


1908 


1909 


1910 


1911 


1912 


EELGLVX. 

Alrica: Kongo' 


Bales. 


Bales. 


Bales. 
1 


Bales. 
1 


Bales. 
3 


Bales. 
1 


Bales. 


Bales. 

1 


Bales. 


Bales. 

















BRITISH. 

Africa: i 


C06 
118 


3,004 

597 

45 

917 


3,134 

1,625 

201 

449 


6,385 

1,101 

819 

634 


8, .556 
844 

4,024 
351 


4,800 10.529 


5, 185 

3,634 

19, 442 

469 


4,682 

2,845 

17, 456 

441 


9,148 


Nyassaland Protectorate. . 


1,.5S2 

3,401 

717 


1,729 

5,429 

521 


6,773 
21 986 


Other Africa 


27 


1,020 






751 


4 r,eA 


5,409 


8,939 


13,775 


10,500 j 18, 208 


28, 730 


25 424 


.•^8 Q97 




-'—' 




America: Mostly or entireiy 
West Indies 


866 
1,012 


1,653 

1 400 


2, .508 

1,962 

340 

79 


3,290 

3,920 

34S 

54 


5,492 

4,774 

443 

82 


5,776 4,303 

4,352 3,840 

364 379 

89 90 


4,989 

6,6.39 

411 

110 


6,392 

7,940 
392 
165 


5,04S 


Asia '. 


9 122 


Europe 


285 '345 
1 18 


975 


Oceania ' 


1M 






Total British 


2,915 1 8,069 


10,298 1 16, 551 


24,566 


21,081 |26,S20 {39,879 


40,313 54,197 


DUTCH. 

Asia: East Indies' 


12,6.32 15,367 


13,280 


15,944 


19, 652 


19,932 13,235 


1 4,. 504 


11,902 


2 11,902 


FRENCH. 

Africa ' 


3 
1 

13,693 
71 


346 

13 

15, 269 

49 


200 

7 

18,117 

39 


447 

14 

11,082 

110 


619 
10 

15,877 
109 


649 

20 

20,968 

73 


911 

12 

14,146 

:f4« 


832 

12 

9,451 

417 


3 1,742 

8 

8, 700 

336 


3 1 976 


America: West, Indies ' 

Asia (most ly Indo-China;' 

Oceania ' 


' 28 

2 8,709 

* 923 








Total French... 


13,768 


15,677 


18, 309 


11,653 


16,615 


21,716 15,417 


10,712 


10, 795 


11 616 






GERMAN. 

Africa (niostly East Africa and 
Togo) 1 


101 
240 


1,371 
50 


1,4SC» 
15 


],7G4 
3S 


2,365 
5 


3, 100 


4,7C2 


; 0,132 


7, .372 


11 224 


Oceania: Bismarck Arciiipel- 
ago ' 
















Total German 


431 


1,427 


1,.504 


1,802 


2,370 


3,190 


4,762 


10, 132 


7,. 372 


11,224 


IT.\UAN. 

Africa: Eritrea 




43 


r.2 




370 


890 


636 


770 


1,307 


1 ■'47 








PORTUGUESE. 

Africa ^ 


G 


179 


518 


282 


431 


241 


468 


209 


576 


.flTfi 






Sudan, Anglo-Ejo^ptian 


0,517 


15,097 


19,441 


17,782 


28,558 


24, 170 


13, 222 


13, 238 


17,3 2 


12,128 


Total for countries men- 
tioned 


36,269 


55,859 


63,473 


04,015 


92,565 


91,221 


74,560 


89,445 


89,657 


102,890 




GRAND DIVISIONS. 

Africa 


7,408 

867 

27,337 

2S5 

312 


21,599 

l,66i> 

.32,120 

345 

123 


27, 126 
2,515 

.33,. 359 
340 
133 


29,215 

3,;;04 

:)0,946 
348 
202 


46, 121 
5,502 

40, .303 
443 
196 


39,641 

5,S02 

45, 252 

3fi4 

162 


.38,207 

4,315 

31,221 

379 

438 


.53,912 
5,001 

29, 594 
411 
527 


53,813 
6,400 

28, .551 
392 
601 


06 078 


America 


5 0.56 


Asia 


29 733 


Europe 


975 


Oceania 


1 043 






Total 


.30,209 


•55, 859 


63,473 


64,015 


92, 565 


31,221 


74,5C0 


89,445 


89,657 


102, 890 





' Exports. 

2 Year preceding. 

3 Production. 



* New Caledonia alone, without Tahiti production. 
6 Imports into Portugal. 



In connection wiili the foregoing study of possible ncv/ sources of 
supply it will be helpful to refer to the present principal sources of 
world supply of this crop. In Table 23 is given such a statement, 
with comparisons, so far as available, for decennial periods back 
to 1870. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 

Table 23. — Prodvxtlon cf cotton. 



43 



Year. 


United States. 


Egypt. 


British India. 


Piussia. 


rem. 


P70 


4,021,527 
6, 3.5ft, 998 
8,562,089 
10,206,527 
12,005.688 
15,692,701 
13, 703, 421 
13, C77, 000 


Bales. 

408,350 

575, 307 

843, 877 

1,124,617 

1,548,713 

1,514,730 

1,538,395 

1,530,922 


Bales. 


Bales. 


Bales. 


880 . 








soo 


1,099,582 
2,471,449 
3,600,837 
3,284,519 

2,751,464 
3, 677, 824 






9()0 


1633,065 
2 1,02C,570 

2 981,921 
2 1,135.137 
2 1, 053, 845 


a, 000 


OK 


70, 869 


1911 . .. 




912 . . . .. 













• Not including Khiva and BolAara. 



- I:icluding Khiva and Bokhara. 



CROP REPORTING SYSTEMS AND SOURCES OF CROP INFORMATION IN 

FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Tappr read by Charles J.[. D.\UGnF.ETY before a recent meeting cf spfcial field agcnl.s at the U. S. 

Department of Agriculture.] 

Government crop reporting, or crop estimating, as distinct from 
census enumeration, has been a development, in all countries where 
it is practiced, of the past 50 years; and hence has been coincident 
mih the marvelous expansion of the Vv'orld's cultivated land, with the 
multitudinous improvements in farm methods and agricultural ma- 
chmery, and with the wide extension of the means of transport and 
communication which have characterized that period. Even before 
steamship, railway, and telegraph had promoted rapid and voiumi- 
Qous mterchange of commodities among nations, it had been rccog- 
aized that a prompt, even though approximate, knowledge each year 
of the areas under the great food crops, of the condition of the plants 
at intervals during the growing season, and of the final results of the 
thrashings would be of great economic and commercial value; and 
although some tentative efforts were m.ade earlier in the century, 
Qotably in England and France, to devise some trustworthy scheme 
of crop estimatmg, no satisfactory system of acquiring and popular- 
izing such knowledge was evolved until the adoption in the United 
States of the crop-reporting system, which has now been m operation 
for the past 48 years. In France, it is true, the French Department 
of Agriculture in its yearbook publishes a continuous record of the 
acreage and production of wdieat and potatoes each year since 1815, 
the year of Waterloo, to the current date. Up to 1882, however, 
tihe figures are decennial estimates for census years, and for the 
mtercensal years merely office estimates, not based upon actual 
Investigations in the field. Estimates of the French Department of 
Agriculture, based on the crop-estimating system proper, date only 
iirom 1882. 

In Great Britain the official record of the area annually devoted to 
certain cereals, as estimated by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, 
extends back to 1866, but estimates of yields only to 1884. The 



44 FAEMEES' BULLETIIST 581. 

official figures, it may be added, are often supplemented hy the private 
estimates of Sir John Lawes, who from experiments conducted at his 
experimental farm at Rothamsted and other data had worked out 
estimates of the annual area of wheat in the United Kingdom from 
1852 to 1866 and of the annual production from 1852 to 1884. Com- 
bining the official and private estimates we have a continuous 
record of the surface under wheat and the yield in the United King- 
dom from 1852 to date, but annual estimates bearing the sanction of 
official authority exist for acreage only from 1866 and for production 
from 1884. 

The science and practice of crop estimating may therefore be said 
to have had its origin in 1866 in the United States. Within the 
next half century organizations for prompt estimation of areas, 
yields, and other valuable economic facts respecting agriculture 
were established in practically all the more progressive and commer- 
cially important countries of the world. Every nation of Europe, 
excepting Turkey, now publishes annual official estimates of the 
yields of a greater or less number of its crops. In Asia crop reporting 
systems gather more or less comprehensive data in Asiatic Russia, 
British India, Japan, and even in a few Provinces of China. In 
Africa the result of an estimating system is now available annually 
for Egypt, Algeria, Tunis, and two or three States of the Union of 
South Africa. On the Western Hemisphere annual estimates rela- 
tive to the more important crops are made in Canada, the United 
vStates, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, and official reports 
are issued annually respecting the cereal crops of each State of Aus- 
tralia and in New Zealand. As a rule the official crop-reporting 
organizations in the different foreign countries are under the control 
and form an integral part of the respective Departments of Agricul- 
ture, and though the methods of collecting the information and 
working out the results vary to some extent in the various Govern- 
ments it is notable that the same fundamental principle underlies 
all systems, i. e., periodical reports made either directly or indirectly 
to the central Government by authorized voluntary correspondents 
resident in each of the smaller political divisions of a country and 
thoroughly familiar with local conditions. The reports are made 
on schedules formulated and furnished by the central Government. 

The correspondents in the political subdivisions usually consist of 
one or more local administrative officials and a small number of other 
competent persons, distinguished as being representatives of agri- 
cultural societies or as being closely identified with the actual tilling 
of the soil. 

Separate corps of correspondents analogous to the township and 
county correspondents and State and special agents of the United 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 45 

States Department of Agriculture, do not exist; in other words, wlien 
in tlie prosecution of an inquiry several sets of schedules are returned 
to the department here one set is returned to the central offices 
abroad. To generalize respecting details of the various methods of 
collecting data in countries where the political organization of each 
differs from the others in the classification and nomenclature of its 
political subdivisions is, however, practically impossible. It would 
probabl}^ be of more interest to describe briefljT" the system of a single 
country — France. 

In France the oflicial crop-reporting organization consists, on the 
one hand, of an administrative bureau in the Department of Agricul- 
ture, and, on tlie other, of what may for convenience be called a corps 
of croj) correspondents resident in each political subdivision of the 
country. The functions of the administrative bureau, in so far as 
crop re})orting is concerned, are the preparation and mailing of sched- 
ules and the tabulation and publication of the results. The functions 
and organization of the crop correspondents, as compared with those 
of our own countiy, are somewhat peculiar. The political subdivi- 
sions of France, ranging from the smallest to the largest, are com- 
munes, cantons, arrondissements, and departments. No exactly 
corresponding subdivision of the territory of the United States exists, 
the nearest approach being townships, counties, and States. With 
the before-mentioned political subdivisions of the country in mind, 
the organization of the crop correspondents may be described as 
follows: In eacli rural commune (there are 36,222 rural and urban) is 
maintained an organization known as the communal statistical com- 
mission, consisting of the chief administrative officer of the commune, 
one member of the municipal council, and not less than three nor 
more than five farmers. In each rural canton, the next hn'gest 
administrative unit, and of which there are 2,911 (urban and rural) 
in France, is a similar organization, known as the cantonal statistical 
commission — members, the chief administrative officer of the canton, 
the justice of the peace, other cantonal functionaries, and from three 
to seven prominent farmers. Each arrondissement, the next largest 
unit, is represented in this crop-reporting system by officials known 
as special professors of agriculture, and the departments by depart- 
mental professors of agriculture; both classes of professors have 
access to and a deliberative voice in the sessions of the communal 
and cantonal commissions, where their functions are largely of an 
advisory and supervisory character; both, in the crop-reporting sys- 
tem, perform the same supervisory functions in the arrondissements 
and departments as do the cantonal commission in the cantons. 
5 For any periodical inquiiy respecting areas or production, schedules 
prepared by the bureau above mentioned are transmitted through 



46 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 581. 

the chief officers (prefects) of the 86 departments to each of the four 
classes of bodies which constitute the crop-reporting service of the 
Kepublic; i. e., to the communal commissions, to the cantonal com- 
missions, to the special professoi*s of agi'iculture in the arrondisse- 
ments, and to the professors of agi'iculture in the departments. The 
most important duties relative to collecting the data and filling out 
the schedules now devolve upon the communal commissions. By the 
aid of communal cadasters — that is, permanent revised registers kept 
in the archives of each commune, showing the actual distribution of 
the surface of the commune among various crops, woodland, the 
average yield per hectare, etc., in a selected or cadastral year — the 
commissions fill out the schedules for their respective communes and 
return them to the prefects of the departments. The cadaster, it may 
be noted incidentally, is in many European countries a fundamental 
element in making estimates of both area and production ; it enables 
an almost exact enumeration of areas to be made and, partly because 
of the rigid system of crop rotation followed, pemiit a very satis- 
factory estimate of ^'ields. It is partly due to the cadaster that crop 
estimates in European countries are rarely, if ever, adjusted to 
census figures. The prefects, as rapidly as the completed schedules 
are received from the communal commissions, arrange them in groups 
by cantons and refer them to the respective cantonal commissions. 
The pro"vince of any given cantonal commission is to re"vdse and, if 
necessary, to correct the communal schedules and to combine the 
data they contain into a recapitulative schedule for the entire canton. 
The work of verifying and correcting the communal schedules is dis- 
tributed among the members of the cantonal commissions in such 
a way that to each member is assigned those communes with which 
he is most familiar. He has the right to demand enlightenment on 
doubtful points from the communal commissions and to appeal to 
competent authorities for complementary information. The recapitu- 
lative schedules when completed for the cantons are forw^arded 
through the prefects of the departments to the special professors of 
agriculture in the several arrondissements b}'' whom they are in turn 
corrected, revised, combined into a recapitulative schedule for the 
arrondissements and forwarded through the medium of the prefect 
to the departmental professors of agriculture. Recapitulative sclied- 
'ules for the departments are then made up and submitted to the 
central bureau, where they are tabulated for the whole of France and 
published. The results of all investigations as soon as available are 
published in the official Journal of the Republic, issued dail}'', and 
later in the Bulletin of Agricultural IntelHgence (monthly) published 
by the Ministry of Agriculture. The final and revised figures on the 
area and production of about 40 crops appear hy departments in 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 47 

the yearbook of the Ministiy, published about 15 to 18 months after 
the harvest of the crops to which the figures relate. 

The French system of estimating area and production, it is appar- 
ent, is one where the data gathered by a corps of reporters, most 
nearly resembhng our corps of towaiship reporters, are successively 
corrected, approved, and indorsed, before they reach the central 
office, by the crop reporters of each of the larger subdivisions of the 
Republic. The figures are always under the control of official bodies 
presided over by an official of the various poHticai subdivisions ol 
the country, and the process of arriving at a fhial result may be 
described as a cumulative one. Perhaps after all the radical differ- 
ence between this system and that in force in the United States is 
that in France the correctional and revisional functions performed 
by the cantonal commissions and the professors of agriculture in the 
arrondissements and departments devolve in our country upon the 
Crop-Reporting Board, and that the final tabulation of the schedules, 
after they reach the Ministry of Agricidture, is more simple, since only 
one schedule from each of the 86 departments remains to be tabu- 
lated. The French system is in a broad sense typical of that prac- 
ticed in some other foreign countries, particularly in countries having 
cadasters, but it lias been cited here not so much from that fact as 
to illustrate the variations in crop-estimating systems wliicli may 
arise from dift'erences in the pofitical constitutions of governments, 
from geographical and cfimatic causes, and even from the mental 
attitude of a people toward government and economy. 

In Great Britain, for instance, the schedules prepared in the Board 
of Agriculture and Fisheries are primarily turned over to the Board 
of Trade. Agents of the last-named board, known as collectors of 
inland revenue and stationed throughout the various counties, mail 
them to the farmers in their respective jmisdictions. When filled 
out the schedules are collected by these agents, and through the 
Board of Trade returned to the Board of Agriculture for the elaboration 
and pubhcation of the data. In xVi-gentina estimates of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture on production of wheat, flaxseed, oats, and barlc}' 
are made from returns of thrashing-macliine operators, but the figures 
of nontlu-ashable farm products are collected by means of crop cor- 
respondents. In Sweden the preliminary estimates of the yield of 
wheat and other cereals are based on the natural increase from the 
seed; i. e., without reference to acreage, the total }deld is estimated to 
represent an increase of fifteenfold, seventeenfold, twentyfold, etc.,. 
of the seed sown. 

In the work of the United States Department of Agriculture the 
foreign crop statistics, used mostly in compiling estimates of the so- 
called vrorld's crop, in answering verbal and other inquiries, and in 



48 farmers' bulletin 581. 

varied research work, are for the most part the final esthnates emanat- 
ing from and published by the crop-reporting bureaus of foreign 
Departments of Agriculture and other official organizations, whose 
functions embrace that class of work. Although identical data, 
excepting for the great food crops, are seldom in existence for all 
countries, and although there is great variation in the number of 
crops reported on by the different governments, the estimates, as 
a whole, cover a wide range; and embrace areas sown, quantities of 
seed sown per unit of surface, areas destroyed by winter kill and other 
causes, area>5 harvested, periodical condition of the crops, total and 
per capita production, in terms both of units of measurement and 
weight, average yield per unit of surface, percentage of loss due to 
drought, hail, floods, vermin and other causes, total and per capita 
consumption, cost of production, average monthly and annual 
prices of farm produce, and other data. The estimates used are pref- 
erably the final ones pubhshed in the yearbooks of the respective 
governments: for the smaller divisions and islands of the great 
Empires — British, German, French, and Dutch — the figures are 
usually taken from the Statistical Abstracts and other publications 
of the mother countries. The larger divisions of the British Empire — 
Canada, Australia, and British India — it may be noted, have crop 
estimating organizations of their own and issue yearbooks and other 
periodical publications relative to the crops of their respective terri- 
tories. The yearbooks of many foreign countries, however, are not 
published until from several months to two years after the crops 
to which they relate have been harvested. In such cases it is neces- 
sary to utilize for current data preliminary and sometimes even 
unofficial estimates. 

Preliminary estimates, of cereal crops especiaU}^, are made by 
practically all countries that have crop-reporting organizations. 
These are made and published in some countries before harvest and 
in others as soon after as possible. In those countries which publish 
an official daily gazette — as, for example, the Journal Oflficiel in 
France, the Reichsanzeiger in Germany, the Wiener Zeitung in 
Austria, the Pester Lloyd in Hungary, and the Journal of Industry 
and Commerce in Russia — these prehminar}^ figures, immediately 
after they are compiled, are made available to the general pubhc 
through the medium of an official organ. In some other countries 
they are first disseminated through small leaflets and afterwards 
published in greater detail in the succeeding issues of monthly or 
other periodical official bulletins such as are exemphfied in the 
monthly Technical and Economic Bulletin pubhshed by the Depart- 
ment of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture in Italy, the monthly 
bulletin of Agricultural Intelligence by the department of agriculture 
in France, and the Bulletin of Agriculture, Mines, and Iilountaius by 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 49 

the Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works iu 
Spain. Of course the official data, as soon as released, are widely 
copied by the unofficial agricultural and trade journals of the various 
countries, but in the careful work done by this Department it is required 
that in all possible cases the actual official figures only must be used. 

In the foreign-crop work of the Department the presumably more 
accurate figures of agricultural censuses are of course utiUzed when- 
ever available. Circumstances, however, hmit their use within a 
narrow range. In some countries, among which populous British 
India is a notable example, no agricultural census has ever been 
taken; even in Great Britain none exists excepting that of 1908. In 
some other countries the intervals between census takings are of 
extraordinary duration, having extended in Argentina from 1895 to 
1908; the last one in Russia was taken in 1S97. Decennial censuses 
are taken regularly in France, Germany, and some other countries; 
in the quinquennial censuses of Denmark and Norway the areas 
returned under the various crops are utilized unchanged in estimating 
the crop production of intercensal years. From a statistical point 
of view it may be said in general that in most foreign •countries the 
value of their agricultural censuses, particularly in tneir relation to 
the great food crops, is chiefly historical, but for the minor crops 
they constitute in countries which make no estianates respecting«such 
crops the only existing official data. As has been previousl}^ stated, 
the annual estimates made b}^ the crop-reporting systems abroad are 
seldom adjusted to census figures. 

Other valuable sources of information on foreign crop statistics 
are the voluminous reports made to the Department of Commerce 
and published under the title of ''Daily Consular and Trade Reports." 
Reports similar in character, but published less frequently, are 
made by the consuls of the United Kingdom, France, Germany, 
Austria, and other nations to their respective home governments. 
These reports — all of which are on file in the bureau library — contain, 
among other data, statistical information often not to be found in 
the official publications of the countries to which the respective 
consuls are accredited — information which, though it may not have 
the stamp of official authority, often constitutes the latest or perhaps 
the only data extant upon a given subject. In a recent report of a 
Hmigarian consul, for instance, appeared an estimate of the wheat 
crop of Brazil, a country for which neither official nor "imofficial esti- 
mates have been heretofore available. For countrie,s which have 
no official crop-reporting systems or for which no recent census figures 
are available, the consular reports constitute a prime authority. 

The daily, weekly, and monthly trade and agricidtural journals 
of the various countries are also fruitful sources of statistical mfor- 
mation, especially respecting current market conditions, trade move- 
ments, etc. A few of them — notably the Times of London, the 



50 farmers' BULLETIX 581. 

Marche Fran^aise of Paris, and the Journal of Commerce and Industry 
of St. Petersburg — make and publish detailed annual estmiatea 
respectmg the cereal crops of their respective countries which, in 
some quarters and on some occasions, meet with as much or more 
faith than do the ofhcial estimates. A feature of.some of the great 
commercial journals, such as those usually referred to as " Broom- 
halls," "Beerbohms," and '' Dornbusch," is the publication of a 
compilation each autumn or early winter, giving the world's wheat 
crop of the current year by countries of production. These, of 
course, antedate all official compilations on this subject, and, 
though not suitable for permanent record, give the earliest mdica- 
tion of the probable supply as compared with previous years. 

Foreign crop statistics, it may be added, when considered with refer- 
ence to single countries separately, present a valuable record of the 
agricultural resources of each, but when the attempt is made to 
consider them totally as a unit, a lack of uniformity in crop-reporting 
systems, and differences in the methods of expressing the results, 
detract in some cases from their value. A striking illustration is 
found in the statistical statements of various countries respecting the 
condition of the crops during the growing season. In the crop report- 
ing system of England an average condition is expressed by 100, and 
variations from the average by proportionate figures above or below 
100. In Sweden an excellent condition is expressed by 5; variations 
fi'om that standard are expressed on a descending scale from 4.9 to 1. 
In Germany an exactly opposite significance is given to the same 
figures, excellent being expressed by 1, good by 2, fair by 3, and so 
on. In some other countries the condition reports are exj^ressed in 
descriptive terms, i. e., as excellent, good, fair, etc. The lack of 
uniformity, as illustrated by this example, detracts to some extent 
from the value of comparisons in other instances. The defect has 
attracted widespread attention. For manj^ years the International 
Statistical Institute has at each of its triennial sessions passed resolu- 
tions advocating a concerted movement among the nations for uni- 
formity. Manj^ commercial and agricultural organizations have 
repeatedly indorsed the proposed movement, but having no power 
to put theif desires into execution nothing tangible has ever been 
effected. The establishment in 1908 of an International Institute of 
Agriculture at Rome, where are assembled in continuous work dele- 
gates from all the great agricultural countries of the world, has now 
created a center from which, it is expected, powerful influences will 
constantly be exerted for improvement of crop-reporting services, 
for their extension to all countries, for imiformity of statistical state- 
ments, and for a general unification of methods of statistical work 
throuo-hout the world. 



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V 



U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural Forecasts) and the 
Bureau of Plant Industry. 

March 23. 1914. 

THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 

]';ige. 

Stocks of Grain on Farms March 1 1 

Acciiracy of Estimates of Stocks of Grain 2 

Sliipments of Grain out of Counties where Grown 3 

Preparing Seed Corn for Planting (by C. P. Hartley) 4 

The Preparation of Seed Grain for Spring Planting (hy M. A. Carleton) 6 

V\'ages of Farm Labor 7 

Hours of Farm Hired Labor 9 

Trend of Prices of Farm Products JO 

Value per Acre of ("'rop Production 11 

Sjoecial Florida and California Crop Report 22 



STOCKS OF GRAIN ON FARMS MARCH 1. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Statistics (Agricul- 
tural Forecasts) estimates, from reports of correspondents and agcnits, 
that the amoimt of wheat on farms March 1, 1914, was about 
151,809,000 bushels or 19.9 per cent of the 1913 crop, against 
156,483,000 bushels or 21.4 per cent of the 1912 crop on farms March 
1, 1913, and 122,025,000 bushels or 19.6 per cent of the 1911 crop on 
farms March 1, 1912. About 53.9 per cent of the crop will be shipped 
out of the counties where grown, against 61.6 per cent of the 1912 
crop, and 56.1 per cent of the 1911 crop so shipped. 

The amount of corn on farms March 1, 1914, was about 866,392,000 
bushels or 35.4 per cent of the 1913 crop, against 1,289,655,000 
bushels or 41.3 per cent of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913, and 

TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF APRIL CROP REPORT. 

On Tuesday, April 7, at 12 noon (^^'asllington time), the Bureau of Statistics 
(Agricultural Forecasts) of the United States Department of Agriculture will issue 
a report upon the condition on April 1 of winter wheat and rye. Details by States, 
v.'iih comparisons, will appear in the April issue of the Agricultural Outlook. This 
nundjer (April) of the Agricultural Outlook will also give estimates of the condition 
on April 1 and losses during the year from diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, and 
swine; losses from exposure of cattle and sheep; and the number of breeding sows 
on April 1, 1914, as compared with April 1, 1913, in percentages. 
34516°— 14 1 



2 farmers' bulletin 584. 

884,069,000 bushels or 34.9 per cent of the 1911 crop on farms March 
1, 1912. About 17.2 per cent of the crop will bq shipped out of the 
counties where grown, against 21.8 per cent of the 1912 crop, and 
20.5 per cent of the 1911 crop so shipped. The proportion of the 
1913 crop which is merchantable is about 80.1 per cent, against 85 
per cent of the 1912 crop, and 80.1 per cent of the 1911 crop. 

The amount of oats on farms March 1, 1914, was about 419,476,000 
bushels or 37.4 per cent of the 1913 crop, against 604,216,000 bushels 
or 42.6 per cent of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913, and 
289,988,000 bushels or 31.4 per cent of the 1911 crop on farms March 
1, 1912. About 26.5 per cent of the crop will be shipped out of the 
counties where grown, against 30.9 per cent of the 1912 crop, and 
28.8 per cent of the 1911 crop so shipped. 

The amount of barley on farms March 1, 1914, was about 44,126,000 
bushels or 24.8 per cent of the 1913 crop, against 62,283,000 bushels 
or 27.8 per cent of the 1912 crop on farms Mai'ch 1, 1913, and 
24,760,000 bushels or 15.5 per cent of the 1911 crop on farms March 
1, 1912. About 48.4 per cent wiU be shipped out of the counties 
where grown, against 53.7 per cent of the 1912 crop, and 57.2 per 
cent of the 1911 crop so shipped. 

Details by States are shown in the tables on pages 12 to 15. 



ACCURACY OF ESTIMATES OF FARM SUPPLIES OF WHEAT. 

In years past there has been some disposition to question the esti- 
mates made on March 1 each year by the Department of Agriculture 
of the stocks of wheat held on farms as being too low, giving as a 
reason that the apparent supplies on July 1 plus the apparent con- 
sumption, for one-third of a year (March 1 to July 1) and exports from 
March 1 to July 1 gave a figure larger than the estimate of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture as to the stocks on farms. During the past four 
years these estimates have been checked against data, collected after 
the close of the season, of the marketings of wheat by farmers, sup- 
plies on July 1, and the amount used for seed. 

Table 1 shows the apparent stocks on March 1 of each of the past 
four years, based upon the stocks on farms July 1, the marketings 
between March 1 and July 1 , and the amount used for spring seeding. 

Table 1. 

[In millions of bushels.] 



On farms July 1 

Spring seeding 

Marketed Mar. 1 to July 1 by farmers 

Apparent farm stock Mar. 1 

Equal, in per cent of crop 

Stock on farms Mar. 1 as reported 

Equal, in per cent of crop 



1913 



1912 



33 


24 


24 


2o 


95 


80 



154 
21.1 



156 
21.4 



129 
20.8 



122 
19.6 



163 
25.6 



1910 



34 


36 


27 


25 


109 


94 


170 


156 


26.8 


22.8 



160 
23.4 



THE AGEICULTXJEAL OUTLOOK. 



Considering the difliculty involved in securing accurate data of 
supplies, there is reasonable consistency in the figures above. 

The total supplies of wheat in the country at any one time are made 
up of that held on farms, that held in interior mills and elevators, and 
that held in primary markets. Stocks held at primary markets and a 
comparatively few interior points of lai-ge accumulation can be 
counted and are called ''visible" stocks, and the amount so held is 
reported each week in trade journals as visible stocks of wheat. But 
no such data are collected concerning stocks held in the vast number 
of small mills and elevators scattered tliroughout the comitry. 

Soon after harvest farmers market their grain much faster than the 
receipts of grain at ''primary" or "visible" supply points indicate, 
suppUes then being accumulated in the uncounted interior mills and 
elevators; as the season advances, the movement from farms slackens, 
but the supplies at primary or "visible" points continue to be sup- 
pUed largely by the interior "invisible" points. In other words, in 
the first part of the crop season the marketings of farmers are relatively 
greater than the receipts at primary or "visible" points, but in the 
latter part of the crop season, from March 1 to July 1, the marketings 
b}^ farmers are relatively less than the receipts at primarj^ or "%dsible" 
points, the interior "invisible" points being the intermediate reservoir. 

Those who have criticized the estimates of the Department of 
Agriculture have evidently overlooked tliis difference in the relative 
marketings by farmers and the movement to primary points. The 
unaccounted stocks on ^larch 1 are held not so much on farms as in 
the interior mills and elevators. 



SHIPMENTS OF GRAIN OUT OF COUNTIES WHERE GROWN. 

In this issue of the Outlook (pp. 12 and 13) are published estimates 
of the percentage of the wheat and corn crops wliich moves out of 
comities where grown. Inquiries on this subject have been made 
yearly since 18S3, about 30 years; the estimates indicate approxi- 
mately the portion of the crops which enters commercial channels; 
that is, wliich is shipped by railroads or boats. 

The figures indicate that there has been a gradual increase in the 
portion of both the corn crop and the wheat crop so handled. For, 
by dividing the 30 years into three periods of 10 years each, it is 
observed that in the eighties 55.1 per cent of the wheat crop moved 
out of counties where grown; in the nineties, 55.7 per cent; and in the 
last decade, 58.1 per cent. 

So, in the case of corn, in the eighties 16.9 per cent of the crop 
moved out of counties where grown; in the nineties, 19.2 per cent; 
and m the last decade, 21.9 per cent of the crop. 



farmers' bulletin 584. 



This tendency of an increasing part of the crop to be carried by 
raih-oads is undoubtedly a result of the area of production moving 
westward faster than the movement of the consuming area. The 
East and Southeast have become more and more dependent upon the 
West for their grain supplies, and thus more and more of the crop is 
represented in interstate commerce. 



PREPARING SEED CORN FOR PLANTING. 

By C. P. Hartley, 

Phi/siologisl in Charge of Corn Investigations, Bureau of riant Industry. 

In general, better seed corn is now being used than was planted 
years ago. Experience is teaching the importance of good seed 
selection and proper care. Every spring there is a scarcity of good 
seed corn in some sections of the United States, and often the defi- 
ciency can not be suppUed from other sections because the seed is 
not suitable. This scarcity of good seed corn can be prevented if 
farmers will properly save enough seed for several years' planting. 
When the crop is good and the corn matures perfectly, sufficient 
seed for two or three years' planting should be saved. 

The past year was unusually favorable in some States, and in 
those States seed should be retained for 1915. The exercise of such 
foresight from year to year is greatly improving the general quality 
of the seed corn planted. Farmers in several States which, because 
of severe drought last summer, -averaged but very few bushels of 
corn per acre are now very much better supplied with acchmated 
seed corn than they would have been years ago under like circum- 
stances. 

SHOULD OLD OR NEW SEED BE PLANTED? 

Many inquiries have been received in regard to the comparative 
values of the seed corn of 1912 and 1913. Other things being equal, 
new seed should be planted. If, however, the season of 1913 was 
unfavorable to production or the proper maturing of the corn, while 
the season of 1912 was more favorable, the old seed will produce the 
better. Wlien selected early, promptly dried, and properly cared for, 
seed corn retains its vitaUty and productivity for several years. 

SHOULD THE GERMINATING POWER OF EACH EAR BE TESTED.' 

If from corn that matured well, seed is selected from standing 
stalks as soon as matured and is then promptly dried and kept dry, 
it will germinate all right. 

Test 50 or 100 ears. Use the rag-doU method, a box of damp 
sawdust or sand, or any of the methods that have been so often 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 5 

described. The testing can be done in the kitchen. It is merely 
necessary to keep the seed moist and warm for about six days. 
During the day the kernels should be fully as warm as a comforta- 
ble living room. It is not necessary to keep them at a uniform 
temperature, but they should not be allowed to become heated or 
to freeze. If the selected ears aU germinate well the remainder of 
the supply that has been equally well cared for need not be tested. 

No farmer can afford to plant an ear that is weak. It will i:)ro- 
duce weak, unproductive, and unprofitable stalks. 

Corn smut can not be prevented by ^treating the seed corn. 

A PRACTICAL METHOD OF GRADING SEED CORN. 

Seed corn can not be successfully graded by the ordinary fanning 
mill or seed grader. It can, however, be successfully graded before 
the kernels are removed from the ears. All farmers realize the 
advantage of a uniform stand of stalks. Xo corn planter will drop 
the same number of kernels in every hill unless they are uniform in 
size and shape. Before shelling, the ears should be divided into two 
classes — those having medium-sized kernels and those having large- 
sized kernels. 

SHELL THE SEED CORN BY HAND. 

The members of the staff of the OfRcc of Corn Investigations have 
used shellers of many makes, sizes, and patterns, and are agreed that 
it is advisable and profitable to shell seed corn by hand. The first 
operation consists in removing from the ears and discarding all kernels 
of poor size, shape, or appearance. The small, partially developed 
kernels from the tips of ears produce small, unproductive, and barren 
stalks. 

An ear is then shelled into a sieve, thus separating the chaff from 
the kernels. By this means the kernels from each ear can be 
inspected, and if in any way objectionable they can all be easily 
discarded. This opportunity is lost if ears are run tlii'ough a sheller, 
and shellers usually break or crack some of the kernels. 

TESTING THE DROP OF THE CORN PLANTER. 

Corn kernels are larger some seasons than others. The proper 
planter plates should be chosen, tested, and tied to the sack con- 
taining the kind of kernels which they drop satisfactorily. It is 
important to have these preliminaries well attended to early, so that 
delays will not occur when the soil is in good condition for planting. 



6 FAEMERS' BULLETIN 584. 

THE PREPARATION OF SEED GRAIN FOR SPRING PLANTING. 

By M. A. Carleton, 

Cerealist, Bureau of Plant Industry. 

CLEANING AND GRADING. 

Seed grain should be carefully cleaned and graded before sowing. 
This work is ordinarily done with the fanning mill, the light kernels 
and some of the trash being blown out by a current of air, while the 
small kernels and most of the weed seeds are removed by means of 
screens. Many of the light or small kernels will not germinate at 
all, v/hile others will produce only weak plants which mature little or 
no seed. The removal of the weed seeds helps to prevent the spread 
of weeds and favors the growth of the grain crop. 

The cleaning and grading process is also of assistance in preventing 
disease, as it removes many smut balls and diseased kernels. The 
proportion of the seed which should be removed depends very largely 
on its quality. If it is poor, light, or chaffy, a much larger propor- 
tion should be taken out than if it is plump and heavy. 



To prepare seed wheat for sowing two precautions are to be 
observed: First, run the grain through a fanning mill in order to 
obtain a uniformly good grade of seed. The wind will remove prac- 
tically all smut balls and light weed seed, while the heavier small 
seeds of weeds will pass through the sieves. Second, all seed wheat 
should be treated for the prevention of bunt or stinking smut and 
other preventable diseases. 

The following method of seed treatment, if carefully applied, will 
give satisfactory results: Prepare a solution of formalin by adding 
standard commercial formalin to water in the ratio of 1 pint to 40 
gallons. Pour this solution into a tank of convenient capacity, say 
24 cubic feet, until the tank is half full. Add grain to the amount of 
10 bushels, and stir with a long-handled shovel or hoe. This V\dll float 
smut balls to the surface for removal. Allow the solution to act 20 
to 30 minutes. Then draw off the solution into another tank or 
barrel and shovel the grain into sacks if it is to be sown the same day. 
Otherwise wash the treated grain with pure water and spread out to 
dry. 

It has been found that those wheats most easily injured by the 
thrasher are most susceptible to injury b}" formalin or bluestone 
treatment. Therefore to reduce this seed injury to a minimum it is 
advisable to wash the treated grain as suggested. Loose smiit of 
wheat can be prevented, but the method is not easily practicable. 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 7 

OATS. 

To prepare oats for planting, run seed through the fanning mill to 
remove bits of straw, weed stems, and foul seed. Then treat with a 
1-40 solution of formalin in the following way: Put grain to be 
treated in coarse bags and immerse for 20 muiutes in the formalui 
solution. Lift out of barrel and allow to drain. 

If it is not convenient to sow on day of treatment, the seed should 
be dipped in pure water to wash off the remaining formalin. This 
treatment, if ])roi)erly carried out, will prevent oat smut. 

BARLEY. 

In preparing barley seed for planting, the same methods should be 
employed as those recommendetl for oats. Barley, being somewhat 
more susceptible to formalm injury than other grains, should be 
treated 10 minutes with a 1-50 solution followed b}' washing in pure 
water. This treatment will prevent covered smut of barley and 
materially check the ravages of the leaf-stripe disease. 

FLAX. 

Thoroughly clean all seed before sowing. To prevent flax wilt and 
other preventable diseases, pile the seed to be treated on a clean, 
tight floor and apph^ a 1-40 solution of formalin at the rate of 2 
quarts to the bushel. This will not cause the seed to mat, but is 
suflicient to moisten it thoroughly. 

GR-VIN SORGHUMS. 

The seeds of kafir, milo, feterita, etc., intended for plantmg this 
spring should be carefully examined for quality. Prolonged summer 
drought in 1913, aided by chinch bugs and grasshoppers m some sec- 
tions, injured these crops quite seriously in a considerable part of the 
sorghum belt. Much of the seed harvested from such fields was 
immature or shrunken and will give only poor stands if planted. 

Some seed which was of fairly gofxl quality when harvested has 
doubtless been injured by being allowed to heat in the bin after 
thrashing. Careful germination tests will help to show the planting 
value of the seed in hand. It should be remembered, however, that 
poor seed usually does not germinate as well in the fields as in tests 
made in the house. 



WAGES OF FARM LABOR. 



The money wages of farm labor increased about 2.5 per cent during 
the past year and about 1 1 per cent during the past four years. Since 
1902 the increase has been about 36 per cent. These estimates are 
based upon reports of correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics 
(Agricultural Forecasts) of the Department of Agriculture. 



8 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 584. 

Wages of farm labor tended upward during the decade of the 
seventies, they were ahnost stationary during the eighties, and 
dechned from 1892 to 1894, since which time they have steadily tended 
upward. Farm wages now, compared with wages during the eighties, 
are about 55 per cent higher; compared with the low year of 1894, 
wages are now about 67 per cent higher. 

The current average rate of farm wages in the United States, when 
board is included, is, by the month, $21.38; by the day, other than 
harvest, $1.16; at harvest, $1.57. "VMi en board is not includ cd the rate 
is, by the month, $30.31; by the day, other than harvest, $1.50; by 
the day at harvest, $1.94. 

The premium of harvest wages over ordinary day wages on the 
farm is gradually lessening. Thirty years ago wages at harvest 
averaged nearly 60 per cent higher than wages at other than harvest 
time; 20 years ago the premium was about 42 per cent; 10 years ago, 
about 35 per cent; and last year, about 32 per cent. Perhaps this is 
due in part to improved labor-saving harvest machinery and in part 
to an improved system of farming by which the labor demand is more 
evenly distributed through the year. 

The money wages, when board is furnished, is about 30 per cent 
less than when board is not included; that is, nearly one-third of 
w^hat a man earns is charged to board. This ratio has not changed 
materially in the past 30 years. 

Wages in different sections of the United States vary widely, averag- 
insr highest in the far Western States and lowest in the South Atlantic 
vStates. For instance, tlie monthly rate, without board, is $56.50 in 
Nevada, $54 in Montana, and $51 in Utah; but $17.90 in South Caro- 
hna, $19.60 in ;Mississippi, and $20.20 in Georgia. The highest 
State average, $56.50, is thus seen to be 3.2 times higher than the 
lowest rate, $17.90. 

This wide difference in the wage rates in different sections of the 
United States is gradually lessening. In seven investigations made 
between 1866 and 1881 the average of wages of farm day labor (with- 
out board) in the far Western States (where wages were highest) was 
about 160 per cent higher than in the South Atlantic States (where 
wages were lowest) ; whereas in seven investigations made since 1898 
the Western States averaged about 110 per cent higher than the 
South Atlantic, and in the past year they were only about 90 per cent 
higher. 

The money w\ages of farm labor have increased relatively more than 
wages for labor in city manufactories during the past 20 to 30 years. 
A comparison of the average of wages per emplo57'ee in manufacturing 
industri(^s, as reported by the censuses of 1910, 1900, and 1890, indi- 
cates that the wages of such employees increased 22 per cent in 10 
years (1900 to 1910) and increased only 23 per cent in the 20 years; 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 

tlio increases in farm-labor wages were approximately 37 per cent in 
the 10 years and about 55 per cent in the 20 years. This relative 
gain of rural upon urban wages tends to check automatically the 
movement from country to cit)- . 

Wages of farm labor have been increasing rapidly, not only in the 
United States, but in most, if not all, other countries of the world. 
In the central agricultural region of Russia the wage per day paid to 
male labor for the years 1901-1905 averaged 34. kopecks (17.5 cents) 
at sowing time, 50 kopecks (25.7 cents) at hay harvest, and 54 
kopecks (27.7 cents) at wheat harvest. By 1910 these wages had 
increased to 55 kopecks (27.8 cents), 73 kopecks (37.6 cents), and 87 
kopecks (44.8 cents), respectively. In Hungary the wages of agri- 
cultural laborers increased about 60 per cent in the 10 years from 
1897 to 1907. In Denmark, from 1892 to 1905, wages of farm labor, 
with board, increased about 30 per cent, and without board 22 per 
cent. In Sweden wages of agricultural laborers increased 38 per cent 
in the 10 years from 1898 to 1908. For Norway we have data show- 
ing the wages in country and in towns, wherein is shown tliat wages 
with board increased 19 per cent in country and 15 per cent in towns 
during the 10 years, 1895 to 1905, thus showing a greater gain in 
country than in town wages. In Japan, where economic conditions 
have been changing raj^idly, the yearly money wages of agricultural 
la])or more than doulded in the 14 years from 1894 1o 1908 and 
increased 43 per cent from 1898 to 1908. 

Although farm wages in the United States increased about 37 per 
cent from 1900 to 1910, land values nearly doubled in the same time, 
indicathig that in the distribution of the proceeds from farming- 
operations a larger proportion now goes to capital account and less to 
labor account than formerly; the interest rate of return on the cap- 
italized value of land, however, is probably less now than 25 or 30 
years ago. The value per acre of crop production increased about 
50 per cent from 1900 to 1910. 

A detailed statement by States of wages is shown on pages 16, 17, 
and 18. 

HOURS OF FARM HIRED LABOR. 

The average length of time per day required of hired labor on farms 
of the United States during the spring season is 9 hours 54 minutes; 
during the summer season, 10 hours 54 minutes; fall season, 9 hours 
52 minutes; winter season, 8 hours 33 minutes. The average for the 
four seasons is 9 hours 48 minutes. These estimates are based upon 
reports of correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics (Agricultural 
Forecasts), Department of Agriculture, shown in detail on page 19. 

The State having the longest working time in the spring season is 
North Dakota, 10 hours 50 minutes; followed by Wisconsin, 10 hours 
34516°— 14 2 



10 farmers' bulletin 584. 

40 minutes; and Minnesota, 10 hours 30 minutes. The shortest 
working day in the spring is in Utah, 9 hours; followed by Arizona 
and Nevada, each with 9 hours 30 minutes. 

In the summer season Maryland has the distinction of the longest 
working day, 11 hours 45 minutes; followed by Oklahoma, 11 hours 
25 minutes; and Minnesota, 1 1 hours 20 minutes. Utah again has the 
shortest working day, 9 hours 30 minutes, followed by Nevada, New 
Hampshire, and Massachusetts, each ^^ith 10 hours. 

The time required of farm labor in the fall is longest in North 
Dakota, 11 hours; followed by Minnesota, 10 hours 25 minutes; and 
South Dakota, 10 hours 15 minutes. The shortest period is in Utah, 
9 hours; followed by Delaware, 9 hours 25 minutes; and Nevada, 
9 hours 30 minutes. 

In the winter season a day's work is longest in Florida, 9 hours 20 
minutes; followed by Vermont, 9 hours 15 minutes; and New Hamp- 
shire, 9 hours 10 minutes. The shortest period in winter is in Utah, 
7 hours 55 minutes; followed by North Dakota and Indiana, each 
with 8 hours 5 minutes; and Wyoming and Idaho, 8 hours 10 
minutes. 

By combining the sepai'ate estimates of the four seasons, we find 
Wisconsin ranking first, 10 hours 16 minutes; Minnesota and North 
Dakota close behind, each with 10 hours 15 minutes; followed by 
Maryland, with 10 hours 7 minutes; and South Dakota, 9 hours 59 
minutes. The shortest period is credited to Utah, 8 hours 51 minutes; 
followed by Nevada, 9 hours 21 minutes ; Arizona, 9 hours 26 minutes ; 
Ohio, 9 hours 30 minutes; and Wyoming, 9 hours 31 minutes. 

It thus appears that farm hired labor is required to work longest 
in the section including Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North and South 
Dakota ; and shortest in the Rocky Mountain States, including Utah, 
Nevada, Arizona, and Wyoming. 



TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the prin- 
cipal crops increased about 1.3 per cent during February; in the past 
six years the price level has increased during February 1.7 per cent; 
thus, the increase this year is less than usual. 

On March 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 18.1 per cent 
higher than a year ago, but 7.5 per cent lower than two years ago and 
4.8 per cent higher than the average of the past six years on March 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals increased 3.1 per cent during the month from Januaiy 15 to 
February 15, which compares with an increase of 4.7 per cent in the 
same period a year ago, an increase of 1.8 per cent two years ago, a 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



11 



decrease of 3.4 per cent three years ago, and an increase of 0.6 per cent 
four years ago. 

It thus appears that the advance in prices in meat animals in the 
past month this year has been greater than usual. 

On February 15 the average (weighted) prices of meat animals, 
hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens, was $7.27 per 100 pounds, which is 
8.6 per cent higher than the prevailing price a year ago, 31.3 per cent 
higher than two years ago, 17.5 per cent higher than three years ago, 
and 8.4 per cent higher than four years ago on February 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 20 and 21. 



VALUE PER ACRE OF CROP PRODUCTION. 

The value per acre of crop ])r()ductiou in 1913 is estimated as 
approximately $16.31, which is the highest average that has been 
recorded in any year since such (estimates have been made, viz, 1866, 
and compares with $15.96 similarly estimated for 1912 crops, $15.51 
for 1911, $15.52 for 1910, and $16.02 for 1909. Crop yields in 1911 
were very short and in 1913 below average, whereas 1912 crops were 
unusually large; but, by reason of high prices w^hen production is 
short and low prices when production is large, the vahu^ per acre in 
these years lias differed but slightly. 

In particular States, however, there have been considerable varia- 
tions. Value per acre was lowest this year in Kansas, $7, due to the 
severe drought last summ(>r; the year before Kansas crops were 
worth $10.60 per acre. On th(> other hand, Iowa crops in 1913 
($17.01 per acre) were worth more than in 1912 ($14.30). 

A detailed statement by States for the ])ast five years is given on 

page . These estimates are based upon data <iV)tained for 12 

crops — wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, buckwlieat, flaxseed, ])otatoes, 
hay, cotton, rice, and tobacco — which comprise al)out 90 per cent of 
the total crop area of the Ignited States and represent apj^roximately 
tlie average of all crops. 

The trend of value per acre of crop production in the United States 
since 1866 is shown in Table 2. 

Table 2. — Value per acre of 12 important crops, combined, in the United States, 

1866-1913.^ 



1913 


$16.31 


1903 

1902 


... $12.62 
... 12.07 


1893 

1892 


. . . $9. 50 
... 10.10 


1883.... 
1882 


... $10.93 
... 12. 93 


1873.... 
1872.... 


.$14. 19 


1912.... 


... 15.96 


... 14. 86 


1911.... 


... 15.51 


1901 


... 11.43 


1891 


... 11.76 


1881 


... 13.10 


1871 


... 15. 74 


1910.... 


... 15.52 


1900.... 


... 10.31 


1890 


... 11.03 


18S0 


... 13.01 


1870 


... 15.40 


1909.... 


... 16. 02 


1899.... 


... 9.13 


1889 


. . . 8. 99 


1879 


. . . 13. 26 


1869 


... 14.67 


1908. . . . 


... 15.32 


1898.... 


... 9. 00 


1888 


... 10.30 


1878 


... 10.37 


1868 


... 14.17 


1907.... 


... 14. 74 


1897 


... 9.07 


1887 


... 10.14 


1877 


... 12.01 


1867 


... 15.09 


1906.... 


... 13. 46 


1896. . . . 


... 7. 94 


1886 


... 9.41 


1876 


... 10. 80 


1866 


... 14.17 


1905.... 


... 13. 28 


1895 


... 8.12 


1885 


... 9.72 


1875 


... 12.20 






1904.... 


... 13. 26 


1894 


... 9. 06 


1884 


... 9.95 


1874 


. . . 13. 25 







1 For years previous to 1909 rice and flaxseed are not included: these omissions in 1911 made no dilTer- 
ence in the average for 1911 and only 1 cent in 1910; therefore their omission is practically negligible in 
the results. Values, 1866 to 1878, reduced to gold basis. 



12 



FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 584. 



Table 3. — Wheat. — Estimated stocks on farms and in interior mills and elevators and 
price per bushel Mar. 1. percentage of crop which moves out of county ivhere grown, by 
States, and for time indicated. 



State. 


Per cent 

of crop on 

farms Mar. 1. 


Quantity on farms Mar. 
1 in thousands of 
bushels, i. e., 000 
omitted. 


Per cent of 

crop shipped 

out of county 

where 

grown. 


Quantity in interior 
mills and elevators 
Mar. 1, in thousands 
of bushels. 


Price per 

bushel to 

producers 

Mar. 1. 




1914 


1913 


1909 
to 
1913 
av. 


1914 


1913 


1909 to 
1913 
aver. 


1914 


1913 


10- 
yr. 
av. 


1914 


1913 
(revised 

esti- 
mates). 


1912 


1914 1913 


1909 
to 
1913 

av. 


Me 


P.ct 
35 


P.ct 
25 


P.ct 
34 


Bu. 
35 


Bu. 
25 


Bu. 
38 


P.ct 



P.ct 



P.ct 



Bu. 

0) 


Bu. 

(') 


Bu. 

C) 


Cts. Cfs. 


Cts. 


N H 






vt 


12 


22 


38 








5 











(') 


(') 


(') 


100 95 


t04 






K. I 
























































1 




N.Y 


25 
21 
30 
21 

16 
22 
27 
28 
20 

22 


26 
20 
27 
19 

18 
20 
21 
25 
20 

14 


27 
25 
33 
23 

22 
28 
26 
30 
24 

21 


1,700 
294 

6,570 
336 

1,296 
2,332 

810 

1,988 

200 

374 


1,404 
300 


1,908 
398 


31 
30 
32 
53 

56 
32 

12 
4 

1 

6 


30 
33 
39 

51 

62 

31 

11 

4 

1 

3 


23 

25 
28 
54 

62 

32 

15 

5 

2 

4 


612 
(1) 
3,935 

(') 

1,136 
1,591 

(■) 
(') 
(>) 


536 

0) 
3,571 

0) 

898 
1,547 

(1) 
(1) 
(') 

0) 


871 

(') 
3,480 

(') 

1,504 
2,160 

(') 
(') 
(') 

(') 


97 101 
94. 103 
95 100 


102 


N.J 


104 


Pa 


6,021 7,595 


KB 


Del 


361 

1,620 
1,720 

714 
1,325 

140 

168 


415 

2,228 

2,428 
868 

1,688 
264 

301 


98 

95 
100 
101 
110 
124 

117 


100 

101 
106 
102 
111 
115 

121 


las 


Md 


103 


Va 


107 


W. Va 

N.C 


106 
115 


s. c 


1?? 


Ga 


^K 


Fla 




Ohio 


28 
20 
17 

26 
36 
29 
26 
IT 

19 
27 
22 
12 
13 

16 
15 


17 
13 
11 

22 
34 
34 
32 
16 

21 
25 
25 
18 
12 

18 
10 
12 


28 
22 
19 

27 
32 

28 
32 
19 

22 
25 
26 

18 
17 

20 
19 
22 


9,828 
7,960 
7,123 

3,328 

1,332 

19, 720 

4,264 
6, 732 

14,991 
9,180 
13, 706 
10, 440 

1,287 

1,344 
60 


1,666 
1,313 
1,078 

1,540 
1,224 
22, 780 
4,096 
3,808 

30, 198 
13, 050 
13, 775 
16,614 

828 

1,278 
30 
12 


7,947 
6,970 
5,921 

4.024 
1,052 
16,851 
3,282 
5,108 

19, 708 
9,799 
11,838 
12,875 
1,485 

1,545 
82 
13 


44 
52 

53 

40 
24 
59 

58 
43 

.68 
65 
62 
54 
25 

28 
3 


27 
40 
52 

36 
21 
62 
58 
53 

73 
70 
69 
69 
29 

28 
4 

1 


44 
50 
53 

41 
17 
67 
39 

48 

75 
72 
66 
71 
31 

30 
3 



4,212 
4,773 
3,770 

1,789 
476 
8,845 
1,312 
5,542 

8,674 
6,795 
6,856 
6,959 
1,972 

1,428 


1,464 
1,210 

982 

980 

463 

10, 726 

1,928 

4,275 

24, 449 
8,350 
4,955 
8,306 
1,166 

920 

(•) 


6,154 
5,848 
7,140 

2,590 
651 
5,707 
1,590 
6,137 

9,516 
1,776 
4,576 
4,626 
2, .574 

1,245 

(') 


92 
91 

87 

92 
83 
83 
79 

87 

SO 
78 
74 
79 
97 

103 
122 


102 
98 
94 

101 
82 
79 
79 
95 

74 
75 
73 
77 
101 

107 

118 


103 


Ind 


101 


Ill ... . 


98 


Mich. 


100 


Wis 


93 


Minn 


94 


Iowa . . 


88 


Mo 


98 


N.Dak 

S. Dak 

Nebr 


90 
89 

85 




91 


Ky... 


103 


Tenn 


108 


Ala 


114 


Miss 




La 
















Tex 


10 

8 
24 
23 
31 
21 

15 

12 
28 

28 

19 
12 
11 
13 


12 

13 

17 
27 
35 
19 

15 
10 
32 
29 

25 
14 
13 
13 


11 

13 
23 

26 
31 
24 

IS 
12 
31 

28 

22 
14 
14 
10 


1,360 

1,400 
312 

4,761 
682 

2,328 

180 

108 

1,792 

308 

. 2,679 
6, 396 


1,320 

2,613 
1.53 

5,211 
770 

2,090 

180 

70 

1,952 

319 

3,650 

7 .=;is 


938 

2,266 
238 

2, .597 
486 

1,987 

178 

69 

1,570 

240 

2,783 
5,927 
2,226 

883 


48 

60 
14 
55 
25 

55 

15 
10 
28 
20 

54 
75 
58 
48 


50 

68 
13 
49 
20 

48 

13 

5 

35 

20 

58 
79 
65 
61 


32 

62 
8 

37 
9 

49 

8 

7 

35 

14 

63 
77 
59 
61 


2,320 
1,575 

Si 

(>) 

(') 
(') 
(') 
(') 

(') 

9,594 

(1) 
(•) 


1,764 

3,215 

(') 

(■) 
(0 

(') 

(>) 
(') 
(') 
(') 

0) 

16,118 
0) 

(1) 


1,056 

900 

0) 
0) 
(1) 
(') 

(>) 
(') 
(1) 
(') 

0) 

9,633 
0) 
0) 


90 

80 
87 
65 
73 
75 

92 

100 
75 
91 

67 

80 
96 


93 

80 
90 
66 
91 
73 

87 
118 

76 
101 

68 

80 
90 


104 


Okla 


9'? 


Ark 


97 


Mont 


83 


Wvo 


97 


Colo 


86 


N.Mex 

Ariz 


107 
114 


Utah 


S3 


Nev 


106 


Idaho 

Wash 


79 

85 


Oreg 


1 727 "> 7.^n 


88 


Cal 


'546 


819 


99 






U.S 


19.9 


21.4 22.3 


151,809 


156,483 149,024!53.9i61.6'58.1 

1 111 


98, 505 


118, 400 


95, 71C 


,83.1 


80.6 


93.1 



1 Not estimated separately, but included in total. 



THE AGEICULTTJEAL OUTLOOK. 



13 



Table 4. — Com. — Estimated stocks on farms and price per bushel Mar. 1, percentage of 
crop which mores out of county -where groicn, and percentage of crop vhich is of mer- 
chantable quality, by States, and for time indicated. 



Maine 

New Hampshire. 
Vermont 

Massachusetts . . . 
Ehode Island 



Connecticut . . 

New York 

New Jersey. . . 
Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina . 



Georgia. 
Florida. 
Ohio.... 
Indiana . 
Illinois . . 



Michigan . . 
AVisconsiu . 
Minnesota . 

Iowa 

Missouri... 



North Dakota : 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee . 
Alabama. . 
Mississippi . 
Louisiana . . 
Texas 



Oklahoma. 
Arkansas. . 
Montana . . 
Wyoming. 
Colorado. . . 



New Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 



Per cent of 

crop on 

farms 

Mar. 1 — 



P.c 

17 
21 
24 

28 
47 

30 
23 
44 

3S 
43 

42 
44 
33 

4S 
53 

53 
42 
37 
37 
36{ 



P.c. 
21 
30 

28 
34 

48 

32 
33 
40 
39 
41 

46 
42 
34 
45 
50 

42 
34 
44 
44 
45 



32 38 

37 3 

35| 42 

37 45 

22l 40 



P.c 
22 
30 
31 
33 
41 

32 
31 
40 
36 
41 

41 
41 
31 

46 
52 

44 
37 
39 
40 
43 

34 
32 
35 
43 
38 

20 
32 
41 
34 
39 

42 
43 
43 
38 
31 

28 
38 
19 
21 

28 

20 
16 
20 



Quantity on farms Mar. 1, 
in thousands of bushels, 
i. e., 000 omitted. 



Bu. 
102 

168 
408 
532 

188 

690 

3,450 

4,796 

21,698 

2,666 

9,282 
22,660 

7,491 
26, 544 
20, 405 

33,390 

4,242 

54, 131 

()5, 208 
101,592 

17,952 
24, 716 
33,600 
125, 171 
28, 402 

2, 100 
20,863 
27,408 

1,404 
25, 432 

28,854 
26,038 
30,240 
15, 884 
48,960 

9,396 

16,920 

252 

85 
2,016 

288 
80 



Bu. 

126 
330 
504 
714 
240 

960 

6,534 

4,160 

24,024 

2,706 

11,270 
19,950 
8,330 
22, 995 
17,150 

22,680 
2,890 
76, 73( 
87, 73( 
191,835 

20, 976 
20,405 
32,844 

194,400 
97,560 

1,760 
27, 468 
73,040 
62, 712 
45,948 

40, 018 
24,390 
25,5t;0 
12, 025 
52, 122 

31,589 

19,695 

180 

140 

3,219 

441 

S5 
00 



gS 



Bu. 



153 
304 
610 

06 
184 

899 

6, 372 

4,081 

20, 594 

2,467 

9,362 
19,361 

6,380 
21,38 
15,32 

22,915 

2,925 

60, 145 

71,904 

157, 795 

18,931 
17,054 
23,605 
146,983 
SI, 105 

1,127 

18,684 
75, 316 
53, 899 
36,998 

35, 464 
20, 436 
20,419 
12, 650 
39, 785 

24, S54 

19,048 

71 

40 



Per cent of 
crop shipped 
out of county 
where 
grown. 



P.c. 

1 

1 
1 


2 
15 



379 
71 

53 



1,581 15 



P.c.\P.c. 



Per cent of 
crop mer- 
chantable. 



P.c. 
65 
64 
61 
72 
71 

73 
59 

88 



p.c 

80 
76 
70 

82 

S( 

84 
73 
90 

86 



29 80 

lOi 84 

5 811 

4 87 

3 9l! 



24 81] 
321 M 



89 
91 

71 

]\ 

87 
87 

55 
71 
80 



86 89 
83 



78i 81 

861 S3 

65| 81 

50| 74 

66i 

70 81 

87 85 

70 74 



Price per 
bushel to 
producers 
Mar. 1— 



"* 
o 


05 


as. 


Cts. 


85 


m 


80 


65 


74 


66 


79 


68 




85 


77 


66 


80 


m 


77 


64 


71 


63 


70 


54 


68 


.56 


83 


70 


86 


68 


93 


83 


101 


90 


93 


85 


81 


87 


63 


49 


61 


46 


()0 


46 


t)6 


52 


59 


48 


50 


38 


,56 


39 


72 


48 


57 


49 


54 


37 


(iO 


43 


71 


47 


79 


61 


82 


65 


93 


79 


81 


75 


79 


75 


87 


69 


75 


49 


82 


70 




92 


75 


50 


68 


46 


77 


77 


108 


V.V) 


74 


72 


73 


76 


71 


82 


86 


83 


69.1 


52.2 



Cts. 
74 
73 
71 
73 
72 

75 
70 
69 
69 
62 

65 
75 
76 
85 
91 

86 
87 
57 
54 
53 

59 
57 

48 
48 
57 

58 
47 
48 
54 
67 



83 
79 
73 

75 

59 
74 
98 
62 
64 

93 
110 

77 



Idaho 

Washington . 

Oregon 

California 



40 

150 

78 

252 



52 
1.52 

78 
266 



40 
114 



218 



78 8' 

80 83 

80 81 

90 89 



United States. 



35,4 41.3 



39, o! 866,392 



1,289,655 l,072,S,S517,2i21,S 



14 



FARMERS BULLETIN 584. 



Table 5. — Oats. — Estimated stocks on/arms and price per bushel Mar. 1 and percentage 
of crop vhich moves out of county where grown, by States, and for time indicated. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire . 

Vermont 

Massachuset ts 

Rhode Island 

Coimecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States . 



Per cent of crop 
on farms Mar. 1— 



1014 


1913 


r.c. 


r.c. 


m 


32 


28 


35 


:« 


39 


24 


35 


27 


32 


27 


24 


43 


43 


35 


31 


42 


42 


25 


25 


26 


25 


.30 


29 


28 


30 


20 


19 


18 


18 


19 


15 


15 


11 


36 


41 


29 


36 


37 


41 


39 


42 


45 


49 


44 


47 


40 


47 


28 


37 


47 


58 


43 


52 


38 


44 


23 


39 


23 


28 


26 


24 


14 


13 


16 


14 


15 


14 


22 


22 


25 


32 


27 


21 


46 


50 


35 


45 


35 


35 


20 


24 


23 


13 


32 


40 


31 


27 


32 


38 


33 


30 


33 


31 


15 


14 


37.4 


42.6 



1909- 
1913 

aver- 
age. 



P.c. 
31 
32 
37 
32 
32 

26 
41 
38 
40 
26 



Quantity on farms 
Mar. l" in thousands 
of bushels, i. e., 000 
omitted. 



Bu. 
2,016 
112 
1,178 

72 



81 

18, 361 

700 

15,036 

25 

338 

1,260 

784 

900 

1.530 

1,748 

1.35 

19. 584 

10. 556 

38,517 

17,550 
37,3.50 
49,544 
67,300 
7.420 

27,166 

18, 103 

22, 648 

7, 8S9 

736 

1.638 
938 
448 
150 

7,150 

4,625 

1,728 

10, 028 

2,940 

3.7-15 

300 

69 

1,312 

155 

4,832 

4. 686 

5,016 

990 



Bu. 

1,472 
175 

1,287 
105 
32 

72 

15, 781 

589 

15,288 
25 

350 

1,131 

930 

722 
1,260 

1,140 

77 

38,253 

28, 728 

74,907 

21,756 
41.503 
57,763 
102. 366 
13, 727 

55,216 
27,248 
24,420 
21,450 
1,120 

1,344 
676 
280 
98 

6,842 

7,520 

735 

11.450 

3, 870 

4.340 

432 

39 

1.680 

108 

6,460 
4,110 
4,247 
1,092 



37.1 419,476 604,216 396,230 



1909- 
1913 
aver- 
age. 



Bu. 

1,480 

140 

1,033 

ss 

24 

92 

15,863 

735 

12,966 

29 

313 

1,097 

675 

732 

1,143 

1,123 

104 

22, 759 

17,. 302 

50,209 

17,548 
31,722 
34, 168 
63, 152 
9,677 

25,159 
14,301 
22,0.89 
13,485 
928 

1,396 
684 
340 
109 

3,661 

4,627 
1,042 
6,503 
1,936 
3,026 

278 

35 

1,215 

87 

3,817 

3,228 

3,248 

862 



"Per cent of crop 

shipped out of 

county where 

grown. 



P.c. 
2 
3 
1 
1 






P.c. 
2 



1 


4 
13 



10-yr. 
aver 



P.c. 
2 

1 
1 




7 
12 

7 
10 

12 
7 
3 
3 
3 

3 

3 

31 

44 
51 

26 
18 
29 
39 
16 

16 
27 
34 
14 



Price per bushel 
to producers 
Mar. 1 — 



1914 



Cts. 
60 
57 
50 
52 



Cts. 
50 
49 
46 
46 



1909- 
1913 
aver- 



Cts. 
56 
55 
55 
55 
60 

55 
49 
49 
50 
45 

49 

58 
56 
65 
68 



74 
43 
41 
41 

43 
41 
38 

37 
44 

38 
37 
38 
44 
54 

56 
68 
65 

62 
57 

51 
60 
46 
52 
50 

60 
71 
51 
63 



42.6 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



Table Q.—Bar\ey.~-Estimated stocks on /amis and price per bushel Mar. 1 percentane of 
crop which moves out of county where grown, by States, and for time indicated 



State. 



Percent of crop 
on farms Mar. 1— 



1914 



Maine 30 

New Hampshire 20 

Vermont 25 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 



Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . . 
Delaware 



1913 



P.c. 
23 
25 
25 



Quantity on farms 
Mar. 1, in thousands 
of bushels, i. e., 000 
omitted . 



P.c. 
21 
27 

28 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



iia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 
South Dakota 
Nebraska . . . . . 

Klansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi.... 

Louisiana 

Texas 



20 



Oklahoma. 
Arkansas. . 
Montana . . 
Wyoming. . 
Colorado . . . 



New Mexico. 
Arizona... 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California... 



23 


2."-, 


23 


20 


21 


24 


15 


16 



United States.. 



24.8 



27.8 



Bu. 
23 

100 



259 

44 

393 

527 

5,981 

10,788 

2,300 

22 

6,885 

3,856 

370 

486 

6 

3 



19 
282 
289 
123 

1,739 

1,677 

882 

4,972 



Bu. 
21 

112 



Per cent of crop 

shipped out of 

countj' where 

grown. 



Price per bushel 

to producers 

Mar. 1 — 



P.c. 
1 


1 



400 

"(58 



192 
90 

684 

621 

8,184 

14, 280 

4,234 

35 

10,912 

5,775 

775 

1,804 



52 
30 

"ism 

180 
1,050 

12 
336 
319 
150 

1,725 
1,580 
1,032 



60 

34 

285 

308 

2,926 

4,760 

2,200 

25 

3,690 

825 

182 

320 

6 

17 



10 

10 

'"'385' 
100 
315 

15 
195 
150 
125 

900 
1,040 

780 
4,466 



P.c. 
1 





1912 



P.c. 
2 





44,126 62,283 



24, 760 



48.4 



53.7 



Cts. 

77 
90 
80 



62 

70 68 



51 
55 
66 I 



1909- 
1913 

aver- 
age. 



Cts. 



63 
65 

68 
71 
64 
65 
70 

57 
62 
54 
61 
74 



16 



farmers'' bulletin 584. 
Table 7. — Wages of male farm, labor. 





Per month with hoard. 


Pei 


month without board. 


State and division. 


1913 


1909 


1899 


1893 


1913 


1909 


1899 


1893 


Maine 


.$25. 50 
24.70 
26.30 
25.50 
25.00 

23.90 
25.50 
21.20 
20.60 
17.20 

17.30 
16.10 
21.20 
15.90 
13.40 

14.30 
17.90 
22.70 
22.30 
2.5.30 

24.90 
28.10 
28.90 
30.70 
21.60 

31.00 
30.00 
26.90 
24.00 
17.40 

15. 80 
14.40 
13.60 
14.00 
19.20 

20.00 
17.00 
37.20 
34.70 
29.10 

24.80 
35.00 
38. .50 
39.70 

36.00 
33. 20 
31.00 
35.10 

21.38 


$26. 71 
25.18 
25.93 
26.52 
24.62 

24.61 

24.78 
20.50 
19.69 
17.12 

15.96 
15.00 
20.33 
14.05 
11.96 

13.21 
17.86 
21.35 
21.40 
24.52 

24.36 
27.52 
28.30 
28.14 
20.56 

32. 33 
30.38 
27.50 
25.21 
17.13 

14.98 
13.19 
14.21 
13.94 

18.47 

20.87 
16.31 
38.05 
34.53 
31.53 

25.62 
35.28 
40.77 
40.30 

39.38 
35. 43 
33.11 
34.17 

20.01 


$18.00 
18.48 
18.74 
18.32 
18.35 

17.52 
17.52 
15.19 
14.32 
11.98 

11.53 
10.43 
13.55 
8.56 
7.34 

8.05 
11.32 
15. 27 
15.45 
17.76 

16.95 
19.20 
19. 98 
19. 32 

14.57 

21.82 
20.41 
18.87 
17.46 
12.24 

10.33 
S. 63 
9.27 
10.30 
12.94 

14.52 
10.54 
32.12 
29. 64 
23.23 

18.45 
28.23 
25.72 
31.76 

28.13 
25.06 
22.89 
25.64 

13.90 


$18. 20 
18.96 
18.20 
18. 55 
19.14 

18.21 
18.91 
14.74 
14.19 
12.23 

11.77 
9.84 

12.82 
8.62 
7.92 

8.99 
11.67 
15.40 
15.69 

18.08 

17.54 
18.58 
18.78 
19.46 
14.56 

22.27 
20.24 
17.96 
16.27 
11.98 

10.10 
9.12 
9. 78 
11.44 
13.58 

14.85 
11.56 
32. 09 
30.48 
23. 42 

18.76 
26.12 
24.65 
30.58 

27.28 

24.11 

. 21.99 

26.37 

13.85 


.$36.00 

38. 60 
37.00 
42.00 
39.40 

39. .30 
36.20 
.35. .50 
32. 00 
2(i. 00 

26. 50 
23.50 
30. 50 
22. .30 
17.90 

20.20 
26.70 
32. 20 
30.20 
33. 30 

35.00 
39.80 
41.00 
40.20 
29.40 

42.50 
43.00 
38.40 
33.70 
24.00 

22.30 
20.30 
19.60 
20.70 
27.50 

29.10 
24.50 
54.00 
49.20 
44.. 30 

36.00 
48. 50 
51.00 
56.50 

50.00 
48.40 
44. .50 
50.70 

30.31 


.137. 38 
37.92 
36.51 
41.40 
43.11 

36. 92 
33.64 
32. 01 
29.45 
26.14 

23.82 
21.11 
28.05 
19.55 
15.71 

18.33 
26.64 
28.84 
27.91 
31.31 

32. 96 
36. 92 
38.90 
.36. 19 

27.74 

45.96 
40. 75 
37.98 
34.79 
22.38 

20. 36 
18.63 
19.79 
19. 54 
25.14 

28.70 
22.68 
53.32 
43.98 
45.59 

34.17 
48.24 
56.12 
54.95 

51.64 
48. 54 
43.98 
4 7. .30 

27.43 


.$26. 58 
28.22 
27.49 
31.25 
30.56 

30.28 
24.88 
25.30 
22.71 
18.55 

17.92 
14.82 
19.85 
12.39 
10.06 

11.38 
17.40 
22.14 
21.87 
24.34 

24.12 
27.68 
29.46 
27.09 
20.44 

32.84 
.30. 58 
27.40 
25.24 
16.64 

14.21 
12.56 
13.17 
14.88 
17.98 

21.55 
15.09 
42.78 
42.54 
34.36 

25.22 
38.26 
34.43 
45.10 

39. 39 
36.77 
31.23 
36.87 

19.97 


$26. .39 


New Hampshire 


28.72 
25.55 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 


31.15 
30.58 

.32.32 




26.64 




24.83 


Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


22.84 
19.54 




18.30 




14.40 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


19.06 
12.56 
10.96 

12.54 


Florida 


18.24 


Ohio 


21.99 


Indiana 


21.87 


Illinois 


24.79 


Michigan 


25.13 




26.96 




27.81 




27.16 




20.57 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 


33.28 
29.17 
26.27 


Kansas 


24.00 


Kentucky 


16.67 


Tennessee 


14.02 




13.05 


Mississippi 


13.54 


Louisiana 


15.96 


Texas 

Oklahoma 


18.96 
21.47 




16.86 


Montana 


45.17 




43.03 


Colorado 


.35. 18 


New Mexico 


27.47 




38.88 


Utah 


33.29 




43.33 




37.76 


Washington. . . . 


35.43 




30.58 


California 


38.25 


United States 


19.97 


North Atlantic 

South Atlantic 

North Central 

South Central 

Western 


23. 45 
15.88 
25.56 
16..70 
33.52 


23.26 
14.42 
24.66 
15.91 
34.44 


16.60 
9.26 
17.36 
10.97 
25.19 


17.10 
9.37 
17.16 
11.01 
24.48 


35.29 
22. 62 
.35.23 
23.85 
48.17 


33.68 
20.13 
32.90 
21.85 
47. 24 


25.44 

13.35 

I 24. 75 

1 15.47 

' 35. 64 


26.11 
13.57 
24.40 
15.45 
35.32 







THE AGKICULTLTEAL OUTLOOK. 
Table S. — Wages of male farm labor. 



17 



Slate and division. 


Per day at 

harvest with 

board. 


Per day at 

harvest without 

board. 


Per day other 
than hai'vest ; 
with board. 


Per day other 

than harvest 

without board. 




1913 


1909 


1893 


1913 


1909 1893 


1913 


1909 


1893 


1913 


1909 


1893 


Maine 


SL71 
1.70 
1.71 
l.Gl 
1.53 

1.5,5 
1.80 
L78 
1.53 
I.JO 

1 30 


.81. 63 
1.71 
1.73 
1.60 
1.50 

1.44 
1.77 
1.71 
1.42 
1.38 

l.-^l 


SI. 20 
1.29 
1.60 
1.31 
1.07 

1.35 

1.45 
1.58 
1.19 
1.12 

1.15 
.95 
.98 
.80 
.09 

.76 
.75 
1.21 
1.29 
1.33 

1.33 
1.27 

1..56 \ 

1.33 

1.10 

1.73 I 

1.57 

1.13 

1.15 

1.11 

.93 
.71 
.62 
.79 
.93 ' 

.94 1 
.84 
1.61 
1.57 1 
1.23 j 

1.01 
1.54 
1.22 
1.56 

1.55 
L50 
1.42 [ 
1.C9 


$2.12 
2.15 
2.0<^. 
2.08 
2.00 

1.95 
2.30 
2.25 
1.94 
1.74 

LC5 
1.52 
1.73 
1.40 
1.29 

1.38 
1.40 
2.23 
2.20 
2.33 

2.37 
2.36 
2.83 
2.62 
1.95 

3.35 
2.96 

2. 68 
2.48 
1.68 

1.47 
1.20 
1.16 
1.28 
1.03 

2.00 
1.53 
2.90 
2.54 
2.27 

1.74 
2.31 
2.37 
2.75 

2.76 
2.90 
2. CO 

2.48 


S2.02 
2.12 
2.14 
2.03 
1.94 

1.85 
2.07 
2.08 
1. S2 
1.61 

1.54 
1.37 
1. .^3 
1.20 
1.06 

1.12 
1.46 
2.02 
1.97 
2.11 

2.13 

2.19 
2.59 
2.43 
1.81 


SI. 46 
1.64 
1.90 
1.71 
1.49 

L75 
1.74 
1.98 
1.49 
1.38 

1.42 

1.18 

1.20 

.95 

.81 

.90 

.98 
1.44 
1..53 
1.60 

L62 
1.56 
1.87 
1.64 
1..33 


'si.35 

1.39 

1.31 

1 1.39 

j 1.25 

1 1.25 
1.41 
1.23 
1.17 

j .94 

.91 
.86 
L04 
.83 
.73 

.82 
.98 

1..33 
1 1.25 

1..39 

1.41 
j 1.46 
1 l.t,7 
! 1.70 

1.08 

1.85 
1.69 
1.57 
L.35 

.87 

.81 
.83 
.85 
.85 
L08 

LIO 
.92 
1.76 
1.59 
1.36 

L13 

1.46 
1.75 
1.65 

1.72 
1. 67 

1.48 
1.44 


$L28 
1.31 
1.21 
1.04 
1.12 

1.14 
1.20 
1.09 
1.04 
.95 

.90 
.74 
.89 
.70 
.60 

.71 
.86 
1.18 
1.13 
1.33 

1.26 
1.35 
1.53 
1.53 
1.00 

1.66 
1.69 

1.58 
1.44 
.82 

.74 
.I'S 
.75 
.79 
.93 

1.12 
.83 
1.68 
1. .'•:4 
1.44 

1.06 
1.35 
1.61 
1.42 

1.70 
1. 66 
1.42 
1.43 


$1.00 
1.02 
1.05 
1.08 
.91 

.99 
.99 
.98 
.81 
.71 

. 64 
.49 
.62 
.46 j 
.44 ! 

.49 
.71 
.85 
.M 
.91 

.93 

.96 I 
1.02 ' 
1.00 

.68 

1.13 
1.11 
.93 

.85 
.59 

.51 
.51 
..';2 
.62 
.72 

.71 
. .',6 
1.29 
1.18 
1.00 

.85 
L02 ; 
1.06 1 
1.14 

1.14 
1.08 
.96 
L05 


SI. 74 
1.79 
1.65 

1.87 
L72 

1.75 
1.82 
1. 67 
1.58 
1.19 

1. 22 
l!ll 
1.36 
1.06 
.91 

1.04 
1.30 
1.71 
1. 59 
1.73 

L82 
1.93 
2.14 
2.13 
1.39 

2.,-0 
2.22 
2.06 
1.75 
1.13 

1.03 
1.0-1 
1.08 
1.10 
1.34 

1.47 
1.18 
2.52 
2.22 
1.95 

L53 
2.00 
2.15 
2.38 

2.32 
2.20 
1.98 
2.01 


$1. .59 
1.70 
1.54 

1.69 
1.60 

L54 
L.59 
1.47 
1.41 
1.14 

1.17 
.96 

L18 
.89 
.71 

.91 
1.21 
1.47 
1.38 
1.56 

1. 62 
1.70 
1.88 
1.82 
1.27 

2.14 
2.19 
1.94 
1.73 
LOO 

.92 
.87 
.96 
1.00 
1.16 

1.37 
1.05 
2.31 
2.04 
1.87 

1.39 
L74 
2.07 

2.22 
2.25 
1.79 
1.94 


.?1. 25 
1 31 


Vermont 


1.26 




1.41 




1.28 


Connecticut 


1.34 
1.27 


New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 


1.30 

1.09 

.92 

.89 


Virginia 


L25 1 1.12 
1.31 1 1.21 
1.13 1.01 
1 03 1 -94 


.68 




.82 


North Carolina 

South Carolina 


.58 
.52 


Georgia 


1.10 
L12 
1.81 
1.80 
1.93 

1.94 
1.90 
2.43 
2.25 

1.57 

2.70 
2.37 
2.19 
2.14 
1.30 

1.18 
1.00 
.93 
1.00 
1.30 

1.60 
1.24 

2.21 
1.94 

1.75 

1.37 

l.SS 
1.9G 
2.05 

2.31 
2.41 
2.09 
1.97 


.90 
1.00 
1.67 
1. 66 
1.84 

1.75 
1.79 
2.23 
2.08 
1.50 

2.58 
2.38 
2.22 
2.17 
1.31 

Lll 
.89 
.89 
.92 

1.20 

1.61 
1.11 
2.23 
1.99 
1.80 

1.28 
1.73 
2.00 
2.04 

2.17 
2.34 
2.06 
2.01 


.60 


Florida 


.87 




1.07 




1.01 




1.14 




1.19 




1.24 




1.26 


Io\va... 


1.29 
.89 




3.17 


2.11 


1.46 


South Dakota 

Nebraska. 


2.82 
2. .59 
2.43 
1. 50 

L34 
1.12 
1.13 
1. 16 
L44 

1.81 
L37 
2 58 


1.92 
1.46 
1.44 
1.34 

1.08 
.86 
.75 
.95 

1.11 

1.18 
1.04 
2 04 


1.42 
1.20 




1.10 


Kentucky 


.76 


Tennessee 

Alabama 


.64 

.62 


Mississippi •. 

Louisiana 

Texas 


.64 
.80 
.90 


Oklahoma 


93 




.73 




1 76 


Wyoming 

Colorado 


2. 33 
2 26 


1.93 

1 l,Q 


1.56 
1.39 


New Mexico 


1.62 L33 
2.13 ; L91 

2.38 ! L48 
2.40 i 2.11 

2.72 \ 1.75 
2. 58 1. 87 
2. 29 1. 79 
2. 31 2. 08 

1 


1.11 


Arizona 

Utah 


1.37 
1.28 


Nevada 


1. 60 


Idaho 

Washington 


1..J4 

1.51 


Oregon . 


1.29 




L47 






United States 


1.57 


1.43 


1.07 


1.94 


1.71 1.30 


1.16 


1.03 


.72 : 


LSO 


1.29 


.92 


North Atlantic 

South Atlantic 


1.07 
1.16 
2.00 
1.21 
2.02 


1. 62 
1.03 
1.87 
1.10 
2.02 


1.36 ! 
.83 i 

1.2S 1 
.84 
1.48 


2.12 
1.45 
2.42 
1. 51 
2. 53 


1.98 
1.25 
2.21 
1.34 
2.51 


1.68 
l.GO 
1. 55 
1.01 

l.SG 


1.30 
.85 

1.42 
.93 

1.52 


1.16 

.73 

1.32 

.82 
1.48 


.95 ; 
.50 ; 

.89 S 
.57 
L02 

1 


1.71 
1.C9 
L83 
1.18 

2.07 


1.53 
.93 
1.G2 
1.02 
1.97 


1.24 
.64 
1.13 


South Central 


.72 


V/estern 


1.39 



18 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 584. 



Table 9. — Percentages of increase (or decrease ichere indicated) in wages of male farm labor 

in periods indicated. 



Slate and division. 


Month, with 
board. 


Month, with- 
out board. 


Day, har- 
vest, with 
board. 


Day, har- 
vest, 

without 
boai-d. 


Day, not 

harvest, 

vvith 

board. 


Day, not 
harvest, 
without 
board. 




1909 

to 

191.S 


1899 

to 

1913 


1893 

to 

1913 


1909 
to 
1913 


1899 

to 

1913 


1893 

to 

1913 


1909 

to 

1913 


1893 

to 

1913 


1909 

to 

1913 


1893 

to 

1913 


1909 

to 

1913 


1893 
to 
1913 


1909 

to 

1913 


1893 

to 

1913 


Maine 


12 
1 

14 
2 

13 
3 
3 

5 


,s 

4 

13 
12 

8 

6 
4 
3 

2 

2 

2 
9 
o 

14 
1 1 
12 
15 
2 

G 
9 

14 

4 

14 
4 

12 


18 

13 
11 
iC 
12 

19 

16 

16 

3 


42 
34 

40 
39 
36 

30 
46 
40 
44 
44 

50 

54 
56 
86 
83 

78 
58 
49 
44 
42 

47 
46 
45 
59 

48 

42 
47 
43 
38 
42 

53 

67 
47 
36 
48 

38 
61 
16 
17 
25 

34 
24 
50 
25 

28 
32 
35 
37 


40 
30 
44 
38 
31 

31 
35 
44 
45 
41 

47 
64 
65 
84 
69 

59 
53 
47 
42 
40 

42 
51 
54 

58 

48 

39 

4S 
50 
48 
45 

56 
58 
39 
22 
41 

35 
47 
16 
14 
24 

32 
34 
56 
30 

32 
38 
41 
33 


14 
2 
1 
1 

19 

6 
8 
11 
9 


11 
U 
9 
14 
14 

10 


12 
8 
6 

6 
8 
5 
11 
6 

18 
6 
1 

1.3 

10 
9 

11 
6 
9 

1 
8 
1 

12 
13 

5 



19 

3 

13 


1 

7 


36 
37 
35 
34 

29 

30 
46 
40 
41 
40 

48 
59 
54 

80 

78 

78 
53 
45 
38 
37 

45 
44 
39 
48 
44 

29 
41 
40 
34 
44 

57 
62 
49 
39 
53 

35 

62 
26 
16 
29 

43 
27 
48 
25 

27 
32 
42 
38 


36 
34 
45 

35 
29 

22 
36 
43 
40 
33 

45 
63 

60 
78 
63 

61 
46 
46 
38 
34 

39 
48 
47 
48 
43 

28 
47 
46 
40 
44 

59 
56 
45 
30 
45 

36 
45 
20 
14 
26 

31 
25 
53 
30 

32 
37 
46 
32 


5 
11 
11 

1 
2 

8 
2 
4 
8 
1 

11 
12 
8 
12 
10 

22 
6 

8 
8 
5 

11 
6 
9 

8 
5 

5 


11 

11 

4 

6 
12 

4 
9 

8 

11 
12 
11 
12 
13 

7 

9 

1 2 



6 

3 

2 

12 


42 
32 
7 
23 
43 

15 
24 
13 
29 
25 

13 
32 
34 
41 
49 

45 
49 
50 
40 
45 

46 
50 
56 
(i9 
43 

56 
51 
94 

86 
22 

27 
41 
50 
27 
40 

70 
48 
37 
24 
42 

36 

22 
61 
31 

49 
61 
47 
17 


5 

1 

14 

2 

3 

5 
11 

8 
7 
8 

7 
11 
13 
17 
22 

23 
14 
10 
12 
10 

11 

8 
9 
8 
8 

6 
5 

4 
2 

8 

10 
12 
3 
10 
13 

10 
12 

12 
9 


7 
8 

15 

2 

12 
14 

7 

13.5 


45 
31 
8 
22 
34 

11 
32 
14 
30 
26 

16 
29 

44 
47 
59 

53 
43 
55 

44 
46 

46 
51 
51 
60 

47 

59 

54 
84 
72 
25 

36 
46 
55 
35 

47 

70 

47 
42 
32 
34 

31 
21 
60 
30 

58 
55 
45 
19 


6 
6 
8 
34 
12 

10 
12 
13 
12 
11 

1 
16 

17 
19 
22 

16 
14 
13 
11 
4 

12 

I 

'I 

11 

1? 

16 

■ 6 

10 
22 
13 

8 
16 

12 

11 

5 

3 

16 

7 
8 
9 
16 

1 
1 
4 

1 


35 
36 
25 
29 
37 

26 
42 
26 
44 
32 

42 
76 

68 
80 
66 

67 
38 
56 
54 
53 

52 
52 
64 
70 
59 

64 
52 
69 
59 
48 

59 
63 
64 
37 
50 

55 
64 
36 
35 
36 

33 
43 

65 
45 

51 
55 
54 
37 


9 
5 

7 
11 
8 

14 
14 
14 
12 
4 

4 

16 
15 

19 

28 

14 
7 
16 
15 
11 

12 
14 
14 
17 
9 

17 
1 
6 
1 

13 

12 
20 
12 
10 
16 

12 
9 
9 
4 

10 
15 
4 

4 
12 
11 

4 

16.3 


39 


New Hami)shire.. . 


37 




31 




33 


Rhode Island 


34 




31 


New York 


43 


New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


28 
45 
29 


Marvland 


37 


Virginia . . 


fi3 




66 




83 


South Carolina 




Georjria 


73 


Florida 


49 


Ohio 


60 


Indiana 


57 


Illinois 


52 


Michisian 


53 


Wisconsin 


56 


Minnesota 


70 


Iowa 


65 


Missouri 


56 


North Dakota 


71 




56 


Nebraska 


72 


Kansas 


59 


Kentucky 


49 


Tennessee 


61 


Alabama 


68 


Mississippi 


69 


Louisiana 


38 


Texas 


49 


Oklahoma 


58 


Arkansas 


62 


Montana 


43 


AVyoming 


42 


Colorado 


40 


New Mexico 


38 


Arizona 


46 


Utah... . 


68 


Nevada 


49 


Idaho 


51 


Washington 


46 


Oregon 


54 


California 


37 






United States 


6.8 


53.8 


54.4 


10.5 


51.8 


51.8 


9.8 


46.7 


49.2 


12.6 


61.1 


63.0 


North Atlantic 

South Atlantic 


0.8 
10.1 
3.6 
5.0 

12.7 


41.3 

71.5 
47.2 
.52.2 
33.1 


37.1 
69.5 
49.0 
51.7 
36.9 


4.8 
12.4 
7.1 
9.2 
2.0 


3S.7 
69.4 
42.3 
54.2 
35.2 


.35.2 

66. 7 
44.4 
54.4 
36.4 


3.1 
12.6 

7.0 

10.0 




22.8 
39.8 
56.2 
44 
36.5 


7.1 
16.0 

9.5 
12.7 

0.8 


26.2 
45.0 
56.1 
49.5 
36.0 


12.0 

16.4 
7.6 

13.4 
2.7 


.36.8 
70.0 
59.6 
63.2 
49.0 


11.8 
17.2 
13.0 
15.7 
5.1 


37.9 

70.3 


North Central 


61.9 


Western 


03. 9 
48.9 







1 Decrease, per cent. 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



19 



Table 10. — A verage length of time required of hired labor. 
[Estimates based upon reports of crop correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics ( A.uricultural Forecasts).} 



St;vie and division. 



Maine 

New Hampsliire . . . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

I'ennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Norvh Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kan.sas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

Ne'w Mexico 

jVrizona 

Vtah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Wasiiington 

Oregon 

California 

United States.... 

Divisions: 

N. Atlantic 

S. Atlantic 

N. Cent. Eastern. 
N. Cent. V/estern 

S. Central 

Far West 



Spring. 



Fall. 



Winter. 



Average, 
four 

seasons. 



Relative rank of States. 



20 



FARMERS BULLETIN 584. 



Table 11. — Prices of agricultural products, Mar. 1, 1914 and 1913. 

[Prices of wheat, corn, oats, and barley are given on pages 12 to 15. Butter, chickens, cotton, rents per 
pound; eggs, cents per dozen; hay, dollars per ton; others, cents per bushel.] 



State. 


Eye. 


Buck- 
wheat. 


Pota- 
toes. 


Hay. 


Fla.x. 


Cotton. 


Butter. 


Eg 


gs. 


Chick- 
ens. 




1 
19141913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 

CIS. 
26 
26 

25 
31 
32 

29 
25 
29 
23 
20 

21 
18 
2( 
17 
20 

19 
24 
20 
18 
19 

22 
20 
19 
17 
17 

22 
18 
17 
16 
16 

16 
17 
18 
19 
17 

17 
17 
33 
31 

23 

26 
32 
23 
37 

28 
25 
23 
20 


1914 


1913 


Me 


Cts 


\Cts 

1 100 


Cts. 
63 


Cts. 
80 
71 
94 

70 


Cts. 
52 

76 
89 
90 

84 
78 
88 
81 
100 

70 
82 
98 
85 
130 

117 
116 

S3 

84 
87 

53 
55 
55 
93 
97 

61 

69 
84 
98 
104 

109 
124 
115 
115 

111 

113 
110 
69 
75 

60 

115 
152 
66 

72 

52 
60 
SO 
90 


Cts. 
45 
72 
68 
71 
74 

84 
63 
71 
62 

78 

58 
75 
68 
SO 
145 

100 
122 
58 
54 
62 

38 
32 

28 
50 
71 

30 
43 
52 
76 
67 

82 
110 
113 
104 
123 

99 
107 
45 
62 
43 

86 
105 
43 
53 

2? 
31 
35 
54 


DoJs.Dols. 
13.30 14.30 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


CIS. 


Cts. 
32 

33 
33 
36 
35 

34 

32 
34 
32 
34 

29 
27 

28 
24 
25 

25 
34 

24 
26 

29 
27 
25 

25 
24 
22 
23 

21 

22 

28 
22 

22 
25 
35 
33 

29 

34 
38 
30 
35 

30 
33 
33 
29 


Cts. 
31 
34 
34 

3b 
35 

36 
33 
37 
33 

28 

28 
25 
26 
24 

26 
32 
28 
25 

28 
32 
30 
2S 
23 

25 
25 
23 
24 
21 

20 
22 
23 

28 
23 

22 
24 
35 
31 
30 

33 
41 
29 
40 

32 
34 
32 
35 


Cts. 
31 
32 
31 
35 
3S 

36 
32 
33 

2s 
2S 

25 
24 

26 
21 

22 
2.5 
25 
23 
25 

2S 
26 
25 
22 
23 

26 
22 
22 
21 
22 

20 
20 
19 
21 
18 

20 
20 
33 
30 
25 

32 
27 
32 

27 
26 
25 
25 


Cts. 
15.5 
15. S 
13.9 
16.5 
17.0 

17.6 
15.1 
17.3 
14.0 
14.5 

15.3 
14.5 
1.3.1 
11.9 
12.6 

12.9 
15.7 
13.2 
11.9 
11.5 

12.5 
11.4 
10.4 
10.7 
11.5 

10.6 
9.0 
9.9 
10.6 
11.6 

11.8 
12.4 
12.3 
14.7 
9.7 

10.4 
11.0 
12.6 
12.0 
13.0 

13.0 
19.5 
12.3 
22.5 

10.1 
14.5 
13.5 
14.9 


Clsl 
14.2 
14 


N.H 


93 

73 


17.00ll6.00 
13. sol 12. 70 










Vt 




87 
85 










13 4 


Mass 


96| So 


19.20 
20.00 

20.90 
15.40 
18.20 
14.10 
15. 60 

15.10 
15.50 
16.40 
17. 70 
18. 30 

18.70 
18. 30 
12. 30 
13.00 
14.00 

12.30 
10.00 
6.80 
9.50 
14.40 

6.00 
6.40 
8.40 
12.40 
16.90 

17. 80 
15.90 
13.50 
13.60 
11.80 

11.60 
14.90 
9.70 
11.00 
11.50 

14.50 
15. 50 
10.00 
10.70 

8.20 
11.00 

9.20 
11.50 


20.70 
22. 70 

21.60 
13. 60 

15. 90 
14.80 
14.50 

12.80 
14.50 
14.20 

16. 30 
IS. 90 

17.10 
17.30 
11.40 
10. SO 
12.30 

11.00 
11.00 
5.90 
8.70 
9.90 

5.30 
6. 30 
8.00 
7.80 
13.80 

15.10 
14.20 
13.70 
12.70 
11.50 

7.70 
12. 90 
8.40 
7.10 
8.30 

9.40 
11.00 
8.30 
9.50 

7.40 
10.60 

8.30 
14.80 










15 5 


R.I 










16.3 

14 8 


Conn 


95 

7i 

73 

70 

71 
81 
86 
97 
180 

115 


87 
73 
69 

74 

72 
82 
82 
101 
125 

140 


97 
80 
SO 
70 
75 

75 

84 
SO 
80 


76 
67 
73 
63 
75 

65 
81 
/3 

86 










N. Y 










14 4 


N.J 










15 9 


Pa 










13 


Del 










13.0 


Md 










14 


Va 






13.2 


12.0 


1'' 6 


W. Va 






12.2 


N.C 

s.c 






12.5 
12.7 

1' 6 


12.0 
12.0 

11 R 


10.4 
11 1 


Ga 






12 6 


Fla 






17 oll'^ .'i 


14 4 


Ohio 


67 
62 
61 

61 
54 

48 
62 
70 

45 
55 
56 
69 
100 

97 
140 


66 
64 

70 

59 
50 
50 
64 

81 

47 
54 
53 
69 

87 

91 
148 


87 
80 

6S 
74 
61 

S5 


73 

ioo 

62 

64 
60 
75 
92 










11 7 


Ind 










11 


Ill 










11 


Mich 

Wis 


""i49 
136 
120 

1.35 
131 

■■■i2i 


"130 
118 
110 
125 

125 
110 
121 
122 






11.3 
11 


Minn 




9 6 


Iowa 




10.0 


Mo 


11.6 


9.0 


10.4 
9 1 


N. Dak 


S. Dak 










8 9 


Nebr 




82 






9.4 


Ivans 






9 2 


Ky 












10 'i 


Tenn 

Ala 


75 


70 






12.3 
12.5 
12.0 
11.6 
11.1 

11.0 
11.0 


11.5 
12.0 

n.l 

11.6 

11.4 
12.1 


10.3 
11 7 


Miss 










11 5 


La 














12 5 


Tex 




102 

85 
91 
67 
63 
52 










9 '\ 


Okia 


80 
84 
70 
55 
55 










9 1 


Ark 










9 5 


Mont 






127 


115 


13.4 


Wvo 










P 5 


Colo 














13 1 


N. Mex 














13 9 


Ariz 


















'» 


Utah 


06 
















19 7 


Nev 
















19.5 


Idaho 




75 
58 
70 














11 n 


Wash 


50 
90 
95 














1'> 5 


Ores; 














12.2 


Cal 












12.0 


13 6 












U.S 

1 


61.9 


03. 2 


75.1 


j7. 


70.7 


52.0 


12.37 


11.34 


132.5 


119.0 


12.6 


11.8 


26.0 


27.5 


24. 2 


19.4 


12.1 


n.i 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 21 

Table 12. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Hogs per 100 lbs. 

Beef cattle per 100 lbs. , 

Veal calves per 100 lbs . 

Sheep per 100 lbs. 

Lambs per 100 lbs. 

Milch cows per head . 

Horses per head . 

Wool, unwashed per lb. 

Honey, comb per lb. 

Apples per bush. 

Peanuts per lb . 

Beans, dry per bush. 

Soy beans per bush . 

Sweet potatoes per bush. 

Turnips per bush. 

Cabbages per 100 lbs. 

Onions per bush. 

Clover seed per bush. 

Timothy seed per bush. 

Alfalfa seed per bush . 

Broom corn per ton. , 

Pop corn per bush. 

Cotton seed per ton. 

Prices paid by farmers: 

Bran per ton. . 

Clover seed per bush. 

Timothy seed, .per bush. . 

Alfalfa seed per bush. . 



February 15 — 



1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 



26.91 
9.59 
2.92 
8.19 



25.32 
11.62 
2.47 
9.60 



79 

61 

07 

01 

15 

40 

00 
.163 
.140 
.988 
.047 
.38 



.935 



16, 



28.62 



S7.04 
4.57 
6.38 
4.34 
5.44 
44.48 
144.00 
.173 
.133 
1.19 
.050 
2.23 



.816 



1.48 
1.04 
8.37 
4.51 



80.00 

25.' ei 

25.27 



197. 00 



27.00 



January 15- 



1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 



26. 53 
9.50 

2.87 
8.41 



5.40 
7.06 
4.35 
6.03 
49. 51 
140. 00 
.186 
.139 
.743 
.046 
2.26 



.837 
.496 
1.26 
.816 
9.41 
1.79 
7.66 

49.00 
1.47 

21.98 

25.24 
11.39 
2.51 
8.25 



$5.74 
4.46 
6.06 
3.89 
5.22 
42.89 
134.00 
.162 
.138 
.927 
.043 
2.38 



.869 



1.89 

1.17 

10.89 

6.99 



100.00 
'i6.'57' 
27.39 



S7. 76 
4.71 
6.41 
5.63 
5.82 
41.18 
140.00 
.245 
.135 
1.06 
.049 
2.23 



.748 



L87 

.944 

8.26 



00 
35' 
24.92 



190.00 



26.20 



Table 13. — Aggregate value per acre of crop production. 

[The tabulation below gives the average value per acre of 12 leading crops (corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, 
buckwheat, potatoes, hay, flaxseed, cotton, rice, and tobacco) which represent more than 90 per cent of 
the total area of all crops, and which closely approximate the value per acre of all cro])S. For compari- 
son the value of all crops wliich had acreage reports in the census 01 1909 are also given.] 





Value per acre of 12 crops combined. 


Census, 
all crops. 


State and division. 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


with 
acreage 
reports, 

1909. 


Maine 


23.72 
20.44 
20.78 
32.34 
32.25 

37.63 
19.33 
29.02 
21.34 

18.47 

18. 85 
23.69 
21.67 
24.84 
25.18 

20.80 
17.,S5 
19.29 
17.28 
14.87 

16.83 
19.41 
14.26 
17.01 
12.29 


23.43 
21.51 
22.61 
34. 38 
30.62 

43.01 
20.04 
28. 70 
22.41 
19.00 

19.55 
19. 58 
21.57 
22.35 
21.35 

16.42 
14.41 
17.75 
14.97 
15.37 

16.42 
17.63 
11.80 
14.30 
13.98 


26.24 
21.77 
20.47 
31.59 
32.81 

40. 69 
20.80 
26.67 
21.11 

19.82 

18.97 
18.31 
16.79 
20.82 
22.55 

19.52 

15. 70 
19.45 
16.69 
15.99 

19.89 
20.64 
13.16 
14.13 
13.24 


23.35 
21.41 
18.39 
29.94 
29.04 

37.77 
19.51 
26.59 
20.60 
18.17 

19.52 
19.18 
18.51 
21.46 
24.59 

19.47 
15.58 
16.89 
14.88 
14.30 

16.39 
15.10 
12.96 
12.22 
13.84 


20.91 
19.53 
17.61 
30.89 
29.01 

35.16 
18.39 
26.31 
18.16 
17.00 

18.66 
17.63 
16.71 

18.62 
22.48 

19.32 
15.06 
19.07 
17.29 
17.56 

16.85 
16,54 
13.72 
14.40 
14.16 


19 80 


New Hampshire . 


19 29 


Vermont 


18 17 


Massachusetts 


41.33 


Rhode Island 


40.50 


Connecticut 


35 84 


New York 


20 80 


New Jersey 


33 19 


Pennsylvania 


18 90 


Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 


19.36 

20.54 
20.31 
17. 67 
22 28 


South Carolina 

Georgia 


26.45 
22 20 


Florida 


21 54 


Ohio 


18 83 


Indiana 


17 07 


Illinois 


17 88 


Michigan 


17 32 


Wisconsin 


15 77 


Minnesota 


12 61 


Iowa 


14 94 


Missouri 


14. 25 



22 FARMEES' BULLETIN 584. 

Table 13. — Aggregate value per acre of crop j.roduction — Continued. 





Vr 


.lue per acre of 12 crops combined. 


Census, 
all crops. 


State and division. 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1909 


with 
acreage 
reports, 

1909. 


North Dakota 


8.15 
9.48 

10. 85 
7.00 

1.912 

18.01 
20. 00 
19.62 
19.05 
18.52 

10.06 
18.66 
16.07 
15.37 

18.88 

22.26 
38.85 
21.66 
32.30 

19.93 
20.00 

18.67 
20.25 


11.49 
10.21 
9.80 
10.60 
20.14 

17.36 
17.45 
17.01 
17.76 
19.50 

11.34 
17.93 
16. 24 
17.74 
17.41 

19.45 
38. 52 
23.14 
29. 93 

19.04 

18.78 
18.66 
21.84 


9.13 

6.29 
10.59 

8.94 
18.81 

17.40 
17.32 
15.39 
15.80 
13.97 

7.93 
16.68 
20.41 
21.11 
17.02 

28.78 
39.62 
22. 37 
34.93 

23.47 
21.42 
19.24 
21.86 


4.55 
10.12 
9.95 
9.95 
20.25 

17.61 
18.56 
20.48 
16.08 

17. 87 

14.02 
19.40 
18.78 
2.5.88 
19.96 

22. 81 
29.67 
24. .58 
37.12 

21.86 
19.65 
21.88 
18.82 


12.36 
12.05 
12.36 
11.25 
20.68 

15.81 
15.89 
17. .59 

15. 60 
15.50 

11.80 
16.61 
20.45 

16. 52 
20.50 

19.05 
29.77 
23.25 
26.30 

22.15 
21.11 
18.59 
19.51 


11.35 


South Dakota 


10.17 


Nebraska. . 


11.19 




10. 6< 


Kentucky 


20. > J 


Tennessee 


17.(5 


Alabama 


18.^7 


Mississippi 


22. 59 


Louisiana 


20.36 


Texas 


15.62 


Oklahoma 


10.95 


Arkansas. 


20.34 


Montana 


15.4) 


Wyoming 


12.4 5 


Colorado 


17.52 


New Mexico . 


12.76 




25.97 


Nevada. ... 


23.15 
14.73 


Idaho 


19. .• •> 




20.fJ 


Oregon 


18. .M 




20.39 






United States 


16.31 


15.96 


15.51 


15.52 


16.02 


16. 30 






Divisions: 

North Atlantic 


21.80 
22.54 
17.07 
11.52 
17. 45 
19. 59 


22.75 
19.31 
16.22 
11.91 
17.31 
19.55 


22.39 
19. 80 
17.95 
11.08 
14. .55 
21.43 


21.24 
20.47 
15.30 
10.67 
17.79 
20.63 


19.61 
19.10 
17.57 
12.96 
15.75 
20.39 


21.55 


South Atlantic 


22.23 


North Central, East 


17. .5"^. 
12.2 I 


South Central 


17. Oi 


Far West. 


18.73 







FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table 14 shows the crop situation in Florida and California on 

March 1, 1914, with comparisons, based upon reports received from 

agents and correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics (Agriculture 1 

Forecasts) : 

Table 14. 



Item. 



Orange trees (condition) 

Lemon trees (condition) 

Lime trees (condition) 

Grapefruit trees (condition) 

Pineapple plants (condition) 

Tomatoes (condition) 

Cabbages (condition) 

Ceiery (condition) 

Cauliflower (condition) 

White potatoes i (condition) 

Spring pasture (condition) 

Spring plowing (per cent done) . 
Spring planting (per cent done). 
Meadows (condition) 



Florida. 



1914 1913 1912 



94 



92 



100 
98 
82 
72 
71 



California. 



1914 1913 1912 



85 



1 The acreage planted to white potatoes is about 10 per cent larger than last year's acreage. 

o 

WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PEINTT.NG OFFICE : 1914 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates) Leon M. 
Estabrook, Chief. 

April 23. !914. 

THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTwS. 

Page. 

Losses of live stock 1 

Losses of hogs 1 

How to use anti-hog-cholera serum 3 

Losses of cattle, sheep, and horses 7 

^lonthly variation in numbers of farm animals 8 

Winter wheat forecast 10 

Florida and California crop report 10 

Louisiana sugar crop of 1913 11 

Trend of prices of farm prod nets 12 



LOSSES OF LIVE STOCK. 

The Bureau of Statistics of the Department of Agriculture li-.is re- 
ceived estijiiates from its correspondents and agents concerning losses 
of live stock from diseases and from exposure during the past year, 
and their relative condition on April 1, from which the following 
summary is made: 

LOSSES OF HOGS. 

The losses of swine from disease are estimated at 119 to every 1,000 
hogs in the country, which exceeds last year's heavy loss of 110 per 
1,000, and the average yearly loss in the preceding 10 years of 54.9 
per 1,000. Probably more than 90 per cent of the loss was from 
cholera. The percentage of loss applied to the estimated number of 

TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF MAY CROP REPORT. 

A summary of the May crop report of the Bureau of Statistics will be issued on Thurs- 
day, May 7, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time). The report will give an estimate of the 
acreage of winter wheat remaining on May 1 to be harvested; the condition on May 1 
of winter wheat, rye, meadow mowing lands, and pastures; farm supplies of hay on 
May 1; the per cent done on May 1 of the total spring plowing contemplated, and the 
per cent of spring planting done on May 1, 1914, with comparisons. 
39357°— 14 1 



2 FARMEES' BULLETIISr 590. 

hogs on January 1 indicates a total loss of 7,005,000 head, which, at 
$10.40, the value per head on January 1, indicates a loss of S73,000,000. 
The aA^erage weight of a hog on the farm is about loO pounds, there- 
fore more than one billion pounds of hog meat were destroyed by dis- 
ease, mostly cholera. A billion pounds live weight produce nearly 
800,000,000 pomids of dressed meat and lard. This amount would 
be sufTicient to furnish every family of the United States (average, 
4^ persons) about 40 pounds. If there had been no such loss, prob- 
ably increasing scarcity of meat would have been largely prevented. 

THIRD EPIDEMIC OF HOG CHOLERA. 

The country is passing through the third serious epidemic of hog 
cholera of the past 30 years. The first period reached its climax in 
1886 to 1887, when the loss amounted to about 134 per 1,000 head in 
one year. The second outbreak developed in 1894, and reached its 
climax in 1896 to 1897, when losses amounted to 144 per 1,000 head. 
The present extensive epidemic of hog cholera began to be serious m 
1911; during the 10 prior years the loss of swine ranged from 45 to 
58 per 1,000 per ye^ir; in 1911 it jumped to 89, then to 110 in 1912, 
and to 119 last year. It has thoroughly ravaged the heart of the hog- 
producing belt during the year just past. In the State of Iowa alone, 
losses amounted to nearly 1,800,000 swine, over a fourth of the entire 
number in the State. In many counties over half were lost, and in 
some townships over nine- tenths. 

LOSSES OF SWINE USUALLY HEAVIEST IN SOUTHERN STATES. 

The losses of swine from disease are usually heaviest in southern 
States and lightest in northern States. Estimates of losses have been 
kept for 30 years. The States showing the heaviest average yearly 
loss in these 30 years are, in their order, Ai-kansas, ,119 per 1,000; 
Louisiana, 110; Florida, 109; the States sliowmg the lightest losses 
are, Mame 19, Wyoming 19, New Hampshire 22. In Georgia the 
average is 94, in Alabama and Mississippi each 92; in Texas 66; 
whereas in New York the average is 26, in Michigan 34, in Minnesota 
46, m North Dakota 31, and in Washington and Oregon 26. 

HOG CHOLERA LOSSES HEAVIEST IN NORTHERN STATES IN 1913. 

The epidemic has abated somewhat in the past year, as compared 
with the preceding year, in most southern States, but has increased 
greatly in the northern States. Thus, in Florida the loss has de- 
creased from 170 per 1,000 in 1912 to 150 in 1913; in Georgia from 165 
to 90; in Alabama from 110 to 100; in Mississippi from 154 to 104; in 
Kentucky from 95 to 90; in Missouri from 175 to 90; whereas in Iowa 
the loss has increased from 160 per thousand in 1912 to 255 per 
thousand in 1913, in Minnesota from 55 to 214, in Nebraska from 110 
to 175, in South' Dakota from 38 to 230, and in North Dakota from 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 6 

20 to 75. The tendency of the three epidemics mentioned appears to 
have been, in a general way, to move as a wave from south and east 
to north and west. 

CONDITION OF SWINE, APRIL, 1914. 

The condition as to healtlifulness of hogs on April 1, 1914, was given 
as 91.6 per cent of normal, which compares with 91.4 per cent given 
a year ago and 94.4, the average of the past ten years. 

The number of breeding sows in the United States on April 1 is 
estimated to be about 101 per cent of the number held a year ago, 
and about the same number as were held two years ago. 



HOW TO USE ANTI-HOG=CHOLERA SERUM. 

At a recent conference of Federal and State officials in charge of 
hog-cholera work the methods of applying the serum in practice 
were considered. There are two methods. In one the serum alone 
is used, producing immunity lasting from 30 to 90 days ; in the other 
the virus of hog cholera and the serum are injected simultaneously — 
that is, virus at one point and serum at another. This latter is 
known as the ''simultaneous method" and wall produce active or 
lasting immunity. If the serum used in this simultaneous treat- 
ment is not good, or if the mode of apphcation is faulty, disease 
may be set up in the treated herd. For this reason it was the gen- 
eral consensus of opinion at the conference that the simultaneous 
method should be used only by those who have had special train- 
ing, and it was agreed that the ideal arrangement would be to allow 
its use only by Federal and State veterinary officers. 

The serum-alone treatment, on the other hand, may be given by 
anyone without danger of causing hog cholera. If the serum is 
good the farmer may give it to his hogs without fear, provided it 
is administered in the proper way. Wliile it would no doubt be 
best to have even the serum alone always administered by a skilled 
agent, farmers may obtain good results if proper care is used. The 
farmer should remember that the serum-alone treatment is very dif- 
ferent from the simultaneous treatment. The following advice re- 
garding the use of serum is offered for farmers who can not obtain 
the services of a skilled agent: 

USE OF RELIABLE SERUM IMPORTANT. 

All serum can not be depended upon and farmers are cautioned 
against putting implicit confidence in a serum merely because it is 
labeled "Anti-Hog-Cholera." The serum must be prepared right 
in order to protect hogs. Farmers shoul'd use every efi^ort to get a 
good reliable serum from the State college or from a rehable dealer. 



4 FARMERS BULLETIN 590. 

Anti-hog-choleia serum is most effective when used as a preven- 
tive. It will also cure a large number of hogs in the early stages of 
the disease. It is of much less value, however, for hogs that are 
visibly sick. The farmer should make careful preparations before 
beginning the inoculation. Hogs that are sick should be separated 
from the well and marked so as to distinguish them. The pen or 
inclosure where the injections are made should be clean and free 
from dust. 

HOW TO ADMINISTER SERUM. 

The serum is administered by injecting it deep under the skin 
with a hypodermic syringe. Before beginning the injection of a 
herd, care must be taken to see that the syringes and needles are 
not only absolutely clean but that they have been previously boiled 
in water for 10 or 15 minutes. The purpose of the boiling is to 
kill the germs that may be on the instruments. Therefore, both 
needle and syringe should be kept clean and not allowed to become 
soiled during use, as by being laid on a dirty plank, dropped on the 
ground, or touched with dirty hands. It is a good idea to spread a 
clean towel on the plank or table where the work is being done. 
Before using, the serum should be poured into some receptacle with 
a cover (as a jelly glass mth a tin top), both the receptacle and cover 
having been sterilized by boiling in water before use. The glass 
should be allowed to cool before the serum is poured into it, and 
should be always covered except when serum is being taken from it. 

The serum is injected directly into the tissues on the inner side of 
the thigh or, better, into the loose tissues between the foreleg and the 
bod}^. The needle is inserted into the skin perpendicularly to a depth 
of from one-half to 1 inch, depending upon the size of the hog. Before 
the injection is made the sldn of the hog over the point selected for 
injection should be thoroughly cleansed by washing with soap and 
water, and the surface then scrubbed with some reliable disinfectant, 
such as compound solution of cresol (U. S. P.). Tliis disinfectant 
can be procured at drug stores, and should be diluted before use by 
adding 1 part of it to 30 parts of soft water. 

CARE AS TO THE DOSE. 

Care should be used in estimating the weight of hogs, because the 
amount of serum required depends upon the size of the hog injected. 
The usual dose is commonly given on the package in which the serum 
comes. Be careful not to underestimate. Overestimate rather than 
underestimate, and thereby be sure of giving an ample dose of serum. 
After the injections are made, the hogs should be turned into a clean 
yard, free from mudholes and excessive dust. The hogs should be 
kept in this inclosure for several dsijs at least after the injection, to 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 5 

enable the puncture wounds to heal thoroughh\ Tliey should be 
given soft, easily digested food. 

Every farmer should keep an accurate record of the injections he 
makes, so that he will know what success has attended the treatmejit. 
He should make a record of the number of hogs that died from hog 
cholera before treatment, the number sick and the number apparently 
well at the time of treatment, and he should later keep a record of the 
number of sick and well ones that died following treatment. Keep- 
ing these records may enable him to determine whether or not the 
serum he used was good, and it may also show whether or not the 
work was properly done. If any hogs develop abscesses at the point 
of injection, a note should be made of the fact, keeping account of 
the number. Abscesses indicate that the serum was not right or that 
the Avork was not properly done. 

SANITARY PRINCIPLES MUST BE OBSERVED. 

The proverb that ''An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of 
cure " is especially aj)plicable to hog cholera, and cooperation among 
faimers in combating the disease is very important. Wlieii hog 
cholera breaks out on a farm the farmei-s in the neighborhood should 
join in a strong effort to confine the disease to the one farm where it 
already exists, by instituting a strict quarantine, and also, when 
possible, by the administration of the protective serum to the droves 
on adjoining farms. It is a mistake to neglect timely sanitary 
precautions and to rely wholly on the use of serum. The serum is 
useful not so much for curing hogs sick with the disease as for pre- 
venting other hogs from taking it. 

Every farmer should make absolutely certain that no dirt or 
implement is brought from an infected hog lot into another hog lot. 
Hog cholera can be carried in dirt on shoes, on wagon wheels, or on 
the feet of dogs. It has been proved that a pen of hogs infected 
with hog cholera can be kept within 10 feet of a well herd without 
communicating the disease, provided no dirt or implement or other 
object is moved from the former to the latter pen. If, however, the 
pen with the uninfected hogs should be cleaned vdih a hoe or shovel 
that has been used in the infected pen, the weU herd would be 
almost certain to get the disease. Dogs, crows, and buzzards can 
transport particles of flesh from dead hogs and thus carry the disease. 

The following precautions are recommended for keeping the 
contagion from an uninfected drove: 

(1) Do not locate hog lots near a pubhc highway, a railroad, or a 
stream. The germ of hog cholera may be carried along any one of 
these avenues. 

(2) Do not allow strangers or neighbors to enter your hog lots, 
and do not go into your neighbors' lots. If it is absolutely necessary 



6' FARMERS BULLETIN 590. 

to pass from one hog lot into another, first clean your shoes carefully 
and then wash them with a 3 per cent solution of the compound 
solution of cresol (U. S. P.). 

(3) Do not put new stock, either hogs or cattle, in lots with a 
herd already on the farm. Newly purchased hogs should be put in 
separate inclosures well separated from the herd on the farm and 
kept under observation for three weeks, because practically all stock 
cars, unloading chutes, and pens are infected with hog cholera, and 
hogs shipped by rail -are therefore apt to contract hog cholera. 
Freight cars and other conveyances which have carried infected stock 
should be properly disinfected after unloading. 

(4) Hogs sent to fairs should be quarantined for at least three 
weeks after they return to the farm. 

(5) If hog cholera breaks out on a farm, separate the sick from the 
apparently healthy animals, and burn all carcasses of dead animals 
on the day of death. Do not leave them unburned, for this wiil 
endanger all other farmers in the neighborhood. The prevailing 
practice of rushing sick herds to market should be discouraged. 
Treatment with the serum should be tried instead. 

(6) If, after the observance- of all possible precautions, hog cholera 
appears on your farm, notify the State veterinarian or State agri- 
cultural college and secure serum for the treatment of those not 
affected. The early application of this serum is essential. The 

United States Department of Agriculture does not distribute serum direct 
to farmers. 

Some of these precautions may seem unnecessary and troublesome, 
but they do not cost much, and they are very valuable preventive 
measures. 

At this time it is impracticable to treat every hog in the United 
States with the antihog-cholera serum. In many States the authori- 
ties can not supply enough serum to treat the infected and exposed 
herds, to say nothing of making immune all herds that are not 
affected. When an outbreak is located, the most effective plan is to 
treat immediately all the well hogs in the infected herd, as well as the 
hogs in herds located immediately adjoining the seat of the outbreak, 
so as to prevent the wider spread of the disease. At the same time, 
neighboring farmers should keep away from the infected farm, and 
the owner of the diseased hogs should be careful not to go into other 
farmers' lots. When the cholera has abated, the yards in which the 
sick hogs were kept should be thorouglily cleaned and disinfected. 

Where serum is not available, the simple precautions above given 
will, in many cases, prevent the spread of the contagion. These pre- 
cautionary measures should be used even w^here serum can be ob- 
tained, because it is far better to keep hog cholera out of the drove 
than to rely on the use of the serum after the disease has appeared. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 

Hog cholera, in the epidemic of 1913, caused an estimated loss for 
the year of about $65,000,000. No other animal disease produces such 
a loss. It is estimated that in 1913 there were 107 hogs lost per 1,000 
from cholera, and indications point to a further increase in this dis- 
ease unless preventive measures are used. Such 'enormous loss of a 
valuable food animal is nothing short of a calamity. 

To combat tliis there must be honest and earnest cooperation 
between all the interests involved, including the scientists and vet- 
erinarians, farmers, common carriers, and packing interests. State 
and Federal authorities must work in absolute harmony, and all 
concerned must endeavor to suppress personal opinions on relatively 
unimportant matters and aid in the adoption of uniform methods 
throughout the entire country. 

The control and final eradication of hog cholera will depend largely 
on the education of farmers to the importance of observing sanitary 
principles. 

LOSSES OF CATTLE. 

Losses of cattle from disease during the past year are estimated to 
be 19.8 per thousand head, which compares with 20.5 similarly esti- 
mated last year and 20.5, the 10-year average of such losses. Losses 
from exposure are estimated to be 10.9 per thousand, which com- 
pares with 14.1 similarly estimated last year and 16.5, the 10-year 
average of such losses. The total losses per thousand, from both 
disease and exposure, if applied to the estimated number and value 
of cattle on January 1, would indicate a loss of about 1,737,000, at 
$39.50 per head, a total of $68,611,000. 

The condition as to healthfulness of cattle on April 1, 1914, was 
given as 96.5 per cent of normal, which compares wdth 96 similarly 
estimated a year ago and 94, the average for 10 years. 

LOSSES AND CONDITION OF SHEEP. 

Losses of sheep from disease during the past year are estimated to 
be about 21.7 per thousand, which compares with 24.6 similarly esti- 
mated a year ago and 25.2, the 10-year average of such losses. Losses 
from exposure are estimated to be 21 per thousand, which compares 
with 25.1 similarly estimated a year ago and 32.8, the 10-year average. 
The year is thus seen to have been favorable. The total losses per 
thousand from both disease and exposure, if applied to the approxi- 
mate numbers and values on January 1, would indicate a loss of 
about 2,124,000 head, at $4.04, a total of $8,581,000. 

The condition as to healthfulness of sheep on April 1, 1914, was 
given as 96.6 per cent of noniial, which compares with 96 similarly 
estimated a jcar ago and 94.8, the 10-year average. 



8 FARMERS BULLETIN 590. 

LOSSES OF MEAT ANEMALS. 

It may be obsorv(Hl from the figures given above that the losses of 
cattle and sheep, both from disease and from exposure, were less than 
normal. However, the total losses of meat annuals, cattle, hogs, and 
sh^ep combined, from disease and exposure, are enormous. On the 
basis of farm values January 1 the losses from disease of cattle, hogs, 
and sheep aggregated in value about $122,000,000, and losses from 
exposure of cattle and sheep about $28,000,000 — a total loss in meat 
animals from disease and exposure in one year of about $150,000,000 — 
an amount which would have been more than sufficient to furnish a 
normal year's supply of meat to the entire populati(ui of the New 
England States. 

LOSSES AND CONDITION OF HORSES. 

The losses of farm horses and mules from disease during the past 
year are estimated to be about 20.6 per thousand, which compares with 

22.6 similarly estunated a year ago. If the estmiated loss of 20.6 per 
thousand be applied to the numbers and values of horses and mules 
on farms January 1, it would indicate a total loss of approximately 
523,000 head, at $113 per head, or a total of $59,100,000. 

The condition as to healthfuhiess of horses and mules on April 1, 
1914, is estimated as 96.4 per cent of normal, which compares with 

96.7 similarl}^ estimated a year ago and about 96, the 10-year average. 
Detailed estimates by States of losses and condition of live stock 

are given on pages 14-17. 

MONTHLY VARIATION IN NUMBERS OF FARM ANIMALS. 

The number of animals on the farms of the country is by no means 
uniform tlii'oughout the year, but varies from month to month. The 
bulk of the animals are born in the spring months; but their sale or 
slaughter is more general in the fall and winter months. Therefore 
there is a normal seasonal variation in the total stocks on hand, just 
as there is of crops which are gathered in the fall (when supphes are 
large) and marketed through the year. The extent of this variation 
has recently been investigated in the Bureau of Statistics (Crop 
Estimates) . 

This seasonal variation in numbers is greatest among swine. The 
number of swine in the country is usually smallest in the latter part 
of February or early March. During ]\Iarch, April, May, and June 
more hogs are born than are slaughtered, and consequently the 
number steadily increases, the increase from March 1 to July 1 being 
about 45 per cent. During July and August more hogs are slaugh- 
tered than are born, and consequently there is a slight decline in 
numbers. Autumn litters cause an increase in numbers in Sep- 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, - 9 

tember and October. The maximum number of the 3'ear is reached 
about October 1, when there are about 47 per cent more hogs in the 
country than on March 1. 

In consequence of the seasonal variation in the supply of live stock 
the results of a census of live stock would be affected considerably by 
the particular time of year when the enumeration is made. The 
census of 1910 related to numbers on April 15; the census of 1900 
related to nvimbers on June 1. There are normally about 18 per cent 
more hogs in the country on June 1 than on April 15. If an enumer- 
ation wei'o taken in the autumn, the numbers as compared with 
April 1 5 would appear to be about 21 per cent more. 

The seasonal variation in the supply of sheep is almost as great as 
of swine. The low ebb of supplies is about February 1 ; spring lamb- 



3 !i^ 



^70 



!i. 



es 



















^_^ 




V 












/ 




^ 




y 




\ 










/ 


r 














\ 


\ 






A-' 




— •* 


^^■»^ 


'x^ 


S'-f^: 


•''■£ 


"-.. 


\ 


\ 


BM — 


\J 


4'\ 


/ 






'n 


^^>^ 


























^H, 


'* 


"**'*» 


— 


^^ 


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I 

Nl 

I 

diagram showing the approximate number of cattle, hogs, and sheep on farms 
of the United States on the first of each month, expressed in millions of head. 



ing, beginning in February, causes a steady increase in numbers 
during February, March, April, and May. About June 1 the number 
is at the maximum of the year; the lambing period is over, and the 
slaughter of spring lambs as well as of sheep results in a steady 
decline each month until the following February. The maximum 
number, about June 1, is nearly 41 per cent greater than the minimum 
on February 1. The numbers on June 1 arc estimated to be nearly 
20 per cent more than on April 15. 

There is less variation among cattle than among swine and sheep. 
The minimum number is about February 1 ; from then the increase 
is constant until about July 1, and then the decrease is constant until 
the following February. The maxunum number (July 1) is about 14 
per cent more than the minimum (Feb, 1). The number on June 1 
is estimated to be about 5 per cent more than on April 15, 
39357°— 14 2 



10 



FARMERS BULLETIN 590. 



WINTER- WHEAT FORECAST. 

The condition of winter wheat on April 1 — viz, 95.6 per cent of jior- 
mal — is 11.6 per cent higher than the average of the past 10 years. 
The yield per acre in the same 10 years averaged 15 bushels; an in- 
crease of 11.5 per cent to this average would be 16.7 bushels. 

The acreage planted last fall was estimated at 36^506,000 acres. 
Sixteen and seven-tenths bushels applied to this acreage gives 609,- 
650,000. But there is always some of the planted area abandoned 
before harvest; the average of such abandonment in the past 10 
years has been about 9.7 per cent of the area planted. If this aver- 
age of abandonment be deducted from the estimated planted area 
and 16.7 be applied to the remaining amount, a production of about 
551,000,000 would be indicated. 

The wheat plant wintered unusually well and it is not to be ex- 
pected that the 10-year average of abandonment has occurred this 
year. On the other hand, a crop that is in very high condition on 
April 1, as is the case this year, is more susceptible to depreciation 
later in the season than a crop having a lower condition on April 1. 

The final estimate of production of winter wheat in 1913 was 
523,561,000 bushels (the largest ever recorded), and in 1912 was 
399,919,000 bushels. 

Details by States of condition on April 1 of winter wheat and rye 
are given on page 14. 



FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROPS. 



The condition on April 1, with comparisons, of the principal crops 
^n Florida and California, on the basis of 100 representing a normal, is 
shown in Table 1 . 



Table 1. — Florida and California crop reports. 





Florida. 


California. 


Item. 


Apr. 1. 


Mar. 1, 
1914. 




Apr. 1. 


Mar. 1, 




1914 


1913 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1912 


1914. 


0rana;e trees 


102 


95 


103 
92 
95 

100 
90 
95 
95 
88 
95 
87 
90 
91 


94 

97' 

96 
90 


98 
94 






90 


Lemou trees 




85 


Lime trees 


100 
101 
80 
85 
82 
90 
87 
82 
80 
92 


100 
97 
92 
88 
79 
90 
95 
92 
87 
95 






Grapefruit trees 




j 




Pineapples 








Peaches 




1 




Pears 










Strawberries 










Pasture 


87 
88 
85 
88 




1 




Cabbages 








Tomatoes 




1 




White potatoes 




■ 1 




Celery 


196 
94 


1 92 i 1 96 
94 OS 


94 


Cauliflower 










94 



















1 Production compared with a full crop. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



11 



LOUISIANA SUGAR CROP OF 1913. 

The sugar made iii Louisiana from the crop of cane harvested in 
1913, according to an enumeration just completed by the Bureau 
of Statistics (Crop Estimates), amounted to 292,698 short tons of 
2,000 pounds each. The average yield of sugar was 139 pounds 
per ton of cane crushed, or about 3 pomids less than iii 1912. The 
total sugar made was somewhat less than double the amount in 1912, 
but about 60,000 tons less than in 1911. The low production in 1913 
was due largely to shortage in the yield of cane, which became appar- 
ent towards the middle or end of the harvest season. About the 
middle of November, 1913, indications pointed to a total of over 
5,000,000 tons of cane being ground for sugar. This amount proved 
to be too higli, the actual amount crushed for sugar being about 
4,214,000 tons. The average yield of cane per acre m 1913 was about 17 
tons. The average in 1911 was 19 tons, and in 1912, owing to floods, 
the average reached the abnormally low figure of 11 tons per acre. 

The length of the 1913 campaign was, on an average, 45 workmg 
days, or 50 per cent longer than in 1912. A few factories, however, 
extended their operations considerably longer; a number of them 
worked for m.ore than 60 daj's each. 

The number of factories which made sugar in 1913 was 153. At 
the beginning of the campaign 10 more were reported to l)e engaged 
in sugar making, but of this number several made sirup only, and 
others were not m operation. 

Details concerning the production of sugar and the quantity of 
cane used are given in Table 2, which shows results for pruicipal 
parishes. 

Table 2. — Cane-sugar production of Louisiana, 1911, 1912, and 1913. 



Factories in 
operation. 



1911 1912 1913 



Sugar made. 



Quantity. 



1911 1912 1913 



Average per 

short ton of 

eane. 



1911 1912 1913 



Cane used for sugar. 



Ascension 

Assumption 

Iberia 

Iberville 

Lafourche 

St. James 

St. John 

St. Martin 

St. Mary 

Terrebonne 

West Baton Rouge.. 
Lafayette and Ver- 
milion 

Otheri 

Total, Louisi- 
ana 



No. 

23 

13 
18 
16 
20 
S 
4 
26 
14 
10 

5 

24 



No. 

7 
16 

9 
11 

9 
10 

5 

3 
15 
14 
10 

6 
11 



No. 
4 
17 
10 
14 
13 
17 
8 
3 

22 
13 
10 



Short 
tons. 
14, 496 
35, 950 
29, 949 
23, 759 
42,001 
20, 760 
14, 935 
13,719 
57, 602 
27, 462 
17,235 

23,480 

31,526 



Short 
tons. 

8,342 
14,457 
10, 999 

7,942 
11, 728 

9,368 
11,289 

5,382 
25, 597 
14, 463 

9,328 

14,547 
10,131 



Short 

tons. 
10, 808 
28, 664 
15, 925 
19, 187 
35, 021 
19, 970 
13, 596 
8,114 
54, 689 
24, 631 
15,305 

23, 104 

23, 684 



Lb.i. 
124 
107 
129 
99 
119 
115 
108 
139 
133 
124 
110 

140 
119 



2,6.5. 
134 
119 
156 
112 
122 
97 
140 
173 
176 
150 
147 

177 
158 



Lbs. 
133 
124 
156 
122 
131 
122 
115 
157 
165 
140 
136 

168 
134 



Short 
tons. 
234,719 
673, 263 
464, 491 
481,545 
707, 764 
361,53 
275, 536 
197,614 
866, 744 
442,218 
314, 472 

336, 427 

530, 962 



Short 
tons. 
124, 934 
243, 864 
140, 932 
141, 581 
191,714 
192, 537 
161, 790 
62, 165 
291,387 
191,984 
127, 196 

164, 580 
127, 910 



Short 
tons. 
163,000 
462,000 
204,000 
315,000 
535, 000 
327, 000 
236, 000 
103, 000 
663,000 
352, 000 
225,000 

276,000 
353, 000 



153 352,874 153,573 

I I 



120 



5,887,292!2,162,574 



4,214,000 



1 Avoyelles, Rapides, St. Landry, East Baton Rouge, Pointe Coupee, West Feliciana, Jefferson, Orleans, 
Plaquemines, and St. Charles. 



12 



FARMERS BULLETIN 590. 



The average results per acre and per factory are shown m Table 3. 
It will be seen that the average amount of sugar made per acre of 
cane was higher in 1913 than in either of the two preceding years. 
This sugar represents mostly raw sugar, averaging roughly 96 de- 
grees polarization, of which grade 100 pounds are regarded as equiva- 
lent to about 90 pounds of refined sugar. 

The approximate average yield of refined sugar per acre of cane 
crushed would be equivalent to about 2,000 pounds in 1911 and 1913 
and 1,300 pounds in 1912. The average yield of refined beet sugar 
in the United States m 1911 and 1912 was 2,400 pounds per acre of 
beets, or about 400 pounds more sugar per acre than cane sugar in 
Louisiana in 1911 and 1913. 

The average sugar made per factory in Louisiana was larger in 
1913 than in either of the two preceding years, while the cane crushed 
for sugar averaged less per factory in 1913 than in 1911. Louisiana 
cane-sugar factories in 1911 and 1913 produced each an average of 
about 1,900 short tons of raw sugar, wliich is equivalent to about 
1,700 tons of refined. The average output per factory in the beet- 
sugar industry m the United States was 9,100 tons of refined sugar 
in 1911 and 9,500 in 1912. 

Complete official returns of the Texas sugar output have not been 
secured for 1913, but the total production is probably less than 9,000 
short tons, and possibly as low as 5,000. 

Some of the Texas sugar factories are located in the region extend- 
ing from Houston on the east to Victoria on the west, and reachmg 
southward to the Gulf; most of the other factories are in the lower 
part of the Rio Grande Valley. 



Table 3.- 



-Avcrage results per acre and per factory, and average length of campaign in the 
sugar industry of Louisiana, 1911-1913. 





Number 
of fac- 
tories. 


Average 

yield of 

cane per 

acre.i 


Average 

sugar made 

per acre of 

cane.i 


Average per factory. 


Average 
length of 
cam- 
paign. 


\ ears. 


Sugar 
made. 


Cane used 
for sugar. 


1911 


188 
126 
153 


Short tons. 
19 
11 
17 


Pounds. 
2,200 
1,500 
2,300 


Short tons. 
1,877 
1,219 
1,913 


Short tons. 
31,315 
17,103 
27,542 


Days. 


1912 


30 

45 


1913 





1 Includes only cane used for making sugar. 

TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops increased about 0.3 per cent during March; in the 
past six years the price level has increased during March 1.8 per cent; 
thus, the increase this year is less than usual. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 

On April 1 the index figure of crop jmces was about 18.1 per cent 
higher than a year ago, but 12.5 per cent lower than two years ago 
and 3.2 per cent higher than the average of the past six years on 
April 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals increased 1.3 per cent dm-ing the month from February 15 
to March 15, which compares with an increase of 5.7 per cent in the 
same period a j^ear ago, an increase of 2.7 per cent two years ago, a 
decrease of 1.7 per cent three years ago, and an increase of 10.1 per 
cent four years ago. 

It thus appears that the advance in prices in meat animals in the 
past month this jear has been less than usual; from January 15 to 
February 15, however, the advance was somewhat greater than usual. 

On March 15 the average (weighted) prices of meat animals — hogs, 
cattle, sheep, and chickens— was $7.37 per 100 pounds, which is 4.1 
per cent higher than the prevailing price a year ago, 29.5 per cent 
higher than two years ago, 21.1 per cent higher than three years ago, 
and 0.3 per cent lower than four years ago on March 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 19-20. 



14 farmers' bulletin 590. 

Table 4. — Winter ivhe-at and rye — Condition on Apr. 1, 1914, loiih companions. 







Winter 


wheat. 






R 


re. 






Condition. 


Condition. 


State and division. 


Apr. 1. 


Dec. 1, 
1913. 


Apr. 1. 






1914. 


1913. 


10-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914. 


1913. 


10-year 
aver- 
age. 


Dec. 1, 
1913. 




Per ct. 


Per ct. 


Per ct. 


Per ct. 


Per ct. 
98 
96 
94 
94 
91 
94 


Per ct. 
93 
94 
96 
91 
96 
95 


Ptr ct. 
94 
92 
96 
90 
92 
90 


Per ct. 
92 












98 












98 




95 
91 

93 


91 
97 
96 


88 
90 

88 


98 
95 
97 


97 




96 




97 








93.3 


95.4 


88.1 


97.1 


93.6 


• 94.1 


90.0 


96 9 








91 
93 
95 
94 
92 
89 
91 


98 
96 
97 
91 
95 
89 
«1 '. 


90 

89 
89 
86 
91 
88 
88 


95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
95 
92 


90 
91 
95 
93 
92 
89 
92 


96 
97 
94 
91 
92 
90 
92 


91 
91 
89 
88 
90 
88 
90 


96 


Maryland 


95 
97 


West Virginia 


qi 




97 


South. Carolina 


97 


Georgia 


93 








93.2 


95.7 


88.8 


94.8 


93.0 


93.3 


90.4 


96.3 






Ohio 


96 

97 
98 
92 
85 


91 
91 
93 
83 
86 


80 
81 
84 
84 
90 


99 

98 
99 
95 
94 


96 
96 
97 
91 

87 


92 
92 
94 

86 
88 


84 
87 
90 
87 
92 


97 




97 


Illinois 


97 




96 


Wisconsin 


96 


North Central Ea.st 


96.4 


90.6 


82.0 


98.2 


90.6 


88 2 


88.6 


96 2 






Minnesota 


83 
95 
98 






92 
96 

98 


88 
93 
96 
87 
88 
92 
95 


82 
92 
93 
83 
83 
90 
92 


89 
94 
89 

'"gi""' 

90 
86 


93 




90 
93 


89 

85 


97 




99 


North Dakota 


91 


South Dakota 


87 
93 
96 






80 

S() 
100 


87 


Nebraska 


92 
90 


89 
85 


86 




99 






North Central West 


95.6 


91.1 


85.9 


96.3 


89.6 


84.7 


88.0 


91 9 






Kentucky 


96 
97 
93 
95 
92 
97 
95 


92 
93 
94 
89 
88 
94 
90 


85 
88 
89 
87 
81 
82 
87 


98 
96 
U2 
91 
102 
103 
99 


94 
93 
91 


89 

89 
91 


85 
88 
89 


99 


Tennessee ... 


97 


Alabama 


95 


Mississippi 






81 
97 
93 


86 
93 

87 


79 

85 
87 


101 


Oklahoma 


105 


Arkansas 


100 






South Central 


95.7 


92.3 


83.7 


101.0 


93.6 


90.3 


86.1 


98 6 






Montana 


93 
94 
94 
94 
95 
99 
95 
98 
97 
102 
95 


93 
93 
94 
80 
96 
95 
95 
94 
94 
90 
72 






■■■-■■■ 

92 
93 

88 


91 
97 
91 
98 
96 
96 
99 
97 
93 
100 
100 


94 
97 
92 


95 
96 
93 


96 
94 
88 


95 


W yoming 


98 


Colorado 


89 


New Mexico 




Arizona ........ 








Utah 


96 


93 


98 


97 


Nevada 




Idaho 


97 
100 

98 
100 


94 
96 
94 

85 


98 
94 
97 
92 


96 


Washington 


97 


Oregon 


100 


California 


100 






Far Western 


97.0 


90.4 


92.3 


95.3 


96.3 


92.7 


94.2 


97.8 






United States 


95.6 


91.6 


85.7 


97.2 


91.3 


89.3 


89.2 


95.3 







THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



Table 5. — Condition of horses and mules and of cattle Apr. 1 , and estimatrd losses during 
the year ending Mar. 31, 1914, with comparisons. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Comiecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States 



Horses and mules. 



Losses from disease. 



la 20 

221 26 

15l 20 

14l 17 

16 21 



22.6 



25 221 



No, 
2,200 

900 
1,400 
1,600 

200 

900 

14,200 

1,500 

13,800 

900 

3,200 
8,200 
3,400 
7,400 
6,100 

11,200 
2,500 
21,300 
24,400 
46, 100 

12,500 
12,300 
14,500 
31 , 200 
34,100 

12,900 
11,200 
21,500 
17,300 
14,800 

14, 800 
10,700 
14, 200 
9,700 
41,300 

16, 600 

11,200 

5,600 

2,400 

5,700 



24 4, 200 

33i 3,000 

221 2, 800 

24 1,700 



4,800 

4,800 

5,300 

10, 300 



522, 800 



Condition 
Apr. 1. 



P.C. 

98j 



P.c. 

97 



96 
96 
96 
96 
95 95 



P.C. 



96 
98 97 



96. 4 96. 7 



Cattle. 



Losses from Losses from 
disease. exposure. 



18 19 
22; 23 
17i 22 
21: 23 
20' 30 

2o| 22 

20' 25 

19j 17 

20 21 

25, 26 

30 33 

28; 45 

16; 16 

19 18 



151 3 



1 

18 
18 
19 

IS 
22 
22 
19 
24 

16 
20 
18 11 



12 18 

12 19 

15 22 

181 16; 

20 22 12i 11 



20.5il0.9 



20 23 

50 36 

5 5 

7 



24 11 15 

27 22 24 

301 24 30 

33| 26 35 

23 14 21 



10 14 

17 18 

ll! 15 

17! 24 



(.<•) 



Number. 
4,700 
3,400 
9,500 
6,100 



Condition 
Apr. 1. 



P.c. 

98 
9' 



3,600 
58, 500 

4,500 
39,400 

1, 400; 

7,500' 
24,600i 
16, 900; 
21,600, 
16, 2001 



49, 000 
34,900 
15,100 
18,400 

14,400 

7,400 

14,700 

57, 700 



53, lOOj 96 

67, 300; 94 

36, 2001 9^" 

35,000| 97 

73,700;" 97 

31,0001 97 

51,1001 98 

.53, 700 98 

85, 900 98 

54, 400, 94 



17, 800] 
30, 600; 
72,400 
49,800 
30, 900 

28, 800 
44, 200 
47, 4001 
39, 100 
237, 000 



P.c. P.c. 
93 
98 
98 
97 
97 



39, 500 96 

34. 000 94 

24.0001 98 
20,000 100 
49, 900 97 



98 
96 
95 
96 
93 

94 
93 
94 
92 
91 

91 
90 



96 95 



92 95 

96 92 

98 98 

98 98 



98 



1,737,400196.5,96.0 



97 



95 
98 
96 
97 
961 94 



98i 94 

98! 96 

97i 95 

971 94 

96 92 



92 
90 
90 
90 
91 

92 
90 
93 
96 
95 

92 
90 
96 



95 
94.0 



a Losses per 1,000 head. 



16 



FARMERS BULLETIN 590. 



Table 6. — ('oiuJltlon of sheep Apr. 1 and estimated losses of sheep and lambs during 
year ending Mar. SI, 1914, uith comparisons. 





Sheep. 


Lambs. 


State. 


Losses from 
ease. 


dis- 


I,osses from 
posure. 


ex- 


Losses 


Condition .^pr. 1. 


Losses from dis- 
ease and expo- 
• sure. 




1914 


1913 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


ease and 
e.xposure. 


1914 


1913 


10- 
yeai 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


1912 




(a) 
25 
20 
20 
17 
25 

10 
24 
15 
30 
30 

21 
35 
35 

24 
21 

25 
25 
29 
32 
28 

26 
16 
20 
25 
24 

19 
17 
16 
15 
33 

28 
35 
37 
25 
20 

12 
22 
16 
15 

21 

25 
25 
18 

2:5 

18 
15 
13 
17 


(«) 
25 
19 
20 
24 
23 

20 
24 
21 
27 
30 

26 
37 
37 
2<) 
23 

38 
40 
30 
34 

28 

28 
22 
20 
25 
26 

20 
20 
16 
19 
39 

34 
35 
41 
35 
21 

14 
23 
20 
16 

27 

30 
16 
23 
20 

22 
21 
25 
23 


(") 
2i; 

24 
22 
19 
16 

23 
24 
23 
26 
26 

26 
35 
32 
24 

26 

34 
35 
28 
32 
26 

29 
22 
21 
24 
28 

20 
22 
22 
16 
36 

32 
34 
41 
33 
25 

23 
26 
23 
25 
24 

24 

20 
30 

21 
19 
19 
26 


(") 

,s 

6 
3 
2 

2 

5 
8 
4 
12 
10 

10 
20 
21 
19 

15 

20 
15 
11 
12 
12 

.s 
5 
s 
s 
12 

15 
10 
20 
9 

19 

20 
44 
35 
30 
16 

8 
15 
15 
32 
50 

55 
35 
30 
50 

20 
10 
16 
20 


(") 
6 
6 
4 
4 
2 

5 
10 
12 

11 
17 
15 

IN 
18 

28 
.30 
15 
Hi 
12 

13 
9 

9 
15 

20 
19 
41 
35 
19 

25 
29 
44 
40 
21 

9 

22 
35 
37 
32 

50 
21 
33 
42 

25 
20 
20 
22 


6 
11 

5 
2 

3 

13 

13 

17 
21 
19 
21 
26 

35 
37 
14 
15 
10 

12 
9 
12 
11 
17 

35 
24 
27 

16 
25 

25 
31 
47 
38 

28 

20 
25 
49 
61 
45 

45 
40 
38 
41 

35 
26 
27 
39 


Xuniber. 

5,800 

1,000 

2, 600 

600 

200 

300 
28,000 

600 
35. 200 

300 

6, 900 

40, 400 

44,100 

7,600 

1,200 

7,. 500 

4,700 

130,.5W) 

54.. 500 

39, 400 

72,000 
16, 600 
16, 000 
41,200 
oti, 400 

9,400 
16, 700 
13,. 500 

7, 600 
65, 900 

33, 000 
9, 800 

14,. 500 
9. 900 

73, 900 

1,500 

4, 600 

133, 100 

210, 200 

118, 400 

242, 900 
96, 100 
41,400 

110,700 

113, 300 
12,600 
77, 400 
94,400 


P.O. 
98 
99 
99 
99 
99 

98 
97 
96 
95 
97 

95 
93 
91 
94 
92 

93 
97 
95 
94 
95 

96 
97 
97 
97 
93 

98 
98 
96 
94 
93 

94 
93 
95 
93 

96 

97 
92 
99 
100 
97 

92 
97 
98 
98 

98 
100 
99 
98 


P.c. 

96 
98 
98 
95 
97 

98 
97 

97 
97 
95 

96 
94 
93 
95 
94 

91 
95 
95 
94 
96 

95 
96 
97 
97 
93 

98 
97 
96 
95 
93 

93 
93 
90 
92 
94 

95 
94 
96 
99 
97 

95 
98 
97 
95 

98 
97 
96 
98 


P.c. 

98 
98 
98 
97 
98 

98 
97 
95 
95 
94 

94 
92 
92 
91 
91 

91 
92 
94 
94 
96 

95 
96 
96 
97 
93 

95 
96 
96 
95 
91 

91 
92 
88 
92 
94 

92 
91 
94 
96 
95 

93 
92 
97 
97 

90 
97 
96 
96 


44 
36 
38 
25 
29 

30 
45 
27 
50 
39 

44 
60 
65 
46 

38 

40 
50 
50 
60 
47 

40 
35 
34 

47 
47 

37 
30 
35 
30 
75 

55 
55 
60 
60 
43 

22 
36 
40 
39 
55 

74 
55 
51 
65 

63 
25 
35 
55 


(a) 

47 
36 
30 
40 

28 

38 
38 
28 
41 
32 

44 
62 
55 
45 

38 

55 
80 
63 
65 
60 

61 
45 
33 
51 
59 

45 
40 
45 
50 
65 

62 
48 
75 
50 
37 

25 
50 
65 
30 
60 

72 
35 
60 
80 

65 
49 
60 
67 


(a) 

44 


New Hampshire. . 


40 
50 


ilassachuselt.s 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

Xew York 

New Jersey 

rennsylvania 

Delaware 


35 
33 

35 
53 
35 
53 
40 


Maryland 


50 
72 


West Vir.ginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina... 


65 
40 
40 

72 




86 


Ohio 


65 




83 




SO 


Michigan 


68 


"Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 


50 
40 
60 


Missouri 


94 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


28 
47 
68 
50 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 


100 

75 
65 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 


78 
75 
68 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 


55 
44 




70 


Wyoming 


175 
218 


New Mexico 


60 
150 


Utah 


45 


Nevada 


60 


Idaho 


65 


Washington 


50 
45 


California 


65 


United States. 


21.7 


24.6 


25.2 


21.0 


25.1 


32.8 


2,124,400 


96.6 


96.0 


94.8 


49.0 


56.5 


81.0 



a Losses per 1,000 head. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



17 



Table 7. — Condition of sivine and number of breeding sows Apr. 1, and estimated losses 
of s wine during year ending Mar. 31, with comparisons. 















Swine. 














Lasses from disease. 


Condition Apr. 1. 


Breed- 
ing 
sows.o 




1914 


1913 


1912 


1911 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


30- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Maine 


m 

60 
35 
30 
45 
25 

35 
32 
50 
42 
60 

78 
46 
47 
50 
65 

90 
150 

85 
135 
140 

62 
50 
214 
255 
90 

75 
230 
175 
58 
90 

110 
100 
104 
125 
75 

70 
125 
30 
20 
25 

21 
55 
32 
35 

50 
20 
20 
53 


C) 
28 
25 
19 
40 
25 

30 
30 
40 
43 
50 

90 
48 
73 
58 
75 

165 
170 
86 
150 
140 

40 
28 
55 
160 
175 

20 
38 
110 
120 
95 

99 
110 
154 
110 

45 

81 
160 
20 
IS 
100 

27 
13 
24 
21 

37 
22 
30 
50 


15 
20 
39 
35 
18 

48 
29 
40 
37 
80 

75 
40 
41 
44 
60 

90 
100 

70 
125 
215 

40 
28 
30 
80 
160 

15 
38 
60 
132 
70 

70 
65 
75 
100 
34 

145 

140 

19 

12 

20 

16 
12 
16 

24 

14 
22 
16 
25 


U') 
20 
20 
19 
21 
22 

28 
25 
30 
30 
33 

32 
35 
25 
40 

47 

57 
75 
51 
62 
60 

35 
23 
29 
43 

48 

17 
42 
36 
40 
50 

47 
41 
52 
68 
30 

32 

68 
15 
10 
15 

25 
19 
17 

22 

19 
17 
18 
32 


C) 
15 
18 
19 
24 
21 

26 
23 
29 
30 
46 

43 
43 
36 
60 
61 

71 

85 
49 
75 

77 

32 
24 
32 
65 

84 

17 
51 
66 
58 
63 

62 
64 

74 
90 
38 

65 
101 
20 

18 
29 

20 
27 
21 
22 

18 
18 
17 
36 


19 
22 
23 
23 
22 

27 
26 
33 
33 
51 

54 
66 
49 
79 

78 

94 
109 
54 
82 
91 

34 
38 
46 
91 
93 

31 

65 
88 
68 
79 

89 
92 
92 
110 
66 

57 
119 
28 
19 

29 

31 
30 
26 
29 

28 
26 
26 
45 


Number. 
5,800 
1,800 
3,200 
4,800 
400 

2,000 
24,100 

7,900 
47,500 

3,500 

25,900 
40,000 
17,200 
68,100 
50,700 

175,000 
135.600 
294^700 
535,800 
610, 100 

81,400 
102,500 
306,000 
1,778,900 
382,500 

32,100 
239,000 
564,900 
136,300 
135,600 

152,900 
148,500 
152, 600 
174,800 
196,400 

94,600 

187,200 

5,500 

1,000 

5,100 

1,200 
1,300 
2,700 
1,200 

12,600 
5,700 
6,000 

42,200 


Number. 
2,800 
1,300 
2,000 
4,600 
400 

1,800 
22,800 

6,400 
48,600 

2,900 

30,200 
40, 100 
26,000 
77,400 
57,400 

311,500 
149,300 
292,300 
556, 400 
604, 100 

52,500 
56,800 
93,600 
1.395,200 
715,200 

7,300 

44,900 

417,800 

313,300 

155,600 

148,000 
160, 200 
228,200 
155,300 
112, 200 

107,300 

244,600 

3,100 

600 

20,500 

1,400 
300 

2,000 
700 

8,600 

5,700 

8,000 

41, 100 


P.c. 
97 
93 
97 
97 
96 

96 
96 
96 
95 
90 

93 
94 
96 
93 
91 

95 
93 
91 
91 
92 

93 
97 
88 
89 
89 

94 
90 
89 
91 
90 

89 
92 
95 

S8 
94 

91 
89 
97 
101 
98 

97 
96 
97 
99 

95 
99 
100 
97 


P.c. 

97 
95 
99 
95 
97 

97 
98 
97 
96 
92 

94 
95 
94 
94 
90 

92 
92 
94 
89 
91 

94 
96 
96 
89 

84 

98 
95 
93 
91 
90 

89 
92 
91 

88 
94 

88 
• 87 
97 
100 
94 

97 
98 
99 
98 

96 
98 
98 
97 


P.c. 

98 
98 
99 
97 
98 

99 
98 
97 
96 
96 

94 
94 
95 
94 
93 

94 
92 
94 
93 
95 

96 
97 
97 
■96 
91 

98 
96 
96 
94 
92 

93 
94 
93 

91 
95 

91 
89 
98 
99 
98 

95 
96 
98 
98 

98 
98 
98 
97 


P.c. 
98 


New Hampshire. . 
^'er^lont 


98 
100 


M assachuset t s 

Ilhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Penns3-lvania 

Delaware 


105 
102 

103 
105 
104 
103 
102 


Mrjyland 


107 


Virginia 

AV est Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


102 
105 
102 
100 

105 


Florida 


103 


Ohio 


105 


Indiana 


109 


Illinois 


106 


Michigan.. 


104 


Wisconsin 

Iowa 


103 
84 
93 




104 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 


120 
86 
90 




92 


Kentuekj' 

Tennessee 

Alabama. . . . 


100 

99 
103 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 


110 
99 


Texas 


105 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 


102 
105 


Montana 


135 


Wyoming 


120 


Colorado 


109 


New Mexico 


no 
no 


Utah 


no 


Nevada . . 


105 


Idaho 


120 


Washington 


113 
108 


California 


99 






United States. 


118.9 


110.1 


89.2 


44.8 


60.1 


76.4 


7,004,800 


6,738,300 


91.6 


91.4 


94.4 


100.8 



a Number compared with Apr. 1, 1913. 



b Losses per 1,000 head. 



18 



farmers' bulletin 590. 



Table 8. — Prices to producers of agricultural products April 1, 1914 and 1913. 
[Cotton in cents per pound; hi^, dollars per ton; other products, cents per bushel.] 



State. 


Corn. 


Wheat. 


Oats. 


Barley. 


Rye. 


Buck- 
wheat. 


Pota- 
toes. 


Flaxseed. 


Hay. 


Cotton. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


Me 


Cts. 
84 
76 
75 
79 
93 

79 

77 
77 
74 
70 

74 
85 
85 
94 
98 

94 
86 
64 
61 
64 

64 
59 
52 
59 

74 

51 

57 
63 
73 
81 

82 
93 

82 
77 

88 

74 
82 
81 
88 
71 

72 
112 

73 
112 

76 
71 
70 
83 

70.7 


Cts. 

68 
67 
67 
69 
89 

69 
64 
64 
61 
55 

58 
73 
71 
83 
89 

90 
92 

51 

4S 
47 

51 
49 
41 
41 
•50 

47 
39 
44 
48 
64 

67 
79 
75 
79 
69 

50 
72 
59 
62 
53 

81 
95 
70 

80 
89 

78 

53.7 


Cts. 
100 
120 
101 


Cts. 
116 
104 
100 


Cts. 
58 
53 
53 
56 


Cts. 
49 
48 
46 
46 


Cts. 
80 

"87 


Cts. 

72 
95 

85 


cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 
65 
75 
89 
86 


Cts. 
70 
75 
95 
72 
80 

100 
67 

82 
66 


Cts. 
55 
81 
76 
85 
95 

81 
85 
83 
81 
105 

72 
85 
ins 


Cts. 
40 
65 
63 
70 
80 

V- 

5i 
67 
61 
81 

59 
75 
73 
91 

128 

125 
126 
56 
53 

58 

36 
31 

28 
61 

74 

31 

39 
53 

77 
66 

75 
118 
116 
115 
109 

91 
102 
62 
80 
41 

103 
95 

44 
45 

24 
20 
36 
45 

50.3 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Dols. 
12.80 
16. SO 
14.90 
20.50 
21.80 

20.00 
14.80 
18. 70 
14.50 
16.00 

15.50 
16.80 
16 30 
18.50 
18.30 

18.20 
17.30 
12.20 
12.70 
13.90 

12.00 
10.30 
6.40 
9.80 
14.20 

5.80 
7.00 
8.50 
12.10 
17.20 

17.40 
16.20 
13.50 
13. 40 
13.10 

11.50 
15.20 
8.00 
8.60 
9.80 

14. 50 
12.00 
10.00 
10.00 

8.00 
11.60 

9.00 
11.00 


Dols. 
13.70 
16.10 
14.10 
10. SO 
24.00 

20.80 
12.90 
17. SO 
13.50 
14.50 

12.00 
15.60 
13.20 
16.30 
19.00 

17.60 
17.30 
10.30 
10. SO 
12.00 

10.70 
10.60 
6.50 
9.60 
9.40 

5.20 
5.60 
7.20 
7.60 
14.10 

15.10 
14.20 
12.70 
12.30 


Cts. 


Cts. 


N. H.. . 


115 
70 
93 

107 

80 
72 
75 
76 
75 

74 
84 
87 
98 
175 

115 


"97 










Vt 










Mass 






R.I 
















Conn 






50 

s? 

48 
40 

50 
55 
56 
62 

67 

65 
64 
39 
39 

38 

40 
37 
32 
34 

46 

32 
33 
37 

46 
54 

56 
67 
62 

58 
50 

48 
54 
33 
46 
46 

40 
67 
41 
50 

34 
41 
40 
52 

39.5 


41 
43 
42 
42 

40 

45 
54 
51 
62 
64 

64 
68 
33 
32 
31 

32 
32 
26 
29 
37 

23 

26 
31 

40 
49 

54 
58 
61 
55 
44 

39 
55 
39 
46 
37 

39 
SO 
42 
52 

35 
41 
41 
61 

33.1 






91 
73 
70 

74 
76 

78 
82 
84 
103 
150 

150 


90 

81 
75 
73 










N.Y 


97 
97 
95 

97 

95 
101 
101 
112 
116 

122 


101 
100 
101 
99 

100 
106 
104 
118 
124 

122 


70 


69 










N.J 










Pa 


65 


68 










Del 










Md 


65 
72 


65 

75 


80 
86 
83 

85 


"82 
73 










Va 








1? ?, 


W. Va 








N.C 






90l 90 






12.6 
12.6 

12.8 
15.6 


n 


s. c 








123 

115 
150 
80 
83 
91 

50 
53 
53 
93 

99 

57 
75 
94 
98 
103 

112 
116 
113 
108 
113 

109 
114 
60 
70 
59 

113 
150 

62 
64 

55 
42 
43 
73 

70.0 






n n 


Ga 


134 













11 q 


Fla 










1? 4 


Ohio 


93 
91 

88 

92 

82 
83 
79 
86 

81 
79 
75 
80 
98 

101 
119 


99 
97 
90 

99 
82 
76 
79 
95 

72 
73 
74 
78 
103 

107 
106 
89 


57 
50 
55 

64 
52 
45 
52 

39 
44 
52 
57 
72 

82 
95 


50 

65 
54 

63 
50 
43 
51 
60 

34 
41 
40 
42 

82 

75 


68 
63 
62 

60 
55 
51 
62 

74 

48 
51 
57 
6.5 

84 

102 
150 


72 
67 
71 

57 

56 
49 
60 

78 

47 
57 
56 
67 
88 

100 
150 


80 
85 
100 

68 
72 
62 
84 
96 


68 

"93 

64 
64 
62 
81 
98 








Ind 










Ill 








Mich 










Wis 


140 
136 
120 
145 

137 
132 


130 
113 
110 
112 

106 
114 






Minn .. 






Iowa 






Mo 


11.6 


9 fi 


N. Dak.... 




S.Dak 










Nebr 


75 


.... 






Kans 


133 


130 






Kj- 










Tenn 


73 


75 






12.0 
12.6 
12.2 
11 7 


11 <» 


Ala 






11 9 


Miss 










11 9 


La 


















11 <) 


Tex 


95 

81 
88 
71 

86 

78 

79 

109 

73 

90 

68 
80 
86 
97 

84.2 


93 

77 
94 
65 
94 

77 

72 
101 

72 
101 

73 

80 
79 
95 

79.1 


63 

68 


68 
50 


104 

93 
65 
61 
64 
50 


110 

87 
95 
68 
70 
49 






laeo'ii.o 
7. 40 11. 2 

14.40 11-3 


11 8 


Okla 










11 5 


Ark 










11 8 


Mont 


52 
70 
60 

79 
79 
50 

77 

48 
50 
62 
66 

51.7 


48 
80 
44 

48 
77 
53 
88 

49 
50 

5S 
64 

48.5 






123 


129 


9.70 
6.80 
8.30 

11.30 
15.00 
9.00 
11.00 

7.50 
10.50 

8.30 
14.00 






Wvo 










Colo 














N. Mex.... 














Ariz 














Utah 


55 


67 














Nev 














Idaho 


90 
60 
85 
110 

63.0 


69 
57 
73 
86 

62.9 














Wash 














Oreg 














Cal.^. 










11.9 


1? 5 






76.9 


68.3 








U.S... 


132.8 


113.6 


12.20 


11.15 


11.8 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



19 



Table 9. — Prices to producers of agricultural products on dates indicated, by States. 
[Butler, chickens, and wool in cents per pound; eggs, cents per dozen; live stock, dollars per 100 pounds.] 









Apr 


. 1. 


Mar. 15. 


State. 


Butter. 


Eggs. 


Chickens. 


Hogs. 


Beef cat- 
tle. 


Veal 
calves. 


Sheep. 


Wool. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 

$3.90 
5.00 
4.30 

'5.' 50 

6.60 
4.60 
4.50 
5.10 
6.20 

5.50 
4.50 
5.00 
4.60 
5.00 

4.20 
6.20 


1914 


1913 




Cts. 
31 
32 
31 
34 
33 

34 
29 
33 
30 
32 

29 
26 

28 
25 

27 

25 
33 
26 
23 
25 

26 

27 
25 
24 
23 

20 
21 
21 
22 
22 

21 
21 
24 

29 
22 

21 
23 
32 
31 

28 

36 
35 

29 
38 

28 
29 
31 
28 


Cts. 
31 
33 
35 
36 
34 

37 
34 
37 
33 
25 

29 
26 
27 
28 
26 

25 
35 
27 
24 
27 

29 
31 
30 
29 
23 

23 
24 
23 

22 

20 
21 
22 
27 
23 

21 
23 
34 
35 
30 

33 

39 

28 
38 

30 
34 
33 
34 

27.6 


Cts. 
22 
22 
22 
27 
26 

26 
22 
26 
22 
18 

18 
18 
21 
17 
21 

20 
22 
17 
16 
16 

19 
17 
16 
16 
16 

16 
15 
16 
16 
16 

16 
16 
17 
20 
15 

15 
16 
21 
21 
21 

25 
23 

17 
30 

17 
19 
20 
19 

17.6 


Cts. 
21 
22 
22 
27 
24 

22 
20 
21 
18 
17 

17 
15 
17 
15 
19 

17 
23 
16 
16 
16 

19 

17 
16 
15 
15 

17 
15 
15 
14 

14 

14 
15 
15 
18 
14 

13 

15 
25 
27 
20 

27 
25 
17 

28 

21 
18 
17 
18 

16.4 


Cts. 
14.5 
13.6 
13.2 
17.2 
18.0 

16.6 
15.8 
17.9 
14.6 
14.5 

16.2 
14.5 
13.4 
11.7 
13.5 

13.2 
15.2 
13.1 
12.0 
12.1 

13.0 
11.3 
10.8 
10 9 
11.8 

10.2 
8.8 
10.7 
10.5 
11.7 

11.7 
12.2 
12.5 
13.5 
9.9 

10.1 
10.6 
13. 3 
12.7 
12.6 

13.2 
15.8 
13.0 
22. S 

11.0 
14.5 
13.8 
15.2 

12.3 


Cts. 
13.4 
15.0 
13.6 
15.7 
16.5 

18.0 
14.9 
17.0 
14.0 
14.3 

15.3 

13.6 
11.9 
10.8 
11.9 

12.7 
15.0 
12.3 
11. S 
11.4 

12.3 
11.8 
10.3 
10.3 
11.1 

9.8 
8.9 
9.7 
9.5 
11.4 

11.1 
11.7 
11.8 
12.7 
9.3 

9.4 
10.0 
13.7 
13.5 
13.2 

12.1 
20.0 
12.3 


S8.20 
8.20 
8.10 
9.00 
9.60 

9.80 

S.40 
9.80 
8.70 
8.60 

8.10 
8.10 
8.10 
7.80 
7.80 

7.80 
7.10 
8.30 
8.30 
8.10 

8.00 
8.00 
7.70 
8.10 
7.80 

7.10 
7.60 
7.80 
7.90 
7.80 

7.50 
7.10 
6.40 
6.30 
7.30 

7.50 
6.30 
7.50 
7.90 
7.60 

7.50 
7.70 

7 ?n 


S7.90 
7.80 
7.90 
9.00 
8.70 

8.20 
8.00 
8.70 
8.00 
8.50 

7.80 
7.50 
7.90 
7.10 
7.30 

6.70 
6.20 
8.40 
8.40 
8.10 

8.00 
8.00 
7.80 
8.10 
7.70 

7.20 
7.60 
7.80 
7.80 
7.50 

6.90 
6.80 
6.10 
5. .SO 
7.20 

7.50 
6.00 
7.40 
7.30 
7.50 

7.30 
7.30 


S7.50 
7.00 
5.70 
6.20 
7.00 

8.80 
6.20 
7.50 
7.40 
6.20 

7.00 
6.40 
6.90 
5.00 
4.40 

4.50 
5.20 
7.10 
6.80 
7.00 

6.50 
5.70 
5.80 
7.40 
6.80 

5.60 
6.60 
7.10 
7.10 
6.20 

5.80 
4.20 
4.20 
5.10 
5.50 

6.10 
4.80 
6.90 
6.80 
6.70 

6.30 
6. .50 


$7.50 
6.10 
5.10 
7.00 
7.30 

6.50 
5.40 
7.00 
6.60 
6.40 

6.30 
5.50 
5.90 
4.20 
4.30 

3.80 
4.50 
6.70 
6.50 
6.80 

6.00 
5.60 
5.80 
7.10 
6.50 

5.20 
6.30 
6.90 
6.70 
5.80 

4.90 
3.50 
3.60 
4.30 
4.90 

5.60 
4.20 
6.80 
6.10 
6.30 

6.00 
5.50 
6.10 


88. 70 
8.80 
7.60 
9.00 
9.50 

10.20 
9.60 

10. 30 
9.60 

10.60 

9.70 
8.30 
8.60 
6.10 
5.20 

5.30 
6.60 
9.20 
8.10 
8.30 

8.80 
8.10 
7.30 
8.20 
7.60 

7.30 
7.50 
8.40 
8.20 
7.60 

6.90 
4.90 
5.80 
5.90 
6.30 

7.40 
6.50 
8.80 
9.00 
8.60 

R. 10 
7.80 
9.60 
7.80 

8.50 
8.20 
7.90 
7.60 

7.92 


$8.00 
7.80 
7.10 
8.80 
8.30 

8.50 
9.00 
8.60 
8.40 
9.70 

9.00 
7.90 
7.W 
5.00 
5.10 

5.00 
6.00 
8.80 
8.20 
8.00 

8.20 
8.40 
7.30 
7.60 
7.30 

6.80 
6.90 
7.80 
7.90 
7.10 

5.50 
4.20 
4.40 
4. SO 
6.80 

6.90 

5.20 
9.10 
8.50 
8.30 

S.OO 
6.50 
8.30 
8.10 

7.80 
8.60 
8.00 
7.00 

7.49 


84.80 
6.60 
4.10 

'4." 50 

6.00 
4.50 

'5." 70 
5.10 

5.00 
4.40 
4.70 
4.30 
5.10 

4.50 

7.20 


Cts. 
20 
17 

18 

'"it 

22 
18 
20 
20 
21 

""26 
20 
19 
16 

20 

18 
19 
19 

17 

19 
18 
15 
17 
18 

15 
15 
15 
16 
19 

18 
15 
16 
14 
14 

15 
16 
18 
15 
17 

13 

17 
15 

14 

16 
15 
15 
12 


Cts. 
23 


New Hampshire . 
Vermont 


20 
21 


Massac.hiisetts 

Rhode Island 

Coimecticut 

Nev.' York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 


23 

22 

18 
22 

"23 

21 

'■'23 


West Virginia 

North Carolina... 
South Carolina. . . 


24 
•20 
14 

21 


Florida 


23 


Ohio 


4.60; 4.90 
4.30; 4.60 
4.50 5.10 

4.70 5.00 
4.20 5.10 
4.30J 4.90 
4.50; 5.30 
4. 70i 5. 10 


22 


Indiana.......... 


22 


lUinois 


21 


Michigan 


20 


Wisconsin 

Minnesota 


20 
19 
20 




21 


North Dakota — 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


4.80 
4.80 
6.40 
5.60 
3.90 

3.80 
4.30 
4.00 
3.60 
4.70 

5.40 
3.80 
5.50 
5.20 
5.10 

4.50 
3. SO 
5.20 
5.40 

4.70 
5.20 
4.30 
4.90 


4.80 
4.90 
5.90 
6.10 
3.60 

3.60 
3.20 
3.80 
3.00 
4.70 

4.90 
3.80 
5.10 
5.50 
5.40 

4.70 
4.10 
5.10 
5.40 

5.30 
5.60 
5.10 
5.10 


16 
17 
19 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 


23 

20 
18 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 


19 
13 

14 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 


19 
17 
19 


Wyoming 


16 
15 


New Mexico 

Arizona 


15 

16 


Utah 


6. 70; 6. 10 


14 




19.8 9.40 

10.9 7.50 


8.60 6.60! 7.50 




Idaho 


6.90 
7.70 
7.50 
6.90 


6. .30 
6.50 
6.70 
6.80 


5.90 
6.90 
6.60 
6.70 


17 


Washington 

Oregon 


13.9 
12.5 
13.5 


7.70 
7.50 
8.00 


■"is 


California 




United States.. 


24.9 


11.6 


7. SO 


7.62 


6.28 


5.88 


4.77 


4.97 


16.4 


18.4 



20 FAEMEES^ BULLETIN 590. 

Table 10. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Lambs per 100 lbs.. 

Milch cows per head . . 

Horses do 

Honey, comb per pound . . 

Apples per bushel . . 

Peanuts per pound.. 

Beans, drj' per l)ushel.. 

Soy beans do 

Sweet potatoes do 

Cabbages per 100 pounds.. 

Onions per bushel. . 

Clover seed do 

Timothy seed do 

Alfalfa seed do 

Broom corn per ton. . 

Cotton seed do 

Maple sugar per pound. . 

Maple siiup per gallon. 

Hops 



Paid by farmers: 

Bran per ton., 

Clover seed . . .per bushel. 

Timothy seed do 

Alfalfa seed do 



Mar. 15— 



19U 1913 1912 1911 1910 



$6.31 

59.23 

138.00 

.137 

1.29 

.047 
2.05 



.873 
2.03 

1.55 
8.61 
2.51 
6.81 
91.00 

23.60 
.124 
1.099 
.205 



27. 58 
9.75 
2.95 
8.15 



$6.56 

54.00 

146.00 

.139 

.824 

.047 
2.10 



10.42 
1.72 
8.19 

57.00 

21. 55 
.126 
1.065 



24. 9G 

12.30 

2.33 

9.78 



$5.38 

44.00 

140.00 

.139 

1.035 

.05 
2.42 



1.024 
2.88 

1.67 
12.89 
7.33 



99.00 

18.21 

.111 

1.051 

.401 



29.15 



.873 
1.26 

1.05 
8.56 
4.93 



25.49 



$7.37 

41.75 

150.00 

.136 

1.14 

.05 
2.17 



.80 
2.14 



.925 
8.15 



24. 94 27. 00 



Apr. 15- 



1913 1912 



$6. 59 

55. 34 

148. 00 

.141 

.85 

.048 
2.11 



.943 
1.15 

.79 

11.00 

1.74 

8.36 

58.00 

21.89 
.13 
1.098 
.150 



24.69 
12. 90 
2.43 
9.99 



$5.98 
45.14 
142. 00 
.138 
1.149 

.049 
2.37 



1.174 
3.17 

1.75 
12.91 

7.27 



101.00 

18.62 
.125 
1.082 



29.73 



Feb. 15— 



1914 1913 1912 



$6.18 

59.00 

139.00 

.137 

1.23 

.047 
2.09 
1.80 

.861 
2.07 

1.41 
8.79 
2.45 
6.84 
95.00 

23.37 



26.91 
9.59 
2.92 
8.19 



$6. 34 

51.42 

146. 00 

.139 

.784 

.045 
2.19 



.87 
1.17 

.775 

10.28 

1.78 

8.15 

56.00 

22.00 
.122 
1.059 
.169 



25.32 
11.02 
2.47 
9.60 



$5.15 

43.40 

137.00 

.14 



.047 
2.38 



.935 
2.24 

1.40 

12.22 
7.26 



86.00 
16.81 



.388 



28.62 



Table 11. — Range of prices of agricultural jtrodurts at marJcet centers. 



Products and markets. 



Apr. 1, 1914. 



Mar., 1914. 



Feb., 1914. 



Mar.. 1913. 



Wheat, per bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St. I>oiiis 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter, New York i 

Corn, per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2 mi.xed. New York' 

Oats, per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

Hye, per bushel: No. 2, Chicago 

Baled hay, per ton: No. 1 timothy, Chicago. 

Hops, per pound: Choice, New York 

Wool, per pound: 

Ohio, fine, unwashed, Boston 

Best, tub washed, St. Louis 

Live hogs, per 100 pounds : Bulk of sales, Chicago. 
Butter, per pound: 

Creamery, extra, New York 

Creamery, extra, Elgin 

Eggs, per dozen: 

Average best, fresh. New York 

Average best, fresh, St. Louis 

Cheese, per pound: Colored,^ New York 



•M). 93 -.SO. 93 

. 921- . 93^ 

1.05 - 1.05 



. 69 - . 69 
. 66.'r- . 67 
.691- -70 



.40- .40 

.3SJ- .381 

. 62 - .62 

15.00 -16.00 

. 42 - . 44 



.22 
.29 
.55 

.24i- 



.211- 
.17.S- 
.10"- 



.29 
8.65 



.26 
.17'. 



.$0.92 -$0.96 1 
.92 J- .963 
1.05 - 1.06 

. 65 - .72 
. t>3 - .70 
.681- ."2| 

.38^ .43 

.371- .39^ 

..594- .63 

14. 50'-16.00 

. 42 - . 45 

. 22 - .22 

. 28 - .29 

8. 20 - 9. 00 

.24i- .32 
.25- .30 

.21 - .36 
.17^- .27 
.16.'.- .17^ 



SO. 91 -SO. 954 

.93J- .97J 

1. 01 - 1. 054 

. 64 - . 664 
. (il - . 634 
. 68 - . :0'i 

.39»- .43 
.3S.^- .394 
.60J- .64" 
15. 00"-16. 00 
. 43 - .46 



.21- 
.28 ■ 
8. 20 



.22 

.28 

8.90 



•SO. 97.^-$l. 12 
l.Ol"- 1.08 
1. 094- 1. 12 

.49 - .541 
. r^ - . 53| 
.554- .58^ 

.32- .34 
.31g- .331 
. .58 - . 62i 
13. 00 -16. 50 
. 21 - .27 

. 23 - . 24 

. 33 - . 35 

8.75- 9.50 



.26J- .32 

.264- .30 

. 29 - .40 

.214- .28 

.16|- .17i 



.354- 
.34"- 



.20- .31 
. 16 - .19 
.16- .171 



1 F. o. b. afloat. 

2 September colored, September to April, inclusive; new colored, May to July, inclusive; colored, .\ugust. 



o 



WASHixirrox : covEnxMEXT rnixTiNO office ; 1914 



US.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), 
Leon M. Eslabrook, Chief. 

May 22, 1914. 

THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 

Page. 

Winter wheat condition and forecast, Ma> 1 1 

Wheat fed to li ve stock 3 

Outlook for 1914 foreign wheat crop 4 

Rye condition and forecast 6 

Hay condition and stocks •• - - 6 

Pastures condition 7 

Spring plowing and planting 7 

Trend of prices of farm products 7 

Honeybees *^ 

Beet sugar in the United States, 1913 9 

Sources of sugar supply 11 

Hawaiian sugar campaign, final returns for 1912-13 12 

ii creage and yield of cotton in 1913 13 

Bn^is for interpreting crop condition reports 13 

Crop conditions in Florida and California 14 

The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on June 1 21 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF JUNE CROP REPORTS. 

A rej-jort regarding the condition of cotton on May 25 will be issued on Monday, 
June 1 , 1914, at noon (eastern time). 

A summary of the June grain report will be made public on Monday, June 8, at 2.15 
p. m. (, eastern time). This report will give the preliminary estimate of the acreage 
of spring wheat, oats, and barley, and the condition on June 1 of winter wheat, spring 
wheat, oats, barley, rye, and hay. 

A supplemental report vvill be issued, covering the following items: Condition on 
June 1 of clover, alfalfa, pasture, bluegrass (for seed), sugar cane, sugar beets, hemp, 
applet', peaches, pears, blackberries, raspberries, cantaloupes, watermelons, Canadian 
peas, f.ima beans, cabbage, onions, and the acreage compared with that sown last 
year of clover and sugar cane. 

WINTER. WHEAT CONDITION AND FORECAST, MAY 1. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Esti- 
mates), United States. Department of Agriculture, estimates, fi'om 
the reports of correspondents and agents of the bureau, as follows : 

On May 1 the area of winter wheat to be harvested was about 

35,387,000 acres, or 3.1 per cent (1,119,000 acres) less than the area 

44132°— Bull. 598—14 1 



2 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 598. 

planted last autumn, but 11.6 per cent (3,688,000 acres) more than 
the area harvested last year, viz., 31,699,000 acres. 

The average condition of ^^inter wheat on May 1 was 95.9, com- 
pared v/ith 95.6 on April 1, 91.9 on May 1, 1913, and 85.5, the average 
for the past 10 years on May 1. 

A condition of 95.9 per cent on May 1 is indicative of a yield per 
acre of approximately 17.8 bushels, assuming average variations to 
prevail thereafter. On the estimated area to be harvested 17.8 
bushels per acre would produce 630,000,000 bushels, or 20.3 per cent 
more than in 1913, 57.5 per cent more than in 1912, and 40. 3 per 
cent more than in 1911. The outturn of the crop will probably be 
above or below the figures given above according as the change in 
conditions fi-om May 1 to harvest is above or below the average 
change. 

A combination of the largest acreage ever recorded with a promise 
of the largest yield per acre ever recorded makes the present report 
on the condition of \^dnter wheat noteworthy. If the jwesent proi; r 
be maintained until harvest, the yield per acre, estimated to hi' 
bushels, will compare with an average for the past 10 years 
bushels, the highest yield for the period being 16.7 bushels in i ^J0o 
and the lowest yield being 12.4 bushels. During the past 20 years 
there has been a gradual tendency toward an increase in jdoid i'^t 
acre. 

One feature of the situation is that there is not a single Si.. 
which the winter-wheat prospect is unfavorable. Last fall was favor- 
able for wheat seeding and an unusually large area was seeded. The 
condition of the crop on December 1 was given as 97.2 per cent of 
normal, the highest figure of the past 10 years, 89.2 being the average 
for the period. It is thus observed that the crop entered th< n - <<■ 
with a very good start. The winter proved to be almos' i' .•■«! 
Practically no complaints have been made of ice smothering, heaviii 
out from fi-eezing and thawing, etc. During the severe part ( ' 'irJi ■■ 
the crop was well protected b}' snow, and since the breaking < ( •. .iuc. 
the temperatm-e has been cool, and moisture sufficient to main tail 
the crop in almost normal condition. 

The forecast from the acreage and condition report as of May ' , OoH 
milUon bushels, compares with 524 millions, the final estiniat.j of last 
year's crop, wliich exceeded any previous crop. The lar; ? esti- 
mated production before last year was 493 milUons, estimate" 19'6. 
The smallest crop of the past 10 years was that of 1904, vnth 33 
millions. 

No human agency can foretell what will befall the crop b( ^ ^ It 
gathered; the present forecast is based upon the experier - • >( t. 
past. If conditions continue very favorable, the final out ■ i ; 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 

be larger than the amount forecast, or conditions can arise which 
wonkl result in a decidedly smaller outturn than the present forecast. 

Interpretations of crop condition figures have been made for three 
years. Last year the May 1 condition of winter wheat was inter- 
preted as forecasting a yield of 16.6 bushels per acre; the final esti- 
mate was 16.5, a reduction of less than 1 per cent. In 1912 the May 
forecast was 14.4 bushels per acre, the final estimate 15.1, an advance 
of 5 per cent. In 1911 the May forecast was 15.6 bushels and the 
final outturn was 14.8, a reduction of 5 per cent. 

The average price of wheat in the United States on May 1 was 83.1 
cents a bushel, a decline of 1.1 cents smce Apiil 1; the price on May 
1 last year was 80.9 cents, two years ago 99.7 cents, and three yeai-s 
ago 84.6 cents. The price is generally lower than a year ago east of 
the Mississippi River and higher than a year ago west of the ]\Iissis- 
sippi River. 

A report upon spring wheat will not be made until June. The 
production of spring wheat in 1913 was 240 million bushels; in 1912, 
330 million; in 1911, 191 million; in the past five years, an annual 
average of 250 miUion. This figure added to the forecast of winter 
wheat, namely, 630 millions, makes 880 milUons, which may be con- 
sidered as a theoretical forecast of total wheat crop. 

Although a large crop is forecast this year, the amount of carry-over 
from the 1912 crop will probably be small because of the unusually 
large amount of wheat used as animal feed during the past season. 

Details by States are given on page 15. 



WHEAT FED TO LIVE STOCK. 

The wheat crop of 1913 in the United States was estimated at 763 
miUion bushels, as compared mth 730 millions in 1912 — an increase 
of 33 miUion bushels. The amount of old wheat carried into the 
crop year of 1913 was approximately 90 million bushels, as compared 
with 78 milhons in the preceding year, or 12 millions more. Thus, 
the apparent supply for the 1913 crop season was 45 million bushels 
more than for the preceding season. 

Notwithstanding this apparently larger supply of 45 million bush- 
els, the est' aated stocks of wheat on March 1 last were about 32 mil- 
iioD bushels less than on March 1, 1913, farm stocks on March 1 
being estimated at 5 million bushels less, in interior mills and ele- 
vators 20 millions less, and commercial visible stocks 7 millions less 
than in the preceding year. 

That is, comparing the two crop seasons, the 1913 season appar- 
ently had 45 million more bushels than the 1912 season; but on 
March 1 of the 1913 season there appeared to be 32 milUon bushels 



4 farmers' bulletin 598. 

less on hand than on March 1 of the 1912 season — a difference of 77 
million bushels to be accounted for. 

Increased exports can account for 7 milhons of the above 77 mil- 
lions; normal increase of consumption from natural growth of the 
country can account for about 11 milhons; an increased amount of 
seed used for seeding the enlarged winter wheat area can account for 

5 milhon bushels — a total of 23 milhons accounted for, leaving 54 
millions unaccounted for. This difference may result from inaccuracy 
in some of the estimates, from an increase in the per capita con- 
sumj^tion, or from some unusual use made of the crop. 

An unusual feature of the past season has been a lai^e wheat j)ro- 
duction coincident with a practical failure of the corn crop in Kan- 
sas and adjacent States. In Kansas the v/heat production last year 
was 87 milhon bushels, compared with an average of 71 millions in 
the preceding four years; whereas the corn production was only 23 
millions, as compared with an average of 15G millions for the preced- 
ing four years. The price of wheat and corn in Kansas has been 
about the same during the past season, and in many counties wheat 
has been the cheaper; normally wheat is 30 to 35 cents per bushel 
dearer than corn. In consequence of the relative plentifulness and 
cheapness of wheat, and the scarcity and dearness of corn, much 
more wheat was used on farms for animal feed than usual. The ex- 
tent of such use is not definitely known. Ordinarily about 2 per 
cent of the entire wheat crop is estimated to be fed to animals. 

Recently the county correspondents of the Bureau of Statistics 
(Crop Estimates) in Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Missouri were 
requested to estimate the percentage of the wheat crop of the past 
year that would be consumed on farms as feed. The Kansas corre- 
spondents estimated 12.6 per cent, Nebraska 14.7 per cent, Oklahoma 
21 per cent, and Missouri 14.4 j^er cent. Applying these percentages 
to the wheat production of these States gives a total of 29 milhon 
bushels; these States produced 206 millions of last year's total crop 
of 763 millions for the United States. If 29 million bushels of wheat 
were fed to live stock in these four States, whereas in a normal year 
only 4 or 5 milhon bushels would be so fed, it is reasonable to esti- 
mate that this year in the entire United States about 40 to 45 milhon 
bushels more than the normal amount of wheat were fed to hve 
stock. This would leave 9 to 14 millions not otherwise accounted 
for, which, however, is a small difference. 



THE OUTLOOK FOR THE 1914 FOREIGN WHEAT CROP. 

At the beginning of May the general wheat prospect abroad pre- 
sented few features materiaUy different from those of ordinary years. 
In the Southern Hemisphere, where each calendar year the first of 



THE xiGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 5 

the world harvests take place, the two principal producing coun- 
tries, Ai'gentina and Australia, have given a total yield of 231,685,000 
bushels against 293,295,000 bushels the year before. The distribu- 
tion of production between the two countries was: Argentina, 
117,758,000 (revised) in 1914 against 198,414,000 bushels .in the 
preceding year, and, by the same comparison, Australia 113,927,000 
bushels against 94,880,000. In both countries seeding is now in 
progress under fairly favorable conditions for next winter's har- 
vest. There have, however, been complaints at times of excessive 
rain, deleterious ijarticularly to the ripened maize crop in Ai'gentina. 
Some increase is expected this year in each country in the total 
acreage under all crops, but none is anticipated in the wheat area. 
The 1914 wheat crop of New Zealand has also been a good one, the 
yield being officially put at 200,000 bushels above that of the pre- 
vious year. In British India, where occurs, annually, the first 
important wheat harvest north of the equator, the acreage now 
being cut has been officially estimated at 25,500,000 acres, con> 
pared with 29,716,000 acres last year, a decrease of 3,822,000 acres, 
or 13 per cent. Harvest, though at times disturbed in parts by 
heavy rains, has, for the most part, been durin;T proj^itious weather. 
No quantitative estimates of jdelds are yet available, but it is nota- 
ble that exports thus far are very limited. Spring seeding in Can- 
ada seems to have been retarded by wet weather in April, and indi- 
cations are for no extension of the spring wheat area over that of 
last year. 

The prospects for the European wheat crop are, as a whole, fully 
up to the standard for the season. The total acreage, owing to 
increased sowings in Russia and Roumania, is expected to exceed 
that of last year, and the general appearance of the fields in almost 
all countries is reported to be of good promise. In Great Britain 
there has been an increase of about 4 per cent in acreage. The con- 
dition of the plants is, for the most part, satisfactory. In France an 
unusually large proportion of the winter wheat has been frozen out, 
and as the weather has not been altogether favorable to spring sow- 
ings the acreage is expected to be less than that of either of the past 
two years. The appearance of vegetation, particularly in the north, 
is not all that is desired, though it improved greatly in April. The 
popular belief is that France will at the best not produce a large crop 
this season. The acreage under wdnter wheat in Italy is normal and 
in Spain 3^ per cent less than last year. Excepting some local com- 
plaints of dry weather, the present outlook in both countries is satis- 
factory. In Belgium, Denmark, and Germany the growing crops 
receive favorable mention, though a rather dry April now makes felt 
in many parts urgent necessity for additional rain. In central and 
southeastern Europe the only discordp^nt notes in a general harmony 
of favorable crop reports are complaints of an unsatisfactory condi- 



FARMEES BULLETIN 



tion of the growing Hungarian wheat and a decrease, owing to unfa- 
vorable weather last fall, in the sowings of Bulgaria. Although there 
are no definite official reports from Russia, the tone of local and com- 
mercial reports is very hopeful, and the present popular expectation 
seems to be, if present conditions are maintained, for a yield exceed- 
ing that of any previous year. 



RYE. 

The average condition of rye on May 1 was 93.4, compared vnih 
91.3 on April 1, 91 on May 1, 1913, and 89.4, the average for the past 
10 years on May 1. The condition of the crop is high in every State. 
A condition of 93.4 may be interpreted as forecasting a yield per acre 
of about 17.1 bushels, which compares with a fuial estimate of 16.2 
last year, 16.8 two years ago, and 16.2, the average of the past 10 
years. The yield per acre of rye has not varied widely from year to 
year, the lowest yield per acre since 1900 being 15.1 bushels (in 1900), 
and the highest 17 bushels in 1902. An estimate of the acreage to 
be harvested, to which to apply the forecast of yield per acre to ob- 
tain a total production figure, has not been made. The acreage 
planted for grain l^st fall was 2,702,000 acres, compared with 
2,731,000 sown in the fall of 1912. During tlie past five yeare the 
estimated area harvested has been 8 per cent less than the estimated 
area sown for grain. A yield per acre of 17,1 bushels on 8 per cent 
less area than sown for grain last fall would produce 42,-500,000 
bushels, which compares mth last year's final estimate of 41,381,000 
and the estimate two years ago of 35,664,000. 

Details by States are given on page 15. 



HAY. 

The average condition of meadow (hay) lands on May 1 was 90.9, 
compared with 88.5 on May 1, 1913, and a 10-year average on May 1 
of 88.1. 

A condition of 90.9 on May 1 may be interpreted as forecasting a 
yield per acre of about 1.46 tons, which compares with a final estimate 
of 1.31 tons produced last year and an average yield in the past 10 
years of 1.40 tons. The hay prospects on May 1 were more or less 
promising in every State. An estimate of the acreage will not be 
made until August. 

The stocks of old hay on farms on May 1 are estimated as 7,832,000 
tons (12,2 per cent of the crop), against 10,828,000 tons (14.9 per 
cent) on May 1, 1913, and 4,744,000 tons (8.6 per cent) on May 1, 
1912. The average price of hay, $12.32 on May 1 this year, $11.13 
last year, and $17.64 two years ago, reflects this difference in stocks 
of hay on hand. 

Details by States are given on page 16. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



PASTURES. 



Pastures, although above average condition on May 1 for the entire 
United. States, are not so uniformly favorable iii the different States 
as are wheat, rye, and meadows. In 17 of the 48 States the condi- 
tion figure was more or less below the 10-year average, in 4 States 
the condition is the same as the 10-year average, and in 27 States 
the condition was above the 10 -year average. Wliere the conditions 
are lowest, generally m the Atlantic Coast States, the cause is the 
late sprmg and consequent late startmg of grass. Conditions are 
particularly good m the Pacific Coast States. 

Details by States are shown on page 17. 



SPRING PLOWING AND PLANTING. 

So much plowmg was accomplished last autumn that, notwitli- 
standmg the tardmess of spring, the total amount of plowing and 
planting for sprmg-sown crops by May 1 was slightly more than the 
average. About 70.9 per cent of the plowmg was completed by 
May 1, compared with 67.2 per cent on May 1, 1913, and a 10-year 
average on May 1 of GO. 6. 

Of spring j)lanting, 50.4 per cent Wtis completed up to ISIay 1, 
compared with 57 per cent on May 1, 1913, and an S-year average 
on May 1 of 54.6. This work is generall}- backward in the North 
Atlantic Coast States and down to South Carolma, also ui the North- 
ern States, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, 
but about up to the average or somewhat better m nearly all other 
sections of the United States. 

Details by States are printed on page 17. 



TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops increased about 1.3 per cent during April; in the past 
six years the price level has increased during April 3.2 2)cr cent; 
thus, the increase this year is less than usual. 

Since December 1 the index figure of crop prices has advanced 
2.4 per cent; during the same period a year ago the advance was 
5.3 per cent, and the average for the past six years has been an advance 
of 11.1 per cent. 

On May 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 17 per cent 
higher than a year ago, but 18.3 per cent lower than two years ago 
and 1.3 per cent higher than the average of the past six years on 
May 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for 
meat animals increased 0.4 per cent during the month from March 15 
to April 15, which compares with, an increase of 3.7 per cent in the 



8 farmers' bulletin 598. 

same period a year ago, an increase of 10.7 per cent two years ago, 
a decrease of 4,7 per cent three years ago, and an increase of 4.8 per 
cent four years ago. 

From December 15 to April 15 the advance in prices for meat 
animals has been 8 per cent; whereas during the same period a year 
ago the advance was 14.5 per cent, and tv^^o years ago 17.3 per cent, 
while three years ago there was a dechne in price of 6.6 per cent 
during this period. 

On April 15 tlie average (weighted) price of meat animals — 
hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens^ — was $7.40 per 100 pounds, wliich 
is 0.7 per cent higher than the prcvaihng price a year ago, 17.5 per 
cent higher than two years ago, 27.6 per cent higher than three years 
ago, and 4.4 per cent lower than four years ago on April 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 18-20. 



HONEYBEES. 



The Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates) on May 1 made an 
inquiry regarding the number of colonies of honeybees, their condi- 
tion, and the condition of the principal nectar-bearing plants. The 
inquiry covered the additional subjects of the principal nectar-pro- 
ducing i)iants in the different sections and the approximate dates of 
nectar flow of each. 

As this is the first inquiry on this subject, and no comparisons 
exist based on j^revious inquiries by the Bureau, it is difficult to 
draw conclusions, except in a most general way. 

The number of colonies of bees in the United States this year, 
spring count, appears to be about 4 per cent above the number last 
year, and 2 per cent above recent years. Decreases compared both 
with last year and recent years are reported in the New England 
States, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas, Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana, and California. The loss in California and in a 
majority of the other States named was due to a seA^ere epidemic 
of foul-brood disease. Increases are particularly marked in the 
Korth Central, Rocky Mountain, and Pacific Coast States, except 
as already noted. 

The condition of the colonies is reported to be about 98 per cent of 
a normal, taking the United States as a whole. The condition is 
about 5 per cent above normal, however, in the Rocky Mountain 
and Pacific Coast States. The condition of colonies compared with 
last spring is about 4 per cent better, being reported as inferior only 
in Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Virginia, West Virginia, 
Georgia, Ohio, Indiana, Ilhnois, Kansas, Kentucky, and Mississippi. 
It is genei-ally better than last spring in the North Central States, and 
very much better in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States. 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 9 

The condition of nectar-bearing plants averages about 99 per 
cent of a normal for the Uiiited States as a whole, ranging in the 
neighborhood of 95 in all the country east of the Rockies, excepting 
Texas, where it is 115, and about 105 per cent in the Rocky Mountain 
and Pacific Coast States, being highest, 120 per cent, in California. 
Compared with, last 3^ear, the condition of nectar-bearing plants 
averages 3 per cent higher for the United States, being generally 
slightly below last year east of the Rockies, except in Texas, where it 
is 50 per cent better, and decidedly better in the Rocky Mountain 
and Pacific Coast States, reaching the very liigh figure of 175 per 
cent compared with last year in California, where moisture conditions 
in the white-sage country presage a bountiful nectar flow. 

In the important honey-producing States of Texas, Colorado, and 
California the outlook is very promising, showing numbers of colonies 
compared with recent years of 115, 115, and 85, and compared with 
last year of 112, 120, and 93 per cent, respectively; colony conditions 
compared wdtli normal of 115, 110, and 107, and compared with last 
year of 120, 110, and 125 per cent; and condition of nectar-producing 
plants compared with normal of 115, 107, and 120, and compared 
with last year of 150, 107, and 175 per cent, respectively. 

The number of colonies in the white-clover belt of the North Cen- 
tral States is at least 5 percent above the number last year, and, taken 
as a whole, the condition of the colonies is equal to that of last year; 
but the condition of nectar plants in these States is reported as not 
quite so good as last 3"ear, due partly to a late spring and partly to 
loss of clover fiom the drought in some sections. 

An inquiry will be made in July regarding honey production, and 
another inquiry on the same subject will be made later in the season. 
It is hoped in the meantime to secure the agreement of a large number 
of experienced and up-to-date beekeepers to furnish reports on the 
honey crop in order that the estimates may be approximately correct 
and therefore of real value to honey producers and others interested. 

Details b}^ States are given on page 17. 



BEET SUGAR IN THE UNITED STATES, 1913. 

The beet-sugar output of the United States for the campaign 
beginning in the fall of 1913 was the largest on record. It amounted 
to 733,401 short tons, which was 40,845 in excess of the large yield of 
1912. There were 71 factories in operation in 1913-14, or two less 
than during the preceding campaign, while the aver-age length of the 
campaign was 85 days in 1913-14, practically the same as in 1912-13. 

The beets used in the factories in 1913-14 amounted to 5,659,462 
tons, and were grown upon 580,006 acres. The average value of the 
44132°— Bull. 598—14 2 



10 



FARMERS BULLETIN 598. 



beets per ton was $5.34, and the total amount received by farmers 
for this product amounted to $30,222,000. In the preceding cam- 
paign, 1912-13, the farm value of the beets used for sugar amounted 
to $30,406,000, the average price being $5.82 per ton. 

Details of the beet-sugar cami:)aign for the past three years in each 
principal wState and in the United States are shown in Table 1. 

Table 1. — Sugar-beet and bert-sugar production in the United States, 1911-1913. 





Fac- 
torie.s 

iu 
oper- 
ation. 


Aver- 
age 

length 
of 

cam- 
paign. 


Sugar 

made 

(chipfiy 

refined). 


Beets used. 


Analysis of 
beets. 


Average ex- 
traction of 
sugar. 


State, and year 
of beet harvest. 


Area. 


Aver- 
age 

yield 
per 

acre. 


Produc- 
tion. 


Aver- 
age 
price 
per 
ton. 


Per- 
cent- 
age 
of su- 
crose.' 


Pu- 

rity 

coeffi- 

cient.2 


Per- 
cent- 
age 
of 
beets. 


Per 

short 
ton 
of 

beets. 


California: 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Colorado: 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Idaho: 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Michigan : 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Ohio: 

1913 . . . 


Nn. 
12 
11 
10 

14 
17 
14 

4 
4 
3 

15 
16 
17 

5 
5 

7 
6 
6 

4 
4 
4 

10 
10 

12 


Daus. 
99 
90 
98 

96 
91 
63 

77 
64 
91 

82 

74 

122 

80 
91 

90 
97 
96 

57 
91 
106 

68 
78 
83 


Tms.s 
171,208 
1.58, 904 
161,300 

229,274 
216,010 
124, 800 

29,620 

24,761 
26, 730 

122, 424 
95,049 
125,500 

28, 687 
28, 503 

57,231 
59,571 
57,280 

12, 5.53 
23, 260 
23, 640 

82, 404 
86,498 
80, 250 


Acres. 
127,610 
111,416 
99, 545 

168,410 
144,999 
86,437 

22,497 
19,952 
17,052 

107,965 
124,241 
145,837 

30, 661 
27,062 

39, 472 
37,000 
33, 950 

11,800 
20,172 
23,241 

71,591 
70, 458 
67,815 


Tom. 3 
8.92 
9.01 

10.42 

10.93 
11.32 
11.07 

9.90 
8.55 
12.11 

8.85 
6.75 
9.90 

7.84 
9.72 

12.21 
12. 03 
13.03 

9.66 
10.27 
11.02 

9.31 
9.28 
10.61 


Tons.^ 
1,138,003 
1,004,328 
1,037,283 

1,840,653 

1,641,861 

957, 142 

222,612 
170,619 
206,367 

955,242 

838, 784 
1, 443, 856 

240, 435 
263,005 

481,863 
445, 130 
442,310 

114,000 
207,085 
256, 124 

666,654 
653,565 
719, 251 


Dnlls. 
6.10 
6.46 
5.54 

5.67 
5.96 
5.55 

4.99 
5.18 
5.02 

5.93 
6.69 
5.74 

5.34 
5.31 

4.81 
4.90 
4.81 

5.80 
5.84 
5.51 

5.66 
5.82 

5.48 


P.cl. 

18.04 
18.79 
18.95 

14.92 
16.19 
15.44 

16.24 
17.37 
16.65 

15.82 
14.72 
14.59 

14.46 
13.95 

15.07 
16.37 
15.98 

14.10 
15. 10 
14.23 

14.99 
16.37 
1.5. 16 


P.ct. 
86.26 
83.99 
82.04 

84.01 
84.81 
81.22 

86.35 
88.01 
88.26 

82.61 
83.75 
80.00 

82. 95 
81.36 

83.86 
86.29 
86.10 

'si'si' 

81.00 

81.89 
83.89 
84.51 


P.cl. 
15. 05 
15.82 
15.55 

12.46 
13. 16 
13.04 

13. 31 

14.51 
12.95 

12.82 
11.33 
8.69 

11.93 

10. 84 

12.08 
13.38 
12.95 

11.01 
11.23 
9.23 

12.36 
13.23 
11.16 


Lhx. 
.301 
310 
311 

249 
283 
261 

266 
290 
259 

256 
227 
174 

239 


1912 .-. 

Utah: 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Wisconsin: 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Other States:* 

1913 

1912 .-.. 

1911^ 


217 

242 
168 
259 

220 
225 
185 

247 
265 
22i 


United States: 

1913.. 

1912 

1911 


71 
73 

66 


85 
86 
94 


733, 401 
692, 556 
599, 500 


580,006 
555,300 
473, 877 


9.76 
9.41 
10.68 


5, 659, 462 
5,224,377 
5, 062, :333 


5.34 

5.82 
5. .50 


15.78 
16.31 
15.89 


83.22 
84.49 
82.21 


12.96 
13.26 
11.84 


259 

265 
237 



1 Based upon weight of beets. 

2 Percentage of sucrose (pure sugar) in the total soluble solids of the beets. 

3 Short tons (2,000 pounds). 

« The 10 factories in "Other States" in 1912 and 1913 were located as follows: Indiana, 1; Illinois, 1; Min- 
nesota, 1; Iowa, 1: Nebraska, 2; Kansas, 1; Montana, 1: Nevada, 1; and Arizona, 1. 
5 Including Ohio iu 1911. 

About 2,500 pounds of refined sugar are yielded on an average by 
an acre of beets, and for each ton of beets the average for the past 
three years has ranged from 237 to 265 pounds of refined sugar. 

Sugar beets yielded during the past three years from 9.41 to 10.68 
short tons per acre, and were worth from $52.12 to $58.74 per acre. 

The average output per factory increased from 9,083 short tons of 
sugar in 1911-12 to 10,330 short tons in 1913-14. The average quan- 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



11 



titj of beets used by each factory ranged from 71,567 to 79,711 tons, 
and the area from which each factory drew its supply of beets ranged 
from 7,180 to 8,168 acres. 

Table 2. — Average re^sults per acre and per factory in the beet-sugar industry of the United 

States. 1911-1913. 





Average 
yield, 

beets per 
acre. 


Avemge^sugar ^^^^^ p„ ,,,,,^^. ! Avera^ejarm value 


Year of beet harvest. 


Per short 
ton of 
beets. 


Per acre 
of beets. 


Areahar- Beets 
vested. used. 


S ^>rt<.n. 


Per acre. 


1913 


Tons.i 
9.76 
9.41 
10. 68 


Pounds. 
259 
265 
237 


Pounds. 
2,517 
2,496 
2,529 


Acres. 
8,168 
7, 607 
7,180 


Tons.^ 
79,711 

71,567 
76, 702 


10,330 
9, 4S7 
9,08:} 


Dollars. 
5.34 

5.S2 
5. .50 


Dollars. 
52. 12 


1912.. 


54.77 


1911 


58.74 







1 Short tons (2,000 pounds). 
SOURCES OF SUGAR SUPPLY. 

The total amount of sugar produced within the United States 
proper from the crops of 1913 exceeded 1,000,000 tons. In the 
previous year, owing to tlie crop failure in Louisiana, the sugar pro- 
duction of the United States proper was only about 855,000 tons, 
and two years ago this production amounted to 960,000 tons. 

The average consumption of sugar in the United States for the two 
fiscal years beginning 1911 and 1912 was about 4,000,000 short tons. 
Of this amount 45 per cent in the first year and 55 per cent in the 
second consisted of foreign sugar, while 30 and 24 per cent, respec- 
tively, represented sugar received from Hawaii, Porto Rico, and the 
Philippine Islands; the sugar of domestic production constituted 25 
and 20 per cent, respectively, of the total supply. Domestic beet 
sugar constituted in 1911-12, 15 per cent of the total supply, and in 
1912-13, 16 per cent, while Louisiana cane sugar was represented in 
the former year by 9 and in the latter by 4 per cent of the total supply 
of all sugar in the United States for those years. 

Taking the total domestic production as a basis, beet sugar con- 
stituted, in 1913-14, 71 per cent and cane sugar 29 per cent. In 
1912-13 and 1911-12 beet sugar formed 81 and 62 per cent, respec- 
tively, of the total domestic production, while cane sugar formed 19 
and 38 per cent, respectively. Of the total domestic production of 
the past three years, 71 per cent consisted of beet sugar and 29 per 
cent cane. It is to be understood that in this paragraph domestic 
production refers to the United States proper and does not include 
any of the insular possessions. 



12 



FARMERS BULLETIN 598. 



Table 3. — Quantity and sources of the sugar supply of the United States. 
[In tons of 2,000 pounds.] 



Domestic production. 



Year beginning July 1. 



1913 
1912 
1911 



Beet 

sugar 

(chiefly 

refined). 



Tons. 
733, 401 
692, 556 
599,500 



Cane sugar (chiefly 
raw). 



Louisi- 
ana. 



Texas.' 



Total do- 
mestic pro- 
duction. 



Tons. 
292, 698 
153,573 
352, 874 



Tons. 
7,000 
9,000 
8,000 



Tons. 
1,033,099 
855,129 
960, 374 



Received 

from 

Hawaii, 

Porto Rico, 

and 

Philippine 

Islands ^ 

(chiefly 

raw). 



Ton^. 



1,018,979 
1,178,058 



Imports 

from 

foreign 

countries, 

less 
exports 
(chiefly 

raw). 



Tons. 



2,346,027 
1,792,646 



Retained 
and re- 
ceived for 
consump- 
tion. 



Tons. 



4,220,135 
3,931,078 



1 Estimate of AVillet and Gray. 

' Less shipments (chiefly refined sugar) from the United States to these possessions. 

FINAL RETURNS FOR THE HAWAIIAN SUGAR CAMPAIGN OF 1912-13. 

The production of sugar in Hawaii during the year ending Septem- 
ber 30, 1913, amounted to 546,524 short tons, which was about 49,000 
less than the year before and 28,000 less than in 1910-11. 

The average }deld of cane per acre was the lowest in the past tliree 
years, amounting, however, to 39 tons; and the total cane crushed for 
sugar equaled 4,476,000 short tons. The area harvested in 1912-13 
was greater than in the preceding year, but less than in 1910-11. 
In Hawaii about 18 months are usually required for a crop of cane 
to mature. 

The average yields per acre in the sugar-crop reports of this Bureau 
apply only to areas whose crops were used in sugar making in the 
campaign to which averages refer. 



Table 4. 



-Final returns for the Hawaiian sugar campaign ending Sept. 30, 191.3, and 
comparison with two preceding ca7npaigns. 





Facto- 
ries 
in 

opera- 
tion. 


Average 
length 

of cam- 
paign. 


Sugar 

made 

(chiefly 

raw). 


Cane used for sugar. 


Average extraction of sugar. 


Island, and 

year ending 

Sept. 30. 


Area har- 
vested. 


Average 
yield 
per 
acre. 


Produc- 
tion. 


Per cent 
of cane. 


Per 

short 
ton of 
cane. 


Per 
acre of 
cr,ne. 


Hawaii: 

1913 *.. 

1912 

1911 


No. 
24 
24 

26 

9 
9 
9 

7 

7 

10 
10 
8 


Days. 
170 

204 


Tons.^ 
197,212 
209,914 
198, 830 

100, 340 
96,845 
100,667 

124,820 
148,740 
139, 894 

124, 152 
139, 539 
135, 087 


Acres. 
53, 600 
52, 900 
53,400 

20.800 
18,900 
21,200 

19,700 
19,400 
22, 500 

20,500 
21,800 
19,900 


32 
34 
33 

42 

43 
43 

47 
55 
50 

49 
50 
52 


7'ows.i 
1,703,000 
1,799,000 
1,744,000 

841,000 
807,000 
919,000 

929,000 
1,074,000 
1,133,000 

1,003,000 
1,094,000 
l,a39,000 


Per cent. 
11.58 
11.67 
11.40 

11.93 
12.00 
10. 95 

13. 44 
13. 85 
12. 35 

12. .38 
12.75 
13.00 


Pounds. 
232 
233 
228 

239 
240 
219 

269 
277 
247 

248 
255 
260 


Pounds. 
7,364 
7,936 
7,447 


Kauai: 

1913 

1912 

1911 


198 
206 


9, 605 
10,248 
9,497 


Maui: 

1913 

1912 

1911 


152 
192 


12,684 
1.5,334 
12,435 


Oahu: 

1913 

1312 

1911 


157 
200 


12, 153 
12,802 
13,577 










Territory of 
Hawaii: 

1913 

1912 

1911 


50 
50 
50 


169 
200 


546, 524 
595,038 
574,478 


114,600 
113,000 
117,000 


39 
42 
41 


4,476,000 
4,774,000 
4,835,000 


12.21 
12. 40 
11.88 


244 
249 
238 


9,. 544 
10, 532 
9,820 









1 Short tons (2,000 pounds). 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



13 



ACREAGE AND YIELD OF COTTON IN 1913. 

The Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, has made a revision of its preUminary estimates 
of cotton acreage last year (1913), based upon results of a special 
investigation and the report of the Bureau of the Census of the quan- 
tity of cotton ginned in the past season. The revision indicates that 
the area planted to cotton (in cultivation at the end of Juns, 1913) 
was about 37,458,000 acres, instead of 35,622,000 as reported last July. 
The revised estimated will be used by ths Bureau of Statistics as a 
basis in making its cotton acreage estimates this year. The yield of 
cotton per acre in 1913 is estimated at 182 pounds, as compared 
with 190.9 pounds in 1912, 207.7 pounds in 1911, 170.7 pounds in 
1910, and 154.3 j^ounds in 1909. The area picked in 1913 was about 
37,089,000 acres. 

Details by States for 1913 are given in Table 5, as follows: 

Taj3LE 5. — Cotton acreage and yield per acre, 191.3, hy States. 



Area 

planted 

I (in eultivii- 1 

tion end of i 

I June, 1913), 

revised. 



Area 

picked, 

1913. 



Yield per 
acre, 1913. 



Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina . . . . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Missotu"! 

Oklahoma 

California 

United State; 



Acres. 

48.000 
1,. 589, 000 

2, 798, 000 
5,345,000 

192, 000 

3, 798, 000 
3,117,000 
1,263,000 

12, 686, 000 

2, 527, 000 

866, 000 

113,000 

3, 102, 000 

14,000 



37, 458, 000 



Acres. 

47,000 
1,576,000 

2, 790, 000 
5,318,000 

188,000 

3, 760, 000 
3,067,000 
1,244,000 

12,597,000 

2,502,000 

865, 000 

112,000 

3,009,000 

14,000 



Pounds. 
240 
239 
235 
208 
150 
190 
204 
170 
150 
205 
210 
286 
132 
500 



37, 089, 000 



182.0 



BASIS FOR INTERPRETING CROP CONDITION REPORTS. 

The equivalent of 100 per cent of a normal condition in terms of 
prospective yield per acre, for crops in the United States, is esti- 
mated as follows, tlie figures being based primarily on averages of 
the last five years, with modification where such averages are un- 
duly influenced by abnormal 3'ears. The approximate yield per 
acre indicated by tlie condition report of any month is obtained by 
multiplymg the equivalent of 100, as given below, by the condition 
percentage. For example, if the condition of corn on October 1 be 
reported 75 per cent of normal, the indicated yield per acre would be 



14 



FARMERS BULLETIN 598. 



35X0.75 = 26.25 bushels. A brief statement relating to the inter- 
pretation of crop condition figures was published in the Crop Re- 
porter for July, 1911. 

Table 6. — Estimated equivalent in yield per acre of 100 condition. 



Estimated equivalent in prospective yield of a condition of 
100 (normal) on — 







May 1. 


June 1. 


July 1. 


Aug. 1. 


Sept. 1. 


Oct. 1. 


Corn 


bushpls.. 






31.8 
19.7 
16.6 
18.6 
37.1 
,30.2 
18.5 


3:;. 5 


34.7 


35.0 


W inter wbeat 


do.... 

dc... 


l!> 6 


19.5 
15.3 
18.0 
35.4 

28.6 
18.4 






17.4 


18.0 




All wheat 


do.... 






Oats 


do.... 




37.9 
31.3 


38.4 
31.9 




Barley 


do .. 






Rye 


do.... 

do.... 


18.3 




Buckwheat 


23.8 

124 

1,006 

10.6 

38.5 

1.65 

234 


24.7 

129 

1,021 

11.0 

38. 8 


25.6 


Potatoes 


do.... 






115 

965 

10.1 

38.5 

1.70 

232 


132 


Tobacco 


pounds. . 






1,004 


Fla.v 


bushels.. 






11.3 


Bice 


do.... 






39. 2 


Hay 


tons . . 




l.fi2 
232 




Cotton 


pounds 




260 


280 











FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table 7. — Crop conditions in Florida and California. 





Florida. 


California. 


Crop. 


Condition May 1— 


Condi- 
tion 

Apr. 1, 
1914. 


Condition May 1 — 


Condi- 
tion 




1914 


1913 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1912 


Apr. 1, 
1914. 


Pineapples 


80 
95 


95 
90 


89 
96 
90 
90 
98 
85 
60 
80 
86 
84 


80 
102 

"'""ioo' 

101 

85 
82 










Oranges 


95 
92 


70 

5e 


92 
90 


98 


Lemons 


94 


Limes 


95 
96 
80 
55 
86 
85 
80 


90 

88 
70 
48 
90 
84 
81 




Grapefruit 










Peaclies 










Pears 










Strawberries i 










AVatermelons 












Cantaloupes 












Apricots 




80 
89 
96 


61 

48 
90 


78 
92 
90 




Almonds 












Cauliflower i 












Velvet beans 


86 
77 
90 
85 
85 










Tomatoes 


81 

87 
87 
83 


87 
80 

84 
83 


80 










Cabbages i 










Potatoes 


92 










Cowpeas 























Production compared with a full crop. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 

Table 8. — Winter wheat and rye; acreage, condition, forecast, and prices on dates indicated. 





Winter wheat. 


Rye. 




Acreage. 


Condition 
May 1. 


B 



" 

a 
It? 

£S 




11 

_§ 

.5 


Price 
May 1. 


Condition 
May 1. 


< 
1 

§ 



Price 
May 1. 


State. 


S o 
S3 


' 0; 

isl 
hi 

< 


•7* 


a: 


S 

%. as 

c3 a 


en 


bi 


01 


1. 

v. M 
1 


■* 

S 




Vermont 






P.c. 


p.c. 


P.c. 


Bush. 


Bush. 


Cts. 


as. 


P.c. 
95 
95 
94 
92 
93 

94 
90 
92 
94 
93 

92 
89 
90 
95 
95 

96 
93 
92 
93 
96 

95 
92 
93 
92- 
95 

95 
93 
90 


P.C. 

91 
91 
94 
88 
92 

90 
91 
91 
91 
90 

91 

87 
89 
85 
88 

90 
86 
91 
89 
93 

90 
87 
91 
90 
87 

88 
88 
87 


P.c. 

98 
96 
94 
94 
91 

94 
90 
91 
95 
93 

92 
89 
92 
96 
96 

97 
91 

87 
88 
93 

96 
87 
88 
92 
95 

94 
93 
91 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Ma-ssachusetts.. 




















94 

100 

75 

76 

75 
76 
70 

83 

82 

99 
172 
122 
71 
62 

63 
62 
55 
49 
61 

70 
42 
53 
56 
70 

82 
94 
129 


63 


Connecticut 




















88 


New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virguiia 

West Virginia.. 

North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 

Georgia 

Ohio 


1.0 
4.5 

2.0 
2.0 
1.5 
1.9 
2.0 

2.6 
3.0 
3.0 
1.3 
1.3 

2.0 
2.3 
5.0 
8.0 
2.0 

1.4 


360,000 
- 79,000 

1,312,000 
114,000 
612,000 
779,000 
236,000 

611,000 
80,000 

140,000 
2,090,000 
2,485,000 

2,576,000 
879,000 
85,000 
41,000 
479,000 

2,549,000 


95 
93 

94 
94 
94 
95 
95 

92 

88 
90 
96 
98 

97 
92 
89 
89 
95 

99 


92 
95 

94 
95 
95 
95 
92 

93 
84 
89 
91 
91 

94 
83 
89 


87 
90 

90 
91 
91 
91 

88 

90 
8.5 
87 
80 
81 

8:3 

80 
88 


7,500 
1,400 

23,400 
1,900 
9,900 

10,000 
3,200 

6,500 
900 

1,600 
38, 900 
45,500 

47.500 
15. 800 
1,600 


6,800 
1,408 

21,862 
1,6.38 
8,113 

10,608 
3,055- 

7,078 
972 

1,708 
35.100 
39, 775 

41.888 

12, 770 

1,749 

810 

10,530 

39,586 


99 
101 

96 
96 
94 
101 
100 

112 
125 
122 
92 
91 

86 
90 
84 

8;3 

80 
86 


101 
96 

100 
100 
103 
105 
105 

113 
122 
120 
102 
97 

93 
100 
82 
80 
80 

95 


73 
75 

77 
69 
72 
81 
89 

96 
181 
120 

69 


Indiana 

Illinois 


62 
58 


Michigau 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 


56 
54 
51 


Iowa 


93 
95 


89 
86 


11,100 
44,200 


64 


Missouri 

North Dakota.. 


77 

47 


South Dakota.. 


14.0 
4.0 
4.5 

2.3 
2.0 
8.0 
15.0 
5.0 

3.0 

2.5 
5.0 

4.0 
8.0 

7.0 
5.0 
3.0 
4.5 

2.0 
4.5 
2.0 
5.0 


69,000 
3,123,000 
7,950,000 

745,000 

709.000 

31,000 

1,000 

1,082,000 

2,405,000 

105,000 

481,000 

41,000 

194,000 

42,000 

31,000 

223,000 

18,000 

339,000 

1,201,000 

622,000 

408,000 


88 
94 
96 

98 
97 
92 
90 
90 

96 
97 
96 
96 
95 

93 
94 
99 
97 

99 
98 
102 
95 








900 
58,125 
86,515 

9,860 

8,400 

374 

14 

13,650 

17, .500 
1,313 

12,288 
1,000 
4,220 

651 

928 

4,600 

368 

8.494 
32, 400 
12,305 

4,200 


76 

75 
80 

96 
102 
123 
92 
93 

83 

89 
73 
80 
78 

92 

112 

77 

91 

73 
80 
82 
93 


76 
74 
79 

102 
107 
112 


54 


Nebraska 


97 
91 

91 
92 
90 
90 

78 

89 
95 
92 
97 
94 

85 
90 
90 
90 

95 
95 
92 
62 


87 
82 

87 

88 
88 
86 
79 

82 
87 
94 
94 
90 

■93" 
98 

96 
94 
96 
80 


63.100 
132,000 

10,200 

8,600 

400 

"i5,'666" 

35,500 

1,300 

12,900 

1,100 

4,800 

900 

900 

5,500 

400 

10,100 

33,000 

15.200 

7,800 


53 

65 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 


87 
100 
101 


Texas 


90 

78 
92 
68 
85 
73 

90 
115 

77 
100 

73 
79 

77 
94 


88 

97 
96 
97 
97 
94 


78 

84 
87 
96 
96 
91 


81 

97 
93 
94 
97 
92 


99 

80 

89 
75 
60 

67 


102 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 


70 
cQ 

62 
55 

54 


Arizona 












Utah 


97 


96 


96 


55 


60 


Nevada 




Idaho . . 


98 

98 

100 

100 


96 
94 
96 

88 


97 
100 

98 
100 


75 

""so' 

92 


73 


Washington 

Oregon . 


55 

75 


California 


90 


United States 


3.1 


35,387,000 


95.9 91.9 |85.5 


630,000 


523,561 


8.3.9 


80.9 


93.4 


89.4 


91.3 


62.9 


62.4 



16 



FAKMEES BULLETIN 598. 



Table 9. — Hay — Stock and price of old crop, condition and forecast of meadows. May 1; 
amount fed on farms where produced, 1914, with comparisons. 













Hay. 








State. 


Quantity on farms May 1 
(000 omitted). 


Price 
May 1— 


Per cent fed 
to stock 
owned on 
farms pro- 
ducing it. 


Meadows: 

Condition 

May 1. 


Yield per acre. 




1914 


1913 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 
(indi- 
ca- 
ted). 


1913 
(fi- 
nal). 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Maine.... 

New Hampshire 


P.ct.^ 
11 
10 
10 
11 
18 

12 
12 
17 
16 
14 

12 
12 
10 
14 
18 

22 
17 
12 
13 
12 

12 
15 
13 
13 

8 

13 
13 
10 
6 
13 

15 
17 
17 
14 
16 

7 

13 
18 
12 
12 

9 
10 

8 
13 

9 
10 
10 
11 


Tons. 
131 
50 
128 
63 
12 

52 
643 

80 
663 

13 

59 
114 
92 
59 
44 

77 

11 

462 

234 

294 

302 

577 
324 
577 
144 

50 

72 

168 
81 
88 

163 
49 
50 
34 
74 

27 
50 
214 
109 
219 

36 
54 
73 

84 

184 
179 
173 
396 


Tons. 
186 
88 
182 
77 
8 

57 
826 

83 
817 

16 

92 
107 
144 
53 
38 

54 
7 
684 
465 
523 

541 
504 
407 
891 
704 

82 
114 
202 
317 
180 

219 
47 
56 
33 
70 

58 
67 
170 
146 
286 

57 
27 
102 
123 

194 
171 
209 
344 


Tons. 
148 
47 
92 
41 
5 

25 
337 

41 

242 

4 

20 
36 

18 
43 
46 

52 
7 
196 
146 
191 

222 
243 
142 
200 
123 

51 
11 
49 
66 
80 

111 
44 
48 
23 
30 

13 
41 

109 
34 

110 

51 

8 

61 

68 

208 
231 
192 
438 

4, 744 


Dolls. 
14.00 
17.50 
14.40 
20.70 
21.00 

20.00 
15.00 
19. 00 
15.00 
16.70 

16.00 
15.50 
16. 30 
18.30 
18.60 

18.50 
17.00 
12.80 
13.40 
14.00 

12.40 
10.50 
6.70 
10.00 
14.50 

6.50 
6.60 
8.50 
12.30 
17.10 

18.00 
16.20 
13.70 
12.60 
12.00 

11.50 
14.80 
7.90 
8.00 
9.50 

14.00 
8.50 
9.20 
9.60 

7.90 
11.90 

9.60 
10. 50 


DolU. 
13. 90 
16.00 
13. 50 
20.00 
21.40 

20.70 
13. 20 
18. 00 
13. 40 
14.00 

11.80 
14.50 
14.20 
16. 70 
20.00 

18.70 
18.50 
10.70 
10.40 
11.60 

9.60 
10.30 
6.50 
8. 90 
9.70 

5.70 
5.70 
7.40 
7.50 
14.00 

14.80 
14.60 
11.30 
12.00 
11.10 

7.50 
12.80 
8.90 
6.80 
8.30 

11.70 
11.00 
9.00 
10.00 

7.00 
12.00 

8.30 
15. 90 


P.ct. 

78 
88 
89 
86 
85 

82 
73 
70 
71 
75 

74 
81 
85 
87 
83 

85 
85 
67 
71 
75 

70 
77 
72 
80 
80 

78 
85 
SO 
80 

77 

76 
81 
85 
70 
74 

70 
75 
60 
70 
66 

58 
67 
74 
65 

59 
62 
68 
48 


P.ct. 
73 

85 
85 
80 
85 

84 
73 
70 
69 
75 

71 
80 
81 
84 
83 

85 
78 
63 
66 
68 

67 
81 
75 
80 
73 

75 
82 
80 
77 
71 

74 
81 
80 
75 
75 

73 
75 
68 
70 
63 

50 
67 
72 
60 

55 
66 
67 
54 


P.ct. 
93 
91 
95 
89 
94 

92 
88 
90 
89 
86 

87 
88 
92 
87 

85 

86 
84 
92 
91 
88 

85 
91 
89 
91 
88 

86 
90 
93 
85 
93 

93 

88 
89 
90 
94 

86 
91 
93 
98 
96 

94 
100 

98 
97 

98 
99 
99 
100 


P.ct. 
94 
91 
94 
91 
90 

91 

88 
90 
88 
88 

86 

87 
89 
88 
86 

88 

85 

86 

• 87 

' 88 

84 
87 
85 
88 
88 

82 
84 

88 
86 
89 

89 
86 
87 
89 
85 

87 
89 
92 
95 
93 

88 
92 
95 
96 

95 
94 
96 

86 


Tons. 
1.12 
1.11 
1.33 
1.20 
1.18 

1.20 
1.20 
1.33 
1.34 
1.33 

1.30 
1.23 
1.29 
1.30 
1.19 

1.38 
1.30 
1.44 
1.34 
1.25 

1.28 
1.55 
1.56 
1.46 
1.14 

1.29 
1.35 
1.40 
1.28 
1.30 

1.40 
1.50 
1.56 

1.71 
1.41 

1.08 
1.36 
1.86 
2.25 
2.30 

2.54 
3.50 
2.94 
2.91 

3.04 
2.38 
2.23 
2.05 


Tons. 
1.00 
1.00 
1.28 
1.21 
1.17 

1.14 
1.14 
1.30 
1.32 
1.30 

1.26 
1.27 
1.25 
1.31 
1.16 

1.40 
1.35 
1.30 
1.00 
.98 

1.05 
1.62 
1.50 
1.48 
.60 

1.14 

1.20 

1.34 

.90 

.87 

1.21 
1.36 
1.33 
1.50 
1.16 

.85 
1.20 
1.80 
1.90 
2.05 

2.08 
4.00 
2.33 
2.75 

2.90 
2.30 
2.10 
1.50 


Tom. 
1.12 
1.11 
1.32 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 


1.23 
1.17 

1.17 
1.22 


New Jersey 

Peimsylv;mia 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


1.34 
1.35 
1.37 

1.30 
1.22 
1.30 
1.44 
1.30 

1.50 
1.36 
1.36 
1.28 
1.25 

1.28 
1.48 
1.54 
1.41 
1.14 

1.27 
1.29 
1.40 
1.30 
1.25 

1.42 




1.59 


Mississippi 


1.57 
1.74 


Texas. . 


1.41 


Oklahoma 


1.18 


Arkansas 


1.40 




1.80 


AVyoniing 


2.18 




2.29 


New Mexico 


2.35 
3.27 


Utah 


2.89 




2.57 




2.94 


Washmgton 


2.27 
2.11 




1.77 










United States 


12.2 


7,832 


10,828 


12.32 


11.13 


72. 2 71. 2 


90.9 


88.1 


1.46 


1.31 


1.40 



1 Per cent of 1913 crop. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



17 



Table 10.- 



-Condition of pastures, and percentage of plowing and planting done hij May 1, 
1914, and condition of honeybees 1914, with comparisons. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

G eorgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska — 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah :... 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States .. 



Spring pasture, 

condition 

May 1. 



1914 1913 



P,c. 
90 

87 
92 
87 
86 

84 
82 
86 
85 
83 

85 
84 
91 

84 
82 

86 

84 
90 
90 

87 

82 
91 

87 
90 
86 

SO 

88 
89 
80 
89 

91 
87 
89 
91 
94 

So 
90 
91 
98 
94 

90 
92 
98 
97 

97 
99 
100 
101 



88. 3 



P.c. 
90 
96 
91 
93 
93 

92 
89 
93 
89 
91 

90 

88 
85 
84 
83 

85 
87 
87 
89 



10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 



87.1 



P.c 
93 



85.6 



Spring plowing, 

percentage 
done by May 1. 



Spring plant- 
ing, percentage 
done by May 1 



1914 



P.c. 
55 
32 
50 
30 
40 

29 
41 
52 
51 
61 

59 
75 
60 
76 
82 



1913 



70.9 



P.c. 
28 
35 
53 
43 
52 

39 

58 
68 
73 
67 

68 
86 
78 
81 

82 

84 
90 
62 
52 
45 

43 
65 
68 
58 
56 

46 
60 
53 
62 

72 



10- 




year 


1914 


aver- 




age. 




P.c. 


P.c. 


22 


3 


26 


4 


38 


4 


32 


12 


47 


28 


37 


15 


45 


9 


64 


39 


71 


25 


74 


30 


76 


27 


81 


45 


72 


36 


84 


58 


85 


75 


83 


74 


77 


80 


66 


32 


56 


37 


54 


43 


44 


33 


61 


43 


56 


60 


63 


56 


61 


50 


43 


45 


61 


62 


61 


52 


6S 


55 


70 


40 


74 


54 


81 


74 


78 


72 


86 


73 


90 


75 


S4 


73 


76 


64 


67 


59 


64 


45 


67 


56 


72 


61 


81 


84 


75 


7S 


So 


70 


73 


70 


77 


81 


82 


76 


83 


85 


66.6 


56.4 



1913 



year 
aver- 



P.c. P.c 
6 
12 
16 
21 
42 



Honeybees. 



Number 

of colonies 

comijared 

with— 



Last 
year. 



99 
96 
98 
96 
99 

92 
103 
103 

98 
101 

100 
100 
101 
103 
100 

98 
103 
108 
115 
100 

103 
105 
105 
115 
93, 

105 
115 
97 
90 
110 

115 
105 
95 
96 
112 

110 
100 
110 
110 
120 

115 
110 
105 
105 

130 
105 
108 
93 



Usu- 
al. 



Condition 
of bees 

compared 
with — 



Last 
year. 



Nor- 
mal. 



Condition 
of nectar 

plants 
compared 

with— 



Last 
year. 



18 



farmers' bulletin 598. 



Table 11. — Prices to producers of agricultural products May 1, 1914 and 1913. 
[Cotton in cents per pound; other products, cents per tushcl.] 



State. 


Cora. 


Oats. 


Barley. 


Buck- 

wlieat. 


Potatoes. 


Sd^ ! cotton. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 1013 




Cts. 
79 
80 

77 

78 

109 

SO 
SO 
80 
75 
72 

73 
87 
87 
96 
100 

95 
87 
68 
64 
63 

6^ 
01 
54 
59 
76 

56 
57 
65 
75 
82 

84 
95 
83 
81 
89 

84 


Cts. 
68 
70 
68 
66 

100 

63 
66 
66 
65 
00 

61 
75 
71 
84 
92 

94 
93 
53 
51 

51 

■■4 
52 
45 
45 
55 

49 
43 
47 
52 
66 

69 
84 
79 
79 
69 

52 

74 
58 
50 

70 
100 
69 

78 

75 
80 


CtB. 

58 
55 
54 
50 
32 

50 
49 
50 
47 
60 

51 
53 
50 
63 
66 

64 
69 
40 
3S 
37 

41 
37 
32 
34 

45 

30 
34 
37 
45 
54 

55 
66 
59 
59 
50 

48 
53 
39 
50 
49 

60 
65 
40 
52 

35 
40 
38 
52 


Cts. 
50 
50 
50 
49 
32 

44 
44 
42 
45 
40 

46 
52 
51 
59 
61 

63 
70 
34 
33 
31 

34 
33 
28 
30 
39 

2j 
29 
33 
39 
48 

51 
59 
62 


Cts. 
80 

"87' 


Cts. 
80 
90 
85 


Cts. 
61 
75 
86 
86 


Cts. 

70 
75 
80 

77 


Cts. 
64 
85 
77 
96 
93 

89 
82 
82 
85 
99 

88 
99 
97 
131 

119 
139 

83 
84 
89 

57 
52 
51 
93 
101 

60 

90 
101 
104 

115 

118 
112 
100 
119 

107 
111 
75 
78 
57 

110 
1!5 
60 

78 

48 
42 


Cts. 
40 
73 
67 
75 
76 

59 
69 
53 
73 

53 
74 
69 
83 
145 

104 
129 
52 

48 
60 

32 

28 
26 
49 
72 

28 
36 
53 

72 
65 

83 
115 
105 
110 
108 

89 
97 
44 
70 
30 

70 

m 

43 
35 

30 

39 


Cts. 


CU. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


New Hampshire 






























100 
















100 
83 
81 
74 
70 

76 
87 
78 
80 


100 

71 
72 
70 

"ss' 

76 
92 












73 


72 






















65 


60 






















63 
69. 


60 
67 
















12.5 


11.9 




















12.6 
12.7 

12.9 
15.0 


11.2 












11.7 
















11 7 


Florida 














14.0 


Ohio 


61 
53 
51 

57 
53 
44 
49 


60 
61 
45 

62 
50 
42 
51 


76 
85 
100 

67 
72 
70 
73 


65' 
81 

85 

67 
64 
60 
85 
110 




































129 
138 
120 
120 

136 
125 
120 
124 


138 

116 
130 
120 

112 
117 
117 
1-/5 




















11.5 


9.5 




37 

45 
51 
55 
62 

82 


36 
42 
41 
40 
70 

85 














































Tennessee 


75 


73 






12.3 
12.7 
12.5 


11.9 
11.6 
















11.9 




54 
43 

43 
52 
41 
38 
39 

40 

70 
44 
58 

34 
41 
42 
52 

34.2 














11.8 
11.6 

10.9 
11.3 


11.8 


Texas 


75 


60 

45 










11.5 


Oklahoma,. . 










11 2 








11.7 




65 
70 
59 

"67" 
57 
71 

47 
55 
55 
56 

49.3 


49 
70 
51 

44 
75 
52 
86 

50 
45 
56 
63 

48.3 








113 


















68 

100 
115 

70 
112 

76 
76 
69 
89 










































Utah . . 




























































37 S 20 
65 42 


1 


i 






1 


1 




77.3 


71.4 








United states 


72.1 


56.8 


.39.5 


71.4 


48.2 


134. 7 


114. 3 


12.2 


11.6 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



19 



Table 12. — Prices to producers of agricultural jxroducts on dates indicated. 
[Butter, chickens, and wool, in cents per pound; eggs, cents per dozen; livestock, dollars per ICO pounds.] 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire . 
Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New \ork 

New Jersej- 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Mainland 

Virginia 

"West Virginia 

North CaroUna. . . 
South Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

IlUnois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nel)raska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alal>ama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

AVyoniing 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States. 



May 1. 



Butter. 



Eggs. Chickens. 



23.8 



Cts. 
31 
32 
35 
36 
38 

38 
33 
36 
33 
2 

28 
25 
26 
24 
26 

25 
35 
26 
24 
26 



1913 



Cts 

22 
23 
20 
26 
21 

25 

20 
21 

18 
IS 

17 

16! 
18! 
16; 
20 

18 
22' 
17 
16 
16j 

18 
17 
16' 
16i 

16 

14 
15 
15i 
15j 

15 

15 
16 

15 

1 

14l 
15 
18' 
19{ 
191 



1914 1913 



Cts. Cts. 
20 15.0 
20 15.9 



13.8 
17.6 
17. 

17.2 
16.0 
17.1 
14.8 
14.5 

16.1 
15.0 
13.4 
12.5 
15.0 

13.7 

16.0 

13.2 

12. 

12.2 

12.8 
12.5 
11.0 
10.7 
12.2 

10.2 
9.3 
10.6 
10.7 
12.0 

12.0 
12.5 
12.5 
12.9 
10.0 



13 10.4 

14 10.8 
22 1.3.0 
20 11. 
18j 12.8 

19' 1.3.8 



17.0 
13.1 
22.0 



19 10.1 

19 14.6 

20 13.9 
18 15.0 



16.8 16.1! 12.5 



Cts 

14. 

15.2 

13.4 

17.5 

18.0 

17.0 
15.0 
17.4 
14.0 
16.0 

16.0 
14. 4 
12.2 
11.0 
12.7 

12.7 
15.6 
12.5 
11.7 
11.7 

12.1 
11.7 
10.2 
10.4 
11.5 

10.0 
9.0 
10.1 
10.4 
11.4 

11.6 
11. S 
11.8 
12.8 
9.0 

10.0 
10.0 
13.9 
12.3 
13.0 

12.2 
15.4 
13.5 
22.5 



Apr. 15. 



Hogs. 



1914 



$7.90 
9.20 
7.90 
8.70 
9.60 

9.60 
8.00 
9.0O 
8.70 
8.60 

8.10 
7.00 
8.00 
S.OO 
7.80i 



1913 



11 

14.2 

12 

13.9 



11. S 



58.00 
8.50 
7.90 
9.10 
8.30 

8.50 

8.20 

8, 

8.50 

8.80 

8.50 
7.80 
8.00 
7.70 
7.60 



7.80; 7.10 
6. 10 5. 60 
8. 30; 8. 70 
8. 40 8. 70 
8.10 8.50 



8.10 
S.OO 
7.80 
8.10 
7.80 

7.20 
7.60 
7.90 
7.90 
7.80 

7.30 
7.20 
6.40 
6.50 
7.30 

7.60 
6.40 
7. CO 
7.70 
7.70 

7.90 
7.70 
7.10 
8.90 



.50 



7. .50 
S.OO 



8.50 
8.30 
8.10 
8.50 
8.10 

7.40 
8.00 
8.20 
8.30 
7.80 

7.10 
7.00 
6.20 
5.40 
7.30 

8.00 
6.20 
7.90 
7.40 
7.90 

8.10 

7.50 
7.30 
8.90 



7.50 
8.10 
7.70 
7.20 



7.94 



Beef 

cattle. 



Veal <3..,„^„ 

calves. Sneep. 



$7.00 
7.60 
5.50 
6.90 
8.50 

6.60 
5.40 
7.50 
7.40 
6.40 

7.20 
6.30 
6.60 
5.00 
4.70 

4.50 
4.70 
7.10 
7.00 
7.00 

6.40 
5.70 
6.00 
7.40 
6.90 



S7. 60 $7. 80 S8. 40 
6. 90 8. 50 8. 10 
5.00 7.40 7.00 
6.00 9.10 9.00 
6.8010.00 8.30 



1914 



$4.50 
5.90 
3.90 



1913 



$4.20 
5.70 
4.10 



8.OO1IO.OO1 9.00 6.00 
4.30 
4.60 
5.80 
4.80 



6.90 
7.20 
6.10 

6.50 
6. 00 
6.00 



9.70 
8.80 
9.70 

8.90 
8.20 
8.00 



4.40 6.00 
4.30 5.50 



4.10 
4.20 
7.00 
6.70 
6.80 

6.40 
6.00 
5.90 
7.40 
6.90 



5.70 5.30 

6.60 6.40 

7.001 6.90 

7. lOl 7. 10 

6.40 6.00 

5.70 5.10 



4.30 
4.40 
5.10 
5.70 



3.50 
3.80 
4.10 
5.20 



6.10 5.90 

4. 90 4. 20 

6. 30| 6. 70 

6.901 S-'^O 

6.90 6.50 

6.50 5.90 

6. 20 6. 00 

6. 10 6. 00 

6. so] 8.00 

6. 50 6. 10 

6. 80 6. 70 

6. 70 6. 80 

6. 8O] 6. .50 

6.29, 6.08 



9.50 
8.60 
10.00 



7.40 
4.80 
6.00 
5.40 
5.40 



9.50 5.50 4. 
7.90 4.70 4.60 
7. 90 4. 70 4 
5.40 4.20 4.90 
5. 401 5. 10, 5. 10 



5.40 5.OOI 4.50 4.30 



5. 90i 5. 20 
8. .50 8.60 
7. SO 7. 70 
8.20 7.()0 



8.20 
7.80 
7.50 
8.20 
7.60 



8.20 
7.50 
7.40 
7.:30 
7.30 



6. OOl 6. 10 
4.70 5.20 
4.50 4.60 
4. 70 5. 10 

4.90 5.40 

4. 70i 5. 20 

4. 70 5. 00 

5.00 5.30 

4. 70 5. 00 



7. 50 6. 60 4. 70 
7. 60] 7. 10 5. 00 



8.40 7.90 
8. lOj 7. 70 
7. 501 6. 80 

6. 50 6. 00 

5. 10 4. 70 

5.50 4 

6.30 4.00 

6.30 6.30 



5.70 5.90 

5.30I 6.20 

4.OOI 4.00 

3. .SO 3 

3. SO 4.00 

4.00 3.90 

5.90 4.00 

4.90 4.40 



7. 50 6. 90 5. 10 5. 20 

6. 40! 5. 70 3. so' 3. 80 

8.80; 8.00; 5. OOi 6.00 

10.00 9.00| 5.80 5.80 

8.70 8.80 5.50 6.00 



7.60 7.001 5.50 
7.20 7.50 4.20 
8. 40 10. 00 5. 20 
8. 10 10. 00 5. OO 



7.50 
7.90 
7.50 
7.40 



3.90 
4.20 
5.60 
5.50 



8. 30 4. 50 5. 40 

8. 60! 5. 401 5, 

8. 20] 5. 101 5. 20 

7. 20 5. 00- 5. 30 



7.68] 7. 3Si 4.96 



5.16 



Wool. 



1914 ! 1913 



Cts 
19 
17 

IS 



Cts. 
21 
21 
19 
25 
22 

18 
20 
18 
23 
20 



19 


22 


20 


2;} 


20 


23 


19 


21 


15 


14 


19 


21 




21 



20 IS 

15 20 

16 IS 

17 19 
IS 19 



16.8 17.7 



20 



FAEMEKS BULLETIN 598. 



Table 13. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Products. 



Hogs per 100 pounds. 

Beef cattle do. . . 

Veal calves do. . 

Sheep do. . , 

Lambs do.. 

Milch cows per head 

Horses do.. 

Honey, comb per pound 

Apples per bushel 

Peanuts per poiuid 

Beans (ch'y) per bushel 

Sweet potatoes do. . 

Cabbages per 100 pounds 

Onions per bushel 

AVool, unwashed, .per pound 

Clover seed per bushel 

Timothy seed do.. 

Alfalfa seed do.. 

Broom corn per ton 

Cotton seed do. . 

Maple sugar per pound 

Maple sirup per gallon 

Hops .per pound 

Paid by farmers: 

Bran per ton 

Clover seed per bushel 

Timothy seed do. . 

Alfalfa seed do. . 



April 15. 



.29 
.68 

96 

47 

60 

00 

137 

37 

049 

11 

92 

23 

60 

168 

06 

28 

77 

00 

17 

125 

10 

206 



28.50 
9.84 
2.95 

8.17 



1913 1912 



S7.94 

6.08 

7.38 

5.16 

6. .59 

55.34 

.48. 00 

.141 

.85 

.048 

2.11 

.94 

1.15 

.79 

.177 

11.00 

1.74 

8.36 

58.00 

21.89 

.1.30 

1.10 

.150 

24.69 
12.90 
2.43 
9.99 



29.73 



.17 



74. 00 
26.12 



.182 
25.48 



204.00 



.204 
26.58 



May 15. 



1913 1912 



24.59 
12.90 
2.40 
9.75 



30.18 



March 15. 



1914 1913 1912 



27.58 
9.45 
2.97 
8.01 



24.96 
12.30 
2.33 

9.78 



$5.94 

4.75 

6.11 

4.12 

5.38 

44.00 

140.00 

.139 

1.04 

.050 

2.42 

1.02 

2.88 

1.67 

.169 

12.89 

7.33 



99.00 
18.21 

.111 
1.05 

.401 

29.15 



Table 14. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers. 



Products and markets. 



Wheat per bushel : 

No. 2 red winter, St. Louis ... 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter, New York i 

Corn per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2 mi.xed, New York ' 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago 

Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timothy, 

Chicago 

Hops per pound: Choice, New York.. 
AVool per pound: 

Ohio fine unwashed, Boston 

Best tub washed, St. Louis 

Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of 

sales, Chicago 

Butter per pound: 

Creamery, extra. New York 

Creamery , extra, Elgin 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh, New York . . . . 

Average best fresh, St. Louis 

Cheese per pound: Colored,'^ New 
York 



May 1, 1914. 



.94 -$0. 

.941- 

.04-1. 

.70 - 

.67 - 



.\pril, 1914. 



.40 
.37 
.63 

. 00 -16. 
.39 

.22 
.30 



8. 25 - 8. 35 



.2.54- 
.23'- 



.23 - 

.ISi- 



,13J 



. 92 -$0. 
.92^- . 
.03-1. 

.68^ 
.04 - 
.71 - 

.38i- 
.37 - . 
.60 

i. 00 -17. 
.39 

.22 
.29 



90 
955 
.05 

.71J 
.694 



8. 00 - 8. 95 



.24|- 
.23^- 

.20 - 
.17 - 



.16J 



March, 1914. 



. 92 -SO. 

.92J- 

.05-1 

.65 - 
.63 - 
.681- 



.371- 



. 50 -16. 

,42 



April, 1913. 



8. 20 - 9. 00 



.244- 
.25'- 



.21 - 
. 17^- 



81. 04 -$1. 121 
1.02 - 1.09i 
1. 12 - 1. 154 

. 54 - 60^ 
. 54 - .57 
.57i- .64 

.32J- .35 
. 34 - . 351 
. 60 - .04 

14.00 -17.00 
. 21 - .23 

.21 - .23§ 

. 28 - ,33 



.301- .37 
. 30 - . 35 



.20 -• 
.15J- 



.15-1- .i6f 



April, 1912. 



. 02 -SI. 21 
.99 - 1.17 
. 06i- 1. 23J - 

. 76 - .83 
.74 - .81i 
.79i- .801 

. 55 - .59 
.544- .581 
.91'- .96i 

. 00 -26. 00 
.40- .55 

.204- .21 
.30"- .33 



,60 



.05 



.30^ .35J 

. 30 - .32 

.21 - .25 

.17^ .191 

,15J- .191 



1 F. o. b. afloat. 
- September colored- 
August. 



-September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored — 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



21 



EQUIVALENT IN YIELD PER ACRE OF 100 PER CENT CONDITION ON 

JUNE 1. 

Table 15. — The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on June 1 in 

each State. 



states and Territories. 


Winter 
wheat. 


Spring 
wheat. 


Oats. 


Barley. 


Rye. 


Hay. 


Cotton. 




Bushels. 


Bushels. 
26.0 


Bushels. 
40.0 
38.0 
41.0 
37.0 
32.0 

34.0 
35.0 
34.0 
35.0 
35.0 

32.0 
24.5 
27.5 
21.0 
25.5 

23.0 
20.0 
40.0 
36.0 
40.0 

36.0 
38.0 
36.0 
36.0 
32.0 

31.0 
31. 
30.0 
.34.0 

26.0 

25.0 
22.0 
22.5 
24.5 
39.0 

3.5.0 

27.0 
48.0 
37. 5 
42.0 

37.0 
45.0 
48.0 
45.0 
47.0 

50. 
38.0 
41.0 


Bushels. 
30.0 
28.0 
33.0 


Bu.shcls. 


Tons. 
1.18 
1.21 
1.40 
1.32 
1.24 

1.30 
1.33 
1.60 
1.55 
1.65 

1.60 
1..50 
1.50 
1..55 
1.40 

1.65 
1.55 
1.65 
1.52 
1.50 

1.48 
1.60 
1.60 
1.55 
1.45 

1.40 
1.40 
1.40 
1.45 
1.45 

1.60 
1.65 
1.70 
1.80 
1.50 

1.25 
1. .50 
1.90 
2.25 
2.40 

2.70 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 
3.10 

2.40 
2.25 
2.05 


Pounds. 














26.0 


19.5 
18.5 




Massachusetts 






Rhode Island 










Connecticut 








20.0 
19.1 
18.8 
18.0 
16.0 

16.7 
14.0 
14.0 
11.0 
11.5 

10.6 




New York 


22.5 
19.5 
19.0 
18.0 

17.5 
13.7 
14.4 
11.6 
12.9 

12.6 




29.0 








Pennsylvania 




28.5 














32.0 
30.0 






250 


West Virginia 












285 


South Carolina 






280 








240 








145 


Ohio 


19. 9 
19.0 
19.8 

10.7 
22.0 




31.0 
30.5 
31.0 

28.5 
30.0 
27.0 
28.0 
27.0 

23.0 
24.0 
24.5 
23.0 
29.0 

28.5 


19.0 
18.0 
19.5 

16.7 
19.0 
21.5 
20.0 
17.0 

19.2 
19.5 
18.5 
17.5 
1.5.0 

13.3 
12.7 










Illinois 






Michigan 








19.5 
16.5 
17.2 








Iowa 


24.8 
18.0 




Missouri 


350 


North Dakota 


12.5 
13.5 
1.5.5 
15.0 




South Dakota 






Nebraska 


22.5 
19.0 
14.5 

12.7 
13.4 
14.9 




Kansas 




Kentucky 




Tennessee 




247 


Alabama 




225 


Mississippi 






240 


Louisiana 








230 


Texas 


16.4 

17.0 
13.1 
29.0 
30.0 
27.0 

24.3 
32.0 
25.3 
25.3 
30.2 

28.4 
24.6 
20.5 




30.0 

30.0 

36.'6' 

33.0 
38.0 

34. 
41.0 
42.0 
41.0 
43.0 

42.0 
36. 5 
33. 


17.5 

15.0 
12.7 
23.0 
22.0 
19.5 


212 
220 


Oklahoma 








240 


Montana 


26.0 

28. 
26.5 

24.0 
27.0 
30.0 
31.0 
28.0 

21.0 
20.0 






Colorado 





New Me.xico 




Arizona 






Utah 


19.5 


■ 


Nevada 




Idaho 


23.0 

22.0 
17.8 
19.0 




"Washington 




Oregon 




California 










United States. . .. 


19.5 


1.5.3 


35. 4 


28.6 


18.4 


1.62 


231.9 





o 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





Contribution from the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), 
Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. 

June 23, 1914. 

THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 

Page. 

General rcA-iew of crop conditions, June 1, 1914 1 

Crop conditions in Florida and California 8 

Outlook for the 1914 foreign wheat crop 8 

Progress of the world's wheat harvest 10 

Trend of prices of farm products H 

Acreage, condition, and forecast of specified crops (tables) 12 

The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on July 1 21 

Cotton condition May 25 22 

Apple movement, 1913 23 



GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS, JUNE 1, 1914. 

The composite condition of all crops of the United States on June 1 
was about 2.2 per cent above their 10-year average condition on that 
date. Last year the June 1 condition of all crops was 1.2 per cent 
below the 10-year average, but prospects declined as the season 
advanced, the November, or final, reports last year being 6.7 per cent 
below the 10-year average. Consequently, present conditions are 
about 9.5 per cent better than the outturn of crops last year. 

TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF JULY CROP REPORTS. 

The Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates), Department of Agriculture, will issue 
on Wednesday, July 1, at 1 p. m. (eastern time), a report upon the acreage in cotton 
this year, and the condition of the cotton crop on June 25. 

On Wednesday, July 8, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), the bureau will issue a summary 
of the acreage, condition on July 1, and forecast of corn, potatoes, sweet potatoes, 
rice, flax, and tobacco; the condition and forecast of winter wheat, spring wheat, 
oats, and 1)arley; the condition of rye, hay, and apples; and the amount of wheat on 
farms on July 1. 

A supplemental report will be issued upon the following crops: The acreage, com- 
pared with last year, of sweet potatoes and sorghum; the average weight per fleece 
of wool; the condition on July 1 of timothy, clover, alfalfa, millet, Kafir corn, pasture, 
blue-grass for seed, tomatoes, cabbages, onions, beans (dry), lima beans, peaches, grapes, 
pears, blackberries, raspberries, watermelons, cantaloupes, oranges, lemons, pineapples, 
limes, grapefruit, hemp, broom corn, sugar cane, sorghum, sugar beets, hops, and 
peanuts. 

Details by States for all crops investigated will be published in the July Agri- 
cultural Outlook. 

48538°— Bull. 604—14 1 



2 FARMEKS' BULLETIN 604. 

North Atlantic States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were 102.2 
per cent of the average, being 105.0 in Pennsylvania, 103.1 in Rhode 
Island, 102.9 in New Jersey and Maine, 102.7 in New Hampshire, 
102.0 in Massachusetts, 100.6 in New York, 100.3 in Vermont, and 
98.7 in Connecticut. 

The month of May was generally cold, with light showers during 
the first half, delaying planting and germination of spring crops. 
The latter half was favorable, with a tendency toward droughty con- 
ditions toward the end, a condition relieved by early June rains. 
Conditions have been favorable for winter grains. The dry weather 
toward the close of the month was too late to injure wheat and rye, 
and the Hessian fly, reported fi'om many sections, will probably do 
little damage because of the advanced growth and vigorous condition 
of wheat. The backward, wet spring, delaying farming operations, 
shortened somewhat the acreage of oats and barley. Although spring 
grains are short in acreage and a little late, condition generally is fair 
to good. 

Apple trees blossomed very heavily during a period of warm, dry 
weather, very favorable to activity of bees and other pollenizing 
insects, except in Pennsylvania, where some wet weather interfered. 
Insect pests are killing many old orchards in New England, and dam- 
age from tent caterpillars was common from Maine to New York. 
Peach blossoms were largely winterkilled throughout most of the 
North Atlantic States, and prospects for crop are very poor. Injury 
to peaches and pears was less severe in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 

Severe winter injured new meadows, but ample moisture, until 
recently, gave veiy good condition notwithstanding. Clover condi- 
tion is fine. Alfalfa is increasingly popular and its cultivation is 
extending, even into Maine in an experimental way. Pastures have 
been good until lately. 

Vegetables are backward. Berry plants suffered somewhat from 
winterkill. 

South Atlantic States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were 
about 96.4 per cent of average, being 106.4 in Maryland, 106.1 in West 
Virginia, 103.9 in Delaware, 98.8 in Georgia, 96.7 in Virginia, 95.9 in 
Florida, 93.3 in North Carolina, and 91.2 in South Carolina. 

The weather has been extremely dry, practically no rain having 
fallen smce early May in the more northerly States of the group, and 
none since the middle of April in Georgia. Recent rains have 
occurred in the northern portion of the group, greatly relieving con- 
ditions there. 

Wheat and other faU-planted cereals have been Httle injured, but 
the late-sown grains have suffered and in some counties in the south- 
ern States of the group are almost a faUme. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 

Tlie forage crops have been injured from Maryland to North C^aro- 
Hna and are very poor farther south. Late rains in the former States 
have somewhat improved the situation. Farther south the important 
hay crop — cowpeas— is not yet planted. Alfalfa is reporte4 fah, 
though in need of moisture. 

xipples show a fine outlook, and a heavy yield is indicated in Mary- 
land and North C'arolina, and a good crop in South Carolina and 
Georgia. 

The peach crop promise is excellent, with a bumper crop indicated 
in West Virginia and a very large one in Georgia. 

The pear crop in Maryland, Delaware, and Yhginia was injured by 
late frost, and indicates a light yield. Despite droughty conditions, 
melons promise an average production in Maryland, but a poorer one 
farther south. 

West Vhginia has suffered httle from drought, and conditions there 
are generally reported excellent. 

For the date of May 25, the reports are that cotton planting was 
somewhat delayed by the late sprmg and subsequently the onset of 
droughty conditions interfered with the completion of plantmg and 
the late-planted seed was in many instances reported as dormant, 
awaiting rain. The cool nights and extremely dry weather, no rain 
having fallen for from four to six weeks in most of the area, have re- 
sulted in small growth. The plant, while small, appeal's to be strong 
and healthy and the dry weather has permitted clean cultivation of the 
fields. Practically all of the cotton that is up has been chopped; 
further development waits on needed moisture. 

North Central States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were 
103.8 per cent of average; being 122.9 in Kansas, 111.3 in Nebraska, 
106.5 in Michigan, 105.4 in South Dakota, 104.8 in Wisconsin, 103.6 
in Minnesota, 103.5 in Ohio, 103 in Indiana, 100.8 in Iowa, 100 in 
North Dakota, 92.9 in Illinois, and 92.2 in jVlissouri. 

The cool, wet spring continued into May in the northern tier of 
States. Ample moisture is reported in the Dakotas, Mmnesota, and 
Wisconsin. Elsewhere the need of rain was beginning to be felt at 
the close of the month, especially in central and southwestern Ohio, 
southern Indiana, tliroughout Illinois and Missouri, and most of 
Kansas. In these States west of the Mississippi conditions are excep- 
tionally fine, except in Missouri. The cool, moist weather has been ex- 
tremely beneficial to cereals and forages and the fair weather with 
occasional showers, in the last half of the month, favorable to farm 
work and rapid plant germination and growth. 

The condition of winter wheat in this grand division is exception- 
ally good, excluding Illinois and Missouri, where drought and insects 
have done considerable damage. Throughout the area the crop 



4 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 604. 

seems assured and in the southern portion the harvest is now in 
progress. 

The Hessian fly is reported principally in southwestern Ohio, south- 
ern Indiana, southern and southwestern Illinois, and throughout 
Missouri, and extends into southwestern Iowa, southeastern Ne- 
braska and northeastern Kansas. While the damage from this pest 
is considerable, the condition of the crop in most of the States enu- 
merated continues to range from good to phenomenal, being particu- 
larly fine (98 per cent) in Kansas. Chinch bugs and also army worms 
are reported from southwestern Illinois and from Missouri. These 
pests, with the lack of moisture in Missouri and southern Illinois last 
year and the deficiency during the present season, have reduced the 
crop there to about an average. 

Spring-wheat plantings were delayed and the acreage slightly 
reduced by the cold, wet spring. Some sections in the spring- wheat 
belt are decreasing the acreage in favor of feed crops to care for the 
rapidly increasing number of live stock. The coolness was favorable 
to root development and the fine growing weather of the last half of 
the month has allowed the plant to develop rapidly to a condition 
above the average, while the ample ground moisture gives good 
promise for its future. 

Oats were generally seeded late, but have made very satisfactory 
progress because of the same reasons favoring spring wheat. The 
shortage of moisture in the southern portion of these States has 
reduced the condition there. But oats have not suffered so severely 
as wheat in Missouri and Illinois. 

A tendency to decrease barley acreage because of low jjrices was 
partly offset by the late spring, which compelled the planting of a 
quick-maturing crop. Its increase in North Dakota is for stock feed, 
particularly in sections unfavorable to corn. It has prospered Avith 
the other cereals by reason of the favorable growing weather. 

Rye is generally late but good. 

Apples promise a good crop in the States east of the Mississippi, 
having blossomed freely. Some injury was suffered in Indiana and 
Illinois from a late freeze. An unusual crop is promised in Michigan. 
Conditions west of the river are unfavorable, the vitality of the trees 
having been greatly reduced by last year's drought. The trees also 
suffered there from late spring frost. Insect injuries are reported, 
particularly in Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. 

The peaches do not promise well, being cut short by the late frost; 
southern Kansas alone reports good prospects. 

Hay in the southern portions of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois has 
suffered from need of rain. In the northern tier of States it is reported 
as fine, but in the remaining prairie States and in Missouri it is some- 
what thin and weedy because of damage from last year's drought 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 

and overpasturing, this being particularly true of the native wild 
prairie grasses which are the principal dependence for hay in some of 
these States. 

Much new clover was winterkilled in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois^ 
but in the dairy belt of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota the new 
planting did very well and acreage is increasing. Alfalfa acreage is 
increasing rapidly throughout this grand division. Its condition is 
generally reported as favorable, except where suffering from lack 
of rain. 

Vegetables are backward, but otherwise give satisfactory promise. 

Soutli Central States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were 
about 98.7 per cent of average, being 108.9 in Mississippi, 104.6 in 
Alabama and Kentucky, 102.2 in Louisiana, 101.6 in Oklahoma, 99.7 
in Arkansas, 97.1 in Tennessee, and 86.5 in Texas. 

The States east of the Mississippi have all suffered from dry 
weather, practically no rain having fallen during May and in many 
cases since mid- April. West of the river, conditions are reversed, 
Texas having suffered severely from excessive rains. There is some 
ftxcess of moisture in northern, and deficiency in southern, Louisiana. 
In Arkansas, moisture conditions are generally satisfactory, with some 
excess in the southwest. Southern Oklahoma has had an excess of 
moisture. The unusual rainfall has been very beneficial in the west- 
ern portions of Oklahoma and Texas, where a deficiency is the rule. 
The temperature over the entire South Central division was unusually 
cold during the first part of the month. 

Reports for May 25 state that the cotton plant has not made sat- 
isfactory growth in this grand division, partly because of the cold, wet 
spring. Tliis delayed plantings somewhat east of the Mississippi 
River; and in some portions west of the river, owing to continued 
excessive precipitation, perhaps 30 per cent of the intended acreage 
was still to be planted on May 25. The cool weather of the first half 
of May has continued to retard the growth of the plant in all sections, 
and the dry weather east of the river has delayed germination of 
much of the late-planted seed. The plant in the eastern sections, 
while small and about 10 days late, appears to be strong and healthy 
and the stand, while somewhat imperfect in Alabama and Tennessee, 
is very satisfactory in Mississippi, particularly in the delta lands and 
the northern portion of the State. West of the river the plant is from 
two to four v/eeks late, and from central Texas and Oklahoma to 
southwestern Arkansas and northwestern Louisiana much replantuig 
has been necessary, o^ving both to the rotting of seed because of 
unfavorable weather conditions and to the low vitality of the seed 
itself, which suffered from adverse conditions at harvest time last 
year. In this portion of the cotton belt the fields are foul with weeds, 
involving a vast amount of future work to rescue the crop and nee- 



6 FAEMEKS BULLETIN 604. 

essarily interferiiig seriously with the completion of planting and the 
necessary replanting where the crop has been killed out. Should dry 
weather follow in this belt, the abundant soil moisture may prove an 
asset of great value in view of the tendency to summer droughts in 
the States affected. 

The last few days of the period (report relating to May 25) in the 
States west of the Mississippi River were favorable, with warmth 
and sunsliine, and great activity was witnessed in the cotton fields. 
The conditions in the western portions of Texas and Oklahoma are 
exceptionally favorable, the unusual moisture being a blessing for 
those sections. 

The wheat crop (report relating to June 1) matured in fine condition 
east of the Mississippi River in time to escape injury from the dry 
weather. The crop in Texas is also reported as fine, notwithstanding 
the excessive rains, and it is an extra fine crop in the northwestern 
portion of the State. The condition in Oklahoma is reported as 
almost ideal, with ample rainfall and little insect damage. There 
are a few reports of rust. Conditions in Arkansas are not so good, 
some insects being reported and some complaint being made of 
dryness in the wheat section. 

The winter oats east of the Mississippi River are in fair condition, 
especially the early fall sown, but the spring sowings are poor, owing 
to dry weather. Similar conditions exist in Arkansas. In Texas 
the acreage is somewhat reduced by winter killing of the fall-sown 
crop and the condition is somewhat lowered by excessive moisture. 
There is some rust. In Oklahoma the condition of oats is generally 
good, but not equal to that of wheat, and the acreage is restricted 
by the big wheat and hay acreage in that State. 

East of the Mississippi River the hay crop has suffered, although 
early cuttings were very good. Much of the hay in this section (cow- 
peas particularly), follow oats and other early crops, and owing to 
the dry condition of the soil, planting is being delayed. The condi- 
tion in Arkansas and Louisiana is very good, but in Oklahoma, while 
the growth is fine, the meadows are very weedy on account of last 
year's drought. An increase in clover and alfalfa acreage in northera 
and central Alabama and Mississippi is noted, many farmers having 
abandoned cotton for these forage crops. Alfalfa in Oklahoma was 
set back by freezes and the first cutting was poor. 

Tree fruits are good to poor, having suffered from late freezes. 
The dry weather has done little damage. The peach crop, accord- 
ing to the reports, wiU be very small, except in isolated sections. 

Satisfactory crops of early vegetables were secured, but the late 
crops are suffering from lack of rain east of the Mississippi River 
and from excessive rain in Texas, In Oklahomii, Arkansas, and 
Louisiana, vegetables are good, being favored by sufficient moisture 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 

in most sections. BeiTies are generally poor, having suffered from 
freezes or drought. 

The acreage of sugar cane has been very markedly reduced generally 
ixi the commercial sugar-producing sections. The condition is poor, 
owing to cold and dry weather, except in Texas, where the small 
acreage shows a good condition. 

Western States. — General crop conditions on June 1 were about 
106 per cent of average, being 114.1 in California, 108.2 in Colo- 
rado, 107 in New Mexico, 105.9 in Utah, 104.5 in Nevada, 103.8 in 
Oregon, 103.4 in Idaho, 103.2 in Wyoming, 102.6 in Arizona, 100.4 
in Washington, and 98.9 in Montana. 

The Rocky Mountain States have been blessed with an unusual 
amount of moisture as a result of heavy snows and late wmter rams. 
The weather is frequently mentioned as ideal. The irrigated sections 
have ample water supplies impounded, and the areas devoted to dry- 
land crops have exceptional supphes of gi'ound moisture. This con- 
dition has resulted in increasing the acreage devoted to dry-land 
crops. The growing weather has been good, particularly for grains. 
Fruits and tender plants have been somewhat injured by late frosts* 

Winter wheat is generally very good. Some sections of Montana 
have had dry weather, %vith some resulting deterioration to the plant, 
but elsewhere moisture is ample and prospects are for fine and ex- 
ceptional crops. The spring- wheat acreage is increased, owing to 
favorable conditions for planting and the advantage of an tmusual 
supply of ground moisture in the dry-land areas. The condition is 
recorded generally as very good to excellent. 

The oat acreage is also increased and the condition is superior for 
the same reasons. This is true also of barley and rye. The value of 
barley as a staple feed crop for live stock in the States of high altitude 
or latitude with a short growing season is being more and more 
recognized. 

The hay crop throughout this grand division is reported as extra 
good, this applying to both the seeded forage crops — clover and 
alfalfa — and to the native grasses on the open range. Grass is 
superabundant. Clover acreage is increasing rapidly in Idaho, 
Washington, and Oregon, both for forage and seed production. 

Colorado promises one of the finest apple crops in the State's history, 
with like favorable prospects for peaches and pears. Fruit prospects 
for all the remaining States of this gi^and division are above average. 
Some damage has been suffered from late frosts, but this is offset by 
bumper crop prospects in other sections. 

The condition of the hardy vegetables is reported as fine, but the 
tender plants have suffered generally from frosts. 

The condition of sugar beets is almo&t normal, or 99 per cent. 



PAEMEES BULLETIN 604. 



GENERAL SUMMARY CONDITIONS, BY CROPS. 

Ta3le 1. — Condition of the various crops on June 1, expressed in percentages of their 
lb-year averages {not the normal), on June 1. 



Winter wheat. 114. 7 

Apples 110.8 

Alfalfa 108.6 

Sugar beets 106.5 

Barley 106.0 

Hemp 104.8 

Pears 104. 7 

Kye 104.3 

Peaches 104.2 



Raspberries 103. 7 

Cantaloupes 102.6 

Spring wheat 102. 

Lima beans 101.7 

Hay (all) 101. 5 

Oats 101.0 

Blackberries 100. 5 

Pasture 99.8 

Onions 98. 3 



Cabbages 97.5 

Watermelons 96. 6 

Sugar cane 95. 5 

Clover 95.0 

Cotton 92.4 

Average, all 102.2 



FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table 2. — Crop conditions in Florida and California. 







Florida. 




California. 


Crop. 


Condition June 1— 


Condition 


Condition June 1— 


Condition 




1914 


1913 


1912 


May 1. 


1914 


1913 


1912 


Mayl. 




75 
82 


90 
90 


94 
•90 
90 
85 
87 
80 
S3 
89 
83 


80 
95 










Oranges 


92 

87 


70 
60 


90 
88 


95 




92 




86 
84 

72 

7o 

76 

68 


96 

82 

eo 

45 
80 
80 


95 
96 
80 
55 
85 
80 
















85 
80 
95 
96 
80 
65 
92 
85 
86 


65 
71 
82 
84 
60 
73 
87 
55 
77 


87 
89 
91 
91 

85 
88 
92 

85 
88 




Pears 












Apricots 


80 




































89 


Walnuts 














82 
78 
72 
85 
86 












88 
89 
76 
90 


91 
82 
93 

87 





























































1 Production compared with a full crop. 
OUTLOOK FOR TRE 1914 FOREIGN WHEAT CROP. 

In early June prospects for the Northern Hemisphere wheat crop 
were, excepting a few countries, fully normal. In Asiatic countries 
immediately north of the equator, notably southern China, British 
India, and Persia, wheat harvesting was finished. The yield of 
British India is officially estimated at 313,000,000 bushels, against 
358,000,000 bushels in 1913, a decrease of 45,000,000 bushels. Unoffi- 
cially the Persian crop is put at 14,000,000 Imshels, a deficient yield 
compared with that of the previous year. 

In countries along the north coast of Africa, next in harvest suc- 
cession, prospects as a whole are less promising than a year ago. 
The Egyptian wheat, though good in general, has been injured in the 
Province of Menufia by storms and in upper Eg}q)t is reported below 
average. In the eastern and coast regions of Algeria drought in 
March did much irreparable damage, but in other regions the plants 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 

wore widely revived by April rains. Prolonged drought has also 
seriously affected the small crop of Tunis. 

Throughout the Continent of Europe wheat seems in general to have 
made the progress toward maturity to be expected at this season, 
notwithstanding wide-spread apprehension at times of deterioration 
in some countries from lack of sufficient rainfall and unseasonably 
low temperatures. In the United Kingdom the former fine prospect 
was reported in late May as well maintained, though cool weather 
was then retarding growth and rain was needed in some places. 

The total area under winter and spring wheat in France on May 1 
has been officially returned as 16,045,000 acres, as compared with 
16,175,000 acres last year and 16,179,000 in 1912. The month of 
May was characterized by violent changes of weather, and it is now 
reahzed that a satisfactory outcome of the French crop depends upon 
continuous favorable weather until after harvest. 

In Spain, Italy, and Portugal the ripening grain gives general 
promise of bountiful yields, excepting in southern Italy, Sardinia, 
and Sicily, where drought is said to have seriously curtailed the 
output. 

The States of north-central and south-central Europe, as a whole, 
report prospects about normal. In the Scandinavian countries, 
Germany, and Austria vegetation is somewhat backward, because 
of dry and cool weather, but no actual damage has resulted. In 
Hungary, the former discouraging outlook for a full crop shows 
considerable improvement compared with a month ago, and in 
Roumania the fears aroused by a prolonged drought have been dis- 
sipated by general rains. The Roumanian wheat area has been 
officially returned at 4,832,000 acres, compared with 4,011,000 
acres in 1913 and 5,114,000 in 1912; a fair yield on the present 
acreage now seems assured. The scant reports from the Balkan 
States indicate conditions of growth differing in no important respect 
from those of ordinary years. 

A semiofficial report from Russia states that the condition of 
winter wheat there was "good" in 66, and spring wheat "good" in 
65, out of 72 governments. Late in May copious rain feU in nearly 
aU districts; the benefit to crops, which in some places were beginning 
to show the effects of drought, was inestimable. 

The total area under grain in Canada is provisionally returned as 
follows: Wheat, 11,203,800 acres, or 188,800 acres more than in 1913; 
oats, 10,811,000 acres, compared with 10,434,000 acres last year; 
barley, 1,604,000 acres, or 9,000 acres less than a year ago; and rye, 
111,070 acres, against 119,300 acres in 1913. The condition of spring 
wheat June 1 was 93, winter wheat, 79. 
48538°— Bull. 604—14 2 



10 FAEMEES^ BULLETIN 604. 

PROGRESS OF THE WORLD'S WHEAT HARVEST. 

The proportion of the world wheat crop which is harvested each 
month has been estimated in the Bureau of Statistics (Crop Estimates) 
to be approximately as follows: 

Table 3. — Wheat harvested each month, per cent and millions of bushels. 



Month. 



January . 
February 
March . . . 

April 

May 

June 

July 



Per cent. 



Million 

bushels. 



187 
38 
113 
262 
150 
562 
1,312 



Month. 



August 

September. 
October . . . 
November. 
December.. 

Total 



Per cent. 



100 



Million 
bushels. 



(1) 



113 



3,750 



1 Less then 1 per cent — practically none. 

The proportion of the crop harvested in any month varies from 
year to year according as the season is early or late, and also as the 
yield is relatively large or small in the different latitudes. The 
figures given are merely approximations; the percentages have been 
applied to the average yearly world production of the past five years, 
in round numbers, to obtain the quantities harvested. 

From the figures shown it appears that the world harvest season 
begins in December, when operations start in Australia and South 
America, enlarge in January, and practically end in February. 
India then commences, and increases in activity through March and 
April. In April harvesting operations begin in such countries as 
Persia, Asia Minor, and Mexico. In May activity is lessened, for then 
the Indian harvest has been about completed and the harvest season 
is crossing the Mediterranean from north Africa to southern Europe, 
where harvests do not become general until June. In June, July, 
and August, about 75 per cent of the crop is harvested, the season 
progressing steadily northward during these months. By September 
harvest operations are nearly completed; Scotland, northern Russia 
and Siberia, and Canada having a little left over from August. Prac- 
tically no harvesting of wheat is done in October, and very little in 
November. 

TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops increased about 2.1 per cent durmg May; in the past 
six years the price level has increased during May 3.5 per cent; thus, 
the increase this year is less than usual. 

Since December 1 the index figure of crop prices has advanced 4.6 
per cent; during the same period a year ago the advance was 9.9 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 11 

per cent, and the average for the past six yeai-s has been an advance 
of 15.0 per cent. 

On May 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 14.5 per cent 
higlier than a year ago, but 17.5 per cent lower than two years ago 
and 0.1 per cent lower than the average of the past six years on 
June 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for 
meat animals decreased 1.4 per cent during the month from April 15 
to May 15, which compares with a decrease of 3.7 per cent in the 
same period a year ago, an increase of 1.5 per cent two years ago, 
a decrease of 4.5 per cent three years ago, and a decrease of 4.8 per 
cent four years ago. 

From December 15 to May 15 the advance in prices for meat 
animals has been 6.5 per cent; whereas during the same period a year 
ago the advance was 10.3 per cent, and two years ago 19.1 per cent, 
while tlii'ee years ago there was a decline in price of 10.8 per cent 
during this period. 

On May 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, 
cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.29 per 100 pounds, which is 3.1 
per cent higher than the prevailing price a year ago, 14.1 per cent 
higher than two years ago, 31.7 per cent higher than three years ago, 
and 1.0 per cent lower than four years ago on May 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 18-20. 



NOTES. 



Early in May, 1914, transportation charges on corn from Argentina 
to Chicago were reported as follows: Ocean freight, Argentina to 
Montreal, 7^ cents per bushel; transfer at Montreal from ocean vessels 
to local steamers, 2 cents; freight by water, Montreal to Chicago, 2^ 
cents, making a total of 12 cents per bushel. The freight rates by 
water fluctuate with changes in demand and supply of vessels and of 
available cargo. 

The average production of wheat per capita in the United States in 
1911-1913 was 7.4 bushels; in 1891-1893 it was 7.8 bushels. 



12 farmers' bulletin 604. 

Table 4. — Wheat: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price, June 1, with comparisons. 





Winter wheat. 


'Spring wheat. 


All wheat. 


State. 


Condition 
Jime 1. 


Con- 
di- 
tion 
May 

1, 
1914. 


Fore- 
cast 
1914 
from 
condi- 
tion. 


Five- 
year 
aver- 
age 
1909- 
1913, 
final 
esti- 
mates. 


Acreage. 


Condition 
Junel. 


Fore- 
cast 
1914 
from 
cond i- 
tion. 


Five- 
year 
aver- 
age 
1909- 
1913. 
final 
esti- 
mates. 


Price 
June 1. 


1914 


Ten- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Per 

cent 

of 

1913. 


Total, 
1914. 


1914 


Ten- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


Five- 
year 
aver- 
age. 




P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


Bu. 
(000 om 


Bu. 
itted.) 


P.c. 

97 
93 


Acres.'^ 

3 

1 


P.c. 

97 

85 


P.c. 

98 
96 


Bu. Bu. 
(000 omitted.) 
76 77 
22 24 


Cts. 

100 
110 
98 
98 
97 

100 
96 
100 
100 
111 

126 
115 
92 
92 

88 

93 
84 
84 
81 
86 

81 
81 
77 
81 
98 

101 
126 
92 
89 
83 

91 
70 
76 
77 
96 
150 

79 
101 
71 
76 
79 
97 


Cts. 


Vermont 












122 




95 
87 
93 

94 
93 
88 
92 
89 

82 
88 
91 
90 

82 

92 
92 
89 
91 
80 


86 
90 
89 

89 
89 
89 
87 
88 

82 
86 

78 
77 
78 

78 
87 

88 

81 


95 
93 
94 

94 
94 
95 
95 
92 

88 
90 
96 

98 
97 

92 

89 
89 
95 
99 


7,695 

1,340 

2.^,183 

1,929 
9,960 
9, .391 
3,126 
6,308 

846 

1,552 

37, 848 

42,494 

41, 824 

15,931 
1,759 

'io.'sio 

36, 706 


6,793 

1,475 

21,290 

1,817 
9,290 
9,171 
2,952 
5,936 

760 

1,382 

29, 238 

30, 668 

33, 640 

14,220 
1,591 
2 810 
6,272 

31,048 


107 


New Jersey 














111 


Pennsylvania.. 














107 














109 
















109 


Virgin ux 

West Virginia. 














113 












112 














120 
















123 


Georgia 

Ohio 














128 














108 
















106 
















101 


Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 














106 


96 
97 
96 


99 

4,026 

331 


93 
96 
95 


93 
93 
94 


1,795 
63, 772 
5,408 


1,719 

59,859 

5,548 


97 
98 
93 




103 


North Dakota. 


97 
95 
98 
115 


7,285 

3,491 

343 

63 


94 
98 
97 
96 


94 
94 
88 
76 


85,59S 

46, 1S.5 

5, 157 

907 


90,231 

38, 768 

3,687 

618 


95 


South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


85 
93 
98 
96 

96 
88 
90 
95 
100 

91 
93 
95 
98 
100 
93 

101 
96 
99 
94 
98 
97 


82 

72 
83 

86 
81 
84 
74 
72 

84 
93 
93 

87 

82 

95 

94 
93 
76 


88 
94 
96 
98 

97 
92 
90 
90 
96 

97 
96 
96 
95 
93 
94 

99 
97 
99 
98 
102 
95 


"65 ,'349 
148,029 
10,370 

8,644 

365 

14 

16,858 

41,905 

1,252 
12,973 
1,168 
5, 133 
1,021 
923 

5,698 
437 
10, 136 
32, 062 
14,995 

8,113 


2 900 

45,392 

73, 676 

9,037 

7,718 

297 

59 

8,863 

17,224 

999 
7, 636 

654 
3,762 

530 

642 

3,311 
317 

8,600 
24,609 
12, 955 

7,047 


94 
90 
95 
109 














113 


Alabama 














119 


Mississippi 

Texas 














98 














107 














97 

















103 


Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico... 
Arizona 

Utah 


110 
110 
105 
104 
120 

105 
118 
105 
98 
101 


429 
55 

273 
31 

68 
27 

210 
1,078 

177 


95 
98 
98 
98 
92 

100 
97 
98 
94 
96 


. 96 

97 
93 
89 
92 

96 
97 
96 
94 
92 


10,596 
1,509 

7, 089 
729 

2,040 
812 
5,762 
21,280 
3,398 


5,618 
1,019 
5,266 

477 
3 48 

1,853 

568 

4,483 

22,227 

3,399 


91 
101 

94 
105 
115 

93 


Nevada 

Idaho 


121 

87 


Washington. .. 
Oregon 


92 
92 
106 


















United States.. 


92.7 


80.8 


95.9 


638,147 


441,212 


97.3 


17,990 


95.5 


93.6 


262,135 


245,479 


84.4 


98.6 



1 000 omitted. 



2 1913 only. 



3 Four years. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 

Table 5. — Oats: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price June 1, with comparisons. 





Oats. 


State. 


Acreage. 


Condition 
June 1. 


Foreca*;! 
1914 
from 
condi- 
tion. 


Five- 
year 
averasre, 
1909-13, 
final 
estimates, 


Price 
June 1. 




Percent 

of 

1913. 


Total 1914. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 




Per ct. 
101 
100 
100 
99 
100 

99 
94 
96 
93 
97 

96 
98 
96 
100 
102 

102 
90 
94 
96 
99 

101 
102 
102 
101 
98 

103 
101 

99 
102 

96 

98 
108 
106 
108 

98 

103 
101 
106 
110 
103 

102 
110 
103 
110 
102 

99 
101 
105 


Acres. 
141, 000 
12,000 
79, 000 
9,000 
2,000 

11,000 
1, 198, 000 

67,000 

1,073,000 

4,000 

43,000 
191,000 
110,000 
230, 000 
367, 000 

428,000 

45,000 

1,692,000 

1,632,000 

4, 331, 000 

1,515,000 
2,320,000 
3, 040, 000 
4,929,000 
1,225,000 

2,318,000 
1,606,000 
2, 228, 000 
1, 795, 000 
154,000 

294, 000 
351,000 
148. 000 
49, 000 
980,000 

1,061,000 
242,000 
530, 000 
242, 000 
314,000 

51,000 

8,000 

93,000 

12,000 

332,000 

207,000 
364, 000 
220,000 


Perct. 
95 
96 
94 
96 
95 

88 
88 
84 
84 
84 

S3 
73 
81 
76 
74 

73 
67 
76 
80 
80 

92 
97 
96 
97 
71 

93 
99 
97 
92 

77 

76 
86 
86 
91 

85 

90 

85 
94 
99 
98 

96 
96 
100 
96 
98 

97 
97 
99 


Perct. 
96 
94 
95 
94 
94 

96 
92 
89 
89 
87 

86 
84 
87 
86 
83 

87 
80 
87 
85 
86 

87 
93 
93 
93 
79 

94 
93 
88 
73 
83 

86 
87 
86 

87 

78 

71 
83 
96 
97 
93 

89 
91 
96 
97 
96 

96 

95 
84 


Bush. 

(000 on 

5,358 

438 

3, 045 

320 

61 

329 

36, 898 

1,013 

31,546 

118 

1,160 
3,416 
2, 4.50 
3,671 
6,925 

7,186 

603 

51,437 

47, 002 

138,592 

50, 177 
85,515 
105,062 
172, 121 
27,832 

66, 828 
49, 288 
64, 835 
56, 148 
3,083 

5, 608 
6,641 
2, 864 
1,092 
32, 487 

33,422 

5,057 
23,914 

8, 984 
12, 924 

1,812 
346 

4,464 

518 

15,292 

14,404 
13,417 
8,930 


Bush. 
litted.) 
5,029 
430 

2, 869 

284 
57 

342 

39,681 

1,090 

34,404 

119 

1,285 
3,839 
2, 558 
3,740 
7,053 

7,810 

701 

65, 129 

54, 666 

144,625 

47,021 
74,644 
96, 426 
166,676 
29,307 

57, 063 
37, 027 
54, 828 
39,612 
3,422 

6,126 
5, 157 
2, 146 
746 
22,651 

18,467 
4, 569 

18, 878 
6,399 

10,397 

1,415 

242 

3,825 

376 

14,061 

13, 493 

12,906 
6,624 


C(s. 

57 
56 
57 
54 

50 
49 
49 
48 
46 

53 
55 
57 
63 
66 

65 
62 
40 
39 
38 

42 
37 
33 
35 
46 

33 
34 
38 
4fi 
56 

57 
64 
60 
56 
49 

47 

r)9 
38 

43 
51 

53 
80 
45 
64 
35 

39 
38 
45 


Cis. 
60 




60 


Vermont 


60 




59 


Rhode Island 


61 


Connecticut 


56 




54 




55 




54 




53 


Maryland 


54 




59 




60 




67 




69 


Georcia 


69 


Florida 


72 


Ohio 


46 


Ind iana 


43 




43 


Michican 


47 




44 




39 


Iowa 


39 




46 


North Dakota 


41 


South Dakota 


40 




40 




48 




57 


Tennessee 


58 


Alal>ama 


67 




66 


Louisiana 


62 


Texas 


57 




52 


Arkansas 


61 




53 


Wvomine 


56 




57 


New Mexico 


61 


Arizona 


70 


Utah 


60 




65 




51 




54 




52 




61 






United States 


100.0 


38,383,000 


89.5 


88.6 


1,216,223 


1, 131, 175 


40.0 


45.3 







14 rARMEBS' BULLETIN 604. 

Table 6. — Barley: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price June 1, with comparisons. 





Barley. 


State. 


Acreage. 


Condition 
June 1. 


Forecast 
1914 
from 
condi- 
tion. 


Five- 
year 
average, 
1909-13, 
final 
estimates. 


Price 
June 1. 




Percent 

of 

1913. 


Total 1914. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 

nge. 


1914 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 




Per ct. 

100 
98 

100 
98 
95 

98 
101 

98 
105 
101 

102 
98 
95 
96 

100 

104 
94 
103 
100 
105 

100 
109 
105 
110 
107 

1(B 
108 
98 
105 
105 

103 
101 
102 
110 


Acres. 

5,000 

1,000 

12,000 

75, 000 

7,000 

5,000 
11,000 
39,000 

8,000 
55, 000 

87.000 

696,000 

1,378,000 

384,000 

5,000 

1,326,000 

901,000 

113,000 

240,000 

3,000 

2,000 

8.000 

7,000 

66.000 

14,000 

103,000 

4,000 

37,000 

32.000 

13,000 

185,000 

182, 000 

122. 000 

1,402,000 


Part. 
95 
95 
95 
89 
91 

91 
90 
88 
90 
95 

93 
9<) 
96 
9t) 
89 

92 
97 

98 
87 
94 

92 
92 
98 
96 
98 

98 
98 
95 
99 
99 

99 
95 
97 
98 


Pcrct. 
96 
92 
95 
91 
89 

91 
91 

88 
86 
93 

88 
93 
93 
94 

87 

93 
93 
89 

74 
86 

86 
86 
73 
95 
97 

92 
91 
92 
97 
96 

96 
95 

94 
81 


Bush. 
(000 on 
142 
27 
376 
1,936 
182 

116 
297 

1,064 
220 

1,620 

2,306 
20,045 
35,718 
10,322 
120 

28,058 

20, 975 

2,713 

4,802 

82 

52 

221 

206 

2,281 

453 

3,&36 

133 

1,441 

i,3;n 

528 

7,875 

7,262 

4,319 

45,341 


Bush. 
lit ted.) 

118 

25 

372 

2,081 

179 

121 
263 
664 
242 
1,603 

2,216 

21,351 

34,044 

12,394 

140 

22,700 

17,368 

1,981 

2,921 

76 

62 

127 

156 

1,189 

327 

2,530 

65 

1,294 

1,006 

467 

5.905 

6, 522 

3,673 

37,090 


CIS. 
82 
95 
80 
70 
70 

65 
74 
58 
54 
57 

61 
52 
43 
52 

38 
45 
51 
55 
80 

70 
73 

""'48' 
72 

61 

45 

"'55' 
93 

55 
51 
61 
54 


CIS. 
93 




88 




89 




83 




71 








73 


Ohio 


72 


Indiana 

Illinois 


68 
67 


Michigan 


n 




71 




67 




67 




81 


North Dakota. 


50 
65 




57 


Kansas 


62 


Kentucky 


77 
84 


Tpxns 


82 


Oklahoma 


61 

72 




75 




71 




69 




&3 


Utah 


68 


Nevada 


91 


1 Idaho 


67 




67 




71 


- California 


75 






United Ptn^tes 


100.4 


7, 528, 000 


9r>. 5 


90.1 


206, 430 


181, 881 


49.1 


68.1 







THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



Table 7. 



-Hmf, pasture, and rife: Condition June 1, tvith comparisons: price of hay and 
rye, and acreage of clover in percentage of last year. 





Hay (aH tame). 


Clover. 


Alfalfa. 


Pastore. 


Hay (all). 


Rye. 


State. 


Condition 
June 1. 


'•3 
g 


"S 

o 

%, . 

© CO 

MO 

& 

i 

< 


Condition 
June 1. 


Condition 
June 1. 


Condition 
June 1. 


Price 
June 1. 


Condition 
June 1. 


Price 
Jime 1. 




55 


> 


^ 






> 

bt ha 

r 




> 




S 


> 

U tJJ 




> 

C3 . 



en 


> 

Si 

•A 


Mfr 


P.c. 
90 
97 

m 

94 
95 

92 
91 

85 
90 
81 

83 
68 
82 
75 
73 

69 
70 

8(> 
82 
70 

89 
97 
95 
87 
65 

93 
99 

98 
82 
75 

70 
74 
82 
90 
95 

89 

85 

96 
102 
100 

93 
95 
97 
100 
99 

96 
97 
98 


p.c 
96 
94 
9f. 
93 
92 

92 
90 

84 
85 
80 

78 
78 
81 
80 
85 

86 
86 

82 
84 
84 

87 
91 
90 
90 
82 

90 
90 
89 
84 
83 

84 
88 
87 
89 
84 

84 
8.5 
97 
98 
92 

88 
92 
92 
95 
95 

95 
94 
80 


P.c. 
93 
91 
95 

m 

92 

88 
90 
89 
86 

87 
88 
92 

87 
85 

86 
84 
92 
91 
88 

85 
91 

89 
91 
88 

86 
90 
93 
85 
93 

93 
88 
89 
90 
94 

86 
91 

9a 

98 
96 

94 
100 

98 
97 
98 

99 
99 
100 


P.C 

no 

108 
100 
102 

98 
93 
100 
101 
103 

102 
104 
100 
102 
105 

100 


P.c. 
99 
98 
93 
92 
94 

82 
89 
84 
91 

85 

86 
70 
S3 

78 
82 

75 


p.c. 
95 
94 
95 
92 
93 

93 

91 

84 
86 
82 

79 
80 
86 
87 
87 

89 


P.C. 


p.c 


p.c. 
94 
95 
94 

95 
94 

94 
94 

88 
92 
82 

84 
70 
82 
74 
68 

68 
71 

90 
89 

75 

93 
98 
96 
92 
70 

94 
99 
96 
86 

82 

75 
78 
84 
92 
99 

87 
89 
98 
104 
101 

96 
90 
101 
101 

98 

97 

98 

104 


p.c. 
94 
94 
96 
92 
92 

93 
92 

88 
88 
84 

82 
?4 

87 
88 
87 

88 
86 
89 


Boh. 
13. 60 
16. 80 
15.00 
21.20 
21.20 

20.10 
15.20 
18.60 
14.80 
13.00 

15. 40 
15. 50 

16. 80 
17.90 
18.40 

18.20 
18.30 
12. SO 


BoJs. 
15.16 
16.92 
14.60 
19. S2 
23.28 

21.38 

15. SS 
20. 22 

16. 72 
18.30 

17.42 
16.50 
16.16 
16.68 
19.20 

19.00 
17. 38 


P.C. 


P.C 


Cts 


Cis. 


N. H 










93 
71 
95 




Vt 






93 

97 


93 
93 










88 


R.I 








Conn 






93 
91 
94 
95 
94 

94 
90 
92 

89 

87 

85 


95 
88 
94 
92 
90 

91 
90 
91 
92 

87 

89 


92 
72 
75 

77 
74 

71 
86 
82 
96 
200 

121 


87 


N. Y 


93 
93 
93 

88 

90 

85 
88 
84 
81 

78 


92 
88 
90 
87 

86 
86 
90 

87 
89 

90 


84 


N.J 


80 


Pa 


82 


Del 

Md 


74 

78 


Va 


84 


W.Va 

N. C 


87 
101 


S. C 


160 


Ga 


143 


Pfe 




Ohio 


97 
88 
76 

96 
101 
104 

97 

78 

105 
101 
96 
82 
89 

90 
105 
107 
110 
110 

100 
100 
105 
105 
100 

108 

"164' 
102 
115 

102 
108 
124 


86 
80 
68 

89 
97 
95 
90 
65 

96 
98 
94 

82 
80 

74 
80 
86 
90 
97 

90 
87 
100 
102 
97 

98 
78 

101 
99 

100 

98 
99 
101 


83 
83 

85 

88 
91 
91 
90 

84 

89 
92 

90 

85 
84 

87 
91 
89 
93 
89 

85 
88 
96 
96 
93 

95 
94 
95 

98 
97 

97 
96 
91 


92 
90 

89 

93 
93 
97 
95 
85 

97 
101 
105 
96 
90 

87 
92 
89 
91 
95 

91 
S9 
98 
102 
103 

95 
96 
95 
99 
99 

99 
95 
100 


86 
86 
87 

88 
90 
91 
92 

87 

92 
92 
91 

84 
88 

89 
90 
90 
90 
86 

87 
89 
96 
97 
91 

90 
93 
89 
95 
94 

96 
94 
93 


14.70 
13.86 
13.42 

14.38 


93 
92 
91 

93 
94 
93 
95 
92 

91 
96 

98 
9S 
94 

93 
79 


86 
86 
89 

87 
91 
90 
93 

88 

93 
93 

89 
80 

87 

88 
88 


68 
63 
64 

63 
56 
52 
64 

75 

50 
58 
60 
70 

83 

93 
126 


SO 


Ind 

Ill 


89 13.50 
89 14.20 

89 12.60 
91 10.60 


75 
77 


Mich 

Wis . . 


74 
74 




91 7.40 8.04 

92 10.40 9.98 
86 15.30 10. S6 


70 




73 


Mo 


81 


N. Dak.... 

S. Dak 

Nftin- 


90 
92 

88 
86 
87 


6.50 
7.10 
8.0G 
11.10 

17.80 


7.02 
7.36 
8.66 
8.36 
15.64 

15.72 


67 
68 
67 


Kans 

Ky 


76 
89 


Temi 


90 18.30 

91 16.40 


95 


Ala 


116 


Miss 


90 13.80 12.60 




La 


93 12.40 
90 12.30 

88 10.60 

92 14.20 
96 ; 7.70 
99 1 8.10 

93 10.10 

85 '13.00 
88 12.50 

94 9.20 


11.48 
11.34 

8. 12 
12. 58 
10.46 
10. 54 
11.92 

11.48 
11.90 
10.56 
11.70 
9.22 

13. 96 
10.86 
11.88 








Tex 


86 

100 
91 
98 
97 
99 


79 

79 
87 
96 
96 
92 


95 

75 
80 
66 
70 
62 


101 


Okla 


78 


Ark 


89 


Mont 


76 


Wvo 


78 


Colo 


74 


N. Mex 




Ariz 










Utah 


102 


96 


75 


72 


Nev 


96 

98 

96 
96 

88 


8.00 
8.00 

12.30 
9. ,50 

8.80 




Idaho 

Wash 

Oretr 


98 

97 
99 
101 


97 

96 
94 
84 


67 

70 
83 
95 


76 

92 
96 


Cal 


86 


U. S... 


88.7 


87.4 


90.9 


90.4 


81.4 


!(5.7 


98.9 


91.1 


89.8 


90.0 


12.34 


12.90 


93.6 


S9.7 


64.4 


76.8 



16 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 604. 



Table 8. 



-Apples, peaches, pears, and berries: Condition June 1, with comparisons and 
prices of apples. 





Apples. 


Peaches. 


Pears. 


Black- 
berries. 


Rasp- 
berries. 


State. ' - - 


Condition 
June 1. 


Price 
May 15. 


Condition 
Jime 1. 


Condition 
June 1. 


Conditioa 
June 1. 


Condition 
June 1. 




en 


> 

03 
<n fcjo 

i-H 


M* 


> 




> 

1^ 


, 


C3 0) 




> 

00 


Tt< 


l-i (>0 

r 


Maine 


P.ct. 
98 
86 
95 
92 
90 

78 
88 
88 
86 
84 

80 
70 
80 

7S 
68 

70 


P.ct. 
91 

86 
88 
86 

87 

87 
84 
72 
72 
69 

66 

58 
58 
59 
60 

58 


as. 

130 
140 

"i75" 

145 
140 
130 
125 
175 

"iso' 

200 
120 
200 

170 


Cts. 
100 
124 
103 
125 
165 

"ioe' 

93 
97 

102 
104 
119 
118 

184 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 
94 

80 
88 
82 

85 

78 
73 
83 
76 
30 

69 
60 
60 
73 
68 

60 
70 
65 
61 

62 

SO 
85 


p.ct. 
91 
86 

88 
83 
84 

87 
80 
67 
65 
53 

58 
51 
48 
54 
60 

56 
57 
56 
57 
50 

73 
71 


p.ct. 
91 

87 
90 
90 

87 

93 

87 
90 

88 
78 

88 
85 
91 
90 

78 

7S 


p.ct. 
92 
92 
90 
90 
92 

95 
91 

88 
88 
87 

88 
91 
91 
93 
89 

91 


P.ct. 
91 

86 
88 
90 

87 

91 
88 
90 
90 
84 

89 

82 
91 

88 
75 

76 


P.ct. 
91 


New Hampshire 


15 


68 


90 


Vermont 


89 




25 
43 

45 
20 
85 
60 
70 

72 
67 
73 
83 

77 

80 
72 
59 
62 
68 

52 


68 
69 

69 
63 
64 

58 
59 

59 
52 
S3 
56 
65 

66 
73 
48 
54 
49 

61 


89 


Rtiode Island 


89 


Connecticut 


91 


New York 


90 




86 


Pennsylvania 


87 




81 


Maryland 


85 




87 


West Virginia 


86 




89 

83 


South Carolina 




90 


Florida 




Ohio 


71 
56 

50 

84 
79 
73 
53 
69 


59 
61 

58 

76 
78 
78 
66 
56 


175 
130 
124 

100 
140 

"ieo' 

160 


110 

128 
132 

S4 
120 
169 
138 
120 


87 
89 
81 

90 
96 
92 
90 
86 


87 
88 
86 

86 
85 
83 
82 
82 


87 
86 
81 

90 
94 
89 
87 
83 


85 




85 




83 


Michigan 


86 


Wisconsin 


84 








84 




75 
67 


37 
46 


70 
60 


49 
43 


78 




78 


North Dakota 




South Dakota. . . 


79 
70 
60 
73 

71 
65 
58 
60 
62 

60 
77 
95 
98 
97 

87 
75 
98 
80 
85 

88 
86 
81 


80 
67 
60 
59 

54 
58 
56 
60 
69 

66 
63 
90 

84 
75 

67 
65 
79 
66 
88 

89 
84 
81 


200 
240 
190 
160 

165 


196 
126 
142 
162 

164 














87 
80 
80 
91 

86 
85 
85 
85 
80 

76 
89 
97 
97 
98 

92 
85 
97 
97 
98 

95 
96 

94 


84 


Nebraska 


50 
70 

78 

68 
58 
61 
52 
01 

20 

55 


42 

48 
54 

53 
62 
64 
64 
62 

62 
65 


62 
70 

68 

5? 
47 
60 
55 
50 

30 
55 
95 


48 
50 

52 

46 
52 
53 
59 
61 

56 

• 50 

86 


80 
81 
95 

SO 
86 
88 
90 
84 

79 
90 
94 


80 
81 
90 

94 
92 
90 
89 
82 

82 
89 


78 




77 


Kentucky 


85 


Tennessee 


86 




86 




125 
100 
155 

190 
180 
100 
275 
150 

230 
310 
120 
210 
110 

130 

175 
140 


95 

"'ies' 

151 
144 
142 


86 


Louisiana 


80 




80 


Oklahoma 


76 




84 


Montana 


90 










Colorado 


160 

"iis' 

"'i28' 

115 
122 
125 


90 

75 
81 
98 
90 
73 

65 
76 
85 


50 

54 
63 
66 
55 
58 

71 

68 
76 


95 

83 
79 
89 
90 
80 

S3 
75 
80 


58 

62 
74 
70 

'"so" 

87 
80 
79 


98 

91 

88 
96 
100 
97 

94 
96 
95 


83 

'"'96' 

"'92' 

95 
96 
94 


84 


New Mexico 




Arizona 




Utah..; 


89 






Idaho 


93 




95 




94 


California 


94 






United States 


73.7 


66.5 


146.4 


122.5 


61.7 


59.2 


68.4 


65.3 


87.5 


87.1 


89.0 


85.8 







THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



lY 



Table 9.- 



-Melons, cabbages, onions, beans, beets, peas: Condition June 1, with 
comparisons. 





Water- 
melons. 


Canta- 
loupes. 


Cabbages. 


Onions. 


Lima 
beans. 


Canadian 
peas. 


Sugar 
beets. 


State. 






en 


1 a^ 
> 

CO 03 




> 

00 C3 






en 


1 ^ 

OC' C3 





■ p 

00 S 




>-.2 

00 03 




P.C. 

94 
80 
75 
95 

SO 

85 
80 
82 
85 
84 

78 
74 
78 
74 
74 

70 
76 
80 
SO 

81 

90 

88 
92 
90 

79 

90 
93 
89 

?^ 

73 
79 
79 

73 
79 
94 
91 
90 

86 
91 
95 
98 
94 

89 
90 
95 


P.C. 

""82 
79 

77 
79 

78 
78 
78 
81 

78 

82 
83 
79 
88 
80 

83 
84 
82 
85 
76 

""84 
79 
80 

81 
81 

77 
78 
78 

78 
75 

88 

""87 

83 
90 

84 

""89 

88 
88 
88 


P.C. 
94 

85 
70 
92 
85 

88 
88 
80 
85 
SI 

80 
75 
79 
74 
72 

68 
68 
84 
80 
80 

91 
92 
93 

90 

85 

87 
93 

87 
87 
80 

74 
75 
77 
82 

7-i 

74 
79 
94 
95 
93 

86 
89 
95 
100 
90 

93 
94 
96 


P.C. 

""so 

J6 
91 

87 
85 
80 
80 

78 

78 
78 
78 
81 
78 

80 
79 
80 
79 

80 

83 
84 
83 
86 

77 

""87 
83 
79 

78 

80 
80 
75 

78 
78 

78 
75 
84 

""ss 

84 
90 
82 

""so 

87 
88 
89 


P.C. 

91 
91 
91 

90 
94 

88 
89 
83 

87 
89 

86 
78 
84 
75 
70 

69 
82 
84 
83 

78 

93 
93 
91 
92 

79 

90 
92 
94 
85 

85 

79 

77 
77 
86 
82 

86 
84 
95 
95 
94 

91 
86 
97 

98 
98 

91 
94 
96 


P.C 

95 
93 
94 

88 
91 

94 
90 
85 

85 
88 

84 
87 
86 
88 
85 

88 
90 
86 
86 
86 

86 
89 
88 
91 

82 

87 
88 
87 
82 

87 

89 
87 
85 
83 
80 

80 
82 
94 
94 

89 

86 
90 
91 
95 
95 

92 
93 
91 


P.C. 

92 

88 
92 
88 
94 

89 
85 
90 

91 
89 

91 
83 

88 
82 
74 

76 


P.C. 
91 
92 
90 
90 
90 

90 
89 

88 
90 

88 

90 
91 
91 
92 

88 

89 


P.C. 

98 
89 
100 
95 
90 

93 

83 
83 
88 
76 

86 
78 
86 
76 
67 

69 


P.C. 

93 
93 

82 

90 
89 
81 

83 
80 

78 
84 
85 
86 
83 

88 


P.C. 

97 
97 
99 
95 
100 

94 
90 
91 
91 
92 

75 
70 
92 

75 
75 

69 


P.C. 

96 


P.C. 


P.C. 


New Hampshire. . . 






Vermont 


95 






Massachusetts 






Rhode Island 








Connecticut 








New York 


92 






New Jersey 






Pennsylvania 








Delaware 


SO 
77 






Maryland 




Virginia 


' "'1 


West Virginia 


86 
85 

S2 


1 ■■ 


North Carolina 


" "i 


South Carolina 




Georeia 




Florida 




1 


Ohio 


88 
85 
82 

92 
93 
93 
94 

84 

92 
96 
96 
93 

89 

86 
83 

85 

87 
86 

93 
91 
96 

98 
96 

90 
90 
99 

98 
97 

91 
94 
96 


90 
88 
91 

86 
90 
90 
94 

87 

91 
91 
89 

87 
92 

93 
92 
90 

87 
85 

87 
90 
92 

95 
92 

91 
94 
94 
94 

95 

92 
93 
92 


86 

82 

91 

88 
100 
91 

84 

83 
100 
93 
91 
83 

75 
72 
82 
89 
86 

91 

87 
98 
94 

97 

85 
90 
98 
94 
98 

97 
98 
98 


85 
82 

84 

85 
88 
89 
88 
85 

""85 
85 
85 

87 
88 
86 
87 
81 

79 
83 

""96 


80 
85 
82 

95 
95 

98 
92 
85 

98 
92 




"si 

88 

89 
94 
90 

89 
81 


85 
85 
95 

91 
89 
90 
96 


86 






Illinois 


£0 


Michigan ... 


86 


Wisconsin 


91 


Minnesota 

Iowa 


89 
92 


Missouri 




North Dakota 






South Dakota 








Nebraska 




97 
90 


90 


Kansas 


90 

80 

82 
79 
76 
85 
So 

90 
86 
97 
103 
97 

92 


"'S2 


90 


Kentucky 




Tennessee . 




Alabama 






Mississippi 




1 


Louisiana 


86 
79 


1 


Texas 




Oklahoma 






Arkansas 










99 

"■94 

86 


95 
96 

97 

90 


95 


Wyoming 


94 




91 


New Mexico 

Arizona 


88 
93 


Utah 


92 


102 




99 
95 
96 

90 
100 
99 


91 


Nevada 




Idaho 


96 

90 
90 
93 


100 

94 
97 
92 


95 

96 
93 
89 


93 


Washington 


95 
94 
91 


California 






United States. 


77.9 


79.7 


82. 1 


80.0 


86.5 


86.8 


88.2 


89.7 


84.8 


84.4 






95.3 


89.5 











18 



FAKMEES BULLETIN 604, 



Table 10. — Prices to producers of agricultural products, June l.\ 
[Prices for wheat are given on page 12, oats on page 13, barley on page 14, hay and rye on page I5.] 





Corn. 


Potatoes. 


Buck- 
wheat. 


Flaxseed. 


Ccftton. 


Butter. 


F'ggs. 


Chickens. 


State. 


-r 


• > 

«3 03 


05 


10 03 





• > 

lO 03 


-f 

S 


U5 S 


01 


a> 03 

' > 
•O 03 






CO 


<D 03 

■ > 


01 


IH ■ 




Cts. 

84 
82 
7S 
85 
95 

75 
81 

80 
77 
79 

77 
89 
89 
97 
101 

98 

88 
70 
07 

(VS 

07 
02 
55 

a3 

78 

00 
59 
67 

77 
87 

&S 
90 
88 
87 
91 

79 
88 


Cts. 
79 
78 
76 
80 
90 

78 

7/ 
74 
74 

/o 
^4 
84 
94 
99 

97 
94 

60 
62 
01 

00 
61 
54 
56 

00 

63 
55 

50 

62 
76 

79 
92 
90 

83 

82 

07 
83 
102 
68 
71 

9!.' 

lir 

S3 


Cts. 

60 
82 
72 
96 
103 

.100 
81 
Bi 

87 
«0 

81 
94 
92 
136 

119 
120 

80 
88 
92 

60 
53 
53 

89 
105 

01 
70 
92 
99 
109 

109 
109 
100 
101 
115 

115 
113 

65 
67 
59 

134 
135 

63 
55 
51 

4C 
40 
60 


Cts. 
70 
82 
77 
96 
98 

93 
72 

89 

78 
88 

80 
84 
87 
97 
131 

121 
121 

76 
78 
89 

57 
55 
61 
76 
95 

72 
82 
89 
111 
100 

97 
112 
111 

96 
104 

121 

106 
88 

104 
SO 

119 
126 

81 

105 

75 

78 
81 
102 


Cts. 
61 

'"'S9 
95 


Ctg. 

81 
76 
89 
88 


CIS. 


Cts. 


CIS. 


Cts. 


Cfs. 
29 
30 
27 
33 
32 

34 

27 
31 
26 
27 

25 
23 
23 
23 

20 

25 
33 
22 
21 
23 

00 

h 

24 
24 

20 

20 
22 
20 
20 
20 

IS 

^1 
22 
29 
21 

20 
22 
30 

28 
25 

35 
34 

28 
32 

20 

2f 
28 
20 


CU. 
29 
29 
29 
32 
33 

33 
28 
32 
27 
25 

25 
23 
22 
23 

25 

23 
32 
22 
21 
23 

23 
25 
25 
23 
20 

22 
22 
20 
21 
20 

18 
20 
21 
26 
20 

20 
21 
31 
29 
27 

32 
34 
29 
34 
27 

28 
29 
28 


Cts. 
22 
24 
22 
26 
25 

26 
21 
23 
19 
20 

IS 
17 

IS 
17 
20 

18 
21 
18 
17 
17 

18 
17 
16 
16 
16 

14 
10 
15 
15 
16 

15 
16 
16 
18 
14 

14 
15 
19 
21 
19 

26 
25 
19 
28 

IS 

20 
19 
22 


Cts. 
21 
22 
20 
27 
20 

25 
20 
23 
19 
19 

IS 
17 
17 
16 

18 

IS 
21 
18 
17 
17 

IS 
17 
10 
16 
15 

15 
15 
15 
15 
15 

14 
15 
15 
16 
14 

14 
15 
23 
22 
20 

22 

28 
IS 
29 
21 

22 
21 
21 


as. 

14.4 

14.7 
14.0 
17.4 
18.0 

16.5 
15. 7 
17.6 
14.8 
15.0 

16.5 
14.9 
12.8 
12.9 
13.5 

14.0 
15.4 
13.0 
12.0 
12.5 

12.9 

12.5 
10.6 
10.8 
12.0 

10.2 
9.4 
10.] 
10.6 

ir.§ 

12.4 
13.0 
13.0 
12.9 
10.4 

10.0 
11.2 
14.0 
12.0 
13.0 

1.5.0 
18.7 
13.2 
19.3 
11.2 

14.6 
14.1 
15.6 


CIS. 

15.1 


New Hampshire. 










14.6 










13,1 












10.0 












17.2 




80 
85 
S9 
75 
70 

80 
89 
84 
87 


93 

84 
73 
79 

85 
82 
79 
86 










16.0 












14.8 












17.4 












13.4 












14.7 












14.9 








13.0 


12.3 


14.2 








11.9 








13.0 
13.1 

13.3 
15.0 


12.4 
12.0 

12.6 
16.3 


11.9 








11.9 












13.1 


Florida 











13.8 


Ohio 


77 
68 
100 

71 
70 

74 
75 


79 
79 
95 

74 
76 
74 
90 
98 






11.9 












11.3 












11.2 












11 ? 




148 
139 
120 
120 

137 
135 


179 
17S 
171 
150 

181 
178 
153 
104 






11.4 








9.8 








9.9 


Missouri 


12.0 


10.9 


10.8 


North Dakota 


9.7 


South Dakota . 










8.7 












9.4 








110 






9.5 












11.2 


Tennessee 


80 


80 






12.0 
12.9 
12. 5 
11.9 
11.0 

11.2 

11.8 


12.1 
12.4 
12.4 
12.3 
12.0 

11.4 
12.0 


11.5 
11.6 


Misassippi 










11.9 










1.3.0 


Texas 










9.2 












9.3 












9.9 








139 
125 
122 


193 


14.5 




95 
71 

82 
130 










14.4 


Colorado 












12.6 


New Mexico.. 












12.7 
















10. 6 


Utah . 














12.8 
















21.6 


Idaho.. 


7f 
70 
89 


92 

93 
93 
93 














12.0 


Washington 














11.1 














12.0 


California. 














14.4 


















United States. 


75.0 


67.9 


71.3 


74.7 


79.0 


76.6 


136. 8 


179.7 


12.4 


12.3 


22.8 


23.4 


17.3 


17.0 


12.5 


11.5 



1 Corn, potatoes, buckwheat, and flaxseed in cents per bushel; cotton, butter, chickens, cents per ijound; 
eggs, cents per dozen. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 
Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of agricultural products May 15. 



19 





Hogs. 


Beef cattle. 


Veal calves. 


Sheep. 


Wool. 


Milch cows. 


Horses. 


State. 




C3 lb 


o 


5s. 


^ 

S? 


S) =3 

g-.s 
■ > 


01 


1 > 

^ 03 


•^ 




U4 • 

^ be 

oj a 




C3 si, 


a: 


C3 tJ3 

• > 

-f :3 


Me 

N.H 

Vt 


D(fls. 
7.80 
9.30 
7.70 
8.40 
9.80 

10.00 
8.00 
8.50 
8.30 
8.50 

8.40 

7.yo 

7.90 
7.-50 
7.30 

7.70 
7.00 
8. 00 
8.00 

7.80 

7.80 
7.90 
7.70 
7.80 
7.60 

7.10 
7.50 

r.m 

7.70 
7.50 

7.30 
7.00 
6. .50 
6.50 
7.20- 

7.30 

6.50 
7.60 
7.50 
7.70 

7.70 

8.00 
7.00 
8. .50 
7.40 

7.80 
7.50 
7.90 


Dols. 

7. 75 
7.90 
7.10 
7.83 
8.07 

8.67 

7.48 
8.75 
7.85 
7.70 

7.50 
7.20 
7.40 
7.40 
7.65 

7.32 

6. 98 

7. .50 
7.42 
7.32 

7.42 
7.28 
7! 02 
7.20 
7.02 

6.98 
7.05 
7.08 
7.12 
7.02 

6.75 
6.75 
6.30 
6.08 
6.65 

6.88 
6.00 
7.68 
7.5.5 
7.30 

7.65 
7.77 
7.25 
7.90 
7.50 

8.02 
8.18 
7.38 


DoU. 
6.90 
7.20 
5.40 

7.10 
7.00 

8.0O 
6.00 
7.00 
7. .30 
6.50 

7. .50 
6.40 
6.tj0 
5.20 
4.70 

4.70 
5.00 
7.10 
7.0O 
7.10 

6.50 
6.00 
6.20 
7. 30 
6.90 

5.90 
6.70 
7.00 
7.10 
6.30 

5.70 
4.40 
4.60 
5.30 
5.60 

6.00 

4.80 
6.70 
7.00 
6.90 

6.90 
6.20 
6.00 
6.80 
6.20 

7.00 
6.60 
6.60 


Dols. 

7. 4S 
6.58 
5.12 

8.73 
5. 55 
6.08 
6.42 
5.63 

5. 6.5 
5.28 
5.32 
4.25 
4.15 

4.20 
4.72 
5.98 

5. 50 
5.75 

5. 45 
4.,S.5 
4.78 
6.02 
5.58 

4.65 
5.45 
5.95 

5.82 
4.85 

4.45 
3.22 
3.82 

4. 38 
4.58 

4.82 
3.78 
5.92 
5.42 
5.90 

5.38 
5.73 
5.55 
6.17 
O.40 

5.68 

6. as 

6.00 


DoU. 
7.80 
8.90 
7.10 
9.00 
10.00 

9.60 
8.40 
9.80 
8.80 
9.70 

9.10 

8.20 
8.00 
6.00 
5.30 

5. .50 
6.60 
S.20 
7.70 
8.20 

7.90 

7.80 
7.40 
7.80 
7.70 

7.40 
7.60 
8.00 
7.90 
7.30 

6.30 
5.20 
5.90 

5.80 
6.00 

6.70 
6.00 
8.70 
9.80 
9.00 

8.90 
8.00 
8.10 
8.30 
7.60 

7.70 
8.30 
7.40 


DoU. 
7.42 
7. .58 
6.40 
S.33 

9.33 
7.10 
8.02 
7.48 
8.47 

8.25 
7.00 
6. .38 
4.88 
5.0O 

4.75 
5. 63 

6.88 
6.42 
6.52 

6.68 
6.25 
6.00 
6.15 
6.08 

5.85 
6.00 
6.52 
6.35 
6.05 

5.32 
4.08 
4.45 
4.98 
5.32 

.5.90 
.5.18 
8.0O 
8.27 
7.63 

7.10 

'8." 22' 
7.97 
6.85 

8.55 
7.65 
6.50 


Dols. 

5.00 
5.00 
4.20 


Doh. 
4.70 
5.03 
4.40 


Cfn. 

19 
20 
20 
20 

18 

20 
19 
20 
20 
20 

21 
20 
21 
20 
16 

19 
19 
21 

20 
18 

21 
19 
17 

18 
19 

16 
16 
16 
16 
21 

IS 
14 
16 

"'1.5' 

15 
15 
17 
16 
16 

14 
14 
15 

14 
17 

16 

17 
15 


Cis. 
22 
22 
21 

'"26' 
19 
22 

21 
22 
22 
22 
18 

24 
20 
20 
20 
20 

20 
19 

18 
17 
20 

17 
18 
15 
16 
22 

21 
19 
19 
18 
16 

16 
18 
18 
18 
16 

14 

14 
17 

16 
16 
14 


DoU. 
57.00 
58.00 
58.50 
70.00 
75.00 

70.00 
62.50 
75.00 
62.40 
54.20 

60.00 
4S. 40 
59.00 
39.60 
41.40 

37.90 
43.80 
63.20 
57.20 
64.70 

60.70 
70.00 
60.60 
63. 40 
60.00 

64.60 
67.70 
67.50 
62.70 
52.50 

48.20 
39.10 
40.90 
36.70 
53.60 

56.20 
44. 30 
83.30 
77.70 
68.60 

62.80 
100. 00 
70.40 
68.70 
79.20 

77.70 
69.10 
70.00 


DoU. 
50.30 
54.30 

48.78 


DoU. 
225 
172 
190 
246 


DoU. 
198 
175 
163 






B.I 


5.20 

6.00 
4.10 
4.80 
5.40 
5.10 

5.00 
4.50 
4. .50 
4.00 
4.90 

4.40 
5.20 
4.50 
4.40 
4.70 

4.60 
5.10 
4.60 
4.80 
4.60 

4.90 
5.00 
5.70 
5.30 
4.00 

4.00 
3.70 
4.60 
5.10 
5.00 

.5.00 
3.90 
5.30 
5.70 
6.00 

4.80 
4.00 
5.50 
5.20 
4.40 

5.10 

4.50 
4.90 


"i.'ss 

4.77 
5.08 
5.30 

4.95 
4.45 
4. .50 
i.-iO 
5.20 

4.72 
4.27 
4. .52 
4.40 
4.72 

4.75 
4.70 
4.52 
4.90 
4.72 

4.82 
4.92 
5.55 
5.28 
3.90 

3.88 
3.42 
3.80 
3.83 
4.35 

.5.12 
3.88 
5.55 
5.17 
5.20 

4.85 

"5.' 62' 

'5."i2' 

.5.48 
5.35 
5.00 




Conn 


60.67 
54.02 
57. 98 
49.68 
45.83 

38.72 
38. 78 
41.08 
33. 30 
36. 15 

34. 10 
37.82 
40. 65 
46. ,32 
51.70 

46.25 
40. 48 
44. 55 
49. 95 
47.12 

47.08 
47.18 
48.40 
49.52 
40.78 

37.92 
31.15 
31.20 
32. 72 
43.35 

45.08 
31.:38 
59. 12 
58. 15 
53.90 

53.90 

52."25" 

55.'38" 

61.40 
.51.52 
.54.15 


200 
175 
180 
180 
135 

150 
147 
150 
160 
170 

156 
146 
1&4 
147 
149 

174 
180 
155 
155 
124 

1.38 
125 
126 
120 
126 

141 
138 
119 
85 
95 

100 
103 
139 
86 
102 

70 
117 
126 
122 
116 

127 
101 
129 


217 


N. Y 

N.J 


178 
192 


Pa 

Dei 

Md 

Va 


179 
15.5 

145 
146 


W. Va 

N.C 

S.C 


144 
149 
178 


Ga 

Fla 


160 
150 


Ohio 


172 


Ind 


158 


lU 


154 


Mich 

W is . 


172 
166 




1C& 


Iowa 

Mo 


165 
129 


N". Dak 

S. Dak 

Nebr 

Kans 

Ky 


164 
146 
134 
134 
134 


Tenn 


151 


Ala 


1 SO 


Miss 


124 


La :... 


95 


Tex 


95 


Okia 


110 


Ark 


lU 


Mont 

Wvo 


146 

124 


Colo 


118 


N.Mex 


92 


Utah 


116 


Idaho 


135 


Wash . . 


153 


Oreg 


l'''-5 


Cal.. .. 


152 






U. S.... 


7.60 


7.14 


6.33 


5.30 


7.59 


6.34 


4.87 


4.99 


17.2 


17.9 


59.85 


46.84 


139 


14(i 



1 Hoses, cattie, calves, and sheep, dollars per 100 pounds; horses and cows, dollars per head; wool, cenld 
per pound. 



20 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 604. 

Table 12. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Prorlucts. 



Hogs per 100 pounds. 

Beef cattle do. . . 

Veal calves do. . . 

Sheep do. - . 

Lambs do. . . 

Milch cows per tend. 

Horses do. . . 

Honey, comb per pound. 

Apples per bushel. 

I'eanuts per pound . 

Beans (dry) per bushel. 

Sweet potatoes do. . . 

Cabbages per 100 pounds. 

Onions per bushel. 

Wool, unwashed, .per pound. 

Clover seed per bushel. 

Timothy seed do... 

Alfalfa seed do. . . 

Broom com per ton. 

Cotton seed do. . . 

Maple sugar per pound . 

Maple sirup per gallon. 

Hops per pound . 

Paid by farmers: 

Bran per ton . 

Cloverseed per bushel. 

Timothy seed do... 

Alfalfa seed do... 



Mav 1.5. 



19U 1913 1912 1911 1910 



60 
33 
59 
87 
49 
85 
00 

.137 

.46 

. 051 

.31 

.93 

.05 

.53 

.172 

.87 

.38 

.77 

.00 

.56 

.123 

.10 

.218 



28.08 



2.97 
8.38 



24.59 
12. 90 
2.40 
9.75 



.00 

.21 

.116 

.09 

.372 



81.00 
25.46 



25.93 



.166 
26.10 



June 15. 



24.67 
12.47 
2.44 
9.73 



29.35 
13.49 
7.37 
10. 25 



April 15. 



1914 1913 1912 



28. 50 
9.84 

2.95 
8.17 



24. 



21. 69 
12.90 
2.43 
9.90 



S6.78 

5.15 

6.22 

4.67 

5.98 

45. 14 

142. 00 

.138 

1.15 

.019 

2.37 

1.17 

3.17 

1.75 

.173 

12.91 

7.27 



101.00 

18.02 

.125 

1.08 



29.73 



Table 13. — Range of prices of agricultural products at marlcet centers. 



Products and markets. 


June 1, 1914. 


May, 1914. 


April, 1914. 


May, 1913. 


May, 1912. 


Wheat per bushel: 












No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . 


$0. 93|-$0. 95 J 


SO. 93 -$0. 98.^ 


SO. 92 -SO. 96 


$0. 95 -$1. 12 


$1. 16 -SI. 25i 


No.. 2 red winter, Chicago 


. 05 - . 96 


. 94 - 1. 00* 


.92J- .951 


.99i- 1. 17| 


l.lOg- 1.20 


No. 2 red winter, New York i 


1. 10^- 1. 11 


1.04 - 1. Hi 


1. 03 - 1. 05 


1.12 - 1.15 


1. 18 - 1. 27 


Com per bashel: 












No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 


. 70 - . 70J 


.69i- .73 


.68i- .7U 


.56- .61 


. 79 - .85 


No. 2, Chicago 


. 70 - . 70 J 


. 67 - . 72J 


. 64 - . 69.^ 


. 55J- . 60 


. 761- . 82i 


No. 2 mixed, New York ' 






. 71 - . 76J 


.62i- .66 


. 83 - . 87i 


Oats per bushel: 






No. 2, St. Louis 


.39i- .40 


.38J- .41 


.38J- .41 


. 35 - . 40J 


. 53 - . 571 


No. 2, Chicago 


.39|- .39i 
.65i- .65J 


. 37 - . 421 
.62- .67 


. 37 - . 39i- 
. 60 - .63 


.35J- .43 
. 60 - .64 


. 50^ . 58 


Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago.. 


.90- .95J 


Baled hay per ton: No. 1 tim- 














15. 00 -16. 00 


15.00 -17.50 


15.00 -17.00 


14. 00 -16. 50 


24. 00 -28. 00 


Hops per poimd: Choice, New 




York 


. 38 - .40 


. 38 - .41 


. 39 - .44 


. 20 - .23 


. 40 - .52 


Wool per pound: 




Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. 


. 22 - .23 


. 22 - .23 


. 22 - .22 


.20- .21 


. 21 - .21 


Best tub washed, St. Louis. . 


.31 - .31 


. 30 - .31 


. 29 - ,30 


. 28 - .29 


. 31 - .35 


Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 












7.95 - 8.00 


7. 80 - 8. 67^- 


8.00 - 8.95 


8. 25 - 8. 75 


7.25 - 7.90 


Butter per pomid: 




Creamery , extra. New York. . 


.27- .271 


.25^- .27 


.24^ .26J 


.271- ,31 


. 26 - . 351 


Creamery , extra, Elgin 


.26i- .26i 


.23i- .26 


.231- .25 


. 27 - .30 


. 25 - .31 


Eggs per dozen: 












Average best fresh, New York 


.22i- .24 J 


. 22 - .24 


. 20 - .26 


. 21 - .2.5 


.20J- .24 


Average best fresh, St. Louis. 


.174- -l^j 


. 171- • 18-1 


.17- .18i 


.17 - .171 


. 16 - . 17i 


Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New 












York 


.13i- .13J 


.13- .131 


. 13 - . 16i 


. 121- . 14 


. 14 - .16 







1 F. 0. b. afloat. 

2 September colored— September to April, inclusive; new colored— May to July, inclusive; colored- 
August. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



21 



'Eable 14. — The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on July 1, in each 

State. 



States. 


E 
o 


i 
t 

.g 


1 

to 

.a 
K 

m 





.2 


CD 





d 



1 


8 




a 








Bu. 
46.0 
46.0 
4.5. 
47.0 
42.0 

.51.0 
43.0 
42.0 
46.0 
36.0 

39.0 

28.0 
33.5 
20.7 
22.0 

17.0 
16.0 
44.0 
43.5 
41.3 

41.0 
41.0 
40.0 
39.5 
35.0 

32.0 
32.0 
30.0 
24.5 
32.5 

29.0 
19.5 
22.0 
25.0 
26.0 

23.0 
24.5 
30.0 
27.0 
24.0 

29.0 
35.0 
34.0 
35.0 
34.0 

30.0 
31.0 
41.0 


Bu. 


Bu. 
26.5 

'•27.6' 


Bu. 
40.5 
38.5 
41.3 

37 5 


Bu. 
30.5 
28.4 
33.5 


Bu. 

'io.'s' 

IS. 5 


Bu. 
230 
140 
140 
134 
140 

120 
110 
112 
96 
107 

100 
100 
101 
91 
101 

91 
104 
99 
98 
96 

112 
120 
124 
100 
92 

115 
92 
90 
85 
95 

.88 
94 
100 
85 
80 

SO 
90 

leo 

150 
130 

95 

105 
185 
172 
185 

165 
140 

147 


Lbs. 

i'sso' 

1,800 
1,800 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Ton,<i. 

1.25 

1.30 

1.50 

1.37 

1.30 

1.35 
1.50 
1.60 
1.60 
1.65 

1. 65 
1.50 
1.55 
1.55 
1.40 

1.60 
1.50 
1.70 
1.60 
1.58 

1.57 
1.70 
1.85 
1.65 
1.50 

1.50 
1.60 
1.60 
1.60 
1.50 

1.65 
1.70 
1.70 
1.80 
1.50 

1.35 
1.55 
1.95 
2.45 
2.50 

2.60 
3.60 
3.00 
3.10 
3.10 

2.40 
2.30 
2.00 


Los. 






Vermont 




















33.0 

36.0 
36.0 
34.5 
35.5 
35.5 

33.0 
24.5 
27.5 
21.4 
25.7 

23.4 
20.0 
41.0 
38. 5 
41.0 

37.0 
38.5 
40.0 
38.0 
34.0 

34.0 
34.5 
32. 5 
35.5 
28.0 

25.7 
22. 5 
23.0 
25.0 
40.0 

36.0 

28.5 
49.0 
40.0 
43.0 

38.0 
45.0 

48.0 
45.0 
47.0 

52.0 
39.0 
41.0 








Connecticut 






'29.'5' 

'is.'s' 

32.3 
30.0 


20.0 
19.1 
18.8 
18.0 
16.0 

16.7 
14.0 
14.0 
11.0 
11.5 

10.6 


1,720 
1,300 








22.5 
19.5 
19.2 
IS. 2 

18.0 
14.0 
14.6 
11.6 
13.0 

13.0 











New Jersey 








1,540 
















Maryland 


800 
870 
860 
SOO 
910 

900 
920 
990 
1,040 
920 










265 






'31.8' 
28.0 

31.0 
30.0 






295 


South Carolina 


280 


Georgia 


240 


Florida 


145 




20.0 
19.0 
19.8 

19.7 
22.5 

"2.5.'6' 
18.0 

'23.'6' 
19.0 
14.6 

12.8 
13.5 
1.5.0 

'ie.'s' 

17.5 
13.2 
30.0 
32.0 
29.0 

24.3 
32.0 
26. 
25.5 
30.5 

28.6 
25.5 
20.5 


'26.' 3' 

17.5 
18.2 

14.0 
15.0 
17.0 
16.0 

'■26.' 5' 
29.5 

28.5 

25.0 
27.5 
30.0 
31.0 
28.5 

22.0 
21.0 


31.5 
31.0 
32.0 

29.0 
31.0 
29.5 
30.0 
27.5 

25.0 
27.0 
27.0 
26.0 
29.3 

28.5 


19.0 
18.0 
19.5 

16.7 
19,0 
22.0 
20.5 
17.0 

19.4 
20.0 
19.0 

18.5 
15.0 

13.3 

12.7 




























1,300 

i,'i66' 
i,'666' 

900 
700 


15.0 
11.0 

11.8 
8.2 

9.8 
9.6 
9.8 
8.5 










Iowa 






345 


North Dakota 




South Dakota 








Kansa.s . 




Kentucky 

Tennessee 






'33.' 6' 

35.0 
37.0 
39.0 

'43.'6' 


242 


Alabama 


220 




250 








590 
800 

"776' 


11.0 

'i6.'9' 


230 


Texas 


32.0 

31.0 

'36.' 5' 
34.5 
39.5 

35.0 
41.0 
43.0 
41.0 
43.5 

42.3 
37.0 
33.0 


17.5 

15.5 
12.7 
23.5 
23.5 
20.0 

'20.'6' 

'23." 6' 

22.0 
18.0 
19.0 


209 


Oklahoma 


225 


Arkansas 


238 














8.0 




















Utah 


:::;::l.:... 




















































54.0 












Uniled States 


31.8 


19.7 


16.6 


37.1 


30.2 


18.5 


114.8 


965.1 


10.1 


38.5 


1.70 


231. 8 







22 



FARMEES BULLETIN 604. 



COTTON CONDITION MAY 25. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Statistics (Crop 
Estimates), United States Department of Agriculture, estimates, from 
the reports of the correspondents and agents of the bureau, that the 
condition of the cotton crop on May 25 was 74.3 per cent of a normal, 
as compared with 79.1 on May 25, 1913, 78.9 on May 25, 1912, 87.8 
on May 25, 1911, and 80.4, the average of the past 10 years on May 
25. Comparisons of conditions, by States, are given in Table 15. 

Table 15. — Condition of cotton May 25, 1914, with comparisons by States. 





May 25— 


State. 


1914 


1913 


1912 


1911 


10-year 
average. 


Virginia 


83 
76 
72 
80 

82 

85 
87 
82 
65 
79 

80 
86 
68 
100 


83 
76 
68 
69 

83 

75 
81 

81 
84 
85 

87 
90 
87 
96 


89 
87 
83 
74 
75 

74 
72 
69 
86 
73 

74 
74 
78 
96 


93 
83 
80 
92 
95 

91 

86 
91 

88 
87 

83 
86 
87 
95 


86 


North Carolina 


83 


South Carolina 


79 




80 


Florida. 


84 


Alabama 


80 


Mississippi 


79 


Louisiana 


78 


Texas 


81 


Arkansas 


80 


Tennessee 


82 




83 




84 












74.3 


79.1 


78.9 


87.8 


80.4 







For purposes of comparison the condition of the cotton crop in 
the United States monthly and the estimated yield per acre for the 
past 10 years are given in Table 16. 

Table 16. — Condition of cotton in the United States monthly and yield per acre, 1904- 

1913, inclusive. 



Year. 


May 25. 


Jiina 25. 


July 25. 


Aug. 25. 


Sept. 25. 


Yield 
per acre. 


1913 


79.1 
78.9 
87.8 
82.0 
81.1 

79.7 
70.5 
84.6 
77.2 
83.0 


81.8 
80.4 
88.2 
80.7 
74.6 

81.2 
72.0 
S3. 3 
77.0 
88.0 


79.6 
76.5 
89.1 
75.5 
71.9 

83.0 
75.0 
82.9 
74.9 
91.6 


68.2 
74.8 
73.2 
72.1 
63.7 

76.1 
72.7 
77.3 
72.1 
84.1 


64.1 
69.6 
71.1 
65.9 
58.5 

69.7 
67.7 
71.6 
71.2 
75.8 


PouTids 
lint. 
182.0 


1912 


190.9 


1911 


207.7 


1910 


170,7 


1909 


154.3 


1908 


194.9 


1907 


178.3 


1906 


202.5 


1905 


186.1 


1904 . 


204.9 








80. 4 


80.7 


80.0 


73.4 


68.5 


187.2 







THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 2S 

APPLE MOVEMENT, 1913. 

The commercial apple crop of 1913 was considerably less than in the 
preceding year, as indicated by the quantities of apples shipped by 
rail and water, which amounted to 64 per cent of tlie shipments for 
the preceding season. The greatest falling off was in the North 
Central States west of the Mississippi River, where the movement in 
1913 was scarcely one- third of that of the preceding season. This 
low average is borne out consistently by a number of individual reports 
from apple-carrjnng railroads, all of which show very small shipments 
compared with the season before. 

It is to be noted that the commercial crop constitutes a relatively 
small part of the total apple crop of the iJnited States, possibly as 
low as one-fourth or even one-fifth of the total crop. Hence, it is 
not to be expected in all cases that the commercial crop will increase 
or decrease from year to year at exactly the same rate as the total 
crop. An estimate based upon the percentages of a fuU crop, as 
published in the Agricultural Outlook for November, 1913, indicates 
that for the United States the entire apple crop of 1913 was 65 per 
cent of that of 1912. This happens to be practically the same as the 
relation of the commercial crop of 1913 to the preceding year. In 
the New England States, the South Central east of the Mississippi 
River, the Mountain, and the Pacific States, whose full crop of apples 
in 1913 was represented, respectively, as 67, 65, 91, and 68 per cent 
of the 1912 crop; while their shipments in 1913, as compared with 
1912, were represented, respectively, by 65, 66, 95, and 72 per cent 
of the preceding year. With the other geogi'aphic divisions the agree- 
ment was not so close. The full crop for the Mddle Atlantic, South 
Atlantic, North Central east. North Central west, of the Mississippi 
River, and the South Central west of the Mississippi River, in 1913, 
was represented, respectively, by 55, 32, 83, 74, ancl 72 per cent of the 
1912 crops; while the shipments in 1913 equaled 69, 50, 67, 31, and 
93 per cent, respectively, of the preceding season. Such disagreement 
between the fuU crop and the commerical crop, as stated above, is to 
be expected, especially in regions where the noncommercial apples 
constitute a large part of the total crop. 

The figures shown in Table 17 are based upon reports from a large 
number of individual transportation companies, including by far 
the greater number of the boat lines in apple-producing regions and 
railroads operating at least four-fifths of the total mileage of the 
United States. 



24 



FAEMEKS BULLETIN 604. 



Table 17. — Apples carried on railroads and boat lines in the United States, June 1 

Nov. 30, 1913. 



to 



Representing practically shipments out of producing regions for the crop of 1913. As reported for about 
four-fifths of the total railroad mileage of the United States: also for all but a few boat lines in apple- 
producing regions. Some reports refer to periods different from the one mentioned in the table, but 
nevertheless represent practically the shipments out of producing regions for the crop year.] 



Geogiaphic division.i 



New England 

Middle Atlantic 

South Atlantic 

North Central: 

East of Mississippi River. 

West of Mississippi River 
South Central: 

East of Mississippi River. 

West of Mississippi River 

Mountain 

Pacific 

United States 



Shipments reported 
June 1 to Nov. 30, 
1913. 





Percentage 




of corre- 


QucUitity. 


sponding 6 




months. 




1912. 


Bushels. 


Per cent. 


1,114,000 


65 


12,023,000 


09 


2,234,000 


50 


3,S93,000 


67 


1,.S37,000 


31 


80,000 


66 


791,000 


93 


2,537,000 


95 


4,144,000 


72 


28,653,000 


64 



1 Geographic divisions are constituted as follows: New England: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut; Middle Atlantic: New Yorlv, New Jersey, Pennsylvania; South 
Atlantic: Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro- 
lina, Cieorgia, Florida; I'furth Ventral, east of Mississippi River: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wiscon- 
sin; west of Mississippi River: Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dalcota, Nebraska, Kansas; 
South Central, east of Mississippi River: Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi; west of Mississippi 
River: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas: Mountain: Montana, loaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New 
Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada; Pacific: Washington, Oregon, California. 

o 



WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PlilXTING OKFICE : 1914 



U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





Contribution from the Bureau o{ Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. 
July 21, 1914. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

General review of crop conditions, July 1 , 1914 2 

The wheat pr.)spects 3 

Outlook for the 1914 foreign wheat crop 5 

Cotton acreage and condition, July 1 6 

Tobacco report, by types and districts, 1914 ." 7 

. Area of sugar beets planted, 1914 10 

Florida and California crop report 11 

Trend of prices of farm products 12 

Hessian fly ., 12 

Marketing by parcel post 16 

Car supply in relation to marketing the wheat crop of 1914 23 

Acreage, condition, forecast, and prices of specified crops (tables) 26 

Prices of farm products 36 

The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on August 1 38 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF AI'GUST CROP REPORTS. 

The report showing the condition of the cotton crop on July 25 will be issued by the 
Bureau of Crop Estimates, Department of Agriculture, on Friday, July 31, at 12 noon 
(eastern time). 

On Friday, August 7, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), there will be issued a summary of 
the conditions of the principal crops on August 1, which will give the following informa- 
tion: Preliminary estimate of yield and quality of winter wheat; condition on August 
1 (or at time of harvest) of spring wheat, corn, oats, barley, potatoes, tobacco, flax, rice, 
apples; acreage and condition of buckwheat and hay; acreage, yield per acre, and 
quality of rye; stocks of oats in farmers' hands on August 1. 

A supplemental report will be issued which will include a statement of the condition 
on August 1 of the following crops: Peaches, pears, grajjes, watermelons, cantaloupes, 
sweet potaotes, tomatoes, cabbages, onions, beans, sugar beets, sugar cane, sorghum, 
peanuts, hops, broom corn, hemp, kafir corn, alfalfa, timothy, millet, blue grass (for 
seed) ; yield and quality of clover; also an index of general crop conditions on August 1 
in each State; and the average price paid to producers for important products. 

Details by States will appear in the August Agricultural Outlook. 
52848^— Bull. 611—14 1 



2 FAEMEES BULLETIN 611. 

GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS, JULY 1, 1914. 

The composite condition of all crops of the United States on July 
1, 1914, was about 1.4 per cent above their 10-year average condition 
on that date. Last year the July 1 condition of all crops was 1.7 per 
cent below the 10-year average, but prospects dechned as the season 
advanced, the November, or final, reports last year being 6.7 per cent 
below the 10-year average. Consequently, present conditions are 
about 8.7 per cent better than the outturn of crops last 3^ear. 

North Atlantic States. — General crop conditions on July 1 were 98.4 
per cent of the average (not normal), being 102.3 in Maine, 105.7 in 
New Hampshire, 90.1 in Vermont, 95.0 in Massachusetts, 93.3 in 
Khode Island, 96.3 in Connecticut, 99.4 in New York, 93.6 in New 
Jersey, and 98.3 in Pennsylvania. 

Prospects declined somewhat during June; the precipitation, except 
m Maine and New Hampshire, was msufficient. Medium to poor 
conditions for hay, an important crop in this di\dsion, are the chief 
cause of mideraverage jDrospects, and most crops are underaverages. 
Apple prospects, however, are above average. 

South Atlantic States. — General crop conditions on July 1 in this 
di^dsion of States were 95.5 per cent of average, being 96.2 in Dela- 
ware, 99.8 in Maryland, 85.8 in Vii^gmia, 87.0 in West Vii^nia, 95.9 
in North CaroUna, 99.5 in South Carolma, 98.0 in Georgia, and 93.5 
in Florida. 

The condition figure for the division is slightly lower than on 
June 1, notwithstanding a shght improvement in cotton. 

Conditions in Virginia are lowest of all the States in the Union 
and West Virginia is next. Nearly all crops are low in conditions, 
the exceptions being cotton, wheat, and tree fruits. Tobacco, 
hay, oats, and potatoes are particularly low in condition. Drought 
is the chief cause. Some showei-s at the close of the month, however, 
were beneficial. 

North Central States, east of the Mississippi River. — General crop 
conditions July 1 were 100.3 per cent of the average, being 99.4 in 
Ohio, 97.6 in Indiana, 96.4 in Illinois, 106.7 in Michigan, and 107.1 
in Wisconsm. 

In the northern part of this division rains have been propitious 
and crop prospects are excellent, but in the southern portion drought 
has curtailed prospects. Corn and wheat are above their average, 
but most other crops are below average. 

North Central States, west of Mississippi River. — General crop con- 
ditions July 1 were 108.9 per cent of average, being 104.3 in Minne- 
sota, 110.2 in Iowa, 93.5 in Missouri, 110.2 in North Dakota, 112.8 
in South Dakota, 115.8 in Nebraska, 117.2 in Kansas. 

This is the most favored section of the United States this season, 
every State except Missouri having prospects decidedly above their 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



average. Drought and Hessian fly in wheat affected adversely crops 
in Missouri. In this division practically all crops are above average 
prospects. 

South Central States. — General crop conditions July 1 were 96.0 
per cent of average, being 88.2 in Kentucky, 90.9 in Tennessee, 100.9 
in Alabama, 98.2 in Mississippi, 99.8 in Louisiana, 96.5 in Texas, 

102.0 in Oklahoma, and 91.5 in Arkansas. Kainfall, until recently,, 
has been deficient in the eastern portion and excessive in the western 
portion of this division. In Alabama the aggregate condition is 
above average owing to the favorable condition of cotton, as prac- 
tically all other crops are below their average. Oklahoma's high 
general average is due to the excellent promise of wheat and oats. 

Far Western States. — General crop conditions July 1 were 105.8 
per cent of average, being 102.3 in Montana, 104.5 in Wyoming, 109.8 
111 Colorado, 109.7 in New Mexico,^ 98.4 in Ai-izona, 104.6 in Utah, 

103.1 in Nevada, 99.7 in Idaho, 102.9 in Washington, 104.0 in Oregon, 
and 110.0 in California. 

The Arizona condition falls slightly below average because the hay 
and winter wheat crops were moderately below average. In Idaho 
most crops are near their average, potatoes faUing the most below. 
The apple prospect in this division is somewhat below average ; most 
crops, however, are above average. In California, hops, prunes, and 
walnuts, out of 20 crops reported upon, show less than average 
condition. 

Table 1. — Groivmff condition of the variotis crops on July 1, expressed in percentage 
of their 10-ycar averages (not the normal) on July 1. 



Winter wheat 117.3 

Pears 110. 

Barley 109.7 

Spring wheat 109.1 

Apples 108.1 

Kafir corn 107. 9 

Alfalfa 106.6 

Lemons 104. 9 

Oranges 104. 6 

Flax 104.3 



Rye 103.8 

Grapes 103.5 

Hops laj. 2 

Sugar beets 103.1 

Broom corn 102. 7 

Corn 101.3 

Oats 101.0 

Cantaloupes 101.0 

Beans (dry) 100.8 

Millet 100.7 



Raspberries 100. 4 

Peaches 99.3 

Hay 98.7 

Cotton 98.6 

Rice 98.3 

Onions 95.4 

Potatoes 94.3 

Pasture 93. 7 

Peanuts 93.5 

Ca))bages 93.3 



Sorghum 93.3 

Blackberries. 91.8 

Sugar cane 91. 2 

Lima beans 90. 9 

Tomatoes 89.3 

Timothy hay 88.4 

Sweet potatoes 88.3 

Hemp 87.6 

Clover hay 85.1 

Tobacco 78. 



THE WHEAT PROSPECTS. 

The July 1 forecast of tliis year's wheat crop of the United States 
is 930,000,000 bushels, the largest ever produced, exceeding last 
year's crop, which was itself a record crop, by about 167,000,000 
bushels. The third crop in size is that of 1901, when 748,000,000 
bushels was the estimate. The average production of the past 5 
years was 686,000,000 bushels. 

Such a large crop would augur very low prices were it not that the 
world crops of wheat and competing grains do not promise more 
than about the average of recent years. Also that more than the 
usual diversion of wheat from its use as food to the use of feed for 
live stock may be expected, owing to the present relatively short 



4 FARMEES BULLETIN 611. 

supply of corn in some sections where there is a promise of abundant 
wheat. On July 1 the price of corn in Kansas averaged 77 cents 
per bushel of 56 pounds and the price of wheat averaged 70 cents per 
bushel of 60 pounds; thus the price of corn was actually higher than 
that of wheat. In the past 5 years the price of wheat in Kansas on 
July 1 has averaged 92 cents and corn 64 cents. Somewhat similar 
conditions prevail in other States. Under such conditions it is not 
surprising that much wheat should be consumed as feed by animals. 
The corn crop of Kansas last year was only 23,000,000 bushels; its 
usual production is nearly 150,000,000. The corn crop now growing 
^vill not be available for 4 to 5 months. The present wheat crop in 
Kansas is expected to produce over 150,000,000 bushels, or nearly 
twice the average production. 

Last April crop reporters of the Bureau of Crop Estimates, in 
Kansas, estimated that 12.6 per cent of last year's wheat crop would 
be consumed by live stock, in Nebraska 14.7 per cent, in Oklahoma 
21.0 per cent, and in Missouri 14.4. These figures indicated that 
nearly 30,000,000 bushels of last year's wheat crop in the States 
named were used for animal feed, and it was inferred that in the 
whole United States 40,000,000 to 45,000,000 bushels of last year's 
wheat crop was consumed as animal feed. 

Of the average annual production of 686,000,000 bushels of wheat 
during the past 5 years, about 581,000,000 were retained in the United 
States and 105,000,000 exported; that is, the yearly average of the 
past 5 years. During the past year, ending June 30, about 145,000,000 
bushels were exported, nearly 30 per cent in the form of flour. 

It is customary to reckon the domestic wheat requirements at 
about 5.3 bushels per capita, exclusive of seed, and 75,000,000 to 
80,000,000 bushels for seed. If this per capita rate be applied to a 
population of 98,781,000 it would indicate a normal requirement of 
523,539,000 bushels, plus seed requirement of 77,000,000, or a 
total of about 600,000,000. This would indicate an available export 
supply from the crop of nearly 330,000,000 bushels; but there must 
be deducted from this amount whatever quantity is used in an unusual 
way for live-stock feeding, which amount, although an unknown 
quantity, may readily be placed at approximately 75,000,000 bushels, 
and maybe more. Even this would leave about 255,000,000 bushels 
for export. The largest amount ever exported from the United 
States m one year was 234,000,000 bushels in 1901, when the crop 
was nearly 750,000,000 bushels. The decade of the nineties was the 
palmy period of wheat-export business. During the decade of the 
seventies (beginning with 1870) wheat exports averaged 86,000,000 
bushels yearly; in the eighties, 127,000,000 bushels; in the nineties, 
173,000,000 bushels; in the first decade of this century, 143,000,000 
bushels, and in the past four years, 109,000,000 bushels. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Present indications are that during tlie coming season the domestic 
consumption wtII be unusually large, on account of takings for live- 
stock purposes, and that the exportable surplus \\ill find a good 
foreign demand. The quality of the grain promises to be very good, 
because usually the quality is good when the yield is heavy. 



OUTLOOK FOR THE 1914 FOREIGN WHEAT CROP. 

Although a sufficient proportion of the foreign wheat crops has not 
yet been harvested to indicate whether or not the aggregate result 
is likely to exceed the bumper total of last year, prehminary reports 
from vdnter-wheat growing countries, whose harvests are either 
finished or which will take place within the next few weeks, point to 
a considerable deficiency of this variety, as compared with the pre- 
ceding season. Spring wheat, however, wldch ordinarily constitutes 
over one-fourth of the world's annual supply, has yet to pass through 
critical stages of development, and uncertainty respecting the out- 
come renders all present calculations as to the total of both varieties 
vague and indecisive. 

In the great majority of countries abroad the 1913-14 season has 
from various causes been more or less unfavorable to full yields of 
winter wheat. From the harvests which took place in Argentina, 
Australia, and BritisJi India in the winter and spring, the combined 
outturn fell short of that of the previous year by 105,000,000 bushels, 
Austraha alone shovring an increase. The quantity subsequently 
harvested in North Africa is believed to have been much below ex- 
pectations, because of drought in Algeria and Tunis. In Europe the 
yield in no important winter-wheat country, excepting Russia, 
promises to exceed materially that of a year ago, and in a few coun- 
tries heavy decreases have already been recorded. A prehminary 
official estimate puts the yield of Italy at 180,042,000 bushels against 
214,405,000 in 1913, a falling off of close to 35,000,000 bushels. 
The Hungarian crop, according to an official estimate based on the 
appearance of the plants in mid-June, indicates a decrease in that 
Kingdom of 18,000,000 bushels, the official forecast for 1914 being 
133,488,000 bushels from 8,623,000 acres, compared with 151,346,000 
bushels in 1913 from 7,699,838 acres and 173,328,000 bushels in 1912. 
In Russia winter wheat constitutes roughly about one-fourth the 
total wheat, the bulk of the crop being of the spring variety. A 
recently pubfished estimate of the Central Statistical Committee 
makes the 1914 acreage of winter wheat in 63 governments of Euro- 
pean Russia 18,212,000 acres against 17,293,000 acres last season, 
and the production of the current year 297,044,000 bushels, compared 



6 FARMEES^ BULLETIN 611. 

with 295,453,000 bushels in 1913 — an increase for the present season 
of 1,600,000 busliels. 

Definite official figures on winter-wheat yields in 1914 have as yet 
been issued for no other countries of Europe. Reports on the con- 
dition of the crops from time to time since the opening of spring have, 
however, frequently indicated unseasonably low temperatures and 
alternate periods of excessive drought or moisture over wide areas. 
During the past two weeks weather conditions have improved pretty 
generally and more optimism is expressed regarding the outcome of 
wdnter wheat, both as to quantity and quahty, than was heard earlier 
in the season. Improvement in conditio.n is reported from the United 
Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Roumania, Russia, 
and some smaller producing nations, but in most c{uarters the popular 
impression is that the change of weather will benefit quahty more 
than quantity. 

Spring wheat, of which the bulk of the foreign supply is produced 
in Canada and Russia, seems, with a few possibly important excep- 
tions, to have made satisfactory development. The Canadian crop, 
as a whole, is said to have been sown in an exceptionally well-prepared 
seed bed, and the seed to have had unusually good germinatiA'C 
quahty. Growth, notwithstanding occasional spells of local drought, 
has made fine progress during the season and prospects of yields are 
now generally described in superlatives. Concerning the important 
Russian crop, there have been the past month numerous contradic- 
tory and confusing reports. Perhaps the most certain conclusion to 
be derived from them is that extensive drought has prevailed at times 
in some sections of the Empire, especially in the center, but the ex- 
tent of the damage, if any, has not yet been given statistical expres- 
sion. 



COTTON ACREAGE AND CONDITION JULY 1. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates (for- 
merly Bureau of Statistics) of the United States Department of Agri- 
culture estimates, from the reports of the correspondents and agents 
of the Bureau, that the area of cotton in cultivation this year (1914) 
in the United States is about 36,960,000 acres, as compared with 
37,458,000 acres, the revised estimates of acreage in cultivation a 
year ago, being a decrease of 498,000 acres, or 1.3 per cent. 

The condition of the gn:>wing crop on June 25 was 79.6 per cent 
of a normal condition, as compared with 74.3 on May 25, 1914, 81.8 
on June 25, 1913, and 80.7, the avei^age condition for the past 10 
vears on June 25. 



THE AGPtlCULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 

Details by States follow: 





Area un- 
der culti- 
vation a 
year ago 
(revised 
estimate). 


Area, 1914 (prelim- 


Condition. 




inary estmiate). 


June 25, 
1914. 


May 35, 
1914. 


June 


2o— 


states. 


Per 
cent 
com- 
pared 
with 
1913. 


Acres. 


1913. 


10-year 
aver- 
age. 




48,000 

1,5S9,000 

2, 798, 000 

5,345,000 

192, 000 

3,798,000 
3,117,000 
1,263,000 
12,686,000 
2,527,000 

866,000 

113,000 

3, 102, 000 

14,000 


95 
100 
101 
101 


46,000 

1,589,000 
2, 826, 000 
5, 39S, 000 


86 
82 
81 
83 
86 

88 
81 
81 
74 
80 

79 
93 
79 
100 


S3 
76 
72 
SO 
82 

85 
87 
82 
65 
79 

80 
86 
68 
100 


81 
76 
73 
74 
S5 

79 

82 
81 
86 
86 

87 
88 
89 
95 


84 


North Carolina. . . 


81 


South Carolina 


79 


Georcia . 


81 




101 1 194, 000 


85 




103 
101 
110 
95 
100 


3, 912, 000 

3, 148, ono 

1,389,000 
12,052,000 
2.527,000 


80 


Mississippi 


78 
78 




82 




81 




100 1 866, 000 

110 I 124, 000 

92 2,854,000 

250 35, 000 


83 




83 




82 


California . 


97 








37,458,000 


98.7 


36, 960, 000 


79.6 


74.3 


81.8 


80.7 







TOBACCO REPORT, BY TYPES AND DISTRICTS, 1914. 

Table 2 shows the preliminary acreage and condition of tobacco on 
July 1, by types and districts. 

Table 2. — Tobacco acreage, by types and districts , 1914, and condition July 1. 



Tyi^e and district. 



Area, 
1914. 



Per cent 
of 1913. 



Condition, July 1 — 



5-year 
average. 



I. Cigar iypc. 

New England 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

Ohio: Miami Valley 

Wisconsin 

Georgia and Florida 

II. Chewing, smoking, snuff, and export types. 

Burley district 

Paducah district 

Henderson or Stemming district 

One-Sucker district 

Clarksville and Hopldnsville district 

Virginia Sun-Cured district 

Virginia Dai'k district 

Old Bright district 

New Bright district 

Maryland and Eastern Ohio export district 

Louisiana: I'erique 

All other 



Acres. 
27, 000 

4,600 
33, 100 
56, 400 
45, 600 

6,200 



244,200 

61,50v 

71,50C 

38, 400 

98, 900 

11,900 

49,800 

216, 000 

151,. 800 

22, 900 

700 

10.500 



Per cent. 
109 
106 
85 
110 
106 
108 



105 

S2 
130 
100 
86 
75 
70 
90 
92 
S3 

no 



Per cent. 
93 
95 

86 
75 



Per cent. 

95 
92 
S3 
87 
95 
90 



Per cent. 
95 
93 
90 
90 
92 
90 



The total area of cigar tobacco is 172,900 acres, compared with 
168,000 in 1913, an increase of 4,900 acres, or 2.9 per cent. Penn- 
sylvania is the only State showing a decrease. New Hampshire and 



3 farmers' bulletin GU. 

Vermont, each State growing only about 100 acres, show the same as 
last year. All other States have a larger area. The chewing, smok- 
ing, snuft, and export types show 967,600 acres, against 1,036,300 in 
1913, a decrease of 68,700 acres, or 6.6 per cent. The total area is 
1,151,000 acres, compared with 1,216,100 acres last year, or 5.4 per 
cent less. 

I. CIGAR TYPES. 

New England. — The area is 9 per cent larger than last year. With 
an abundant supply of plants and favorable weather the crop was 
transferred to the fields about the usual time under favorable con- 
ditions. More damage than usual was done in the fields by \\are- 
worms, but this was overcome by replanting and a good stand secured. 
The condition on July 1 indicated a good crop. 

New York. — The acreage has been increased 6 per cent. Plants 
were plentiful and in the Onondaga district 10 days or two weeks 
early, and transplanting also was early. In the Big Flats district 
planting was at about the usual time. Some damage to plants in the 
field by insects is reported, but with favorable soil conditions for 
replanting a good stand was secured. The condition on July 1 was 
better than it was last year and promised a good crop. 

Pennsylvania. — Low prices and poor returns for last year's crop 
caused a reduction of 15 per cent in the area planted. Plants were 
plentiful and were transplanted early. Some damage from cut- 
worms is reported, but this did not prevent a good stand. Condition 
on July 1 indicated a much better crop than in 1913. 

Ohio: Miami Valley. — The acreage has been increased 10 per cent. 
Plants were abundant and early, and planting began in good time, a 
part of it early. Dry, hot weather made a stand hard to secure, 
delayed transplanting the latter part of the crop, and interfered with 
growth of that planted. Condition on July 1 was not good, but will 
improve rapidly with rains. 

Wisconsin. — The acreage is 6 per cent larger than last year. Plants 
were plentiful and transplanting was accomphshed a week or 1 days 
early, and a good stand secured. The high condition reported on 
July 1 gives promise of the best results in several years. 

Georgia and Florida. — The acreage is 8 per cent larger than last 
year. Plants were late and planting began later than usual, but 
under favorable conditions was pushed rapidly and finished about 
the usual time. Dry weather following caused some apprehension as 
to the outcome. More favorable conditions later give promise of 
good quality. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 9 

n. CHEWING, SMOKK'JG, SNUFF, AND EXPORT TYPES. 

Burlcy district. — The acreage is 5 per cent larger than hi 1913. A 
larger increase was intended, but dry weather in some portions of the 
district prevented the full acreage being planted. 

Plants were abundant and ready about the usual time, but trans- 
planting was delayed by hot, dry weather and began late. Where 
the rainfall was sufficient the full intended acreage was planted and a 
good stand secured. In parts of the district the land was dry and with 
otAy light local rains a full acreage was not planted and the stand is 
bad. Dry weather followed planting and interfered with proper 
grow'th. The crop is late and does not promise good quahty or 
yield. 

Paducah distnd. — A much larger area than last year's was pre- 
pared and plants were plentiful and early, but extremely hot, dry 
weather, relieved only by local showers, prevailed during the planting 
season and only 82 per cent of last year's acreage was planted, two 
or three weeks late. The stand is bad and condition poorest for sev- 
eral years. Dry weather continued up to July 1 and the crop is a 
month late. A crop poor in cjuahty and short in pounds is indicated. 

Henderson or Stemming district. — The acreage is 30 per cent larger 
than last year's, but smaller than intended. Plants were plentiful and 
ready for transplanting about the usual time. Hot, dr}^ weather, with 
only local showers, made conditions unfavorable and the area pre- 
pared was not all planted. The stand is poor and growth three or 
four wrecks late. The prospect on July 1 was for a light yield of 
inferior quaUty. 

One-SucTcer district. — This district has formerly been reported under 
the head of the Upper Green River and Upper Cumberland districts. 
The area is about the same as it was last year, but less than intended. 
With an abundance of plants, they could not be transplanted at the 
usual time on account of hot weather and the dry condition of the 
soil. Local rains gave some rehef and a part of the planting was ac- 
complished three weeks late. The stand is poor and the condition 
on July 1 did not indicate good results. 

Clarlcsville and Tlo'pkinsville district. — The area is 14 per cent less 
than last j^ear's, although an increase w'as planned. With no general 
rain from early in May until July 1 , planting was not completed and 
what was accomplished was late. The stand is poor and growth a 
month late. The condition on July 1 indicated a light }neld of poor 
quality. 

Virginia Sun-Cured district. — The area is 25 per cent less than last 

year's, caused partly by low prices and unsatisfactory returns and 

partly by dry weather, wliich prevented the full planting of the 

intended area. Plants were scarce and late and planting was delayed 

52848°— Bull. Gil— 14 2 



10 FAKMEKS^ BULLETIN 611. 

by dry weather. The stand is bad and growth poor, and a good yield 
is not indicated by the condition on July 1. 

Virginia Dark district. — The area is 30 per cent less than in 1913, 
partly because growers in the eastern end of the district substituted 
bright tobacco for dark. Plants were 10 days or 2 weeks late and 
scarce on account of damage in beds from flies. Planting was delayed 
by hot, dry weather, and in some mstances not fully accomplished. 
The stand k poor and growth late, givmg promise of poor results. 

Old Bright district. — The acreage is 10 per cent less than last year's, 
whereas about that much increase was intended. Planting was 
delayed a week or 10 days by the lateness of plants and further by 
dry, hot weather, and in some instances land prepared for tobacco 
was not planted. The stand is poor and crop late. July 1 condition 
mdicates a short crop. 

Netv BrigM district. — The area is 8 per cent less than it was last 
year, but an increase was planned. A freeze early in March killed 
most of the plants in the beds, necessitating resowbag and causing 
plants to be two weeks late. Dry, hot weather followed, further 
delaying planting, so that it was a month late, and in some instances 
tobacco land was planted in other crops. The stand is bad, but a good 
crop possible under favorable conditions. 

Maryland and Eastern Ohio Export district. — The area has been 
reduced 17 per cent, while under favorable conditions a small increase 
would have been planted . Plants were abundant, but dry, hot weather 
delayed plantmg and reduced the area; the growth is late and stand 
bad. A good crop is not promised. 

Louisiana: Perique. — The area is larger and a crop above the 
average in peld and quality is promised. 



The receipts of butter and eggs at six primary markets for June, 
1914, were: Butter, 65,567,459 pounds; eggs, 1,143,136 cases. The 
average receipts for June during the 5 years 1910-1914 were: Butter, 
64,411,410 pounds; eggs, 1,211,453 cases. 



AREA OF SUGAR BEETS PLANTED, 1914. 

\ The area of sugar beets planted in 1914 was 18 per cent less than in 

\ 1913, and amounted to about 520,600 acres. In Idaho and Utah a 

\ greater area was planted this year than last year, but in the other 

\ States there was a decrease. The area harvested for 1913 was about 

\ 91 per cent of tl\e area planted for the enth'e United States. Table 3 

ishows in detail the area planted in the current year, and both planted 

md harvested acreage last year: 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 11 

Table 3. — Area of sugar beets planted in 1914 and 1913, and area harvested in 1913. 





Area planted. 


Area harvested, 
1913. 


State. 


1914 


1913 


Amount. 


Percent- 




Percent- 
age of 
1913. 


Amount. 


age of 

planted 

area, 1913. 




Per cent. 
79 
80 

111 
91 
<51 

103 
70 


Acres. 

109, 500 

146, 100 
25,900 

111,:jO0 
19,000 
41,900 
60,900 


Acres. 

138,300 

18:3, 100 
23,300 

122,600 
31,200 
40, 600 
96,000 


Acres. 

127, 610 

IGS, 410 
22, 197 

107, 965 
30, 661 
39, 472 
83,391 


Per cent. 
92 




9'' 


Idaho 


97 


Michigan 


83 


Ohio 


98 


Utih 

Other States 


97 
87 






United States 


82 5-20,600 


635,100 


580, 006 91 



Tlie average price paid to growers for sugar beets in 1913 was 
$.5.69 per ton. The average given in the May issue of the Agricul- 
tural Outlook (Farmers' Bulletin 598, p. 10) was an error. 



FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table 4. — Crop conditions in Florida and California. 





Florida. 


California. 


Crop. 


Condition July 1 — 


Condi- 
tion 
June 1. 


Condition July 1— 


Condi- 
tion 
June 1. 




1914 


1913 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1912 


Pineapples 


70 
90 


91 

89 


95 

95 


75 

82 












89 
00 


70 
57 


SO 
S3 


92 


Lemons 


87 


Limes 


90 
90 

75 
67 
74 
68 


84 
85 
50 
38 
80 
77 


85 
90 
90 
45 
SO 
70 


86 
84 
72 
70 
76 
GS 




Grapcfniit 










Peaches 


85 
82 
93 
95 
77 
70 
90 
81 
S3 


69 
71 
85 
86 
60 
74 
78 
55 
83 


84 
81 
89 
90 
80 
85 
88 
80 
90 


85 
80 
95 
90 
80 


Pears 




Cantaloutses 


Apricots 


Prunes 










65 


Olives 










92 

85 
86 


Aimonds 










Walnuts 






. 




A'elvet beans 


84 






82 




Grapes: 

For wine 






94 
92 
96 


89 
89 

89 


95 
96 
95 




For raisins 












For table 

























Exports of Sea Island cotton from the United States for the 9 
months ending March 31, 1914, were 7,061,209 pounds, and exports 
of other cotton amounted to 4,193,226,574 pounds, according to the 
U. S. Department of Commerce. For the corresponding 9 months 
of the preceding fiscal year exports of Sea Island cotton were 
2,219,039 pounds and other cotton 3,927,242,266. 



12 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 611. 

TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops decreased about 0.8 per cent during June; in the past 
6 years the price level has increased during June 0.4 per cent. 

On July 1 the index figure of crop prices v/as about 12.0 per cent 
higher than a year ago, but 14.0 per cent lower than 2 years ago and 
1.3 per cent lower than the average of the past 6 years on July 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals decreased 1.0 per cent during the month from May 15 to 
June 15, which compares with an increase of 1.6 per cent in the same 
period a year ago, a decrease of 2.0 per cent 2 years ago, a decrease 
of 1.7 per cent 3 years ago, and a decrease of 1.1 per cent 4 years ago. 

From December 15 to June 15 the advance in prices for meat ani- 
mals has been 5,4 per cent; whereas during the same period a year 
ago the advance was 12.0 per cent, and 2 years ago 16.8 per cent, 
while 3 years ago there was a decline in price of 12.3 per cent during 
this period. 

On June 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, 
cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.22 per 100 pounds, which is 
0.5 per cent iiigher than the prevailing price a year ago, 15.2 per 
cent higher than 2 years ago, 32.6 per cent higher than 3 years ago, 
and 0.9 per cent lower than 4 years ago on June 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 36 and 37. 



HESSIAN FLY. 

By F. JI. Webster, In Charge of Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations. 

The Hessian fly is a true fly, having but a single pair of wings. In 
form it somewhat resembles a diminutive mosquito. The term 
"Hessian fly" was long ago appHed to it on account of its having 
been discovered some time after the encampment of the Hessian 
troops on Long Island, New York, in 1779. While it is, beyond a 
doubt, a foreign insect, it may or may not have been introduced in 
this manner. Be that as it may, it has spread continuously through- 
out the wheat-growing regions of the eastern United States from the 
Atlantic coast westward to central North Dakota and South Dakota, 
central Nebraska, western Kansas, and northeastern Oklahoma; also 
along the Pacific coast west of the Sierra Nevadas, thus occupying 
only the m.ore humid portions of the country, apparently being 
unable to develop in an arid country. It is for this reason, probably, 
that it does not occur continuously to the west of longitude 100° or 
to any great extent southward beyond a few mUes from the Arkansas 
River; while, of course, east of the Mississippi it is restricted only by 
the area covered by the limits of the wheat-groAving section. (Fig. 1.) 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



13 



There are two annual generations of the pest. What may be 
termed the first generation of flies, enumerating tliem elironologically, 
appears in spring, originating from "flaxseeds," so called, in plants 
that have been attacked the previous autumn. These flies, as is the 
habit of those of both generations, deposit their slender, minute eggs 
of a reddish color in the troughs or furrows of the leaves of wheat. 
The young maggots hatching from these eggs are equally minute, of 
the same reddish cast as the eggs, and make their way do^^TL the leaf 
to the sheath and between this and the stem, usually to the first joint 
below. 

The young maggot gradually changes to white, and v,dien nearly 
mature in this stage to a glassy green clouded with white. As it 




Fig. 1.— Map showing distribution of Hessian fly in the United States. 

increases in size it becomes embedded in the juicy stem, causing a 
weakening of the straw at this point, resulting in straw-fallen grain 
just before harvest. 

When the maggot has become full sized the skin covering gradually 
hardens and changes to somewhat the color and appearance of a flax- 
seed, so much so that this stage, v/hich is between the maggot and the 
fly, is commonly called the ''flaxseed" stage. Sometimes these 
"flaxseeds" are found just above the ground, sometimes higher up 
the stem, the exact location depending on the size of the wheat 
plants at the time the eggs were deposited in the spring. Some 
farmers mistake them for the eggs. By harvest nearly all of the 
maggots have passed into what we know as the "flaxseed" stage, 
which is a resting stage, during which no food is required. 



14 PARMEES' BULLETIN 611. 

The period through which the insect remains in this stage varies, 
first, with the latitude, and, second, with humidity and rainfall; thus, 
in the northern portion of the country the adult flies emerge from 
these flaxseeds in the stubble early in September, probably about the 
10th or 15th; whereas in the extreme southern portion of the coun- 
try they do not appear until a month or six weeks later. Besides, 
the same weather conditions that prevent the young wheat from 
starting in fall retards the appearance of the fly. The fly is short 
lived and must deposit its eggs soon after it emerges from the stubble. 
It is a mistaken idea that frost destroys it. 

East of the Mississippi River the fly is not known to develop in the 
grasses, so that the summer may be said to be passed exclusively 
in the grain stubble. West of the Mississippi River, under certain 
conditions, it may develop and pass the summer in some of the grasses. 
If, at the time the flies are abroad in the fall, there are no wheat 
plants above ground on which the female flies can deposit their eggs, 
there can be no injury to the plants in the fall, and hence none the 
following spring; whereas, if the wheat is sown early en^ough so 
that the plants have made some growth above ground at the time 
the eggs are deposited, the flies will seek out these plants and they 
become infested in the same way as the plants in the spring, only 
in the fall the young maggots hatching from eggs deposited on the 
wheat leaves make their way down behind the sheath to a point 
just above the roots of the plant, where they become embedded in 
the tissue, precisely as is the case in the spring, only lov/er down the 
plant. 

The effect of the fly on young wheat in the fall is exceedingly 
deceiving, the infested plants being of a more rank growth, the leaves 
broader and of a darker color, almost resembling those of oats; 
but close examination will show that there is no central leaf or portion 
of the plant that would later become the stem or straw. Thus it is 
that wheat fields may appear unusually vigorous and healthy until 
quite late in the season, when, suddenly, the plants change color 
and die. The most of the maggots become full grown before cold 
weather occurs and pass the winter in the brown or "flaxseed" 
stage, and it is from these "flaxseeds" that the flies emerge the fol- 
lowing spring. 

The logical conclusion therefore must be that if the farmer will 
delay his wheat sowing until after the adult fhes have appeared and 
disappeared in the fall there will be none in his fields to winter over 
and produce flies the following spring ; in other words, the farmer has 
but one opportunity during the year to reach this pest, and that is 
at the time he sows his grain. It is entirely possible and frequently 
occurs that a few early sown fields will in spring infest a whole 
neighborhood, regardless of whether it was sown late or early. 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 15 

Strange as it may seem, the methods of dealmg with this pest will 
appear far-fetched and require some explanation to show why they 
in any way relate to the pest or its control. 

The first move should be to procure a well-pulverized, fertile, 
compact seed bed. This may, perhaps, be best explained by sug- 
gesting that the farmer commence to plow his ground early, just an 
though he expected to sow very early. Then cultivate it continually, 
by disking or rolling, as may become necessary, until he gets a 
thoroughly pulverized compact bed in which to place the seed. 
The sowing may then be delayed later than ordinary, because wheB 
the seed is placed in the ground it has every favorable conchtion to 
enable it to germinate quickly and send out rootlets to supply prompt 
and sufficient nourishment for the young plants. 

It must be borne in mind that a healthy, vigorous plant wiU throw 
oft' or outgrow an attack that would kill a weaker one. Again, if the 
wheat is sown year after year on the same land, the flies have but to 
emerge from the old stubble and deposit their eggs upon the young 
wheat plants, whereas, on the other hand, if the crop is rotated and 
the wheat is fall sown upon land that has produced some other crop, 
then the fly must migrate or be carried with the wind from one field 
to another, which, owing to their frailty, always proves more or less 
fatal. It will be seen that good farming and a rotation of crops are 
two practical and efficient measures in controlling the Hessian fly. 

As to the time when the farmer should sow his grain to escape the 
fall attack, he can of all others best decide this matter for himseK, 
because, if he wiU watch year after year, he will soon notice that wheat 
so^vn after about a certain date v/ili rarely be infested by fly and then 
more generally in spring, which infestation may have come from some 
early-sown fields in his neighborhood. 

In case of the present outbreak, generally speaking, the farmer can 
get no better indication of the date when he should sow his grain in 
the fall of the year than to follow the infestation as shown by the 
sowing of the fall of 1913. In many locahties farmers have reported 
that wheat so^vti after certain dates was uninjured, while that sow^l 
previously was damaged from 50 to 75 per cent. 

A long series of wheat-sowing experiments covering a period of 
over a quarter of a century, outlined by the WTriter and carried out hj 
practical farmers, has clearly shown that wheat should not be sown 
in the fall in the latitude of southern New York, southern Michigan, 
southern Wisconsin and westward much, if any, before the 20th of 
September; in the approximate latitude of Philadelphia, Pa., Colum- 
bus, Ohio, Indianapohs, Ind., Springfield, III., and extreme northern 
Kansas, before the 25th of September; while in northern Mar3dand, 
extreme southern Ohio, southern Indiana, southern Illinois, and 
southern Kansas it should not be so^\^l before October. Not onlv do 



16 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 611. 

tlie results of experiment show this, but those obtained by practieaj 
successful farmers hare proven their correctness. In extreme south- 
ern Kansas and northern Oklahoma wheat should not be sown until 
after the first week in October; and this is true of Virginia. October- 
so^^^^ wheat always enjoys the greatest freedom from fly in Maryland, 
Practically the same corresponding delay in wheat sowing in the fall 
should be followed to the southward. 

There are numbers of natural enemies of the Plessian fly and 
serious outbreaks are doubtless primarily due to the fact that, owing to 
conditions not well understood, possibly meteorological, these natural 
enemies become so reduced as not to be able to control the pest. 

From the fact that many successful farmers rarely or never lose a 
crop of wheat from Ilessian fly attack, it is very clear that the results 
they obtain can also be accomplished by others. If the soil lacks fer- 
tility, some quick-acting fertilizer applied at the time of sowing vnR 
encourage and facilitate the rapid growth of the wheat plants, and 
thus some of the objections to late sowing be overcome. 



MARKETING BY PARCEL POST. 

By Charles J. Brand, Chief, Office of Markets. 

There is a great diversity of opinion as to the benefits that will 
come to producers through the inauguration ctf the parcel post. 
Some are greatly pleased with the prospect of direct marketing of 
such products as lend themselves to proper distribution by this 
means and already are availing themselves of the facilities that have 
been provided. Others see nothing hopeful or promising in the 
parcel-post system and usually have not tried it at all or haA^e tried 
it in a very inadequate fashion and without due attention to the 
many important details of successful marketing in this manner. 

It is important to remember that there is nothing automatic about 
the parcel post. It is merely a vehicle for the transportation and 
delivery of produce, the successful development of which will depend 
very largely upon the shipper, though also in part on the purchaser 
or consumer. This presumes, and with the best of reason, that the 
Post Office Department will do its part of the v\^ork \vith dispatch 
and care. 

As a method of marketing the parcel post will succeed only in 
such measure as it accomplishes more efficientl}^ and economically 
the functions performed by the numerous middle interests of the 
present system. Its greatest advantage naturally v/ill appear, so 
far as shipments from the farm are concerned, in those commodities 
which are produced practically in the condition in which they are 
finally retailed to the consumer, but even in the case of such products 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 

there must be a well-understood and businesslike agreement as to 
how fair and reasonable prices are to be arrived at and as to the par- 
ticular quahties that are to be dehvered at the stated prices. 

There is an unfortunate tendency on the part of some farmers 
who have butter, eggs, and other produce to sell to ask prices far 
above those current in their own rural localities and higher even 
than those exacted by the fancy retail stores of the cities for products 
of the same grade. Fundamentally there are only two reasons to 
persuade the consumer to undertake the additional trouble and 
uncertainty of securing produce by mail. These are economy in cost 
■ and greater freshness of product. No unusual method will ever be 
popular unless it gives results along one or both of these lines. Pro- 
ducers must be very careful not to overreach in the matter of price. 
Unless they are wilUng to share the saving with the consumer who 
agrees to receive food products which he has not had an opportunity 
to examine and whose quality and time of deUvery will always be 
subject to a degree of uncertainty, there is little prospect of the wide 
extension of the parcel-post systein which it deserves, so far as the 
farm is concerned. 

Recently the post ofRce at Washington, D. C, has been very active 
in trying to promote parcel-post marketing, collecting hsts of names 
of farmers and others who have produce to sell, and printing and 
distributing these lists to patrons of the Washington office who 
might become purchasers. A few cases with respect to eggs alone 
will sufhce to illustrate tliis tendency referred to above. One New 
Jersey farmer offers eggs at 40 cents a dozen the year around; a 
Pennsylvania farmer in June offers "fresh white sanitary eggs" at 
$1 for two dozen; a Virginia farmer offers eggs at Washington quo- 
tations plus 10 cents. It is difficult to see how a user of eggs could 
afford to pay such prices when fresh country eggs are being sold by 
farmers to country grocers at this moment for prices ranging above 
and below 20 cents a dozen in trade. 

The difference between the country price and the city price must 
be shared fairly between the producer and the buyer. The latter 
will not take chances on things that can not be examined and which 
in some cases may not fulfill the particular need; furthermore, he 
will not bear the uncertainty as to time of arrival unless there is a 
gain to him in so doing. On the other hand, much of the consumers' 
particularity is based on illogical prejudice, so that they, as well as 
the producers, must standardize their demands and make conces- 
sions. 

Standardization of products is one of the essential things to parcel- 
post marketing. Uniformity in quality is almost as important as 
high quaUty. It is Ukeiy that the most satisfactory way to make 
52848°— Bull. 611—14 3 



18 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 611. 

progress along these linos is through the preparation of descriptive 
specifications for those kinds of produce that wall be marketetl most 
largely through parcel post. Only by some such means can the 
necessary protection be afforded the purchaser as to quahty and the 
producer as to price. 

The Office of Alarkets of the U. S. Department of Agriculture is 
engaged in a study of standardization which will enable it to pub- 
Ush such grade descriptions as will facilitate ready intercourse. 

Farmers should remember that the parcel post worlvs both ways. 
It is just as useful in having things sent to the farm as in sending 
products away from the farm. Those who have not tested it as a 
means of securing things to supply their own needs will be surprised 
at the convenience and dehght of having ordei-s which can be placed 
by postal card or telephone defivered at the rural free-delivery box 
in front of the farm. 

The practicabifity of shipping perishable produce is not open to 
serious question. For many years the investigators in the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture concerned in the introduction, breeding, im- 
provement, and general study of aU kinds of fruits, vegetables, and 
other plants have utilized the mails in the shipping of experimental 
material. In this way everything from the most delicate fruits to 
vegetables suital)le for all winter storage have been shipped from a 
few miles to several thousand miles. In a great majority of cases, 
packages and packmg have been devised after a few trials which 
have resulted in delivery in good condition. More recently, definite 
and carefully planned experiments covering eggs, butter, strawber- 
ries, cherries, lettuce, and assorted vegetables have been undertaken. 

The tests that have been conducted in the shipping of eggs are 
described in Farmers' Bulletin No. 594, entitled ''Shipping Eggs by 
Parcel Post, " which can be obtained free of charge upon apphcation 
to the Division of Publications, Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
ington, D. C. During the progress of this experiment, and since that 
time, over 10,000 eggs have been shipped with a loss small enough to 
constitute a thorough practical demonstration favorable to the 
method. In the bulletin detailed instructions are given by means of 
which any farm operator, his wife, or older children could make a 
beginning in the establishment of a parcel-post egg market. Indeed, 
many cases of permanent arrangements between producers and con- 
sumers whereby shipments have been made regularly for a period of 
months have already been made. From October of last year to June 
of the present year the writer secured practically his whole supply 
from a farm 92 miles distant from Washington, involving a transfer 
point for all mail. Only two cases of breakage in sufficient quantity 
to be worthy of comment occurred. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 19 

There are numerous types of containers, several of wliich have 
proven satisfactory, concerning which information may be obtained 
by interested persons by applying to the experiment stations in their 
respective States. 

Extensive experiments in the shipping of butter by parcel post 
have been under way for a number of months. No shipments of less 
than 2 pounds are made because of the relatively greater expense inci- 
dent to the shipment of single pounds. It has been sent in 2, 3, 5, 
and 10 pound parcels, not only from the creameries at which it was 
produced to the office in Washington, but from Washington to experi- 
ment stations throughout the country for examination there and sub- 
sequent return. The butter used has been all put up in 1 -pound 
prints, wrapped in regular waterproof butter paper, and placed in 
paraffined paper cartons such as are most commonly used in the dis- 
tribution of fancy creamery butter. These cartons are then inserted 
into corrugated pasteboard containers suitable for accomodating the 
differing amounts to be sliipped, and wrapped with good wrapping- 
paper. 

Under ordinary weather conditions practically no difficulty has 
been experienced in the shipment of butter. The chief problem to be 
solved, of course, is to prevent the butter from liquefying; mere sof- 
tening has not proven injurious. The difficulty is somewhat less 
acute in cold weather than in warm. However, the fact that mail 
cars must be heated in Vvdnter, and that this is accomplished by super- 
heated steam pipes located along the outer walls of the car and beliind 
the mail sacks, tends to make the problem of butter shipment in \\dntcr 
somewhat similar to that in warm weather. 

The regulations of the Post Office Department on this subject are 
of such a nature that it is possible to obviate the trouble to a consid- 
erable extent in cold weather by marking butter parcels as follows: 
"Perishable — Keep away from heating apparatus." Mail clerks are 
expected to be guided by such instructions and to give perishables 
special care. 

With the growth of the parcel post as a method of shipping perish- 
ables it would seem not unlikely that in the future some method of 
refrigeration on a small scale might be developed. Over ordinary 
distances and under average conditions butter wrapped as outlined 
can be shipped A\4thout deterioration. It should always be chilled 
before shipment and chilled again immediately upon receipt by the 
purchaser. It should be dispatched with attention to the mail sched- 
ule so that it will be on the road as short a time as possible, and it is 
preferable that shipments should be timed to make the greater part 
of the journey at night, when teraperatures are materially lower than 
during the clay. 



20 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 611. 

During the strawberry-shipping season, which is just closmg, 28 
crates of berries have been handled by the parcel post. Twenty-four 
of these in 16-quart crates y\^ere shipped from the Eastern Shore of 
Maryland. In order to comply with the post-office requkements the 
crates were fitted with tight bottoms, which would make leakage 
difficult though not wholly impossible. Parcels of tliis character 
weighing over 20 pounds are very generally handled in a manner 
similar to express and are not put in bags. Those weigliing less 
than 20 pounds are usually placed in mail sacks and the wrapping 
in either case must be done accordingly. In only two cases did the 
individual quart boxes containing the berries show sufficient leakage 
to stain the bottom of the crate itself, and in only one of these cases 
was there any evidence of leakage on the outside of the crate. Con- 
sidering the perishable nature of the product and the distance over 
the ordinary routes of travel from the Eastern Shore of Maryland to 
Washington this test certainly indicates promise, as the berries were 
received in fully as good condition as would have been the case by 
any other means of transportation, and w^ere of better quahty than 
berries selling at a higher price at the particular time in the Wash- 
ington market. 

The shipment of the strawberries raised another small but practical 
point in the relation of the parcel post to domestic economy. The 
housewife usually plans to do her preserving or other operations on 
definite days, hence it is important that the shipper and the carrier 
accompHsh the delivery as requested in order that the buyer maybe 
satisfied. Berries intended to be preserved on Wednesday can 
occasion a great deal of inconvenience if they arrive on Thursday, 
when the servant is having a hoHda}-, or the home-keeper herself 
has other engagements. There is small doubt but that over reason- 
able distances and with the fruit of proper shipping texture, straw- 
berries can be carried quite satisfactorily. 

As an experiment in the practicability of shipping in the present 
32-quart commercial crate, 3 shipments were made with the crates 
only tliree-fourths fuU to keep them within the weight limit, and in a 
fourth case as an experiment outside of the present weight fimits a 
full 32-quart crate weighing 56 pounds was shipped. These crates 
were received in fully as good condition as the 16-quart crates. 

Small prefiminary experiments with both sweet and sour cherries 
have been made, but not enough shipments have been conducted to 
warrant any statement of conclusions. 

During the late winter and early spring 8 or 10 baiTels of lettuce 
produced in the experiments of the department on the Arlington 
farm, conducted by the Bureau of Plant Industry, were shipped to 
various parts of the country in 142 parcels. The varieties used in the 
experiments were the "Boston head" and "Grand Rapids." The 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



21 



parcels usually contained, depending upon the size of the heads or 
bunches, from 2 to several dozen heads. The average weight of 
parcels containing 8 to 10 heads was between 4 and 4^ pounds. The 
average weight of those containing 6 was about 3 pounds. The 
parcels were shipped not only in the local zone and to near-by points, 
but to places as far away as Boston, New York, Toledo, Chicago, 
Minneapohs, and elsewhere. In spite of the fact that zero weather 
prevailed during a part of the time when experiments were in progress, 
the lettuce carried through to destination satisfactorily and with 
only a small percentage of waste. In the local zone, lettuce from 
shipments that were kept under observation was perfectly fresh and 
usable at the end of 7 days. Ordinary corrugated cartons hned 
with paraffin paper and wrapped with ordinary strong wrapping 
paper were used for the shipments. 

Experiments have also been conducted with parcels containing an 
assortment of vegetables available at the same time. Such ship- 
ments have usually been uniformly successful and present an exten- 
sion of the hamper system which has been inaugurated to some 
extent by certain of the express companies. The varying degree 
of perishableness of different vegetables must be borne in mind in 
making such shipments. 

For the convenience of persons desiring to attempt the establish- 
ment of direct marketing contracts and for the information of aU 
persons interested in the cost of shipping by parcel post there is given 
in Table 5 the rate for the local, first, and second zones of all parcels 
weighing from 1 to 50 pounds. 

Table 5. — Parcel postage rates up to 150 miles. 



Weisht 

ill 
pounds. 


Local. 


Zones, first 

and second, 

up toltO 

miles. 


Wei-ht 

in 
pounds. 


Local. 


Zones, first 

and second. 

up to 150 

miles. 


AVeight 

in 
pounds. 


Local. 


Zones, first 

and second, 

up to 150 

miles. 


1 


$0.05 
.06 
.06 
.07 
.07 
.08 
.08 
.09 
.09 
.10 
.10 
.11 
.11 
.12 
.12 
.13 
.13 


$0.05 
.06 
.07 
.08 
.09 
.10 
.11 
.12 
.13 
.14 
.15 
.16 
.17 
.18 
.19 
.20 
.21 


18 


0.14 
.14 
.15 
.15 
.16 
.16 
.17 
.17 
.18 
.18 
.19 
.19 
.20 
.20 
.21 
.21 
.22 


$0.22 
.23 
.24 
.25 
.26 
.27 
.28 
.29 
.30 
.31 
.32 
.33 
.34 
.35 
.36 
.37 
.38 


35 


0.22 
.23 
.23 
.24 
.24 
.25 
.25 
.26 
.26 
.27 
.27 
.28 
.28 
.29 
.29 
.30 


$0.39 


2 


19 


36 


.40 


3 


20 


37 


.41 


4 


21 


38 


.42 




22 


39 


43 


6 


23 


40 


.44 




24 . .. 


41 


.45 


8 


25 


42 


.46 


9 


26 


43 


.47 


10 


27 


44 


.48 


11 


28 


45 


.49 


12 


29 


46 


.50 


13 


30 


47 


.51 


14 


31 . . 


48 


.52 


15 


32 


! 49 


.53 


16 


33 


50.. .. 


.54 


17.. 


34 













It should be explained that the local zone rates apply to all business 
originating within the territory of any office, whether it is received 
on a rural route or from the city branches of the particular post office. 



2^ FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 611. 

For distances greater than 150 miles a weight limit of 20 pounds 
applies. Rates for greater distances are not given, as it is believed 
that the greater proportion of parcel-post patrons will be developed 
within the 150-mile radius. A parcel for shipment by mail must not 
exceed 72 inches in length and girth combined. Determine the 
length between ends and take the girth at the tliickest point. If 
the aggregate of the two is not greater than 72 inches, the parcel 
will be received for mailing. The name and address of the sender 
preceded by the word "From" must be placed on every package^ 
From all money-order post offices to offices of the same class parcels 
may be shipped "Collect on delivery" on the payment of a 10-cent 
fee, but the value of the package may not exceed $100. 

In Circular No. 3, dated April, 1914, the Division of Classifica- 
tion, Office of the Third Assistant Postmaster General, published a 
very clear and comprehensive statement of the conditions under 
which parcel-post shipments may be made, including instructions 
for preparation and wrapping. This can be obtained by appfication 
to the local post office or to the Post Office Department, Wasliington, 
D. C, and should be in the possession of every parcel-post patron. 

There are many conditions and circumstances under which the use 
of the parcel post for marketing will not prove economical. There are 
many others, especially for particular products and under particular 
conditions, for which parcel-post transportation would seem the only 
reasonable and economical method. It is not expected that parcel- 
post marketing will supplant usual methods, but its proper use should 
certainly make it a valuable supplement to these under all conditions 
and a check upon other methods when they are not being applied 
with fairness to either producer or consumer or both. 



The first Argentine corn to reach Montreal, Canada, this season 
arrived on June 20 and consisted of about 200,000 bushels. Some 
of this is reported to be for local consumption in Canada and some for 
shipment to the New England States. The ocean rate on corn 
from Buenos Aires to Montreal at this time was reported at 8.7 cents 
per bushel of 56 pounds (14s. 6d. per ton). The cargo in question 
was loaded part at Rosario and part at San Nicolas, Argentine river 
ports located above Buenos Aires. 



The sugar made in Porto Rico from the cane crop of 1913 was 
reported by the Treasury Department of that island as 398,004 tons 
(of 2,000 pounds). The production in 1912 was 371,076 tons. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 23 

Wheat imported into the United Kingxlom during the 5 montlis 
ending Ma}^ 31, 1914, amounted to nearly 68,000,000 bushels. Of 
tliis quantity over 20,000,000 bushels came from the United States, 
about 12,000,000 each from Canada and Australia, about 9,000,000 
each from Russia and Argentina, nearly 2,000,000 bushels from 
British East Indies, and the balance from other countries. 



CAR SUPPLY IN RELATION TO MARKETING THE WHEAT CROP OF 1914. 

By G. C. White, Transportation Specialist, Office of Marhets. 

Since the pubHcation in the Agricxjltukal, Outlook of May 22 of 
the forecast of the yield of wheat in the United States for 1914, the 
question of car supply to move the crop has been engaging the 
attention of the railroads and grain men. Trade journals have called 
attention to a prospective car shortage, and railway periodicals 
have pointed out the necessity of having all box cars thoroughly 
overhauled and put in condition to handle bulk grain. 

The Office of Markets of the United States Department of Agricul- 
ture has undertaken some investigations to ascertain to what extent 
a car shortage this year is anticipated by the grain trade, on what 
roads shortages are most acutely felt, to what extent the trade keeps 
in touch with the roads, advising prospective needs, what information 
is given out by the roads as to ability to fill all orders promptly 
or steps taken to minimtize shortages, and whether or not the car 
supply keeps pace from year to year with the increasing need for 
cars. Replies received cover the States of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, 
Missouri, Xebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. These seven States have for 
1914 an estimated wheat yield of 385,000,000 bushels. 

The sentiment is by no means universal among the country elevators 
that there will be a car shortage. The belief that there will be a 
shortage is most prevalent among the country elevators of Kansas. 
Expressions from terminal elevator points indicate that there will be 
a shortage in all States. 

Opinions as to the roads on which car shortages are most acutely 
felt amount to little and are apparently based on the particular road 
on wliich a man's elevator is located. One man answers that a certain 
road is most prompt in furnishing cars and another man names the 
same road as least prompt. Attention is called to the fact that ade- 
quate car supply is sometimes due to the volume of inbound merchan- 
dise, wliich, when unloaded, makes available empties for outbound 
grain shipments. Points served by more than one road testify that 
they can get cars even when noncompetitive points are suffering from 
a shortage. 



24 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 611. 

Information from the comitry elevators is, for the most part, that 
their advice to the roads of cars needed is in the form of orders for 
cars at the time they are wanted. Terminal elevators and large grain 
dealers, however, have kept in closer touch with the situation and 
have advised the carriers as far in advance as possible of the pros- 
pective needs. 

On the part of the roads statements from officials through the press 
are given to the public, and growers and elevator men are personally 
advised by local agents, traveling freight agents, and other repre- 
sentatives of all steps taken to minimize shortages. Every purchase 
of new cars is advertised and assurance is given that all cars are being 
put in condition to handle bulk grain. In some cases large numbers 
of stock cars are being temporarily fitted up for handhng grain. As 
far as possible, foreign empties are being held by the grain-carrying 
roads, and country sidings are being filled with empties for the first 
rush. 

It is the consensus that the increase in car supply does not keep 
pace from year to year with increasing need for cars. 

The average carload of wheat contains 1,250 bushels. On this 
basis it would require 524,000 cars to move the estimated crop of 
winter wheat for the entire United States the present year and 
308,000 cars to move the crop of the seven States here discussed. 
However, as noted in the Agricultural Outlook of March 23, 1914, 
only 58.1 per cent of the wheat produced is shipped out of the county 
where grown, and on this basis the number of cars required would be 
304,444 and 178,948, respectively. On the same basis it would 
require approximately 432,000 cars to move the entire wheat crop 
of the United States. 

The total number of box cars owned by all the roads in the United 
States June 30, 1911 (the latest report available), was 990,313. 
Taking 15 of the principal roads in the seven States covered by our 
investigations, we find that they had on July 30, 1913, 60,446 miles 
of road and 223,487 box cars. Their aggregate mileage increase for 
the two years from June 30, 1911, to June 30, 1913, was 3 per cent, 
the increase in the number of their box cars, 3 per cent, and the in- 
crease in the tonnage capacity of their box cars, 7^ per cent. The 
figures for individual roads vary from a decrease of 14 per cent in the 
number of box cars to an increase of 32 per cent, and in tonnage 
capacity from a decrease of 5 per cent to an increase of 50 per cent. 
These 15 roads contain approximately 25 per cent of the entire mileage 
of the United States and own approximately 22 per cent of all the 
box cars. The seven States in question produce approximately 40 
per cent of all the wheat of the United States. What the percentage 
of increase is over the 1911 crop is hard to determine for the area 
served by these 15 railroads, but it is safe to say that it has been far 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 25 

greater than the percentage of increase in car supply, inasmuch a,s the 
estimated jdeld of winter wheat for the entire United States for 1914 
exceeds the 1911 crop by 52 per cent, and the increase in car supply 
during 1913-14 has been below normal throughout the country. 

These figures are given, not as furnishing an exact formula for 
determining the number of cars needed to move this year's wheat 
crop and for estimating t]ie shortage in number of cars, but as indi- 
cating some of the factors to be taken into consideration in the 
problem of car supply and car shortage. Other factors are these: 
The wheat harvest will extend over 3 montlis or more from about 
June 10. Doubtless much wheat will be stored after harvest await- 
ing better prices. Not all the cars of any road serving the wheat 
belt are available for wheat traffic. The Santa Fe system, for 
instance, with extensive mileage in New Mexico, Aiizona, and Cali- 
fornia, must necessarily keep a large part of its cars confined to the 
business of those States. Account must be taken of general com- 
mercial conditions also, and of whether the tonnage of other commodi- 
ties handled in box cars is above or below normal during the wheat 
movement. Indications this year are for a heavy crop of corn and 
oats, the movement of both of which commodities will still furtlier 
complicate the situation as regards wheat. 

Even where the entire mileage of a road is confined to v/heat- 
producing territory, many of its cars are absent on other roads, and 
it may or may not have on its line a sufficient number of foreign cars 
to offset the absence of its own. 

The terms used by dift'erent individuals in estimating shortages are 
by no means uniform. The majority express it in terms of percent- 
age, whicji is accurate enough if we understand thereb}^ that for a 
given period only a certain percentage of the cars ordered are fur- 
nished. In the long run every man gets aU the cars ordered, and 
from that point of view there is no shortage. No statement of "car 
shortage" means anything until we know the tim.e limitation and 
oth-cr conditions on which it is based. In its semimontJily bulletins 
of car surpluses and shortages the American Railway Association lays 
down the rule that the figures must represent the differences between 
"cars ordered" on a given day and "cars available." "Cars avail- 
able" is defined as any empties of the kind ordered, either en route 
in trains or on sidings, which can be used to fill the orders of that 
day, and includes also such loaded cars as will be made empty v/itjiin 
24 hours. 

Tlie opinion prevails in some sections that any shortage tins year 
wiU be due more to lack of motive power and terminal facilities than 
to lack of cars. One of the greatest drawbacks has always been 
failure to load and unload promptly and too frequent reconsigning 



26 



FARMEES BULLETIN 611. 



of sliipments. The indications are that shippers and carriers are 
cooperating this year more closely tlian ever before in their efforts to 
avert a car shortage in the movement of the v/heat crop. 



Table 6. 



-Corn and rye: Acreage, condition, forecast and price of corn, and condition of 
rye July 1, tvith comparisons. 



State. 



Acreage. 



Per 

cent 

of 

1913. 



Condition 
July 1. 



Prelim- 
inary, 1914 
1914 



10- 
year 
aver 



Forecast 
1914 
from 
condi- 
tion. 



Final estimates. 



5-year 
average, 
1909-1913. 



Price July 1. 



1914 



5- 
year 



Rye. 



Condition 
Julyl. 



10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 



Maine 

NewHampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts . . 
Rhode Island... 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania. . . 
Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. 
North Carolina . 
Soutli Carolina.. 



P.c. AeresA 



99 
97 
100 
101 
102 

100 
101 
99 
100 
100 

99 
97 
100 
100 
100 



Georsxia j 100 

Florida ! 102 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 



Michigan. .. 
Wisconsin.. 
Minnesota.. 

Iowa 

Missouri 



North Dakota.. 
South Dakota . . 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee . . 
Alal3araa . . , 
Mississippi. 
Louisiana. . 
Texas , 



Oklahoma. 
Arkansas . . 
Montana . . 
Wyoming . 
Colorado. . . 



New Mexico... 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California 



United States 99. 3 



16 
21 

45 
48 
11 

61 
532 
272 
1,463 
197 

663 
1,921 

732 
2,835 
1,975 

4,066 
688 
3,822 
4, 949 
10,346 

1,692 
1,700 
2,544 
10,248 
7,228 

409 
2,904 
7,458 
6, 412 
3,650 

3,3.50 
3,264 
3,270 
2,014 
6,664 

4,275 

2,450 

36 

21 

462 



P.c 

85 
87 
89 
87 
90 

87 
80 
85 
87 
83 



P.c 

83 
84 
84 
89 
93 



P.c 

87 
87 



105,007 So. 8 



Bushelf.i 

626 

840 

1,802 

1,963 

416 

2,707 
19, 073 

9,710 
58,549 

6,886 

22,237 
44,644 
19,803 
49,881 
35, 629 

55, 298 
8,146 
146, 306 
189,448 
370,015 

63,822 
62, 730 

82, 426 
404, 796 

207,444 

12,607 
85, 494 
217,028 
13S, 890 
90,086 

77,720 
48,372 
53,333 
42,798 
138,611 

73, 744 

40,817 

1,004 

527 

10,644 

2,478 
592 
359 
34 

585 

.972 

634 

2,386 



2, 916, 572 



Bushels.^ 
608 
814 

1,605 

1,944 

402 

2, 348 
15,020 
10,862 
57,057 

6,206 

22,110 
51,480 
22,692 
55, 282 
38,512 

63,023 
10, 125 
146, 250 
176,400 
282, 150 

56, 112 
66, 825 
96,000 
338, 300 
129,062 

10,800 

67,320 

114, 1.50 

23,424 

74,825 

68, 675 
55,360 
63,000 
41,800 
163, 200 

52, 2.50 

47,025 

882 

493 

6,300 

1,572 

476 

340 

34 

448 

952 

598 

1,815 



BusheJsA 

694 

967 

1,792 

2,041 

430 

2,755 
18, 682 
10, 157 
56, 524 

6,089 

22,211 
46,959 
20, 137 

47,884 
31,564 

53,482 

8,628 

154, 651 

186,900 

366,883 

54, 829 

56, 346 

76, 584 

352, 230 

200, 859 

6,938 
60,509 
164, 878 
129,700 
92, 543 

80,767 
49, 107 
51,103 
35, 131 
120,286 

75,412 

48,4.39 

533 

268 
6,409 

1,838 

457 

2,54 

29 

362 

800 

542 

1,745 



2,446,988 2,708,334 



Cts. 
74 
74 
73 
72 

100 

77 
70 
71 
68 
65 

63 

82 
76 
90 
94 



'Thousands (000) omitted. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 

Table 7. — Winter and spring wheat: Condition and forecast July 1, with comparisons. 





Winter wheat. 


Spring wheat. 


State. 


Condition 
July 1. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


Final estimates. 


Condition 
July 1. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


Final estimates. 




1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


July 1. 


June 1. 


1913 


5-year 

average 

1909- 

1913. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


July 1. 


June 1. 


1913 


S-year 

average 

1909- 

1913. 




P.c. 


P.c. 


Bu.i 


Bu.i 


£m.i 


£m.i 


P.c. 
95 
90 


P.c. 
97 
92 


76 
24 


76 
22 


Bu.^ 
76 

24 


•^"•L 
















21 




94 

SO 

87 

95 
94 
90 
92 
93 

83 
90 
92 
91 

87 

93 
93 
89 
91 
89 


86 
91 

88 

88 
87 
88 

87 
87 

79 
84 
77 
80 
80 

79 
88 


7,614 

1,232 

21,915 

1,971 
10 355 


7,695 

1,340 

23,183 

1,929 

Q QfiO 


6,800 

1,408 

21,882 

1,638 
8, 113 
10,608 
3,055 
7,078 

972 

1,708 

35, 100 

39,775 

41,888 

12, 776 

1, 749 

810 

10,530 

39,586 


6,793 

1,475 
21,290 

1,817 
9, 290 
9,171 
2,952 
5,936 

761 

1,382 

29, 238 

30, 668 

33, 640 

14,220 
1,591 
2 810 
6,272 

31,048 




New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . 








































. 1 -- 











Virginia 

West Virginia.. 


9,815 9,391 
3,170 3,126 
6, 592 6. 308 




1 
























1 








863 

l,a38 

38, 456 

42, 966 

44, 374 

16, 104 

1,778 


846 

1,552 

37, 843 

42, 494 

41,824 

15,931 
1,759 












Georgia 

Ohio 














1 












1 












i 






Michigan 














Wisconsin 

Minnesota 


93 

88 
93 


89 
85 
89 


1,869 
62,000 
5,602 


1,795 
63,772 

5,408 


1,916 

67,2.30 

5, 865 


1,719 
59,859 




88 
81 


10, 897 
40,835 


10,810 
36,706 


5,543 






North Dakota.. 


94 
92 
93 

85 


85 
80 
80 
63 


95, 871 

48, 176 

5,423 

857 


85,598 

46, 185 

5,157 

907 


78,855 

33,075 

4,200 

468 


90, 231 


South Dakota.. 


85 
95 
100 
101 

101 
91 
85 
80 

100 

93 
92 
91 
97 

102 
91 

102 
97 

95 
95 
96 
95 








900 

58, 125 

86,515 

9,860 

8,400 

374 

14 

13,650 

17,500 

1,313 

12, 288 
1,000 
4,220 

651 

928 

4,600 

368 

8,494 
32, 400 
12,305 

4,200 


2 900 

45, 392 

73, 676 

9,037 

7,718 

297 

59 

8,863 

17, 224 

999 
7,636 

654 
3,762 

530 

642 

3,311 

317 

8,600 
24,609 
12,955 

7,047 


38, 768 


Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Termessee 


80 
72 
S3 

85 
83 
85 
73 
70 

84 
91 
86 
82 

86 
95 
91 

96 

94 
92 
91 
76 


68,238 
151,050 
10,986 

9,166 

380 

13 

14,282 

43,138 

1,289 

13,276 

1,194 

5,457 

1,041 
903 

5,914 
445 

9,823 
32,632 
15,227 

7.94fi 


65,349 

148,029 

10,370 

8,644 

365 

14 

16,858 

41,905 

1,252 
12, 973 
1,168 
5,133 

1,021 
923 

5,698 
437 

10, 136 

32,062 

14, 995 

8,113 


3,687 
618 




















1 






Mississippi 

Texas 




i 


1 






1 






















1 




Montana. 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico. . . 


95 
91 
95 

98 
90 
97 
97 

95 
92 
91 


93 

91 
86 

86 
88 
94 
98 

94 

88 
87 


10,800 
1,476 
7,391 

760 


10, 596 
1,509 
7,089 

729 


8,335 
1,250 
5, 460 

570 


5,618 
1,019 

5, 266 

477 
3 48 


Utah 


1,979 

812 

5,686 

21,819 

3,382 


2,940 
812 

5, 762 

21,280 

3,398 


1,820 
713 

5,600 

20, 900 

3,412 


1,853 


Nevada 


568 

4,4a3 

22,227 

3,399 


Washington 


Caliiomia 
















United States 


94.1 


80.2 


652, 975 


638, 147 


523, 561 


441,212 


92.1 


84.4 


274,003 


262, 135 


239,819 


245, 479 



1 Thousands (000) omitted. 



•1913 only. 



3 Four years. 



28 

Table 8. 



. FARMERS BULLETIN 611. 

All wheat and oats: Stocks on farms and price of wheat; condition, forecast, 
and price of oats, July 1, toith comparisons. 





All wheat. 


Oats. 










Condi- 


Forecast from 






Price 




Stock on farms July 1, 


Price July 1. 


tion 


condition. 


Final estimates. 


Julv 1. 










July 1. 












State. 


" 
















> 








O CO 




i 




















» (S 












0,^ 




u 


-* 


m 


^a 


■^ 


CO 


g 


,-1 


s 


ri 


a 


M 


> ha 


*^ 


> 




ii 


c» 




f^^ 


Oi 


o 


f^ 


rH 


en 


^ 


t-a 


,-H 


^03 




\^ 




P.c. 


J5tt.' 


Bu.i 


Bu.^ 


Ctx. 


atx. 


Cts. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


Bu.T- 


Sw.i 


Bu.^ 


JSm.1 


Cts 


Cts. 


Me 


7.0 


5 


6 


8 






120 


97 
92 
91 

88 
85 

87 
89 


96 
93 
94 
94 
92 

92 

90 


5,539 

425 

2,969 

297 
56 

345 
38,384 


5,358 
438 

3,045 
320 
61 

329 
36,898 


5,600 
420 

3,081 
315 
52 

308 
42, 712 


5,029 
430 

2, 869 
284 
57 

342 
39,681 


60 
56 
58 

57 
45 

52 
48 


61 


N H 


105 
100 




62 


Vt 


1.0 







1 


102 


118 


58 




57 


R I.. 
















60 


















68 


N. Y 


4.8 


326 


241 


365 


98 


101 


107 


54 


N.J 


b.O 


84 


73 


84 


101 


100 


109 


85 


88 


1,965 


1,913 


2,030 


1,990 


49 


65 


Pa.. . 


7.0 
3.5 

5.0 


1,530 
57 

406 


1,428 1,282 
68 60 


92 


100 


106 
107 

101 


SO 
63 

70 


90 

85 

87 


30,474 
89 

993 


31,546 
118 

1,160 


35, 774 
122 

1,280 


34, 464 
119 

1,285 


49 
49 

51 


64 


Del 


85 97 


50 


Md 


449 


353 


85 


93 


64 


Va 


5.0 
5.8 


530 
177 


464 
159 


376 

147 


95 
100 


105 

104 


109 
111 


58 
57 


86 
88 


2,714 
1,724 


3,416 
2,450 


4,192 
2,760 


3,839 
2,558 


•65 
56 


68 


W. Va 


60 


N.C 


;^..'?. 


368 


255 


237 


105 


107 


118 


70 


85 


3,445 


3,671 


4,485 


3,740 


62 


(16 


s.c 


3.5 


34 


18 


34 


114 


118 


122 


76 


84 


7, 168 


6,925 


8,460 


7,053 


69 


69 


Ga 


4.0 


68 


26 


31 


123 


118 


126 


79 

72 
73 


88 
80 
85 


7,912 

64S 

50,642 


7,186 

603 

51,437 


9,240 

900 

54.360 


7,810 

701 

65, 129 


64 
65 
40 


68 


ria 


73 


Ohio 


fi.5 


2,282 


439 


1,857 


8.5 


98 


106 


46 


Ind 


3.G 
2.0 

fi.4 


1,432 

838 

81 » 


403 
265 

371 


1,577 
1,119 

838 


76 
72 

86 


92 

87 

96 


101 
96 

105 


65 
68 

02 


80 
80 

85 


40, 841 
120, 748 

51,571 


47,002 
138,592 

50,177 


36,380 
104, 125 

45,000 


54,666 
144, 625 

47, 021 


38 
36 

40 


44 


in... 


43 


Mich 


48 


VvMs 


7.0 


257 


232 


187 


85 84 


97 


95 


91 


84, 854 


85, 515 


83,038 


74, 644 


37 


44 


Minn 


7.5 


5,103 


5,497 


3.8.35 


78 


82 


99 


91 


8() 


110,656 


105,062 


112, 644 


96, 426 


32 


40 


Iowa 


5.S 


951 


1,156 


619 


77 


82 


92 


92 


86 


172,318 


172,121 


168, 360 


166, 676 


34 


40 


Mo., 


3.5 


1,386 


998 


1,169 


71 


85 


96 


60 


75 


24, 990 


27, 832 


26,500 


29,307 


43 


47 


N. Dak 


4.0 


3,154 


6.610 


3,252 


78 


79 


95 


94 


85 


74, 083 


66, S28 


57, 825 


57, 063 


33 


43 


S. Dak 


5.0 


1,699 


3, 131 


1,819 


77 


79 


94 


90 


81 


49, 860 


49, 288 


42, 135 


37, 027 


35 


42 


Nebr 


4.0 


2, 493 


2, SOS 


2, 394 


70 


75 


88 


93 


79 


67,341 


64, 835 


59, 625 


.54,828 


35 


41 


Kanr, 


2.5 


2,175 


3.322 


2, 391 


70 


76 


92 


86 


70 


54, 801 


56, 148 


34,. 320 


39,612 


41 


46 


Kv. 


2.0 
2.0 


197 
IGS 


158 
226 


225 
237 


78 
85 


84 
94 


100 
105 


66 
73 


78 
84 


2,816 
5,516 


3,083 
5,608 


3,168 
6, 300 


3,422 
6,126 


52 
50 


66 


Tenii 


55 


Ala . 


2.5 
4.0 


9 
1 


11 
3 


10 
2 


112 


114 

85 


118 
100 


86 
86 


86 
84 


6,79? 
2,927 


6,641 
2,864 


6,662 
2,800 


5,157 
2,146 


63 
61 


67 


Miss 


65 


La 
















87 
73 


S4 
76 


1,066 

28. 616 

■ 


1,092 
32,487 


990 
.32,500 


716 
22,651 


5'.i 
42 


62 


Tpx 


3.5 


478 


33! 


149 


77 


87 


99 


49 


Okla 


1.0 


175 


482 


346 


64 


75 


90 


85 


69 


32, 467 


33,422 


18,540 


18,467 


36 


46 


Ark 


4.0 


53 


32 


35 


86 


90 


101 


80 


80 


5,518 


5,057 


6, 360 


4,569 


62 


69 


Mont 


5.2 


1,075 


1,625 


577 


75 


66 


92 


97 


94 


25, 191 


.3,914 


21,750 


18,878 


37 


64 


AVvo 


6.0 


135 


164 


74 


90 


87 


97 


92 


92 


8,906 


8, 984 


8,360 


6,399 


60 


56 


Cob 


3.5 


339 


494 


3S3 


77 


72 


95 


77 


88 


10, 397 


12,924 


10, 675 


10,397 


48 


67 


N. Mex 


2.0 


24 


80 


38 


110 


94 


118 


97 


8f. 


1,880 


1,812 


1,500 


1,415 


60 


58 




1.0 
fi.5 


9 
417 


18 
473 


11 
326 


120 

SO 


112 

75 


104 
91 


94 
99 


92 
95 


338 
4,419 


346 
4, 464 


301 
4,140 


242 
3,825 


64 
47 


74 


Utah 


59 


Nev 


6.0 


65 


40 


37 


90 


120 


120 


96 


96 


518 


518 


473 


376 


60 


79 


Idaho 


fi.5 


916 


72S 


522 


72 


72 


85 


97 


96 


15,136 


15, 292 


15,112 


14,061 


36 


51 


Wash 


2.3 


1,226 


1,2S9 


1,089' 73 


79 


87 


94 


94 


14,517 


■ 14,404 


14,250 


13, 493 


40 


52 


Ore?; 


4.0 


629 


736 


528 77 


82 


91 


96 


92 


13,62S 


13,417 


15,228 


12,906 


3V 


62 


Cal 


3.5 


147 


■201 


267 94 


100 


102 


95 


85 


8, 569 


8,930 


6,636 


6,624 


68 


69 






V. S.. 


4.2 


32,236 35,515 

1 


28, 891 76. 9 


SI. 4 


96.2 


84.5 


..r 


1, 197, 105 


1,216,223 


1,121,768 


1,131,175 


38.8 45.2 



1 Thousands (000) omitted. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



29 



Table 9. — ■Barley and flaxseed: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price Jalij 1, tuith 

comparisons. 





Barley. 


Flaxseed. 




Condi- 
tion 
Julyl. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


o 
o.S 


Price 
July 1. 


Acreage. 


Condi- 
tion 
Julyl. 


R 
o 

o 

B 
2 
"^ c 

1 

o 


5-year average, 1909-1913, 
fmal estimates. 


Price 
July 1. 


State. 




6 

1 
> 

C3 
o 


1-5 


C 
p 

l-a 




o3 

> 
03 
I-t 

03 

>> 


CO 
en 

O 

c 

I 


a 
B 


■^ 

o 


6 
> 

o 


S 


as 
03 
1 




P.c. 
92 
92 
90 

88 
8:3 

89 
&3 
80 
&5 
89 

93 
93 

87 
93 


p.c. 
94 
90 
93 
90 
90 

91 
91 

87 
86 
91 

86 
90 

8.5 


140 

26 

362 

1,947 

166 

144 
274 
982 
211 
1,566 

2,346 

20,066 

35,366 

10, 714 

105 

30, 830 

22, 138 

2,837 

5,304 

79 

52 
218 
187 
2,313 
464 

3,987 

137 

1,380 

1,.376 

522 

7,887 
7,237 
4, 153 
45, 803 


jBm.1 

142 

27 

376 

1,936 

182 

146 
297 

1,064 
220 

1,620 

2,306 

20, 045 

35, 718 

10, 322 

120 

28, 058 

20, 975 

2,713 

4,802 

82 

52 
221 
206 
2,281 
453 

3,8.36 

133 

1,441 

1,331 

528 

7,875 
7,262 
4,319 
45,341 


BuA 

118 

25 

372 

2,081 

179 

121 
263 
664 
242 
1,603 

2,216 

21,351 

34,044 

12,395 

140 

22, 700 

17,368 

1,981 

2,921 

76 

62 

127 

156 

1,189 

327 

2,530 

65 

1,294 

1,006 

467 

5,905 
6,522 
3,673 
37, 690 


as. 

77 
95 
85 
71 
70 

70 
77 
55 
50 
53 

60 
51 
42 
50 

38 
43 
44 
53 
72 

70 
60 

"'49 

85 

56 
91 
40 
55 
75 

47 
48 
53 


Cts. 
90 
92 

87 
80 
69 

62 
74 
69 
68 
68 

72 

72 
63 
64 

78 

58 
62 

57 
60 

74 

79 

77 
55 
72 
76 

70 
77 
68 
69 
93 

65 
65 
7? 


P.C. 


Ac.i 


p.c. 


p.c. 


Bu.i 


I?u.i 


Cts. 


Cts. 


New Hampshire 


































New York 
















Pcnnsylvauia. . . 

Maryland 

Viri^inia . . 


















































Ohio 


















Indiana 
















' 


Illinois 


















Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Miimesota 

Iowa 


















85 
90 
93 
80 

85 
80 
75 
90 


8 

315 

26 

8 

850 

340 

7 

45 


93 
85 
91 
83 

91 

92 
75 
S8 


88 
86 
89 
83 

88 

88 
87 
81 


112 

2,945 

279 

55 

7,580 

3,003 

52 

336 


lis 

3,315 
221 
90 

8,535 

3,842 

24 

316 


141 

140 
124 


160 
171 
172 


Missouri 


76 S.T 




North Dakota.. 
South Dakota . . 

Nebraska 

4Cansas 


93 
91 
93 

85 
90 

92 
85 
86 
96 
96 

98 
98 
91 
100 
98 

98 
94 
92 
99 


85 
81 
80 
6o 

87 

88 
80 
69 
94 
93 

89 
87 
93 
95 
96 

95 
93 
93 

82 


140 
140 
125 


172 
171 

"'156 


Kentucky 

Temiessee 




















Texas 


























84 
94 


".'3,'244 



2,988 






Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 


80 


320 


93 


122 




SO 


8 


*92 


90 59 


40 


118 




















Utah 








1 








































AVashington 






















■■■■| " 










56 71 








I 
















I 








United States. 


92.6 


84.4 


211,319 


206, 430 


181,873 


47.5'65.3 84.] 


1,927 


90.5 


86.8 


17,665 


19,501 


136.0 


170. S 



1 Thousands (000) omitted. 



30 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 611. 

Table iO. — Tobacco and rice: Acreage, condiUon, and forecast July 1, with comparisons. 





Tobacco. 


Rice. 




Acreage. 


Condi- 
tion 
July 1. 


1 

i 

1-H73 

03 
O 


en 

s 


Acreage. 


Condi- 
tion 
Julyl. 


Forecast 1914 from con- 
dition. 




State. 


01 

o 
1 


la 

a . 

Eg 

f-, 

Ik 


"-I 


so 

i 

1 


o 
o 


a . 


CD 


03 
a 

> 
03 

6 


"-I 03 
bit -13 


New Hampshire 


P.c. 
IDO 
100 
108 
110 
106 

85 
80 
80 
72 
90 

105 
108 
108 
106 
85 

75 
106 

80 
105 

86 

75 


Acres. 

100 

100 

6,600 

20,200 

4,600 

33, 100 

20, 000 
160, 000 

10,800 
225, 000 

46, 000 

1,900 

4,300 

86,800 

13,500 

600 

45,600 

4,100 

388, 500 

77,400 

200 


P.C. 

90 
95 

89 
94 
95 

86 
78 
58 
62 
60 

65 

77 
77 
74 
70 

80 
98 
76 
64 
58 

65 


p.c. 

93 
93 
94 

96 
92 

90 
87 
86 
88 
80 

82 
90 
91 

87 
S4 

8G 
92 
82 
83 
83 


166 

171 

10,502 

32,659 

5,681 

43, 838 
12, 480 
80, 736 
5,759 
108,000 

27,209 
1,317 
3,046 

63,590 

9,828 

442 

58, 094 

3,428 

248,640 

40,403 

91 


163 
164 

9,524 
28,337 

4,997 

57,351 

IS, 60;i 

135,. 38S 

12 763 


p.c. 


Acres. 


P.C. 


P.c. 


Bu. 


Bv.i 


Vermont 








""" 




Massachusetts 








1 




Comieeticut 










New York 


\ 











Pennsylvania 


1 










Maryland 












Virginia 














[ 










North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 


127, 339 

22,02- 

1,323 

2,987 

79,966 

18,939 

842 

47, 807 

5,578 

350,502 

70,426 

153 


60 

140 

260 

90 


200 

6,900 

1,300 

400 


88 

87 
84 
80 


84 

86 
88 
85 


5,597 

168, 084 
33, S52 
9,000 


14 

273 
64 
15 


Indiana 














Illinois 














Wisconsin 














Missouri 


.......... 










Kentucky 














Tennessee 














Alabama 


80 


onn 


8,'-. 
85 
86 
88 
83 
95 


88 
86 
88 
88 
87 


5,610 

41,650 

10,968,354 

8,319,168 

3,287,049 

779, 760 


10 


Mississippi 




90, 1, 400 
85! 344,700 
80: 242,400 
88| 92, 100 
250 15,200 


57 




110 
100 
90 


700 
200 
700 


91 86 
90 83 
67 86 


376 
144 
361 


218 
159 

471 


11, 775 
9,006 


Texas 




California ^ 


2 93 






1" " 








United States 


94.6 


l,lol,000 


66.0 84.6 


756, 961 


996, 087 


85.2 704,800 


86.5 


88.0 


23, 61S, 724 


24,016 



I Thousands (000) omitted. 



2 Four years. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 31 

Table 11. — Potatoes: Acreage, condition, forecast, and pri^e July 1, with comparisons. 



State. 



Maine 

NewHampshiro 

Vermont 

Massachnsotts. . . 
Rhode Island... 

Connecticut 

Ne\7 Vorlv 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania. . . 
Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. . 
North Carolina.. 
South Carolina.. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

V/isconsin 

Mu!ne.sota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

NorUi Dakota... 
South Dakota... 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississij.pi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

NewMe.xico 

Arizona 

Utali 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States. 



P "-I 



P.c 

100 

too 

1(X) 

too 

103 

102 
102 

98 
101 

9S 

101 
101 
100 
100 

1051 

too 

110 
90 

100; 
99 

10-1 

\m 

101 
98 
102 

101 
103 
99 



99 
lOOl 
99 
95 



Condi- 
tion 
July 1. 



Acres. ' 
128 
IV 

25 



92 
268 



43 
lOG 
48 
30 
10 

v: 

13 
15S 

75 
12-1 

364 
304 

278 
147 

87 

61 
62 
117 
72 

51 

38 
IS 
12 
24 
44 

32 
24 
37 
13 



P.c. 

92 
90 
90 
90 



3,708 



P.c. 

w 

92 

92 

-90 



94 91 
9i| 92 



83.6 



88.7 



JSm.i 

27,08.' 

2,142 

3, 160 

3,25f< 

C58 

2,621 
36,737 

8,346 

22,383 

847 

3,225 
6, 148 
3,00(i 
1,693 
656 

76t 
1,149 

11,888 
5, 145 
7,' 

37,099 
33, 19; 
28, 012 
13,377 

4, 102 

6,454 
5,362 
9, 5S2 
4,774 
2,4:?2 

1,839 
1,184 
864 
1,673 
2,605 

2 227 
l!404 

5, 565 
1, 755 
9,532 






> SI 

oil fl 



Price 
July 1. 



Sweet potatoes. 



Acreage. 



5«.i 

2.5,077 

2,298 

3,414 

2,922 

600 

2,43' 
36,288 

8,438 

22,653 

946 

3,383 
8,137 
3,S89 
2,349 
816 

92S 

918 

16, 193 

7,222 

9,921 

35,273 
31,625 
25,885 
13,227 
6,031 

4,797 
4,217 
7,231 
4,148 
4,000 

2,091 
1,245 
801 
1,4.57 
2,691 

1,004 

1,919 

•1.2 

1,094 

8,161 



993 644 

99 9; 

3,. 574 2,72'. 

1,940 1,369 



5,409 
9, 248 
6,311 
10,474 



i60,614 



5,232 
8,636 
6,408 
9, 375 



356,627 



CU 
65 
96 
68 
105 
120 

110 
90 
112 

89 
95 

90 
95 

107 
96 

133 

110 

129 

11 

103 

128 

6' 
60 
65 
120 
114 



124 
120 

126 

118 
106 

96 

8 

86 

93 
9. 
62 
100 
90 

13 

148 
.54 
82 

60 

4' 
46 
71 

81.5 



as 

60 

78 
72 



9; 



Condi- 
tion 
July 1. 



P.c. 



P.c. 



89 



88 



90 



593 77. 1 87. 3 



5m.i 



2,726 
114 

588 

974 
2,709 

193 
6,437 
3,819 

6, 162 

1, 729 

101 

101 

662 



198 
475 



462 
693 

1,411 

4,763 
3,. so: 
4, 663 
3,88-1 

479 
1,290 



Price 
June 15. 



3,066 
117 
657 

999 
3,77! 

210 
7,737 
4, 508 

7,111 

2,278 

110 

11? 

841 



19t 
039 



437 
941 

1,997 
6.014 
4,976 
5,007 
2, 92-; 

3.:.; 

l,81i 



49,474 



80:> 



57,628 



70 



92.5 



101 



100 
115 

ss 

79 



1.34 
127 
144 



181 
118 



192 
142 
101 

109 
88 
86 
74 

115 



I Thousands (000) omitted. 



32 farmers'' bulletin 611. 

Table 12. — Condition of products named and price of hay July i, ivith comparisons. 





Hay (all). 


Timo- 
thy. 


ClQ 


ver. 


Alfalfa. 


Millet. 


Pas- 
ture. 


Kafir 
com. 


Cana- 
dian 
peas. 


Cow- 
peas. 


State. 


Condi- 
tion 
Julyl. 


Price 
July 1. 














Condition July 1. 












5? 


1 

1 

to 




1 

03 

i 


05 


1 
6 




1 
o 




to 


52 


I 


53 


i 
1 
1 

6 




2 

ID 




i 

s 

> 

1 
00 

P.C. 

94 


cn 
P.C. 


C3 
1-1 

a) 
ofe 


Me 


P.c. 

90 
90 
75 
81 

75 

82 
78 
74 
80 
72 

70 
48 
60 

68 
72 

75 
78 
72 
65 
58 

81 
98 
96 
83 

45 

97 
97 
96 
80 
62 

62 
69 
70 
85 
94 

79 
68 
97 
96 
102 

% 
90 
92 
99 

92 
95 
95 
94 


P.C. 

87 
8:i 

88 
88 
89 

87 
80 
84 
82 
81 

77 
79 
79 

86 

85 

88 
90 
79 
80 
79 

81 
85 
77 
81 
76 

81 
75 
80 
80 

78 

82 
87 
86 
88 
81 

78 
82 
93 
89 
87 

89 
92 
89 
95 

93 
93 
90 

82 


Dols. 
13. -10 


Doh 
14.6? 


P.C. 

90 
91 

74 
84 
76 

83 
78 
76 
80 
65 

69 
45 
58 
65 
65 

61 


P.c. 
91 

88 
90 
91 
91 

90 
83 
83 
83 
SO 

80 

80 
80 
86 
86 

90 


P.c. 

90 
88 
74 
79 
69 

74 
74 
70 
75 
71 

69 
50 
63 
69 
70 

68 


P.C. 

90 

86 
87 
90 
91 

91 

84 
81 
81 
79 

76 
80 
83 
86 
87 

89 


P.C 


.P.C. 


P.c. 
90 
95 
91 

85 
90 

90 
81 
80 
83 


p.c. 

87 
8S 

88 

88 
88 

88 
83 
84 
86 


P.c. 

93 
93 

83 
84 
72 

87 
87 
79 
84 
66 

71 
52 
62 
66 
68 

72 

78 
76 
70 
60 

91 
102 
97 
91 
50 

97 
98 
96 
80 
59 

66 
65 
70 
88 
96 

76 
64 
98 
101 
101 

98 
87 
98 
99 

96 
95 
97 
99 


P.c. 

94 
90 
93 
91 
91 

91 

89 
84 

87 
S3 

83 

89 
90 
89 
87 

89 

88 
89 
87 
86 

87 
90 
88 
88 
81 

89 
85 
86 
86 

87 

88 
90 
90 
91 
88 

86 
90 
97 
94 
91 

80 
82 
93 
97 

98 
95 
95 
87 


p.c. 


P.C. 


P.C. 

92 


P.C. 


N. H.. 


17.8017.02 
15.70|14.3S 
20. -50121. 12 
21,00.23.16 

20.00;22.S8 
15.00:15.62 
20. 40 19. 48 
14.5015.98 
14. 20 16. 02 

1 
14. 00 16 08 
17. 30 15. 96 
17. 00 15. 98 
IS. 00 15. 96 
20.0019.10 

17.5018.48 
18.2017.26 
12. 80 14. 32 
13. 40 13. 32 
14.6013.22 

11.70 13. 50 
10. 10 12. 14 
7.00j 8.24 
in.OO! 9.74 
15.0011.20 


79 
65 
70 












Vt 






82 
84 


90 
















R. I 












Conn 


















N. Y 


90 

87 
88 
78 

89 
72 
77 
75 
75 

75 


89 
90 
89 
88 

87 
84 
87 
87 
89 

88 






87 


90 






N. J 






83 
90 


9? 


Pa 






94 


91 


88 


Del 






80 91 


Mc1 














89 
74 
75 

75 
77 

80 
81 
70 
76 


88 


Va 


65 
70 
80 
76 

72 


85 
84 
88 
84 

88 






65 




86 


W. Va 






90 


N.C 






68 
70 

77 


84 

84 


87 


S. C 






85 


Oa 






87 


Fin, . 






88 


Ohio 


71 
64 
58 

82 
97 
95 
81 
40 

93 
94 
94 

77 
60 

60 
75 


79 
80 
79 

81 
85 
S3 
81 
74 

84 
82 
83 
80 
79 

84 
88 


74 
63 
59 

80 
97 
96 
84 
45 

94 
93 
92 

74 
59 

60 
74 
68 
86 


80 
79 

82 

82 
86 
82 
81 
80 

86 
83 
87 
84 
81 

85 
89 
85 
88 


89 
85 
85 

89 
95 
91 

85 
80 

98 
98 
97 
89 
79 

75 
80 
70 
90 
91 

84 
80 
95 
96 
102 

96 

89 
85 
98 

93 
95 
90 
99 


87 
86 
88 

84 
87 
84 
89 
86 

86 
85 
86 
84 
87 

87 
89 
84 
89 
83 

84 
88 
95 
90 
84 

89 
93 
83 
93 

92 
94 
92 
93 


75 
70 
71 

89 
94 
93 
94 
65 

92 
94 
94 
86 
65 

65 
73 
76 
91 
86 

79 
63 
91 
91 
95 

92 
91 


85 
84 
84 

86 
88 
84 
86 

84 
84 
82 
77 
82 

83 
86 
83 
85 
77 

79 

83 
91 

83 

87 

84 
98 






80 
65 


90 

82 


88 


Ind . . . 






86 


11! 


SO 


S6 


60 85 




93 
88 
91 
98 
70 

90 
92 


87 
■ 90 
88 
87 
83 


91 
90 
90 
93 
70 


86 


Wis 


90 
84 
93 
74 

104 
94 
92 
89 


83 
"80 

"84 
81 


88 


Minn 

Iowa 

Mo. .. 


89 
89 

85 


N. Dak.. 


6.50 
6.80 
7.40 
9.10 
17.00 

17. 80 
16.00 


6.62 
7.14 
8.36 
8.08 
14.80 

15.14 
14.02 




S. Dak 

Ncbr. 




91 


92 


Kans 

Ky... 


91 




89 
70 

71 
75 
75 

77 
88 

85 
65 


84 
86 


Tenn 

Ala 


60 
65 




68 
72 
73 
75 
81 

92 
70 
95 

98 
98 

92 


"74 

84 

"95 
"92 

82 


87 
87 


Mis3 


12.9012.26 
12.10 11.72 


Sfi 


La 






90 
95 

86 
70 


"82 

85 
84 


86 


Tex 


10.60 

8.00 
13.00 
8.30 
8.00 
9.00 

10.50 
15.20 
8.80 
9.60 

7.80 
10.40 
8.40 
8.50 


10.98 

8.04 
12.26 
10.64 

9.74 
10.46 

11.62 
11.06 
8. 86 
11.46 

9.02 
12. 98 
10.42 
11.58 






84 


Okla 






85 
70 
95 
96 
97 

93 


85 
84 
95 
90 
89 

85 


8fi 


Ark 


64 
95 
97 
99 

99 


82 
93 
92 
92 

86 


86 


Mont 




■\Vvo 






98 . 


Colo 


97 

96 
90 
55 


86 

82 
94 


95 


90 


N. Mex 










Utah 


95 
100 

88 
94 
94 
100 


94 
97 

94 
93 
92 
90 


96 
100 

95 
96 
95 
98 


94 
94 

95 
95 
93 
92 


95 
96 

95 
94 
90 
96 


84 


99 


8.3 


Nev 










90 
93 
97 




"98 






96 
96 
92 

88 


95 
92 

85 
96 


90 


Wash 






94 


Oreg 

Cal.. 






93 


97 


91 


91 










U.S.. 


80.8 


81.9 


12.01 


12.59 


72.7 


82.2 


69.7 


81.9 


93.3 


87.5 


82.1 


81.5 


82.1 


87.6 


90.5 


83.9 











THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 33 

Table 13. — Fruits: Condition July 1, with comparisons. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 
Vermont 

Massacliusetts. . . 
Riiode Island . . . 



Connecticut... 

New York 

New Jersey . . . 
Permsylvani.i. 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia . 
Florida. 
Ohio.... 
Indiana . 
Illinois.. 



Michigan.. 
Wisconsin. 
Minnesota. 

Iowa 

Missouri... 



North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky. . . . 



Tennessee . . 
Alabama. . . 
Mississippi . 
Louisiana . . 
Texas 



Oklahoma. 
Arkansiis. . 
Montana . . 
Wyoming. 
Colorado . . 



New Mexico . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California. . . 



United States. 



, ,„„ Peach- 
Apples. g3_ 



Pears. 



Grapes.L^'l^f^k^; 



Rasp- 
berries. 



Water- 
melons. 



Canta- Strai 
loupes ' •■ 



Condition July 1. 



P.c. P.c 



P.C. 

15 



P.C 



P.c. 

Si 
66 
55 
73 
80 

70 
55 
78 
68 
45 

67 
53 
56 
65 
59 

57 
67 
62 
50 
53 

74 
95 



P.c. 

81 
80 



P.c. 



71 
66 
64 
51 

58 
50 
46 
52 
59 

51 
57 
53 
53 
46 

64 
70 93 
88 
41 
401 75 



... 85 

48, 76 

48i 70 

50 84 



86 



P.c 



P.c 

90 

88 
90 
87 
85 

80 
86 
84 
85 
75 



98 



P.c. 
94 
94 
91 
91 
93 

94 
90 
89 



90 



81 



96 . 

99 

95! 90 

99:. 



84. 2 59. 4 56. 2 56. 6 62. 4 61. 8 89. 9 86. 9 77. 3 84. 2 S4. 7 84. 4 76. 3 79. 5 80. 2 79. 4 74. 2 79. 6 



P.c 



P.c. P.c. 

90; 
90, 



8S 82 
78 



73 



P.c. 



P.c. 

"so 



P.c. 



o Liy vv - 
berries. 



Produc- 
tion.' 



P.c. 
94 



P.c. 
91 



76 
68 

78 
77 
76 
66 



90 
95 
9 

95 
100 

83 

95i 78 



89 89 
88 88 
95 90 



Production compared with a full crop. 



34 



FAKMEES" BULLETIN 611. 



Table 14. — Tomatoes, cabbages, onions, beans, lima beans, peanuts, hops: Condition 

July 1, with comparisons. 





Toma- 
toes. 


Cabbages. 


Onio 


Beans 
(di-y). 


Lima 
beans. 


Peanuts. Hops. 












Condition July 1. 




State. 


•v 


8> 
§ 

00 


Ci 


a, 

i 
> 


as 


go 

2 


s 


> 

§ 
of> 


^ 


4) 
>> 




es 

03 
QO 




ci 
> 

03 

2 




P.ct. 

88 
88 
85 
86 
92 

87 
92 
85 
84 
70 

74 
64 
76 
73 
70 

70 

77 
82 
77 
72 

88 
92 
90 
91 

67 

87 
91 
91 

84 
' 70 

69 
09 
71 

SO 
75 

76 
62 
91 
92 
90 

91 

86 
95 

88 

70 
' 87 
; 89 
. 93 

77.0 

1 


p.ct. 

89 
86 
90 

87 
88 

89 
87 
89 
85 
86 

85 
88 
89 
89 
SO 

89 

82 
87 
86 
87 

85 
87 
83 
89 

82 

77 
77 
82 
82 
89 

88 
87 
85 

85 
78 

80 

86 
79 
81 
82 

78 
86 
84 
79 

86 
84 
86 
91 


p.ct. 

88 
85 
87 
86 
88 

86 
88 
81 
86 
73 

81 
60 
76 
64 
65 

60 
82 
82 

73 
67 

89 
93 

88 
86 
58 

88 
90 
87 

77 
64 

62 
66 
65 
75 

78 

68 
59 
93 
92 
93 

91 
87 
96 
95 

91 
90 
90 
94 

81.4 


p.ct. 
90 

88 
91 

88 
89 

91 

88 
90 
88 
90 

87 
89 
90 
89 
86 

88 
87 
89 
87 
86 

86 
87 
84 
88 
81 

81 
81 
82 
79 
89 

89 
87 
83 
83 

77 

77 
82 
92 
91 
87 

82 
88 
90 
88 

1 93 
90 
94 
91 

j87. 2 


P.ct. 

85 
85 
82 
89 
85 

84 
87 
82 
87 
80 

85 
71 
80 
74 
71 

72 


P.ct. 

89 
88 
90 

87 
88 

90 
88 
90 
91 
91 

89 
92 
91 
92 

88 

90 


p.ct. 
89 
91 
92 
86 
90 

84 
91 
80 
82 
75 

84 
54 
73 
65 
65 

66 


P.ct. 
91 

89 
91 
89 
90 

91 

89 

88 
88 

82 
85 
86 
86 
85 

85 


P.ct. 

89 
95 
75 
88 
90 

88 
88 
85 
85 
80 

83 
f5 
76 
68 
/ 70 

fi5 


P.ct) 
91 
86 1 
86 
85 
86 

87 
87 
85 I 

87! 
84 

81 
So 
86 
88 
84 

88 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


p.ct. 






















Massacliusetls - 


































87 


84 






























Maryland 








83 


S3 












North Carolina 


82 
75 

80 

84 


86 

85 












88 
90 














85 
81 
76 

88 
94 
90 
91 

74 

92 
93 
93 

89 
80 

76 
81 
77 
79 
80 

87 
77 
93 
96 
94 

92 
87 
99 
96 

94 
91 
91 
96 

84.7 


90 
88 

88 

86 
89 
87 
91 

85 

86 
84 
85 
84 
91 

92 
91 

88 
86 
84 

84 
89 
93 
92 
90 

90 
91 
93 
91 

94 
91 
92 
93 


80 
80 

74 

89 
90 
89 

88 
68 

93 
93 
90 
90 
63 

65 

64 
73 
83 
88 

80 
58 
90 


88 
80 
86 

90 
90 

88 
88 
80 

86 
84 

85 
78 
85 

86 
86 
86 
83 
80 

78 
80 


81 
76 

74 

86 
90 

eo 

86 
68 

92 
93 

88 
84 
66 

56 
67 
70 
80 

84 

79 
55 
97 


89 

84 
85 

87 
88 
85 
88 
81 




































































































84 
80 
86 

85 
87 
86 
86 
80 

76 
80 










Kan s?.s 

Kentucky 


















70 
78 
80 
81 

77 

78 
67 


83 
SS 
86 
89 
84 

82 
So 






























































96 

94 
91 
90 


86 

87 
88 
86 


95 
89 


87 










New Mexico 












95 


92 






Utah 


97 


87 
















Idaho 

Washington 

California 


74 
87 
89 
96 

89.5 


90 
88 
90 
89 


71 
94 
95 
92 


91 
89 
89 
91 














97 
95 
86 


91 






89 


95 


90 


90 


United States 


S6.2 


88.8 


88.8 


77.9 


185.7 

1 


80.8 


86.4 


91.4 


88.0 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



35 



Table 15. — Condition of sorghum, sugm- beets, sugar cane, broom corn; iveight per fleece 
and price of wool, with comparisons. 





Sorghum. 


Sugar beets 


Sugar 


cane 




Wool. 




Broom com. 




s 

o 

c 

o 

i 
< 


Condition 
July 1. 


Condition 
July 1. 


Condition 
July 1. 


Weight per 
fleece. 


Price 
June 15. 


Condition 
July 1. 


State. 




j 
1 

1 


S 


>> 




> 




03 


6 

i 

> 

03 


OS 


1 


02 


> 

c: 

1 




P.c. 


1 
P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


p.c. 


P. c 


p.c. 


Lbs. 
6.1 
6.1 
6.5 
6.2 
4.9 

5.5 
6.2 
5.5 
5.9 
5.4 

6.0 
4.6 
5.1 
3.9 
3.9 

2.8 
3.1 
6.5 
6.4 
7.0 

6.8 
7.1 

.7.4 
7.5 
6.7 

7.5 
7.4 

7.6 
7.0 

4.7 

4.2 
3.8 
3.6 
4.0 
6.5 

5.9 
4.5 
7.8 
8.0 
5.4 

5.9 

6.7 

7-4 
7.4 

7.8 
8.0 
8.0 
6.5 


Lbs. 
6.1 
6.2 
6.1 
6.2 
51 

5 2 
6.5 
5.2 
6.1 
5.4 

5.5 
4.6 
4.6 
3.9 
3.7 

2.9 
3.1 
6.7 
6.5 
7.5 

6.8 
7.3 
7.2 
7.9 
6.3 

7.2 
7.3 
7.4 
0.9 
4.6 

4.2 
3.3 
3.8 
3.5 
6.3 

5.6 
4.2 
7.5 
8.3 
5.3 

5.7 
6.8 
7.2 
7.5 

7.7 
8.3 

8.2 


Lbs. 
6.0 
6.0 
6.6 
6.1 
5.1 

5.0 
6.3 
5.3 
5.9 
5.2 

5.4 
4.5 
4.7 
3.6 
3.4 

2.8 
3.1 
6.4 
6.5 
7.3 

6.8 
7.1 
6.8 
7.2 
6.4 

6.7 
6.9 
7.0 
7.0 
4.8 

4.0 
3.1 
3.5 
3.6 
6.0 

5.9 
3.8 
7.5 
7.8 
5.9 

5.7 
6.6 
7.3 
7.3 

7.6 
8.0 
.8_n 


Cts. 
21 
19 
20 
20 


Cts. 
20 
19 
19 


P.c. 


P.c. 




1 i 




















j 
















































New York ' 










20 
"'21' 


19 

17 
20 


















Pennsylvania . . 












Delaware i 














r 


Maryland ! 














23 
22 
24 
21 
17 

19 
19 
24 
22 
20 

23 
21 
18 
19 
20 

16 
16 
16 

"'21' 

19 
16 
16 
16 
15 

16 
16 
18 
18 
16 

16 
15 
15 
15 

17 
16 
17 
17 


21 
21 
21 
20 
15 

19 
19 
20 
20 

18 

19 
18 
16 
IS 
19 

15 
16 
14 
15 
20 

19 
18 
16 
14 
14 

17 
16 
18 
15 
14 

13 


"' 


Virginia. . 


93 
90 
95 
94 

95 
99 
95 
95 
90 

98 
95 
95 
93 
97 


74 

73 
80 
75 

79 

85 
84 
81 
76 

77 
88 
86 
94 
74 


85 
87 
88 
86 

89 

m 

86 
84 
83 

81 
87 
83 
89 
83 














West Virginia 














North Carolina. 












South. Carolina 






77 

80 
80 


84 

88 
88 






Georgia 










Florida 










Ohio 


80 
78 
92 

92 
92 
86 
94 


85 
88 
91 

87 
90 
87 
90 






Iniliana 
















77 


83 


Michigan 








Wisconsin 










Minnesota 






1 


low;^ 






1 


Missouri 






64 


78 


North Dakota 












South Dakota 


115 
100 
100 
95 

95 
98 
98 
92 
97 

95 
90 


80 
96 
90 
73 

73 
76 
77 
81 
92 

86 
71 

















Nebraska 


86 
84 
86 

87 
86 
85 
85 
83 

89 
87 


94 
89 


88 

87 






100 
90 


82 

78 


Kansas 






Kentucky 








Tennessee 










68 




Alabama 






77 
79 
81 
86 


88 
88 
89 
86 




Mississippi 










Louisiana 










Texas 






90 

82 


80 
80 


Oklahoma 






Arkansas 






66 


87 


Montana 


93 
97 
93 

90 


92 
88 
90 

89 




Wyoming 














Colorado 


103 

105 
80 
98 


95 

9& 
90 

98 


88 
88 
92 






90 
95 


85 


New Mexico 






Arizona 


;::::;::: 




Utah 


97 
90 

91 
92 
86 
95 


92 






15 
14 

16 
14 
15 
14 






Nevada 










Idaho 


105 
110 


96 
94 




94 
94 
92 
92 










Washington 










Oregon 










California 












5.8 5.6 






















United States. 


95.4 


79.6 


85.3 


92.6 


89. 8 


80.8 


88.6 


6.8 


6.8 


6.7 


18.4 


16.6 


8?. 7 


80 5 



36 farmers' bulletin 611. 

Table 16. — Prices -paid to producers of agricultural products June 15.^ 





Hogs. 


Beef 

cattle. 


Veal 
calves. 


Sheep. 


Eg 


gs. 


Milch cows. 


Horses. 


State. 


OS 




■^ 

S 


03 


5 


to 

>, 


en 


0) 


-^ 


8, 

i 

cS 
03 

1 


01 


t 
u 

% 


S 


2 
I 


Maine 


Dols. 

7.70 
8.40 

7. GO 
9.00 
9. CO 

11.50 

7.80 

8. CO 
8.00 
8.70 

7.70 
7.70 
8.10 
8.20 
7.70 

7.80 
6.90 
7.70 
7.00 
7.50 

7. CO 
7.50 
7.30 
7.50 
7.50 

6.90 
7.20 
7.40 
7.50 
7.30 

7.20 
7.00 
6.50 
6.50 
7.10 

7.10 
0. 40 
7.80 
8.00 
7.70 

7. CO 
7.90 
7.00 
8.30 

7.10 
7.20 
7.10 
8.00 


Dols. 

7.38 
7.62 
7.00 
8.75 
8.50 

8.80 
7.30 
8.C2 
7.80 
8.73 

7.45 
7.02 
7.45 
7.45 
7.28 

7.22 

6.42 
7.38 
7.38 
7.28 

7.28 
7. 25 
7.05 
7.28 
7.08 

6.80 
7.02 
7.12 
7.15 
6.98 

6.65 
6.65 
6.48 
5.80 
6.55 

6. 92 
5.92 
7.82 
7.50 
7.30 

7.35 
8.05 
7.88 
7.90 

7.12 

7.65 
7.65 
7.18 


Dols. 
7.50 
7.00 
6.10 
6.50 


Dels. 

7.28 
6.02 
4.95 
6.00 


Dols. 
8.10 
8.40 
7.50 
9.50 

10.00 

10.00 

8.80 
10.00 

8.70 
10.00 

9.60 
8.20 
8.20 
6.50 
5.30 

5.40 
6.00 
8.40 
7. CO 
8.00 

8.00 
7.90 
7.40 
8.30 
7.70 

7.50 
7.80 
8.10 
7.60 
7.20 

7.00 
5. 20 


Dols. 

7.78 
7.22 
6.35 
8.88 
8.37 

8.83 
7.65 
8.45 
7.62 
9.00 

8.00 
6.80 
6.73 
5.22 
4.98 

4.50 
6.25 
7.18 
6.70 

6.78 

6.80 
6.70 
6.02 
6.38 
6.32 

6.25 
6.05 

6.68 
6.60 
6.15 

5.42 
4.15 
4.32 
5.02 
5.30 

5.95 
5.35 

7.85 
7.10 
8.12 

7.00 
6.67 
8.30 
7.07 

7.40 
7.70 
7.38 
6.72 


Dols. 
5.00 
5.00 
3.70 


Dols. 
4.88 
5.70 
4.12 


Cts. 

24 
24 
20 

28 
27 

25 
22 
26 
22 
21 

19 

18 
19 
18 
20 

18 
21 
IS 
17 
16 

19 
17 
16 
16 
14 

15 
15 
15 
15 
15 

15 
16 
16 
18 
15 

14 
16 
22 
23 
21 

24 
31 
20 
30 

19 
22 
23 
24 


Cts. 
23 
24 
21 
28 
30 

27 
22 
25 
21 
20 

18 
17 
18 
16 
18 

17 
21 
18 
17 
16 

18 
17 
16 
15 
14 

15 
16 
14 
14 
15 

14 
15 
16 
16 
13 

14 
14 

25 
21 
21 

23 
29 
19 
30 

22 
23 
22 
23 


Dols. 

56. 30 
58. 00 
53. 30 
70.00 
76.00 

72.00 
66.00 
71.50 
64. 70 
56.60 

56.00 
49.80 
59.00 
41.00 
41.00 

39.50 
45.40 
6.3.00 

55. .50 
62.50 

60.30 
66.50 
62.10 
62.40 
57.00 

64.20 
66. 60 
66. 40 
62.00 
52.50 

49.30 
38.80 
40.50 
40.00 
65.50 

56. 20 
44.00 
81.00 
75. 00 
70.00 

63. 50 
97.00 
70.00 
75.00 

78.00 
77.00 
74.30 

74.70 


Dols. 

50. 80 
53.40 
48.10 

56. 88 
62.22 

53.75 
54.58 

57. 52 
50.15 
44.17 

39.30 
38.40 
41.65 
33. 68 
36.52 

33.08 
40.38 
49.12 
46. 32 
51.08 

46. 35 
51.88 
43.92 
49.95 
47.58 

47.10 
45.95 
49. 48 
49.60 
40.70 

37.70 
31.05 
30.50 
32.35 
43.45 

43.72 
32.20 
57.20 
57.95 
55.52 

56. 48 
61.65 
47.48 
62.50 

54.12 
62.08 
53.52 
55. 32 


Dols. 
220 
175 
180 
245 


Dols. 
202 


New Hampshire 


186 
167 




197 




4.70 








8.00 
6.00 
6.70 
7.20 
6.00 

7.50 
6.30 
6.70 
5.20 
4.60 

4.80 
5.30 
7.10 
6.80 
7.00 

6.60 
5.80 
6.10 
7.40 
6.80 

5.90 
6.60 
6.90 
6. 70 
6.30 

5.80 
4.60 

4.eo 

5.50 
5.60 

5.70 
4.80 
6.80 
7.40 
7.00 

7.50 
6.10 
6.00 
6.50 

6.00 
6. 60 
6. 70 
6.60 


7.37 
5.38 
6. 08 
6.52 
5.80 

5.72 
4.95 
5.20 
4.20 
4.18 

3.92 

4. GO 
5.85 
5.50 

5.78 

5.35 
4. 68 
4.78 
5.95 
5.55 

4.80 
5.32 
5.90 

5. 82 
5.08 

4.35 
3.28 


195 

175 
182 
176 
145 

140 
143 
150 
160 
174 

157 

145 
156 
145 
145 

169 
170 
156 
154 
115 

137 
129 
125 
117 
125 

140 
137 
119 
90 
91 

97 
102 
138 
100 
102 

72 
117 
130 
150 

130 

140 
82 
125 


206 


New York 


4.50 


4.18 


182 
194 


Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


5.00 
5.60 

4.50 
4.50 
4.60 
4.00 
5.20 

4.20 

'4." 40 
4.10 
4.40 

4.40 
4.50 
4.70 
4.70 
4.40 

4.70 
4.70 
5.60 
5.20 
3.80 

3.90 
4.10 
4.00 
5.5( 
5.00 

4.00 
3.90 
5.10 
5.70 
4.50 

4.50 
3.90 
5.00 
5.00 

4.40 
5.10 

4.70 
4.80 


4.88 
5.23 

4.85 
4.12 
4.15 
4.42 
5.18 

4.52 
4.75 
4.02 
4.05 
4.10 

4.50 
4.40 
4.48 
4.70 
4.15 

4.72 
4.45 
5.08 
5.02 
3.78 

3.68 
3.65 
3.98 
4.98 
4.38 

4.42 
3.55 
5.78 
5.33 
5.05 

4.90 
4.17 
5.00 
4.92 

4.78 
4.75 
4.68 
4.92 


178 
148 


Maryland 


145 




144 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 


144 
152 
179 


Georgia 

Florida.. 


162 
148 


Ohio 


166 


Indiana 

Illinois 


155 
155 


Michigan 


172 


Wisconsin 


172 


Miimesota 


165 
168 


Missouri 


132 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 


158 
148 
137 
134 
134 

147 
138 


Mississippi 


3.C0! 5.90 
4.12; 6.00 
4.42, 6.40 

4.78 6.90 
3.70, 5.9C 
6. 12! 9. 00 
5. 38 10. 50 


119 

92 


Texas 


96 


Oklahoma 


110 
114 


Montana 


140 
118 


Colorado 


5.95 

5.50 
5.38 
5.48 
5.93 

5.15 

5.68 
5. 68 
5.88 


9.30 

9.00 
7.90 
9.00 
7.00 

8.00 
7.70 
7.90 
7.80 


126 


New Mexico 


87 
112 


Utah 


122 


Nevada 


115 

141 


Washington 


150 

128 


California 


158 


United States 


7.43 


7.10 


6.32 


5.22 


7.69 


6.54 


4.70 


4.70 


17.6 


16.9 


59.82 


47.09 


136. 40 


146. 54 



1 Hogs, cattle, calves, and sheep, dollars per 100 pounds; horses and cows, dollars per head; eggs, cents 
per dozen. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 37 

Table 17. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



June 15 — 



1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 



July 15- 



May 15 



1914 1913 1912 



Hogs per 100 pounds. 

Beef cattle do 

Veal calves do 

Sheep do 

Lambs do 

Milch cows per head.. 

Horses do 

Honey, comb per pound. , 

Wool, unwashed do 

Maple sugar do 

Maple sirup per gallon. , 

Apples per bushel. . 

Peanuts per pound . . 

Beans per bushel.. 

Sweet potatoes do 

Cabbage per 100 pounds. . 

Onions per bushel.. 

Clover seed do 

Timothy seed do 

Alfalfa seed do 

Broom corn per ton. , 

Cotton seed do 

Hops per pound. , 

Paid by farm.ers: 

Clover seed . . .per bushel. , 

Timothy seed do 

Alfalfa seed do 

Bran per ton. 



$7.43 

6.32 

7.69 

4.70 

6.47 

59.82 

136. 00 

.138 

.184 

.122 

1.12 

1.36 

.051 

2.23 

.92 

2.61 

1.41 

7.96 

2.23 

6.83 

88.00 

23.62 



9.86 

2.98 

8.31 

27.75 



12.47 
2.44 
9.73 

24.67 



13.49 

7.37 

10. 25 

29.35 



151.00 



25.87 



12.12 
2.57 
9.41 

24.65 



12.82 
6.59 
10.07 
28.41 



9.77 

2.97 

8.38 

28.08 



12.90 
2.40 
9.75 

24.59 



$6.79 
5.36 
6.23 
4.74 
6.16 
45.63 
144.00 
.137 
.178 
.116 
1.09 
1.29 
.049 
2.52 
1.19 
2.98 
1.77 
12.53 
7.16 



83.00 
19.21 
.372 



30.18 



Table 18. — Range of prices of agricultural product^i at market centers. 



Products and markets. 


July 1, 1914. 


June, 1914. 


May, 1914. 


June, 1913. 


June, 1912. 


Wheat per bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . 

No. 2 rod wmter, Chicago 

No. 2 red wmter, New York ' 
Corn per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2, mixed, New York ' . . . 


$0. 76i-.?0. 77i 
.793- .H) 
. 99 - 1. 00 

.681- .68 J 
.68i- .70 


$0. 75J-,S0. 97 

.965- LIO 

.68i- .73J 
.OSi- .73i 


SO. 93 -SO. 9Si 
. 94 - 1. OOJ 
L04 - Llli 

.69^- .73 
. 67 - . 72* 


$0. 93 -SI. 07 
.93-1. 08 
1. 08 - 1. 12i 

.57 - .64 
.58i- .63 


SI. 06 -$L19 
1. 06 - 1. 13| 
1.21i- 1.28i 

.72J- .79 
.72-1- .76 
781- in 


Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 


.37- .37 
. 36 - . 36A 

. 58 - . oSX 

14. 50 -15. 50 

.36 - .38 

. 24 - .25 
. 32 - .33 

8. 20 - 8. 40 

.27i- .27^ 
.26i- .26 J 

. 24 - .28 
. 18 - .18 

.141- -l^i 


.3C|- .403 

.373- .42 
. 58 - .67 

14. 50 -16. 00 

. 30 - .40 

.22 - .25 
.30- .33 

7. 80 - 8. 40 

.26i- .28 
.26i- .27i 

.221- .28 
. 14 - .18 

.13i- .15 


.3SA- .41 
.37^- .42i 
.02- .07 

15. 00 -17. 50 

.38 - .41 

. 22 - . 23 
.30- .31 

7. SO - 8. 67i 

.25^ .27 
.23i- .26 

. 22 - .24 
.171- -ISf 

. 13 - . 13| 


.37-i- -43 
.3SJ- .43J 
. 60 - . 63J 

13.50 -15.00 

. 17 - .19 

.20- .21 
. 29 - .29 

8. 40 - 8. SO 

. 26i- . 28a 
.26|- .28 

.23 - .28 
.141- -17 

. 14 - . 14i 


.49-i- .54i 
.Mh- .53f 
. 75 - .90 




Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago. . 
Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- 


Hop's per pound: Choice, New 
York 


37 45 


Wool per pound: 

Ohio line unwashed, Boston. 

Best tub washed, St. Louis. . 
Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 


.21 - .23 
.33 - .35 

7 25 7 70 


Butler per pound: 

Creamery, extra. New York . . 

Creamery, extra, Elgin 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh. New York 

Average best fresh , S t . Louis . 

Cheese per pound: Colored,2New 

York 


.26- .271 
. 25 - . 25i 

.21- .27 
. 16 - .17 

131 14 







1 F. o. b. afloat. 

2 September colored— September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August, 



38 



FARMEES BULLETIN 611. 



Table 19. — The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent co)idition on Aug. 1 in 

each State. 



State. 


S 

o 

o 


1 

! 
p. 


O 




1 

pq 


i 

3. 

o 


i 

o 
p< . 


6 

i 

o 


i 


s 


C5' 











Bu. Bu. 
48.0 27.0 

48.0 

46. 28. 

50.0 

42.0 ' 

51.0 

44.0 

43.0 1 

40.5 


Bu. 
40.5 
39.0 
41.5 
38.0 
34.0 

37.0 
37.0 
36.0 
36.0 
35.5 

33.5 
24.5 
28.0 
21.7 
25.8 

23.7 
20.0 
41.0 
38.5 
41.5 

38.0 
40.5 
40.5 
38.0 
35.0 

30.5 
35.0 
35.0 
30.2 
29.0 

26.0 
23.0 
23.5 
26.0 
41.5 

37.0 
29.5 
50.0 
41.0 
44.0 

40.0 
45.0 
48.0 
45.0 

47.5 
53.0 
40.0 
41.0 


Bu. 
31.0 
28.7 
34.0 



Bu. 
33.5 
31.0 
27.0 
23.0 


Bu. 
235 
150 
150 
140 
155 

130 
120 
128 
106 
118 

110 
10{i 
110 
95 
103 

93 
110 
108 
114 
107 

122 
130 
129 
120 
100 

118 
100 
100 
91 
98 

90 
9t) 
105 

87 
83 

88 
95 
170 
155 
135 

105 
115 
190 
172 

190 
170 

145 
148 


Bu. 




/.6s. 

1,966' 
1,900 
1,900 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Tom. 
1.25 
1.26 
1.47 
1.40 
1.27 

1.35 
1.45 
1.60 
1.55 
1.55 

1.60 
1.45 
1.50 
1.55 
L40 

1.55 
1.50 
1.58 
1.55 
1.50 

1.50 
1.68 
1.80 
1.55 
1.40 

1.50 
1.60 
1.05 
1.00 
1.50 

1.60 
1.00 
1.65 
1.75 
1.50 

1.35 
1.50 
1.95 
2.40 
2.50 

2.(;o 

3. .50 
2.95 
3.10 

3.10 
2.40 

2. 30 
1. 95 


Lbi. 
































"so.'o' 

'29.' 6" 

32.6 
30.0 


21.0 
25. 5 
26.0 
23.5 
21.5 

20.5 
21.5 
25.0 
21.5 




"isi' 

132 
143 

142 
117 
126 
112 
111 

101 
123 
125 
127 
123 


1,880 
1,450 








New York 
















i,6i6 








37.0 

41.0 
29.5 
3.5.0 
22.0 
22.0 

17.5 
10.0 
45.0 
45.0 
43.0 

41.5 
42.5 
40.0 
42.5 
37.0 

32.0 
33.0 
32.0 
2S.0 
34.0 

29.5 
19.8 


20.7 
17.8 
18.8 

15.0 
15.2 
17.2 
16.5 










Man'land 


880 
900 
900 
800 
910 

900 

930 

1,030 

1,080 

950 














275 


West Virginia 




North Carolina 




31.5 
28.5 

32.5 
30.0 


305 

285 








240 


Florida 






150 


Ohio 


32.5 
31.2 
32.5 

29.5 
33.0 
30.5 
31.0 
28.3 

27.5 
28.0 
28.0 
27.0 
29.6 

29.0 


22.0 
20.5 
22.0 

19.0 
18.5 
20.0 
19.0 
18.0 

'2i.'5" 
17.0 

18.5 




























Wisconsin 




1,470 


15.2 
11.2 
12.0 

8.7 

10.5 
10.0 
9.S 
8.9 










Iowa 


120 
115 


i,'i56" 






350 
















105 
115 
104 

lei 

109 
109 
101 
98 

110 
.110 


i,'656' 

940 
700 




Kansas 

Kentucky 










245 






33.5 
36. 
37.0 
39.0 

'43." 6' 


220 




22.3 

25.0 


1 


257 




1 


590 
810 

"mi 


12.0 

"ii.'i' 


230 


Texas 


27.0 

28.0 
25.5 
33.0 
27.5 
24.5 

30.0 
35. 5 
34.3 
35.0 

34.0 
31.0 
32.0 
41.0 


28.0 
30.0 
29.0 

25.0 
27.5 
30.0 
31.0 

29.0 
23.5 
22.0 


33.0 
32.0 




211 


Oklahoma 


22'; 




2J9 


Montana . 


37.0 
35.0 
40.0 

36.0 
41.0 
43.0 
41.0 

43.8 
42.5 

37.5 
33.0 


...... 




Wyoming 








Colorado .... 






8.5 






New Mexico 


175 
148 








. 






Utah 


1 
















Idaho 




1 










1 






Oregon.. 










173 




54.0 










United States 


33.5 


17.4 


37.9 


31.3 


23.8 


123.5 


111.6 


1,006 


10.6 


38.5 


1.65 


234.1 



THE AGRICULTURAL OLTTLOOK. 



39 




O 



WASHI.XGTON : GOVERXMENT I'KI.NTINti OFFICE : 1914 



.^ 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE • 





Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. 
August 22, 1914. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 
General review of crop conditions, Avigust 1, 

1914 1 

Special comments, by States 3 

Outlook for 191i foieign wheat crop 11 

Cotton condition, July 1, 1914, with comparisons. 13 

Apple-crop forecast 14 

Percentage of apple shipments in carload lots. . 14 

Sugar-beet forecast lo 

Durum-wheat exports 15 



Page. 

Clover seed in Oregon 10 

Trend of prices of farm products 16 

Supply of cattle hides 17 

Acreage, condition, forecast, and prices of speci- 
fied crops (tables) 23 

Prices of farm products (tables) 34 

The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent 

condition on September 1 30 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF SEPTEMBER CROP REPORTS. 

The report showing the condition of the cotton crop on August 25 will lie issued on Monday, August 31, 
at 12 noon (eastern time). 

On Tuesday, September S, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), a crop report will be Lssued which wUl give a sum- 
mary of the condition on September 1 (or at time of harvest) of corn, spring wheat, oats, barley, buckwheat, 
potatoes, tobacco, flaxseed, rice, and apples, and the yield and quality of hay. 

On Wednesday, September 9, a supplemental report will be issued which will show the following: The 
condition on September 1 (or at time of harvest) of sweet potatoes, tomatoes, cabbages, onions, beans, 
grapes, pears, millet, kafir corn, cranberries, oranges, lemons, hemp, broom com, sugar cane, sorghum, 
sugar beets, hops, and peanuts; production, as compared with a full crop of peaches, watermelons, canta- 
loupes, alfalfa, and bluegrass; acreage, as compared with last year, and condition of clover for seed; quality 
of peaches; and number of stock hogs, as compared with last year, and their condition. 



GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS, AUGUST 1, 1914. 

The month of July was very unfavorable for crop gro\vtli in the 
United States, the composite condition of all crops on August 1 being 
2.0 per cent below their 10-year average, w^hereas on July 1 prospects 
were 1.4 per cent above the 10-year average; how^ever, prospects are 
still 5.0 per cent better than the outturn of last year's crops, -which 
w-ere unusually poor. Improvement occurred during July in nearly 
all of the Atlantic Coast States, the northern States of Michigan and 
Wisconsin, and the Mountain States (except Montana and Wyoming). 
In nearly all other parts of the United ^States crops deteriorated during 
July. Poorest crop conditions prevail in Kentucky and sections of 
57071°— Bull. 615—14 1 



farmers' bulletin 615. 



States adjacent to it. The plienomeiial wheat crop of Kansas raises 
the aggregate condition in that State above all others. Winter 
wheat is the banner crop this year, with tobacco the lowest in con- 
dition on August 1. 

Table 1. — Estimated yields indicated by the condition of crops on Aug. 1, 1914, and 
final yields in preceding years, for comparison. 





Yield per acre. 


Total production in millions of 
bushels. 


Price, Aug 


. 1. 


Crop. 


19141 


1909- 
1913 
aver- 
age. 


1914 1 


Final. 


1914 


1913 






August 
fore- 
cast. 


July 
fore- 
cast. 


1913 


1909- 
1913 
aver- 
age. 


1913 
aver- 
age. 


Winter wheat 


Bu. 

2 19.1 

1.3.1 
17.1 
2.5.1 
30.0 
28. 9 
M6.8 
21.5 
99.7 
81.1 
687.6 

8.7 
33.9 

1.44 


Bu. 

15.6 
1.3.3 
M.7 
25.9 
30.6 
24.3 
1S.1 
20.5 
97.1 
92.7 
815.1 

7.8 
33. 3 

1.34 


Bn. 

2 675 

236 

911 

2, 634 

1,1.53 

203 

3 43 

17 

370 

50 

791 

17 

24 

69 


Bu. 

653 
274 
927 
2,917 
1,197 
211 

'"'mi' 

49 

757 
18 
24 


Bu. 

523 

240 

763 

2,447 

1,122 

178 

41 

14 

332 

59 

954 

18 

26 

64 


Bu. 

441 

245 

686 

2,708 

1,131 

182 

35 

17 

357 

58 

996 

20 

24 

66 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Spring wheat 








All wheat. 


76.5 
76.8 
36.7 
45.1 
61.0 
81.2 
87.1 
97.5 


77.1 
6.5.4 
37.6 

50.8 
60.7 
72.4 
69.2 


91 1 


Com 


70 6 


Oats 


42 8 


Barley 


60 6 


Rve 


73 4 




77 9 




88 3 


Sweet potatoes 




Tobacco pounds. . 






Flax 


150.7 


118.6 


167 9 


Kice 




Hay (tame) tons. . 


$11.. 52 


$11.16 


$11.97 



1 Interpreted from condition reports. 

2 Preliminary estimate. 

Details for crops in all States may be found in Tables 12 to 22. 

Table 2. — Growing condition of the various crops on Aug. 1, expressed in percentages 
of their 10-year average (not the normal) on Aug. 1, and the improvement (-f-) o^' decline 
( — ) during July. 



Crop. 


Condi- 
tion in 
percent- 
age of 
10-year 
aver- 
age, 
Aug. 1. 


Change 
during 
July. 


Crop. 


Condi- 
tion in 
percent- 
age of 
10-year 
aver- 
age, 
Aug. 1. 


Change 
during 
July. 


Crop, 


Condi- 
tion in 
percent- 
age of 
10-year 
aver- 
age, 
Aug. 1. 


Change 
during 
July. 


Wheat . 


118.7 
113.3 
105. 4 
104.7 
104.7 

103.9 
103. 8 
103. 4 
103.4 

103.3 
102.9 
102.2 
101.8 


- 2.0 
-1-5.2 
-t- .5 
-1- 1.2 
-1- 4.3 

- 5.8 

- 4.1 
+ .3 

- 2.2 

-1-4.6 
-F 3.6 

- 2.4 

- 1.0 


Cantaloupes 

Millet 


101.2 

100.8 
100.0 
100.0 
99.7 

99.7 
99.4 
99.1 
98.1 

97.1 
95. 5 
95.2 
95.1 


+ -2 
+ .1 

- 3.2 

- 2.7 

-10.3 j 

- 4.9 ' 

+ .8 ^ 

- 2.9 

4-3.6 

- 3.1 1 
-f 1.9 

+ .8 


Tomatoes 


93.5 
93.4 
91.6 
91.4 
91.4 

91.3 
91.3 
91.2 
90.9 

87.3 
85.3 
82.2 
SI. 6 


4-4 2 




— 2.0 




Timothy 

Blackberries. . .. 
Sorghum 

Pastures 

Corn 


-h 3.2 




Broom corn 

Buckwheat 

Pears 

Flax 


— .4 


Raspberries 

Barley 

Kafir corn 


- 1.9 

- 2.5 
-10.0 


Sugar beets 




CloA-er 


-f- 6.1 


Alfalfa 


Oats 


Luna beans 

Sweet potatoes.. 
Sugar cane 




Hay (all) 


Peanuts 


- 1.0 


Peaches 


Cotton 


- 5.9 


Oranges 


Cabbages 

Potatoes 


- 5.4 


Beans (drying).. 




-t- 3.6 









THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



Table 3. — Combined condition of all crops on Aug. 1, 1914, by States {100= average), 

and change during July. 



State. 


Condi- 
tion of 

all 
crops, 
Aug. 1 
(100= 
aver- 
age). 


Change 
during 
July. 


Maine 


109.1 
113. a 

9S.4 
10(5. 3 

95.8 


+ 6.8 
+ S.2 
+ 8.3 
+ 11.3 
+ 2.5 


New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachii.sett.<!... 
Rhode Island.. . 


Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . . 


103.5 

las. 4 

101.1 
104.9 


+ 7.2 
+ 4.0 
+ 10.5 
+ 6.6 


Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 


105.2 
111.8 
92.7 
85.1 


+ 9.0 
+ 12.0 
+ 6.9 
- 1.9 


West Virginia. . . 


North Carolina. . 
South Carolina.. 
eorgia 


99.6 
96.7 
98,2 
98. 3 


+ 3.7 
- 2.8 
+ .2 

+ 4.8 1 







State. 



Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota, 

South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 



Condi- 
tion of 

all 
crops, 
Aug. 1 
(100= 
aver- 



se. 1 
86.9 
a3.9 
109. 3 
107.3 

94.4 
104.7 

89.0 
107.4 

94.0 
105.6 
122.9 

79.3 

84.1 
94.3 
95.7 
92.3 



Change 
diu-ing 
July. 



-3.3 
-10.7 
-12.5 
+ 2.6 
+ .2 

- 9.9 

- 5.5 
-4.5 

- 2.8 

-18.8 
-10.2 
+ 5.7 

- 8.9 

- 6.8 
-6.6 
-2.5 

- 7.5 



State. 



Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States 



Condi- 
tion of 

all 
crops, 
Aug. 1 
(100= 
aver- 
age). 



89.3 
93.3 
83.5 
96.1 
98.9 

112.2 
113.0 
101.0 
105.2 

104. S 
100.1 
103.2 
100.6 

108. 4 



Change 
during 
July. 



- 7.2 

- 8.7 

- 8.0 

- 6.2 

- 5.6 

+ 2.4 
+ 3.3 
+ 2.6 
+ .6 

+ 1.7 
+ .4 
+ .3 

- 3.4 

- 1.6 



The progress of crops during July and their condition on August 1 
in the different States are indicated by the following comments from 
agents of the Bureau of Crop Estimates: 

New England States.~~RMns, during July materially improved crop 
conditions, which are generally above their average," except that the 
hay crop in Vermont and Rhode Island will be light, the result of 
an unfavorable spring. 

New York. — Nearly all crops are doing well. Timely rains during 
July helped the hay crop to some extent, but later interfered in many 
sections in harvesting. The drought last year cut short clover and 
new seeding, but old timothy meadows show well. Mixed grasses 
are short and thin. Alfalfa is doing well in many sections. Army 
worms and grasshoppers have been bad in some sections, doing some 
damage to oats, rye, buckwheat, corn, and hay. Apples will be a 
large crop. In many places the trees were so heavily loaded that 
thinning was resorted to, so that the trees will give larger and better 
fruit. Peaches will be a small crop. 

Pennsylvania and New Jersey. — July was ver}^ favorable to the 
growth of all crops. The rainfall was above the average in all parts 
of the area, with the exception of the extreme southwestern part of 
Pennsylvania. The army worm has been widespread, but so far 
seems to have done very little damage. The corn outlook is fine. 
Oats have improved and the outlook now is for nearly an average 
crop. Tobacco has made a wonderful growth and, with favorable 
conditions from now on, the crop will be the best in several years. 
Apples and peaches are looking good; the berry ci'op was shortened 



4 FARMEES' BULLETIN 615. 

somewhat by the dry v/cather in June. Vegetables have all improved 
during the month and on the whole all crops are above the average. 

Maryland and Delaware. — The weather has been ideal for tlirashing 
grain; the yields are generally up to high expectations and quality 
fine. Drought was broken on July 28, and since then all crops have 
materially improved and give indications of very good yields. 

Virginia. — In the first half of July weather conditions were more 
or less favorable in most of the State, frequent showers aided vegeta- 
tion, and on the whole there was improvement, especially in corn, 
truck crops, grasses, and tobacco. The latter part of the month was 
unfavorable, the weather being dr^^, except in widely scattered 
localities, and exceedingly hot, except in the last few days. Tobacco 
shows considerable improvement, though stands are not full and 
fields are irregular. Most growing crops will fall short of an average 
yield. Corn, a large proportion of which is late, will give a moderate 
yield if weather conditions henceforth are favorable. Apples and 
peaches will yield more heavily than usual. Irish potatoes arc in 
poor condition, but sweet potatoes are reasonably promising. The 
army worm damaged corn and grasses in a few localities. 

West Yirginia. — A prolonged drought was broken in the latter part 
of July, benefiting growing crops, although conditions were lower on 
August 1 than on July 1 . Wheat was thrashed under exceptionally 
high conditions. A large apple crop is expected. 

North Carolina. — The month as a whole witnessed some improve- 
ment, although crops deteriorated toward the close of the month. 
Cotton, in most sections, advanced, and a fair yield is indicated from 
the early crop, but the late is not promising. Tobacco improved 
considerably, though the stand is short and irregular. Corn is in fairly 
good condition, in spite of deterioration during the last part of the 
month, and the early planted -will give a reasonable yield. Peaches 
and apples promise larger yields than usual. Irish potatoes are not 
in good condition, but sweet potatoes are more promising. Corn and 
grasses were injured in a few sections by the army worm. 

Soutli Carolina. — The latter part of the month was extremely 
dry, and was very hot over the entire State (except in the last days), 
which caused deterioration. Cotton, as a whole, is in moderately good 
condition; in some sections it is somewhat better than usual at this 
time of year, but in others, drought-stricken regions, it is not good; 
the late crop does not promise well. Corn has suffered, and largely 
lost the improvement made earlier, because of heat and drought; 
favorable weather from now on will result in only a fair yield. The 
spotted, irregular, tobacco crop is in improved condition as compared 
with July 1, and promises a better yield than then expected. Truck 
crops are in moderately fair condition, but not up to the average. 
Melons were exceptionally good and plentiful. The Irish potato 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. -5 

crop is poor, but sweet potatoes are promising. Some damage was 
caused to grasses and corn in a fev7 localities by the army worm. 

Georgia. — Although crop conditions improved slightly during July, 
the general average on August 1 was moderately belov/ the 10-year 
average. Cotton is better than average, but corn and most other 
field crops are materially below. The peach crop is good. 

FJorida. — The severe drought of the spring damaged the crop 
and trees of oranges and grapefruit to a considerable extent. They 
are recovering rapidly from these conditions throughout the greater 
portion of the vState, due to the rather equitable rainfall since about 
the 1st of June. The crop will be equal to about the average of the 
last three years, but below the March expectations. The average crop 
condition per acre is below the normal, but the total production will 
be increased by new plantings coming into bearing. The corn crop 
will probably not be larger than the average of the last three years, and 
quite below the April expectation. More preparation has been made 
for the hay crop than ever before; the indications are that the Sep- 
tember and October yields will be above average. Cowpeas, beggar 
weed, and velvet beans, as a whole for the State, promise large crops, 
but somewhat late. 

Ohio. — During July, crop conditions in general declined, due 
principally to the drought and excessive heat which have prevailed 
throughout this section. Weather conditions were for the ideal har- 
vesting of wheat, and yield and quantity are up to expectations. Corn 
is badly in need of rain, and considerable damage by the army worm is 
being reported from the nortlieastern section of the State. Oats in 
this section are also being damaged slightly by the army worm. 
Pastures are drying up, and yield of hay is small, though the quality 
is excellent. Small vegetables are showing the lack of moisture. 

Indiana. — Excessive heat and little or no rainfall, prevalent during 
earlier months, continued through July, causing marked dechne in 
condition of growing crops. The wheat harvest progressed rapidly, 
a good 5"ield of excellent c{uahty resulting. Apples were generally 
hurt by late frosts, and the scale has done much injury. 

Illinois. — A deficiency of rainfall and an excess of heat have pre- 
vailed over the whole State since April 1, but were most severe in the 
southern half. This has resulted in a marked deterioration of all 
the crops except wheat and rye, which were practically made on 
July 1. The southern and southwestern sections of the State were 
injured some by drought prior to July, and the Hessian fly did much 
damage to wheat. Its yield, while good, is not quite up to earher 
expectations. In the southwestern part of the State chinch bugs and 
army worms have added to the injury done by drought to the corn. 
The condition of oats has changed little during the month, but rust is 
prevalent. A moderate crop of only fair cjuahty will be harvested. 



6 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 615. 

Meadows and pastures generally have been ])iirned up, and the yield 
of hay will be small. 

Michigan. — Harvesting conditions were unusually favorable. 
Yields of wheat and rye are generally in excess of those anticipated, 
except in a few southern counties, where the wheat was badly dam- 
aged by the Hessian fly. Corn in parts of the southern districts is 
curhng and in occasional localities drying up. The dry weather 
caused some dropping of peaches and apples, but ihe fruit prospects 
in general continue favorable. The army worm made its appearance 
at points in the southeastern quarter of the State; its ravages were 
mostly confined to oats, although in a few instances corn and sugar 
beets were attacked. Crop prospects in general improved moder- 
ately in July. 

W^'scorisin. ^General rains have maintained very favorable crop 
prospects. Excessively hot Aveather following early July has caused 
red rust on the oats in every part of the State. Tame hay on uplands 
is making the best yields that have ever been seen by old residents. 

Minnesota. — Excessive moisture and red rust in June, together with 
very hot weather the latter part of July, caused the development of 
black rust on wheat in every part of the State; this, with scald and 
bhght, has greatly reduced the prospective yield. The same condi- 
tions also blighted the oats, and, with red rust very heavy, this crop 
will be Uglit and yield reduced. Barley was httle affected by the 
rust, although some by scald, but on the whole gives promise of an 
average crop. Winter wheat and rye show fair yields, with a plump 
berry and the quality above the average. Tame hay has been a 
bumper crop, with the quahty up to standard. Wild hay also was 
heavy, but the lowland acreage was reduced on account of being too 
wet. The weather, which was adverse to the small grains, was bene- 
ficial to corn, which has made an excellent growth during the month. 
The major portion is out of danger, unless there is an early frost. 
There is some stem rot in a small area of the potato district, but on 
the whole the crop prospects are good. 

Iowa. — No general rain storm passed over the vState of Iowa in July 
duiing the critical time of the corn crop (the tasseling period). Thus 
corn suffered in some sections at the blossoming period, the critical 
time, when corn must have a "root-soaker" to mature a full crop. 
Hessian fly in wheat and dry weather at filling periotl, account for 
some disappoiiitmg yields of wheat in Iowa. Rust also accounts for 
low yield of spring wheat. Heavy rains, when oats were in the 
"boot," followed by hot dry weather, caused oats to head too rapidly 
and as a result early oats made too much straw and the premature 
filling of the heads developed light oats. Rust also cut the yield of 
oats. Excessive heat and destructive rain and wind storms account 
for the low condition of carden truck. 



i 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OTJTLOOK. 7 

North. Dakota. — Weather conditions have been favorable for rust 
development and black rust is more or less general in central and 
southeastern sections, lowering vitality of grain materially, and 
causing it to be easily blovm down. However, a large percentage of 
the crop was sufficiently advanced to escape serious injury. Late 
crops, especially late blue-stem wheat, will be seriously affected, and 
the stand of late oats and barley is poor. The damage existing is due 
largely to excessive heat and hot winds, which have ripened grain 
prematurely, bringing on an early harvest following a late seeding. 
These conditions have caused considerable blight generally, especially 
in rust localities, with shrunken or infeiior quahty of grain. Yields 
will be disappointing. Late rains will be beneficial to corn, flax, 
pastures, and gardens. There is some wilt damage in flax. The 
month closed with the crop outlook for the State as a whole reduced 
from the exceedingly productive prospect of last month. 

South Daltota. — Weather conditions have been highly favorable for 
development of rust, and black rust is general over the State. Early 
fields, especially of barley and oats, were too far advanced to bo 
seriously damaged, but late fields, especially of blue-stem and velvet- 
chaff wheat, show severe rust damage, being either directly injured 
or lowered in vitahty, causing grain to be easily lodged by winds. 
Rusted plants were readily affected by extreme heat and several days 
of hot winds caused bhght conditions to be general, rapidly reducing 
the heavy prospective yields of last month from 20 to 50 per cent. 
Drought damage is most evident in the extreme southern part of 
State, also southwestern sections; but conditions improve toward 
the northern part of State. Rauifall has been decidedly below 
normal and of a showery, imeven nature. A result of heat and rust 
was premature ripening, with grain showing a tendency to be rather 
light in weight and of a shrunken quality, as well as materially reduced 
yields. 

Nebraska. — Drought prevailed in northeast, northwest, and south- 
east Nebraska during the month of July, materially cutting the corn 
crop in those sections. Lack of rain during the tasseling periotl cut 
the crop in above-mentioned sections. The winter wheat yield was 
not quite up to expectations, due to h avy rains during the flowering 
period (whipping the pollen from the wheat head) and as a result, 
while the heads are large, many have little wheat on them. Rust 
did a little damage. Oats are a good crop, with the exception of here 
and there some fields lodged on heavy soils and some rust in late- 
variety oats; otherwise the crop is one of the best in years. Tlie 
alfalfa third crop is light, due to lack of moisture just after the second 
cutting. A low yield of apples is due to the heavy crop of 1913, 
accompanied by severe drought while trees were in heavy bearing. 
Potatoes have a low condition on account of too much growth in 
vines, so that the vitality did not extend to the tubers. 



8 FAEMEES' BULLETIN C15. 

Kansas. — Tlio most striking feature of the 1914 crop season is the 
phenomenal yiekl of wheat in Kansas, behig more than twice the 
average production. The oat crop is made and is a large crop, 
although not fully up to the early expectations of some persons. 
The condition of corn on August 1 was slightly above the 10-year 
average, but it was deterioratmg rapidly, owing to hot dry weather; 
much of the crop was firing and, unless a good ram falls m early 
August, another poor crop will probably be the result. Grass crops 
are above average, but potatoes are below. 

Kentucky. — This State, of all the States of the Union, shows the 
lowest condition of crops on August 1, the low condition on July 1 
havmg been lowered much further b}" high temperature and the 
continuation of drought. The wheat crop yielded well, not having 
been adversely affected by the drought; tree fruits also are slightly 
above theh average; but practically all other crops are threatened 
with failure or very low yields. 

Tennessee. — Conditions are almost the same as in Kentucky, but 
probably somewhat less acute. Although the cotton has suffered for 
lack of moisture and has been greatly damaged, it shows a healthy 
condition, is well fruited and highly cultivated. Army worms have 
appeared m some localities m east Tennessee and prompt measures 
have been adopted for their destruction. 

Alahama. — Taking Alabama as a whole, all crops showed deteriora- 
tion durmg July, cotton least, old corn most, but all crops fell below 
the standard on July 1. Some complaint of wilt, or blaclvroot, is 
heard in southeast Alabama. Good soaking rauis would save the 
late corn, prevent premature openmg of cotton in the dry belts, and, 
if not too frequent, would produce record cotton crops m many 
counties of the State. Damage from boll weevils has not reached 
expectations, due to dry weather. AVheat and oats came off ahead 
of the drought, and the yield was excellent. 

Mississipjn. — The cotton crop of Mississippi made fair progress in 
July. Cotton showers in many sections, and the checking of boll 
weevil ravages in others, will offset the loss from the prolonged 
drought in certain other sections. All cotton, whether large or small, 
is better fruited, size considered, than ever known. Corn depreciated 
all over the State. Much of the old corn is an entire failure. Sugar 
cane, sweet potatoes, peas, and all truck crops, likewise, suffered from 
the drought and excessive heat. These mfluences, however, pretty 
nearly destroyed the boll weevils, and with suflicient, but not excess- 
ive and too frec{uent, rams during August, all crops except old corn 
will respond, and promise a good yield. 

Louisiana. — Protracted drought and high temperatures throughout 
northern Louisiana have caused serious damage to all crops. The 
boil weevil and army worm are very active m many sections. In the 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 9 

far southerly parishes very heavy rains occurred from time to time 
throughout the month, followed by exceedingly hot spells, and much 
damage was done to groAving crops by the rain and the wmd which 
accompanied it. Cane has been somewhat behind, but is now 
displaying an encouraging tendency to catch up, and will do so if the 
rains will cease for a while. Cotton has received a serious setback 
due to the dry weather and the ravages of the boll weevil and the 
army worm. Early corn has been seriously burned by the dry, 
scorching weather in the northern parishes, but the late corn is fairly 
promising. Rice is heading nicely in the river districts, and harvest- 
ing is expected to commence about August 15. The indications are 
good for a full yield throughout the State. Truck generall}^ is not in 
good condition. 

Texas. — July was lacking in moisture under prolonged conditions of 
high temperatures, causing injury to nearly all crops. The first of 
July found everything late or suffering from effects of the continuous 
excessive rains of the month of May. June had proven abnormally 
dry and hot, and the deficiency of surface moisture was reflected, 
first, in the corn crop, which was about one month late. Winter 
wheat and oats at the harvest were short m expected ^delds and light 
in tests, resultant upon washings of the pollens during the rainy 
period. As the month advanced, Hght, scattering showers prevailed 
over a great portion of the State for a few da3^s during the second 
week, but were not beneficial. Corn began to suffer in the north, 
east, and central parts of the State for want of rain at the flowering 
period. Temperatures were high, and tlie crop was greatly injured. 
At the close of the month, the rainfall showed an average of less than 
an inch for July. 

OMahoma. — The extreme heat and dry weather during the month 
of July have reduced the general crop conditions for the State. Rain- 
fall was extremely local and over widely-scattered areas during the 
early part of the month, while the latter part of the month was dry 
and intensely hot. Tlie third cutting of alfalfa is materially reduced. 
Pastures are drying, water scarce, and prairie hay not as good as in 
former years on account of weeds. 

ArTcansas. — All crops all over the State were needmg rain on July 1, 
and rain fell practically generally from the 1st to the 8th. In the 
northern part, where on account of altitude and soil conditions, and in 
southern and southwestern parts, where on account of the advanced 
stage oi crops conditions were most threatening, the rain did not 
benefit corn as it usually would have done. Forage crops and pas- 
tures and meadows suffered considerably during the month, and 
much was practically ruined before rains fell. The last part of the 
month was dr}^. No complaint of insect pests was made except in 
scattered locahties, where boll weevil has affected cotton. Lowland 
57071°— Bull. 615—14 2 



10 farmers' bulletin 615, 

crops are generally good, and cotton fruiting well. The month would 
have been favorable had not the long drought preceded it. The out- 
look August 1 was much improved. 

Montana. — Conditions in different parts of the State are variable, 
but as a whole prospects are for somewhat less than an average crop 
of small grain, but a good average for most vegetables. Hay pros- 
pects are good. 

Wyoming. — Conditions dechned some in July, but are nearly 
average. In the irrigated districts conditions are good; in the non- 
irrigated districts grain yields were reduced by dry, hot weather. 
Alfalfa and other hay yielded well and have been harvested in good 
condition. The apple prospects are excellent. 

Colorado. — Crop prospects are very good, well above the average. 
The supply of water for irrigation purposes continues to be ample 
for all sections, the snow melting in the mountains affording the main 
supply in addition to the supply from frequent heavy rains in the foot- 
hills. Most of the reservoirs are filled. 

New Mexico. — General crop conditions August 1 were much better 
than at any time during the season, having greatly improved over 
the very satisfactory conditions of July 1. Unusually favorable mois- 
ture conditions have prevailed during the entire season. The stock 
ranges are in excellent condition and an abundance of winter feed 
on the' range is assured. The acreage of native grasses cut for hay 
will be unusually large. Not for many years have the crops in this 
State been in such fine order. 

Arizona. — The acreage of cotton has been increased from 4,000 
acres last year to 18,000 acres this year. Fruit prospects are about 
the same as last month, though above their 10-year average condi- 
tion on August 1. The bulk of the melon shipments were made 
during July and the yield was extra good. Stock ranges are in good 
condition and the outlook for range pasture is very satisfactory. 

TJtali. — The trend of crop conditions in Utah during the month of 
July has been practically normal. Forage crops, with the exception 
of alfalfa, are in prime condition. Mountain pastures are particularly 
rich for the season. Although the stand is thm in spots, owing to 
lack of rain 30 days after the seeding period, sugar beets have made 
a remarkably strong and healthy growth. 

Nevada. — All crops have made normal progress during July. 
Heavy winter snowfall and abundance of spring rain produced moun- 
tain pasture conditions above the average, and the grass has been 
cured perfectly during a dry July. Abundance of forage for the 
winter is assured. 

Idaho. — The yield of winter wheat will be nearly average and the 
spring grains are looking very well. Corn and potatoes were injured 
by the June frosts, but they have apparently recovered and give good 



THE AGBICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 11 

promise. Most of the corn and potatoes are grown under irrigation, 
and the supply of water for that purpose is fairly good. All other 
crops are doing well. 

Washington. — About normal conditions prevailed during July and 
crops as a whole are somewhat above average. Open mnter without 
damaging frosts and opportune rains favored all grain and hay. 
Fruits and vegetables were affected by late frosts in April and May. 
Apple prospects are very good. Hops suffered from dry weather in 
the western part of the State, but are good in Yakima. 

Oregon. — -Aggregate crop conditions are slightly above average, 
although prospects were lowered during July. -Winter wheat was 
damaged some by smut; the excessive temperatures in July tended to 
slightly shrivel the gi-ain (kernel), which naturally somewhat reduced 
the yield, although millers say this slight shrivehng tends to improve 
the milling quahty. The hay crop for the entire State is heavy. 
April rains gave the crop a good start and the quality is good. Con- 
siderable clover, originally intended for the seed crop, has been 
turned into hay on account of insect ravages. As a result of the 
abimdant crop, the price is not attractive to the grower. Potatoes 
planted very early have made normal ^-owth, but late-planted areas 
are suffering from dry weather. Hop men claim that the shortage 
of rainfall will materially reduce early high estimates of total produc- 
tion. One of the best-informed dealers states that in his opinion the 
Oregon crop will amount to not more than 120,000 bales, whereas a 
month ago the estimate was for 150,000 bales. The yards are 
reported free from vermin and the quality of the crop is expected to 
be above normal. 

California. — The relative condition of crops on August 1 is indicated 
by the following figures, 100 representing an average condition on 
August 1 of recent years (not normal): Almonds, 119; peaches, 118 
barley, 116; hay, 113; apples, oats, and kafir corn, 109; apricots, 1C8 
corn, beans, and lemons, 106; olives, 105; potatoes, 103; grapes, 102 
oranges, 101 ; sugar beets, 100; walnuts, 99; hops, 97; prunes, 95. 



OUTLOOK FOR THE 1914 FOREIGN WHEAT CROP. 

By Charles M. Daugherty 

The general tone of foreign crop reports during tne past month has 
indicated previous estimates of prospective yields to be too optimistic. 
Both in Canada and in most countries of Europe prospects have 
declined and total yields are recognized to be much inferior to those 
of a year ago. On August 1 harvest in Europe had in its northward 
progress reached the north-central latitudes of the great wheat belt, 
and considerably over half the European crop was either thrashed 
or stacked. Current estimates, therefore, relate, on the one hand, to 



12 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 615. 

grain actually reaped and, on the other, to growing crops to be 
harvested in August and September. 

In most countries where cutting has been finished — notably in 
Italy, southern France, Hungary, Roumania, the Balkan States, and 
south Russia — harvesting operations were interrupted by frequent 
torrential rains; prospective yields were thereby somewhat reduced 
ana the quality of much grain impaired. 

The Italian and Hungarian Governments have reduced previous 
forecasts of production each by upward of 7 million bushels; the 
former now puts its crop at 172,694,000 bushels, against 180,042,000 
a month ago; and the latter at 125,400,000 bushels, as compared with 
an estimate in early July of 133,916,000. The outturn of these 
countries last year was, respectively, 214,405,000 and 151,346,000 
bushels. 

The Spanish crop, according to the recent official preliminary 
figures, is 120,313,000 bushels; although almost 8 million bushels 
larger than that of 1913, the yield is still 10 million bushels below the 
average of the paot five years. In the southern half of France, the wet 
harvest has impaired the quality of a crop that was already acknowl- 
edged to be of very moderate proportions. 

Roumanian yields, which up to harvest were generally believed to 
approximate the 80 million bushel total of last year, are unofficially 
reported disappointing, both as to quantity and quality, and to 
promise little more than 80 per cent of the original expectation. 
!Meager unofficial returns from Bulgaria and Servia also indicate 
results not at all satisfactory. 

In European Russia the Central Statistical Committee, with the 
appearance of the plants on July 1 as a basis, has forecast a pro- 
spective harvest of spring wheat in the 63 governments at 390,388,000 
bushels and of the winter variety at 297,044,000— a total of 687,432,000 
bushels. As the corresponding yields of the two varieties last year, 
as finally returned, were, respectively, 542,294,000 and 295,453,000 
bushels — a total of 837,747,000 bushels — the July 1 prospect was that 
the volume of the 1914 crop would be inferior to the banner yield of 
1913 by 150,315,000 bushels, the shortage being entirely in spring 
wheat. No later forecast has been issued, but it is generally believed 
that meteorological conditions since July 1 — torrential rains during 
winter- wheat harvest in the south and prolonged drought in spring- 
wheat regions — have considerably diminished the prospect presented 
in midsummer. 

In those latitudes of Europe where wheat is yet to be harvested the 
plants during July generally made seasonable development. On 
August 1 former prospects of yields were, for the most part, fully 
maintained. In the United Kingdom the promise is officially 
described as for a slightly better than average crop, and in the more 
northerly latitudes of continental Europe meteorological conditions 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



13 



have been generally favorable to the maintenance or even to the 
improvement of the moderate prospects of a month ago. The dis- 
turbed political conditions, however, are enforcing, in the midst of 
hai'vest, widespread abandonment of the fields by the male popula- 
tion of military age, and the sas^ng of standing wheat and other 
unharvested crops promises to devolve largely upon female and 
youthful labor. Although the stress of urgent necessity will be a 
powerful influence against permitting waste, the effect of these 
unusual harvest conditions upon ultimate yields is for the present 
problematical. 



COTTON CONDITION, JULY 25, 1914, WITH COMPARISONS. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates 
estimates, from the reports of the correspondents and agents of the 
Bureau, that the condition of the cotton crop on Jul}^ 25 was 76.4 
per cent of a normal, as compared with 79.6 on June 25, 1914, 79.6 
on July 25, 1913, 76.5 on July 25, 1912, and 80.0, the average on 
July 25 of the past 10 years. 

Table 4. — Comparisons of conditions of cotton by States. 





July 25, 
1911. 


June 25, 
1914. 


July 25— 


State. 


1913 


1912 


10-year 
average. 




89 
86 
79 
82 
86 

81 
79 
76 
71 
72 

73 
75 
75 
100 


86 
82 
81 
83 
86 

88 
81 
81 
74 
80 

79 
93 
79 
100 


81 
77 
75 
76 
82 

79 

77 
79 
81 

87 

90 
86 
81 
100 


85 
SO 
75 
68 

75 

73 
6S 
76 
84 

74 

71 
75 
80 
99 


82 




80 


South Carolina 


79 


Georgia 


80 


Florida 


83 


Alabama 


79 






Louisiana... 


^-r 




81 


Arlcansas 


81 


Tennessee 


83 




84 




82 












76.4 


79.6 


79.6 


76.5 


SO 







Table 5. — Condition of cotton, monthly, and estimated yield per acre for the past 10 years. 



Year. 


May 25. 


June 25. 


July 25. 


Aug. 25. 


Sept. 25. 


Yield 
l^er acre. 


1913 


79.1 
78.9 
87.8 
82.0 
81.1 
79.7 
70.5 
84.6 
77.2 
83.0 


81. S 
80.4 
88.2 
80.7 
74.6 
81. 2 
72.0 
83.3 
77.0 
88.0 


79.0 
76.5 
89.1 
75.5 
71.9 
83.0 
75.0 
82.9 
74.9 
91.6 


68. 2 
74.8 
73.2 
72.1 
63.7 
76.1 
72 7 
77^3 
72.1 
84.1 


64.1 
69.6 
71.1 
65.9 
58.5 
69.7 
67.7 
71.6 
71.2 
75.8 


Lbs. lint. 
182.0 


1912 


190.9 


1911 


207.7 


1910 


170 7 


1909 


154.3 


1908 


194.9 


1907 


178. 3 


1906 


202.5 


1905 


186.1 


1904 


204.9 






A vera<.,'e 1904-1913 


83.4 


80.7 


80. 


73.4 


68.5 


1M7. 2 







14 



FAEMERS' BULLETIN 615. 



APPLE-CROP FORECAST. 

Forecast of a production of 210,000,000 bushels of apples is made 
from reports of the condition of the crop on August 1, which indi- 
cated 61.3 per cent of a normal, compared with 54.3, the average 
of the past 10 years. The estimate of production last year is 
145,000,000 bushels, two years ago 235,000,000 bushels, three years 
ago 214,000,000, four jesim ago 142,000,000; and five years ago, the 
Census report indicates a production of 146,000,000. On page 32 is 
given a table showing, by States, the forecast this year, the estimated 
production yearly for 1910 to 1913, inclusive, and the mean price to 
producers in the three months of heavy marketing, September, 
October, and November. Below is given for the United States and 
important apple States the Census reports of production in 1899 and 
1909, the forecast for 1914, and estimate of production in intervening 
years. 

Apples: Production 1S99-1914 in United States and important States; 1S99 and 1909 
Census figures; 1914 figures, forecasts from condition reports August 1; other years, 
estimates made from percentages applied to Census basis. 

[Bushels, 000 omitted.] 



Year. 


United 
States. 


Maine. 


New 
York. 


Penn- 
sylva- 
nia. 


Vir- 
ginia. 


West 
Vir- 
ginia. 


Ohio. 


Mich- 
igan. 


Illi- 
nois. 


Mis- 
souri. 


Ar- 
kan- 
sas. 


Wasli- 
ing- 
ton. 


Cali- 
for- 
nia. 


1899.... 
1900.... 
1901 . . . . 
1902.... 

1903 

1904 .. 


175,398 
205, 930 
135,500 
212, 330 
195 680 
233, 630 


1,422 
5,000 
2,5.50 
3, 780 
4,170 
5, 600 
2,800 
3,800 
4,950 
1,800 
3,636 
3,550 
6,800 
5,400 
3,000 
5,500 


24,111 

47, 000 
11,000 
41,000 
46, 000 
55, 000 
21,000 
31,000 
28, 000 
33, 000 
25,409 
17, 000 
39, 000 
44,000 
19, 500 
36, 000 


24,061 
l.S, 000 
9,000 
19, 000 
18, 500 
25,000 
13, 500 
17,500 
13, 800 
14, 800 
11,048 
11,600 
20, 500 
12,700 
10, 200 
19, 500 


9,836 
8,500 
9,500 
6,700 

13,100 
6,000 

10,100 
5,500 
5,200 
8,900 
6,104 

12,100 
7,200 

15,000 
5,200 

12,300 


7,496 

4, 200 
6,100 
4,. 300 
3, 800 
6, 500 
4,800 
5,900 
2,700 
5, 300 
4,225 
7,100 
7, 800 

10, 300 
1,000 

10, 300 


20,617 

13, SOO 

10, 500 

12,700 

13,500 

14,000 

4,800 

16,000 

4,000 

6,000 

4,664 

5,900 

18, 700 

10, 600 

4,800 

10, 500 


8,932 
11,800 

5,200 
18,000 
15, 400 
18,700 

6,300 
13, 700 

9, 500 

7,000 
12, 332 

4,200 
12,300 
17,200 

8, 900 
13, 100 


9,178 
7, .500 
5,900 

10, 100 
5,100 
6,000 
4,500 

12,100 
1,600 
2,600 
3,093 
800 

10, 600 
5,800 
8,200 
4,100 


6,496 

8,300 

10,500 

11,700 

6,200 

9,700 

6,300 

20,000 

1,300 

6,100 

9,969 

7,600 

11,600 

19, 200 

7,9fX) 

11, 700 


2,811 
2,900 
3,300 
4,000 
2,400 
4,000 
3, 200 
4,300 
3.600 
1,600 
2,2% 
2,700 
3,000 
5,100 
4,000 
4, 000 


729 
1,950 
1,870 
2,300 
2, 600 
2,700 
2,500 
3,000 
3, 800 
3, 200 
2,672 
5,800 
3,500 
7,700 
6,900 
7,600 


3,488 
3,200 
4,000 
4,200 
4,100 
3,900 


1905.... 

1906 

1907.... 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 


136, 220 
216, 720 
119,560 
148,940 
146, 122 
141,640 
21.4, 020 
235, 220 


3,800 
4,600 
4,000 
4,800 
4,031 
4,600 
4,700 
5,700 


1913.... 
1914 


145,410 
210,300 


3,000 
5, .300 



PERCENTAGE OF APPLE SHIPMENTS IN CARLOAD LOTS. 

The proportion of carloads to smaller lots in consignments of apples 
was the subject of an inquiry made last month (July, 1914) by the 
Bureau of Crop Estimates. A circular letter was sent to wholesale 
merchants in 13 large cities, including Boston and San Francisco, and 
120 replies were received. These reports covered 1,531,000 barrels 
of apples, of which 81 per cent arrived at the cities in carload lots 
and 19 per cent in smaller consignments. 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



DURUM- WHEAT EXPORTS. 

According to reports made to the Bureau of Crop Estimates, 
11,785,000 bushels of durum wheat were exported from the United 
States during the year ending June 30, 1914, a decrease of about 
3,700,000 bushels compared with 1913, and the receipts of durum 
wheat at five leading primary markets amounted to 20,625,000 
bushels, or about 2,000,000 less than in 1913. Durum formed 16.4 
percent of all wheat received at those markets in the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1910, 11.1 in 1911, 3 in 1912, 7.2 in 1913, 7.9 per cent in 1914, 
and this variety formed 39.3 per cent of all wheat (excluding flour) 
exported from the United States in 1910, 13.8 m 1911, 6.1 in 1912, 
16.9 in 1913, and 12.8 per cent in 1914. 

Quotations at Minneapolis show the prices per bushel of Nos. 1 and 
2 durum wheat were from 1 to 4 cents liigher than the same grades of 
Northern wheat for Septembei", 1912, and from January to May, 1918. 
For June and July, 1913, the prices of Nos. 1 and 2 grades of both va- 
rieties were the same. From October to December, 1912, and from 
August, 1913, to July, 1914, the price per bushel of Nos. 1 and 2 
grades of Northern wheat ranged from 1 to 4 cents higher than the 
corresponding grades of durum. 

Table 6. — Dunun wheat: Exports from the United States and receipts at five leading 
primary markets, during the years ending June 80, 1910-1914. 

[From reports made to the Bureau of Crop Estimates.] 



Item. 




Year 


ending June 30— 




1910 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1914 


Exported from: 

Baltimore 


Bushels. 

048, 000 

540, OOO 

5,613,000 

72,000 

27, 000 

7, 725, 000 

2, 575, 000 

845,000 


Bushels. 
150, 000 
362, 000 

2,481,000 


Bushels. 

8, 000 
46, 000 
45,000 


Bu.ihels. 
382, 000 


Bushfls. 
389, 000 
318, 000 
2, 448, 000 


Boston 


Dulutli, via Canada 


1,210,000 


Galveston 


New Orleans 










New York 


158, 000 
123,000 


1,569,000 
184,000 


11,215,000 

2,141,000 

507,000 


6, 920. 000 

1, 568, 000 

142, 000 


Philadelphia 


Portland, Me 








Total 


18,345,000 


3,274,000 


1,852,000 


15,461,000 


11,785,000 




Received at: 

Chioaeo 


1 .833, 000 
21,927,000 
11,194,000 

2 256, 000 
2 552, 000 


1,151,000 
6, 807, 000 
11,232,000 
2 242, 000 
2 332, 000 


472, OtX) 

3,074,000 

2,157,000 

75,000 

52, 000 


472,000 

14, 419, 000 

6,590,000 

2 207, 000 

851,000 


673, 000 

14,215,000 

4,720,000 

2 379, 000 

(538, 000 


Duluth 

Minneapolis 


Omaha 


St. L/Ouis 




Total, 5 cities 


34, 762, 000 


19, 764, 000 


5,830,000 


22, 539, 000 


20, 625, 000 





' SLx months, July-December, 1909. 

3 Estimated from reported number of carloads by assuming an average of 1,200 bushels per car. 

SUGAR-BEET FORECAST. 

The condition of sugar beets August 1 was 92.4 per cent of a normal. 
This forecasts a yield per acre of about 10.3 tons. The actual outturn 
will likely be above or below this amount, according as conditions to 



16 FARMEKS' BULLETIN 615. 

harvest are better or worse than usual. A yield of 10.3 tons on the 
estimated planted acreage, 520,600 acres, amounts to 5,362,000 tons ; 
but there is usually some abandonment, the average in recent years 
being 10 per cent. Assummg an average abandonment of 10 per 
cent, there would result about 4,826,000 tons of sugar beets. The 
production in 1913 was 5,659,000 tons; in 1912, 5,224,000; in 1911, 
5,062,000; and in 1910, 4,047,000 tons. 



CLOVER SEED IN OREGON. 

Within recent years the growing of clover for seed has become 
quite an important industry in western Oregon. The 1913 seed crop 
was probably in excess of 2,000,000 pounds, and the greatly increased 
acreage in 1914 would normally have largely increased the total pro- 
duction for 1914. But there has been a great amount of damage 
from the clover midge, working in the head, and the clover root 
borer, affecting the crown of the plant. A very considerable portion 
of the crop intended for seed will not be worth harvesting for that 
purpose, and as it has been allowed to get beyond the proper stage 
of ripeness for hay, will have very little value for that purpose. 

The damage is not at all uniform. Wliere some fields are practi- 
cally ruined, only a few miles away the fields generally appear to be 
in good condition. Quite a little hulhng has already been done, and 
yields of six and seven bushels of red clover seed per acre have been 
obtained. The alsike variety seem to yield even better than the red. 
In Linn County, v/hich is probably the heaviest clover seed producing 
comity in the State, dealers estimate that, notwithstanding the 
increased acreage, the production will probably be not more than one- 
half that of last year. 

TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops decreased about 0.1 per cent during July; in the past 
G }'ears the price level has decreased during July 0.1 per cent. 

On August 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 9.7 per cent 
higher than a year ago, but 7.0 per cent lower than 2 years ago and 
1.3 per cent lower than the average of the past 6 years on August 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals increased 2.6 per cent during the month from June 15 to 
July 15, which compares with an increase of 0.9 per cent in the same 
period a year ago, an increase of 1.0 per cent 2 years ago, an increase 
of 1.4 per cent 3 years ago, and a decrease of 4.2 per cent 4 years ago. 

From December 15 to July 15 the advance in prices for meat ani- 
m.als has been 8.2 per cent; whereas during the same period a year 
ago the advance was 13.0 per cent, and 2 years ago 17.9 per cent, 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 

while 3 years ago there was a dechne m price of 11.1 per cent during 
this period. 

On July 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, 
cattle, sheep, and chickens — was S7.41 per 100 pounds, which com- 
pares with $7.25 a jeax ago, $6.33 two years ago, $5.52 three years 
ago, and $6.98 four years ago on July 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 34 and 35. 



SUPPLY OF CATTLE HIDES. 

By George K. Holmes. 

About one-third of the cattle hides treated in the leather manu- 
facturing industries of this country five years ago were imported 
from other countries. In the meantimie the number of cattle on 
tiie farms and ranges of the United States has diminished, the con- 
sumption of hides has increased, and a present European war has 
affected the international trade in hides, so that the industries tliat 
tan and otherwise treat cattle hides and use their leather are facing 
uncertainties in the supply of the raw material. 

According to the census report on the leather manufacturing 
industries, 20,516,332 cattle hides were treated in 1909, of which 
13,764,686 were taken off the cattle of this country, leaving approxi- 
mately one-third of the consumption to be supplied by foreign 
countries. The cattle slaughter of that year, according to the census 
report on agriculture and on slaughtering and meat packing, was 
13,611,422, but this number did not include an apparent 150,000 
cattle that died from accident and disease. 

The imports of hides into this country are reported in pounds and 
not in number of hides, and no fairly good estimate of such number 
can be -made, for the reason that the imported hides are both dried 
and wet, or salted, with no separation in the report; and furthermore, 
the hides are derived from many countries, the cattle of which vary 
in average size, and some buffalo hides are included. In the year 
ending June 30, 1909, the imported cattle hides weighed 192,252,000 
pounds, to use a round number, a quantity that far exceeded the 
previous record, and m the next year the imports amounted to the 
remarkably high total of 318,002,000 pounds. Apparently this 
resulted in an overstocking of the market, because in the following 
year, 1911, the imports fell to 150,028,000 pounds. For 1910 and 
1911 combined, the average yearly imports were 234,015,000 pounds. 
The import record continued to be broken year by year, and cattle 
hides weighing 251,013,000 pounds were received in 1912, after 
which 268,042,000 pounds were received in 1913, and 279,769,000 
pounds in 1914. 

From 1909 to 1914 the imported cattle hides increased 45.5 per cent 
in weight, and the number of cattle on farm.s declined from 61,804,866 
57071°— Bull. 615—14 3 



18 



FARMEES BULLETIN 615. 



ill 1910, as ascertained in the census, to 57,592,000 as estimated b}' 
the Bureau of Crop Estimates of the Department of Agriculture, a 
dechne of 8.4 per cent. It may be roughly comj)uted from the fore- 
going figures that the imported cattle hides have reached over two- 
fifths of the consumption, but less than one-half. The supply from 
foreign countries, therefore, has been a matter oi increasing moment, 
independent of conditions of war. 

As the trade statistics are expressed, the various countries that sup- 
ply hides to the United States often vary much in importance from year 
to year. The reason for this is largely a roundabout and indirect 
transportation in the ships of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, 
and other countj-ies. Accordmg to the record in this country, 25 per 
cent of the weight of hides imported in 1913 came from Argentina, 
15.5 per cent from Canada, 11 per cent from Mexico, 8.5 per cent from 
European Russia, 7.5 per cent from France, 3.7 per cent from. Ger- 
many, 3.2 per cent from the United Kmgdom, 2.7 per cent each from 
Uruguay and the Netherlands, 2.6 per cent from Belgium, 2 per cent 
from Colombia, 1.7 per cent from Venezuela, 1.1 per cent from Cuba, 
and comparatively insignificant quantities from other countries. The 
countries mentioned supplied, on the face of the record, about nme- 
tenths of the imports of cattle hides. 

The cattle hides that cam.e from Belgium, France, Germany, Euro- 
pean Russia, and the United Kingdom in 1913 were 25.5 per cent of 
the total imports of hides, and about one-ninth of the consumption. 
These fractions would be larger if all the cattle-hide imports carried 
in the ships of the countries mentioned could be stated. (See Table 
7 for details of statement of imports of cattle hides from principal 
countries from 1909 to 1914.) 



Table 7. — Imports of cattle hides into the United States, by principal countrits from 

irhich consigned. 
(From Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 000 omitted from pounds of imports.] 



Country and period. 



Fiscal year ending June 30 — 



1909 



Percent- 
age of 

total in 
191.3. 



All countries: 

July to Dec., calendar year 

preceding 

Jan. to June 

Total fiscal year 

Argentina 

Belgium 

Brazil 

Canada 

Colombia : . . . 

Cuba 

France 

Germany 

Italy 

Mexico 

Netherlands 

Russia, European 

United Kingdom 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 



PouTids. 

87,8(32 
1(M,390 



192,252 



49,236 
7,823 
1,704 

31,236 
4,380 
7,548 

14, 124 
3,447 
3,934 

18,560 

3,8.58 

205 

9,967 

13,495 
5,806 



Pounds. 
174,655 
143,349 



Pounds. 
78, 620 
71,508 



Pounds. 
99, 142 
151,871 



Pounds. 
151,659 
116,383 



Pounds. 
107,182 
172, 587 



318,004 



150, 128 



251,013 



268, 042 



279, 769 



84,158 
19,205 

2,607 
29, S24 

5,501 

6,095 
23,266 
16,672 

6,066 
32, 789 

9,297 

6,363 
15,091 
27,686 

5,708 



41,971 

3,495 

400 

29,439 
5,809 
3,752 
9,939 
2,746 
1,964 

22,799 
3,462 
107 
1,689 
5,290 
4,445 



83,662 
9,0;3 

714 

29,770 
6,304 
4,306 

15,574 
7,247 
4,854 

28, 103 
6, 5S0 
9,044 
9, 262 

10, 934 
5,556 



67,042 
7,106 
1,744 

41,608 
5,462 
2,840 

20, 102 
9,787 
2,412 

29, 500 
7,271 

22, 906 
8,589 
7,245 
4,471 



25.0 
2.6 

15! 5 
2.0 
1.1 
7.5 
3.7 
.9 

11.0 
2.7 
8.5 
3.2 
2.7 
1.7 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 19 

Apart from such cliaiiges as may be made in tbe world's supply of 
cattle hides by the European war, changes in the distribution of that 
supply may be expected. Statements of the exports and imports of 
cattle hides from and to principal countries in 1912 may be found in 
Tables 8 and 9. To the total exports of all countries, Argentina con- 
tributed 18.9 per cent in 1912 ; British India, 9.9 per cent; German}^, 
8.7 per cent; Russia, 8.6 per cent; Brazil, 6.2 per cent; France, 6.0 
per cent; the Netherlands, 5.0 per cent; Uruguay, 3.7 per cent; 
China, 3.4 per cent (buffaloes) ; Austria-Hungary, 3.3 per cent; Italy, 
2.7 per cent; Mexico, 2.5 per cent; the United Kingdom, 2,4 per cent. 

Some of these countries, however, exported great quantities of 
cattle hides that they had imported. In the world's import trade in 
cattle hides in 1912 the share of Germany was 22.5 per cent; the 
United States, 21.8 per cent; Belgium, 12.9 per cent; France, 8.2 
per cent; the United Kingdom, 7.6 per cent; Russia, 5.5 per cent; 
Austria-Hungaiy, 5.0 per cent; the Netherlands, 5.0 per cent; Italy, 
3.2 per cent. 

Upon subtracting the exports of cattle hides from the imports for 
principal importing countries for 1912, it appears that, while Germany 
imported a greater quantity of hid(>s than any other country, the 
United States being next in order, the exports from Germany were 
so much greater than those from the United States that the net im- 
ports of this country far exceed those of Germany and are much more 
than those of any other prominent importing country. Although 
Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the 
United Kingdom figure largely in the export trade in cattle hides, in 
reality they are all countries of deficiency, and their national con- 
sumption depends on foreign countries for a large contribution. 

In the absence of an increase in the world's supply of cattle hides, 
it is evident that the supply of the United States from foreign 
countries, under European war conditions, is subject to diversions and 
interruptions. A great portion of the imports have come in the sliips 
of other countries, and some of the more prominent of those countries 
are unable to continue the service. If the United States or other 
countries supply a substitute service, cattle hides will continue to be 
imported, presumably at least in usual quantities and as required. 
Indeed, assuming that war conditions in other countries are reducing 
the consumption of cattle hides in those countries, at least for reexport 
in manufactured goods, it follows, in the absence of a diminution in 
the world's supply of cattle hides, that a large share of the supply 
may be available to the United States if the means of ocean transpor- 
tation are sufficient. 



20 



FAKMEES' BULLETIN 615. 



Table 8. — Exports of cattk hides from principal countries in 1912. 
[Ye;irbook of the U. S. Department of Agriculture; 000 omitted.] 



Country. 



Total. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 
of total. 



Dried. 



Wet, or 
salted. 



Argentina 

Austria-Hungary 

Brazil 

British India 

British Soutli Africa 

China (buffalo) 

Chosen ( Korea) 

Cuba(1911) 

Egypt (1911, including camel) 

France ( large) 

Germany 

Italy 

Mexico 

Netherlands 

New Zealand 

Peru (1911) 

Ru.ssia (large and small hides) 

Singapore ( 1911) 

Spain (unclassified) 

Sweden ( 191 1) 

Switzerland 

United Kingdom 

United States 

Uruguay (1910) 

Venezuela .■ 

Other countries (including buffalo). 



Pounds. 
242, 993 
42, 846 
79, 927 
127,446 
20, 595 
43, 920 

4,448 
14,248 

6,889 
77, 828 
111,671 
35, 203 
32, 635 
64,649 

4,544 

4,461 
110,614 

5,111 

8,202 
28, 588 
15, 897 
30,447 
20, 514 
48, 045 

7,426 
98,510 



All countries (including buffalo) 1, 287, 657 



18.9 
3.3 
6.2 
9.9 
1.6 
3.4 

.4 
1.1 

.5 
6.0 
S.7 
2.7 
2.5 
5.0 

.4 

.4 
8.6 

.4 

.6 
2.2 
1.2 
2.4 
1.6 
3.7 

.6 
7.7 



Pounds. 
69,469 
8, 253 
16,316 



21,645 



28,065 



Pounds. 
173, 524 
34,593 
63,611 



29,485 



Table 9. — Imports of cattle hides into principal countries in 1912. 
[Yearbook of the U. S. Department of Agriculture; 000 omitted.] 



Country. 



Austria-Hungary 

Belgium (wet) 

British India 

Finland ( 1911) 

France ( large ) 

Germany (including buffalo) 

Greece (unclassified) 

Italy 

Japan 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal ; 

Roumania (1911, including buffalo) 

Russia 

Singapore (1911, unclassified) 

Sweden (1911) 

United Kingdom (including calf skins). 

United States (including buffalo) 

Other countries (including buffalo) 



All countries (including buffalo) 1,445,642 



Total. 



Quantity. 



Pounds. 

72, 883 

186, 116 

21, 174 

7,123 

118,578 

325, 167 

5, 257 

46,517 

5,674 

72,321 

15, 189 

7,576 

8, 629 

79, 773 

7,835 

23, 845 

110,615 

314,478 

16, 892 



Per cent 
of total. 



Dried. 



Pounds. 

37, 877 



3, 186 
'88 ,'521' 



35, 791 
3,475 
7,398 



6,861 

"is.'sii' 

'i67,'24i 



Wet, or 
salted. 



Pounds. 
35,006 
186, 116 



3,937 



236, 646 



36, 530 

11,714 

178 



72,912 
""5,' 334 
'267,' 237 



J 



I 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



21 



No increase in the world's supply of cattle hides from mcreased 
production would seem now to be indicated, without a slaughter of 
breeding stock. The herds of the principal surplus countries are 
about stationary in numbers. While they are gradually increasing 
in Canada, New Zealand, and Uruguay, a stationary condition or 
diminishing tendency exists in Argentina, Australia, Cuba, Mexico, 
Russia, and the United States. Table 10 maybe examined for an 
understanding of the drift of cattle production in principal surplus 
hide countries and the United States. 



Table 10. — A' umber of cattle in selected countries at a certain date in specified years. 
[Cattle not on farms and ranges included for some countries, unifonnlj' for all j-ears.] 



Country and year. 



AKGENTINA. 

1888 

1895 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

AUSTRALIA. 
1890 

1894 

1895 

1897 

1899 

1900 

1902 

1905 

1900 

1907 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

URAZIL. 

Latest and best esti 
mate 

CANADA. 

ISO! 

1901 



Number of 
cattle. 



21,901,(157 
21,701,526 
29,110,025 
27,824,-509 
28,827,900 
28.780,1 {8 
29,010,000 
28,500,000 



10,299,913 
12,311,017 
11,767,488 
10,832,457 
9,045,090 
8,040,225 
7.062,742 
8,528,331 
9.349,409 
10,128,486 
11,040,391 
11,744,714 
11,828,954 
11,577,259 



30,705,000 



4,120,586 
5,372,504 



Country and year. 



CANADA— contd 

1911 

1912 

1913 

COLOMBL\. 

1890 

1909 

CUBA. 

1891 

1895 

1899 

1906 

1910 

1912 

MEXICO. 
1902 

NEW ZEALAND. 

1891 

1896 

1897 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1908 

1911 



Number of 
cattle. 



6, 533; 436 
6.431,861 
6,656,121 



3,465.000 
4,000,000 



2,455,788 
2,485,766 
376,650 
2,566,870 
3,212,087 
2,829,553 



5,142.457 



788,919 
1,047,901 
1,209,165 
1,361,784 
1,460,663 
1,593,547 
1,736.850 
1,810,936 
1,851,750 
1,773,. 326 
2,020,171 



Country and year. 



PAEAGUAY. 

1899 

1902 

1908 

1912 

RUSSIA, EUROPEAN 

1890 

1900 

1908 

1910 

1911 

UOTTED STATES. 

1890, June 1 

1900, June 1 

1910, Aprill5 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

URUGUAY. 

1900 

1908 

VENEZUELA. 

1909 



Number of 
cattle. 




28. .')4 1,400 
34.483.900 
32,139,378 
34,615,715 
33,290,223 



51,303.572 
67,719,410 
61,803.866 
60.502.000 
57,959,000 
56,527,000 
57,592,000 



6,827,428 
8,192,002 



The diminishing marketings of cattle since 1907, and especially 
since 1910, in Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Sioux City, 
St. Joseph, and St. Paul, tell the tale of a diminishing hide production 
in this country. As Table 11 shows, the number of cattle received 
at those markets in 1900 was 7,179,344, and the number steadily 
increased to 9,590,710 in 1907. There was a marked decline to 
8,827,360 cattle in 1908, followed by a gain in the next two years, 
but since themarketingof 9,265,408 cattle in the cities named in 1910 
the decline has been rapid to 7,904,552 cattle in 1913. During the 
first half of 1912 the receipts of cattle at these cities were 3,268,228; 
of 1913, 3,324,201; and of 1914,- 2,994,501 cattle. 



22 



farmers' bulletin 615. 



Table 11. — Marketings of cattle and calves. 
[Combined receipts at Chicago, Kansas City, Omaha, St. Louis, Sioux City, St. Joseph, and St. Paul.] 



Year. 



1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 

1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 



Number. 



Cattle. Calves. 1 



7,179,344 
7,708,839 
8,375,408 

8,878,789 
8,690,699 

9,202,083 
9,373,825 
9,590,710 
8,827,360 
9,189,312 



2.304,310 

2 356, 952 

517,702 

5.50, 5.59 

513,034 

730,639 
7%, 793 

834,781 
854,687 
868, 564 



Year. 



1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

Jan. to June 

1912 

1913 

1914 



Number. 



Cattle. Calves.i 



, 265, 408 
,768,456 
,159,888 
,904,552 



208,228 
324,201 
994,501 



981,309 
975, 176 
909, .526 
740,062 



477,465 
371,662 
345, 783 



1 Receipts at Chicago, Kansas City, St. Joseph, St. Paul, and Sioux City. 
St. Louis. 

2 No data for Sioux City. 



No returns for Omaha and 



The trend of the calf slaughter in this country, which has been 
regarded as excessive in recent years, is shown in Table 11 by the 
receipts of calves at the seven cities mentioned from 1900 to 1913 and 
during the first half of 1912, 1913, and 1914. From 1902, when 
517,702 calves were received, the receipts increased to 981,309 in 1910, 
or nearly doubled in eight years. The decline during the three years 
since 1910 has been more marked than the increase during the three 
years preceding. During the first half of 1914 the receipts of calves 
at the seven cities were only about two-thirds of the number in the 
first half of 1912. T\Tiile farmers may be raising more calves to 
maturity, it may be true on the other hand that fewer calves are born. 

Apparently, the leather industries in this country may reckon on a 
diminishing suppl}^ of cattle hides from the United States for present 
purposes, and will need to depend on a redistribution of the world's 
supply in international trade, not only for any increase of imports 
but to prevent a great decrease. 



The Fruit Commissioner's Branch of the Canadian Department of 
Agriculture, under date of July 13, 1914, reports that the 1914 
Canadian apple crop, from current indications, will be above average, 
and one that, with proper attention given to distribution and mar- 
keting, will return to the growers satisfactory figures. 

On April 1, 1914, there were in the United States postal service 
43,068 rural free delivery routes with a total length of 1,045,903 miles, 
and 12,090 ''star" routes having a total length of 154,427 miles; 
hence more than 1,000,000 miles of country roads are traversed regu- 
larly by United States mails. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



23 



Table 12.- 



-Corn and n^heat: Condition, forecast, and price of corn, and price of all vheat, 
Aug. 1, 1914, tvith comparisons. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire. 
Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island. . . . 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina. . . 
South Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

.Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado " 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

Calilornia 

United States 



Corn. 



Condi- 
tion 
Aug. 1. 



Forecast from con- 
dition. 



BushchA 

630 

877 

1,822 

2,160 

430 

2,613 
20, 131 
10,877 
61,227 

6,341 

24, 193 
46, 469 
19,471 
51, 767 
33, 022 

53,501 

8, 366 

137, 592 

149, 212 

289, 171 

60, 387 
66, 470 
90,-566 
396, 341 
181,856 

13, 057 

74, 749 

195, 698 

133, 478 

76, 942 

69, 178 
44, 593 
50,408 
36,252 
115, 154 

50, 274 

36, 236 

1,081 

480 

10, 979 

2,643 
607 
366 
34 

605 
993 

627 
2, 288 



Bushels.^ 

626 

840 

1,802 

l,9a3 

416 

2,707 
19, 673 

9,710 
58, 549 

5,886 

22,237 

44,644 
19, 863 
49, 881 
35, 629 

55,298 

8,146 

146, 306 

189, 448 

376,015 

63,822 

62, 730 

82, 426 

404, 796 

207, 444 

12, 607 
85, 494 
217, 028 
138, 890 
96, 086 

77, 720 
48, 372 
53,333 
42, 798 
138,611 

73, 744 

40,817 

1,004 

527 

10, 644 

2,478 
592 
359 
34 

585 

972 

634 

2,386 



4.8 81.9 2,6^4,214 2,916,572 2,446,988 2,708,334 



Final estimates. 



608 

814 

1,665 

1,944 

402 

2,348 
15, 020 

10, 862 
57,057 
6,206 

22,110 
51,480 
22, 692 
55, 282 
38, 512 

63,023 
10, 125 
146, 250 
176, 400 
282, 150 

56,112 

66, 825 
96,000 
338, 300 
129,062 

10, 800" 
67,320 
114, IsO 
23,424 

74, 825 

68, 675 
55,360 
63,000 
41,800 
1613, 200 

52, 250 

47,025 

882 

493 

6, ,300 

1,572 
476 
340 
34 

448 

952 

598 

1,815 



C3 tU0O3 



BusheUA 

694 

967 

1,792 

2,041 

430 

2,755 
18, 682 
10,157 
56, 524 

6,089 

22,211 

46, 959 
20. 137 

47. 884 
31,564 

53, 482 

8,628 

154, 651 

186,900 

366, 883 

54,829 

56, 346 

76, 584 

352, 236 

200, 859 

6,938 
60, 509 
164, 878 
129,700 
92, 543 

80, 767 
49,107 
,51,103 
35, 131 
120, 286 

75,412 

48, 439 

533 

268 

6,409 

1,838 

457 

2.54 

29 

362 

800 

542 

1,745 



Price Aug. 1. 



Cts. 



All wheat. 



Price Aug. 1. 



Cts. 
100 



81 
8.5 
81 
73 
72 

81 
80 
68 
68 

7S 

80 
118 

78 
100 

76 

68 
71 
70 
101 
76 

94 
95 
72 



■6.5 



1 Thousands (000) omitted. 



24 



FAEMEKS BULLETIN 615. 



Table 13. — Winter and spring wheat: Preliminary estimate of production of winter wheat; 
condition and forecast, Aug. 1, 1914, of spring uhcat, ivith eoinparisons . 





Winter wheat. 


Spring wheat. 


State. 


Yield 
per acre. 


c 
o 

1 


s 

o 

03 " 
O 


Final estimates. 


Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


Final estimates. 




OS 


1 


S 


t^03 rH 




0) 


< 


"3 


2 


a Moi 




Bu. 


Bu. 


JSm.i 


JSm.i 


Bm.i 


J3M.1 


P.O. 

95 
95 


P.c. 
95 
90 


27 


Bu.^ 

76 
24 


Bu.i 

76 


77 
















24' 24 




22. 5 
18!o 

18.2 

20.5 
21.5 
14.0 
15.0 
11.5 

11.5 
12.0 
18 5 


IS. 7 
17.4 
16.9 

16.0 
15.7 
11.9 
12.5 
9.6 

9.5 
9.8 
15.5 
15.1 
15.6 

15.4 
IS.N 

211.6 
13.6 


8,100 
1,422 

23,878 

2,337 

13, 158 

10, 906 

3,540 

7,026 

920 

1,680 

38, 665 

43. 239 

48, 429 

17,580 

1,828 

800 

10, 346 

43,333 


7,614 

1,232 

21,915 

1,971 
10,355 


6,800 

1,408 

21,862 

1,638 
8.113 


6, 793 




New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 


1,475 
21,290 

1,817 
9,290 
9,171 
2,952 
5,9.36 

761 


' 








j 


























Maryland 
















9,815 10;608 
3,170 3.0.55 














West Virginia 














6,592 

863 

1,638 

38,456 

42,966 

44,374 

16, 104 

1,778 

"i6,'897 
40,835 


7,078 
972 






























1,708 1,382 
35 100 ^0 5L3.S 














Ohio 




1 










17.4 
18.8 

20.0 
21.5 
19.5 
21.6 
17.0 


39. 775 

41,888 

12. 776 
1,749 

810 
10,530 
39,586 


30, 668 
33,640 

14,220 
1,.591 
2 810 
6,272 

31,048 




1 




































Wisconsin 

Minnesota 


87 
63 
80 


86 
83 
86 


1,783 

45, 148 

4,978 


1,869 

62,000 

5,602 


1,916 

67,230 

5,865 


1,719 
59, 859 


Iowa 

Missouri 


5,548 


North Dakota .. 


81 
69 
70 
79 


76 

78 
78 
63 


88, 513 

36,613 

4, 130 

822 


95,871 
48,176 
5,423 

857 


78, 855 

33,075 

4,200 

468 


90,231 

38, 768 

3,687 

618 


South Dakota 

Nebraska 


14.0 
19.3 
20. 5 
16.5 

15.0 

r-i 


18.1 
13.4 
12.1 

10.7 
10.9 
11.8 
11.6 
11.5 

10.7 
27.3 
26.9 
23.3 
20.9 

28.8 
22.4 
24.3 
27.6 

26.3 
22.9 

14.8 


966 

60, 274 

162,975 

12,292 

10, 635 

403 

13 

14,066 
46,835 

1,418 

11,063 

984 

4,850 

1,050 

868 
5,575 

522 
9,322 

32,667 
13,684 
7,466 


"68.238 

151,050 

10, 986 

9,166 

380 

13 

14,282 

43, 138 

1,289 
1.3,276 
1,194 
5,457 
1,041 

903 
5,914 

445 
9,823 

32,632 
15,227 

7,946 


900 

58, 125 

86, 515 

9,860 

8,400 

374 

14 

13, 650 

17,500 

1,313 
12, 288 
1,000 
4,220 
651 

928 
4,600 

368 
8,494 

32,400 

12,305 

4,200 


2900 
45, .392 
73, 676 
9,037 

7,718 

297 

59 

8,863 

17,224 

999 
7,636 

654 
3,762 

530 

642 
3,311 

317 
8,600 

24,609 
12,955 
7,047 


Kentuck}' 


















Alabama 
















13.0 
13 














Texas 














Oklahoma 


19.0 
13.5 

■^3 n 






























85 
80 
94 
98 

85 
97 
98 
92 

89 
86 


87 
89 
85 
86 

90 
95 
97 
90 

82 
83 


10,210 

1,320 

7,442 

760 


10,800 

1,476 

7,391 

760 


8,385 

1,250 

5,460 

570 


5,618 


Wyoming 


24.0 
■'S 


1,019 




5,266 

477 

48 


New Mexico 


25.0 

28.0 
25.0 
29.0 
27.5 

27.2 
22.0 
18.3 


Utah .. . 


1,979 

820 

5,603 

22,546 
3,349 


1,979 

812 

5,686 

21,819 
3,382 


1,820 

713 

5,600 

20,900 
3,412 


1,853 




568 


Idaho 


4,483 


Washington 

Oregon 


22, 227 
3,399 




















United States.. 


19.1 


15.0 


675, 115 


652,975 


523,561 


441,212 


75.5 


80.1 


236, 120 


274,003 239,819 


245, 479 



Thousands (000) omitted. 



2 1913 only. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



25 



Table 14. — Oats and harhy: Condition, forecast, and price, Aug. I, 1914, with 

comparisons. 



Maine 

New Hamp- 
shire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts.. 
Rhode Island.. 

Cormeeticut 

Nev York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . 
Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota.. 
South Dakota. . 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States 



Oats. 



Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 



P.c. 



Forecast from 
condition. 



P.c. 
95 

92 
92 
91 

89 

89 



81 
84 

so' 

77, 

83 

85 1 
83 
84 
73! 

1 

77' 
80 1 
75 
66 

83 j 
84 
82; 
81 

73 j 

67! 
77 
88 
91 
87 

84 
94 
96 
95 

93 

90 
89 

85 

80.9 



Bush.^ 
5,596 

445 

3,147 

321 

56 

374 

39, 450 

2,195 

32,061 

89 

1,008 
2,621 
1,602 
3,594 
7,291 

7,912 

648 

51,335 

40,212 

125,815 

52,389 

77,987 
92,340 
159, 403 
24,868 

71,070 
41,595 
67,063 
56,532 
2,903 

5,580 
6,862 
2,852 
1,070 
25,215 

31,406 
5.568 

23,320 
8,533 

13, 402 

1,999 
335 

4,464 
508 

14,824 
14,324 

12,667 
8,389 



1,153,240 



Bush.i 
5,539 

425 

2,969 

297 

56 

345 

38,384 

1,965 

30, 474 

89 

993 
2,714 
1,724 
3,445 
7,168 

7,912 

648 

50,642 

40,841 

120, 748 

51,571 
84,854 
110,656 
172,318 
24,990 

74,083 
49,866 
67,341 
54,801 
2,846 

5,516 
6,792 
2,927 
1,066 
28, 616 

32, 467 
5,518 

25, 191 
8,906 

10,397 

1,880 
338 

4,419 
518 

15, 136 
14,517 
13,628 
8, .^69 



c3 J5 



03 -i cS 



Bush.i 
5,029 

430 

2,869 

284 

57 

342 

39,681 

1,990 

34, 464 

119 

1,285 
3,839 
2,558 
3,740 
7,053 

7,810 

701 

65,129 

54,666 

144, 625 

47,021 
74,644 
96,426 
166,676 
29, 307 

57,063 
37,027 
5-1,828 
39,612 
3,422 



Price, 
Aug. 1. 



1,415 
242 

3, 825 
376 

14,061 
13, 493 
12,906 
6,624 



1,131.175 



65 60 

56 59 

56l 60 

51 62 



6,126, 49 

5,157 62 

2,146' 61 

746' 60 

22,651] 41 44 85 



18,467i 35 

4,569 51 

18,8781 35 

6,399 58 

10, 397 



36.7 



Barley. 



Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 



P.c. 

95 



^2.8 



90 



"5.3 



P.c. 
92 



Forecast from 
condition. 



Btish.i 

14; 



26 
367 



2,025 



175 



139 
280 



Bush.i 
140 



26 
362 



144 
274 



1,002 982 

200; 211 

l,520j 1,566 

2,309 2,346 

19,752| 20,066 

33,623 3.5,366 

10,356 10,714 

92; 105 

29, 172 1 30,830 

19,426 22,138 

2,689 2,837 

5,314 5,304 

78 



52 



2,076 

441 

3,955 



85 1 141 

92' 1,365 

95; 1,362 

97i 512 



7,779 

7,194 

4,255 

44,415 



82.1202,660 



52 



2,313 

464 

3,987 

137 
1,380 
1,376 

522 

7,887 

7,237 

4,153 

45,803 



211,319 



2| 



Bush.i 
118 



25 
372 



179 



121 
263 



664 

242 

1,603 

2,216 

21,351 

34,044 

12,395 

140 

22, 700 

17,368 

1,981 

2,921 

76 

62 



156 



1, 189 

327 

2,530 

65 
1,294 
1,006 

467 

5,905 

6,522 

3,673 

37, 690 



181,873 45.1 



I Thousands (000) om tted. 



26 



FAEMEES' BULLETIN 615. 



Table 15. — i?y? and biicJcvheat: Acreage, productioi}, quaJity, and price of rye; acreage, 
condition, forecast, and price of bucHcheat, viih comparisons. 





Rye. 






Buckrwheat. 


State. 


Preliminary esti- 
mates. 


52 

^ 3 
>>2 


Quality. 


Price , 
Aug. 1. 


Acreage. 


Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 


■3 
c 
8 

a . 

03 

f~, 



g 
»| 

is 


Price, 
Aug. 1. 




o 

< 




.3 


S 


ro 


> 







Pi 




Eh 


S 


> 

03 . 




S 


> 


Maine 


vlcrcsi 


Bu. 


Buy 


Buy 


P.c. 


P.C. 


Cts. Cts. 


P.c. 
95 

102 
95 
102 


Acres'^ 
12 

1 
8 
2 


P.c. 
95 
95 
92 
96 


p.c. 
93 
93 
90 
91 


Bu.i 
382 
29 
199 

44 


Bu.^ 1 ««. 
423 70 

29|.... 
200 85 

39.... 


as. 

7P 


New Hampshire. 














85L -- 


78 


Vermont 


1 
3 


20.0 
19.0 


20 
57 


19 
54 


98 
96 


94 
94 


76 
92 
105 

96 
71 
70 
72 
80 

70 
83 
79 
94 
179 

100 


"'98 


87 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 


93 


Comiecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


129 

70 

280 

1 


19.0 
17.7 
18.0 
17.5 
17 5 


133 

2,283 

1,260 

4,000 

IS 

391 
754 
246 
460 
34 

120 


141 

2,245 

1,197 

4,506 

14 

408 
596 
201 
427 
28 

105 


97 
94 
95 
95 
93 


97 
94 
94 
94 
93 


95 

82 
82 
79 
77 

73 
83 
86 
99 
147 

143 


95 
98 
100 
100 
90 

99 
102 

96 
100 


3 

274 

10 

280 

3 

11 

23 

36 

9 


94 
91 
94 
90 
81 

90 

76 
87 
80 


92 

88 
86 
90 
90 

91 
92 
94 
89 


59 

6,3.58 

244 

.5,922 

52 

203 
375 
783 
155 


56 

5,766 

247 

5,894 

65 

198 
443 


110 

85 
105 

78 


97 
81 
95 
74 


Maryland 


23 17.0 
58 !.•? n 


95 92 

94 91 

95 92 
94 91 
90 90 

93; 91 


76 
on 


80 
81 


West Virginia 

North Carolina... 
South Carolina... 


17 
4f. 
3 

13 


14.5 
10.0 
11.5 

9.2 


792, 80 
178 82 


78 

83 


Georgia 


















Florida 


















Ohio 


94 
99 
49 

379 


16.5 
16.3 
16.2 

ifi n 


1,551 

1,614 

794 

6,084 
7,004 
5,245 
1,121 
255 

2,240 
850 

1,952 
990 
301 

273 
13 


1,082 

1,176 

849 

5,666 

5,990 

4,998 

703 

233 

841 
304 
980 
349 

278 

202 
10 


94! 93 

95 92 

94 92 

96 93 

95 92 

91 91 
90 93 
93 91 

92 90 


64 
57 
59 

57 
56 
50 
63 
66 

45 


75 
70 
73 

70 
70 
64 
67 
79 

62 
62 
61 
72 

85 

90 
133 


110 
100 
95 

99 
95 
100 
95 
99 


20 
5 
4 

59 
17 
6 
6 
2 


85 
65 
85 

88 
92 
90 

87 
60 


89 

88 
84 

85 
86 
88 
86 
84 


374 
66 
75 

986 
289 
108 
99 
216 


406 
94 


72 
q.5 


76 




74 




79 inn 


96 




1,051 
297 
125 
116 
25 


79 
71 

58 
96 


79 


Wisconsin 

Minnesota 


412jl7.0 

279 18.8 

59119.0 

17 1.5. 

13117.1 
50; 17.0 
122;16.0 

5019.8 
22I13.7 


75 

72 
96 




111 


North Dakota 




South Dakota 


90 90. - 




















91 91 

94 8.8 
93 89 

96 90 

91^ 89 


47 
64 
74 

89 
90 


100 
125 


1 

1 


85 
70 


86 
85 


19 
12 


17 
12 




105 






Kentucky 


soi - . " 


Tennessee 

Alabama 


21 

1 


13.0 
13.0 


98 


3 


75 


91 


42 


45 




82 


Mississippi 


















Louisiana 
































Texas 


2 

6 


14.8 
16 


30 

96 
11 

210 
64 

368 


20 

45 
10 

172 
42 

312 


86 85 

93' 87 
911 87 

97 95 
92 97 

98 92 


95 

73 
92 
69 
85 
64 


100 

84 
99 
78 
84 
73 


















Oklahoma 


















Arkansas 


lIll.O 


















Montana 


10 

4 

21 


21.0 
16.0 
17.5 


















Wyoming 


















Colorado 


















New Mexico 


















Arizona 
































ttah 


13 


17.5 


228 


106 


99| 97 


"55 

65 
65 
100 
94 


72 


















Nevada 


















Idaho 


3 


?{\ 


60 
158 
336 
160 


60 
140 
285 
117 


97, 97 
96 94 
94 95 
98 93 


73 
84 
93 

88 


















Washington 


819.7 

2l|l6.0 

8|20.0 


















Oregon 


















California 




































United States 


2, 533! 16. 8 

1 


42, 664 


34,911 


94. 92. 8 

1 


61.073.4'98.9 


796 


88.8 


S9.1 


17,091 


16,597 


81.2 


77.9 



1 Thousands (000) omitted. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 

Table 16.- — Potatoes: Condition, forecast, and price, Aug. 1, 1914, with comparisons. 



State. 



Potatoes. 



Condi- 
tions 
Aug. 1. 



c8 M 



Forecast from 
condition. 



Filial esti- 
mates. 






Price, Aug. 1 



Sweet potatoes. 



Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 



Final esti- 
mates. 






Price, 
July 15. 



c3 a> 
IS 03 



Maine 

New Hamp- 
shire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 
Rhode Island 

Connecticut.. 
New York . . . 
New Jersey . . 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 
North Caro- 
lina 

South Caro- 
lina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota — 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 
South Dakota 
Nebraska .... 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi.. . 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas .... 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico . 

Arizona '. . 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington,. 

Oregon 

California 

United 

States. . 



P.c.\P.c. 
91 



79.0 



29, 17S 

2,474 

3,638 

3,5.53 

744 

3,026 
40,076 

9,539 

23, 295 

909 

3,264 
7,079 
2,640 

1,624 

670 

781 

1,216 

11,945 

4,360 

6,634 

38, 191 
35, 568 
30,841 
13, 406 
3,915 

6,190 
4,980 
8,658 
4,193 
1,649 

1, 505 

1,123 

832 

1,587 
2,739 

2,112 
1,391 
5,472 
1,733 
9,372 

1,132 

106 

3,471 

1,920 

5,491 

8,826 

6, 394 

10,212 



27, 085 

2,142 

3,150 

3,256 

658 

2,621 
36, 737 

8,346 
22,383 

847 

3,225 
6, 148 
3,006 

1,693 

656 

764 
1,149 

11,888 
5,145 
7,738 

37, 099 
33, 197 
28,612 
13,3 " 
4,402 

6,454 
5,362 
9, .582 
4.774 
2,422 

1, 

1,184 

864 

1,673 

2,605 

2,227 
1,404 
5, 565 
1, 755 
9,532 

993 

99 

3, 574 

1,940 

5,409 
9, 248 
6,311 
10,474 



Bu.i 
28, 160 

2,074 

3,175 

2,835 

650 

2,208 
26, 640 

8,930 

23, 320 

957 

3,741 

9,870 
3, 984 

2,400 

800 

972 

912 

10,240 

3,9' 

5,7.50 

33, 600 

32, 155 

30, 250 

7,200 

3, 230 

5, 100 
4,6S0 

5, 664 
2,920 
2,450 

2,432 
1,512 
960 
1, 7.50 
2,340 

1,920 
1,800 
5,040 
1,680 
9,200 

612 

75 

3, 600 

1,760 

5,780 
7,380 

6, 750 
8,092 



BuA 
26, 077 

2, 298 

3,414 

2,922 

600 

2,437 

36, 288 

8,438 

22,653 

946 

3,383 
S, 137 
3,889 

2,349 

816 

928 

918 

16, 193 

7.222 

9,921 

35, 273 
31,625 
25, 8a5 
13, 227 
6,034 

4,797 
4,217 

7, 231 
4, 14S 
4,000 

2,691 
1,245 
801 
1,4 
2, 691 

1,604 
1,919 
4, 215 
1,094 
8,161 

644 

2,722 
1,369 

5,232 

8, 636 
6,408 
9,375 



Cts. 



91 
75 S3 
99 109 
75 98 



P.C. 



P.c. 



Bu.i 



Cts 



Cts. 



56 
71 

82, 88 

73 [ 84 

139! 117 

1041 114 

114 125 

81i 96 

82' 93 

90 97 



85 



72 
38 
51 

861 103 
88 96 



86! 93 

771 83 
103 103 
101 
79 
106 



369, 634 



360, 614 



331, 525 356, 627 



69.2 



2,846 
120 
601 

966 

2,902 

192 

6,810 

4,049 

6, .383 

1, 
94 
91 
531 



3,174 
110 
675 

1,128 

3,564 

182 

8, 000 



7,221 

2,310 

90 

78 
560 



3,006 
117 
657 

999 

3,771 

210 

7,737 



7,111 

2,278 

110 

118 

841 



85 



90 



86.5 



190 
435 



160 
336 



196 
639 



472 
665 

1,343 
4,876 
3, 632 
4,433 
3, 567 

429 

1,287 



2-50 
675 

1,600 
6,650 
5,390 
5,100 
4,000 

384 
1,800 



437 
941 

1,997 
6, 014 
4,979 
5,00' 
2,924 

352 
1,813 



49, 886 59, 057 57, 628 



175 



82 
115 



75 



87 
121 
110 



168 
92 

102 
95 
82 
103 
122 

124 
96 



I Thousands (000) omitted. 



28 



FARMERS BULLETIN 615. 



Table 17. — Flax, rice, and tobacco: 



Condition, forecast, and price, Aug. 1, 1914, with 
comparisons. 





Flaxseed. 


Rice. 


Tobacco. 


State. 


Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 


H 
2 

si 

-3 

..a 

*^ o 

o 


S 

a 
1 

G - 


Price, 
Aug. 1. 


Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 


a 
e 

■3 
..c 

*i o 

g 

o 


a 
i 

"3 
.3 


Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 


a 
s 

a 

i 


Final estimates. 




■«r 


? 

s . 


53 


CD 


■^' 


o 


TT 


> 

II 

O 


CO 


Pai 


Maine 


P.c. 


p.c. 


Bu.' 


Bm.1 


Cts. 


Cts. 


P.c. 


P.C. 


5m.i 


Btt.l 


P.c. 


P.C. 


Lbs.i 


i6s.i 


Lbs.^ 


New Hampshire. 




















92 
92 
93 


91 
90 

88 


175 

175 

11,662 


165 

155 

9,455 


163 


Vermont 


...... 




















164 


Massachusetts. .. 






















9,524 


Rhode Island 






















Connecticut 






















96 
93 


91 

88 


36, 457 
6, 203 


28,520 
4,386 


28,337 
4,997 


New York 














] 






New Jersey 






















Pennsylvania 






















86 


88 


45, 830 


46, 680 


57 351 


Delaware 
























Maryland 






















70 
65 
53 
70 
74 

80 
84 
68 
65 
75 


82 
82 
84 
81 
83 

88 
90 
83 
80 
82 


12,320 
93, 600 
5, 1.52 
126, 000 
30, 976 

1,368 

3,359 

60, 795 

9,477 

428 


18, 500 
154, 000 

10, 200 
167,500 

33, 288 

1,800 

4,000 

61,425 

11, 925 

560 


18, 663 
135 388 


Virginia 






















West Virginia. . . 






















12 7&3 


North Carolina . . 














85 
S6 

90 
86 


85 
86 

86 
84 


5 
169 

38 
10 


7 
147 

16 
10 


127 339 


South Carolina... 














22^027 
1 3''3 


Georgia 














Florida 














2,987 
79,966 
18 939 


Ohio 














Indiana 




















Illinois 




















842 


Michigan 
























Wisconsin 


91 

82 
88 
80 

83 
75 
71 

82 


88 
86 

88 
78 

80 
85 
87 
76 


Ill 

2,893 

275 

56 

7,408 

2,550 

49 

328 


126 

3,150 

263 

50 

7,200 

3,060 

54 

300 


""i55 
138 

152 
148 
125 
130 


175 
166 
156 
141 

171 
163 
156 
146 










91 


83 


60, 999 


50,740 


47,807 


Minnesota 










Iowa 




















Missouri 










60 


80 


2,829 


3,315 


5,578 


North Dakota . . . 












South Dakota. . . 




















Nebraska 




















Kansas 




















Kentucky 










60 

52 
75 
71 
93 
65 


79 

80 

87 
83 
83 
81 


244, 755 

37, 833 
105 


281, 200 

64, 800 
210 


350, 502 


Tennessee 






















70, 426 
153 


Alabama 














85 
80 
88 
88 


86 
86 
89 
89 


6 

40 

11,224 

8,320 


4 

42 

11, 760 

9,696 


Mississippi 
















Louisiana 














384 
105 


270 
120 


•ii.s 


Texas 














159 


Oklahoma 
















Arkansas 














85 


88 


3,366 


3,769 


70 


83 


392 


520 


471 


Montana 


87 


92 


3,090 


3,600 


150 


178 




Wyoming 




















Colorado 


88 




60 


50 






















New Mexico 




1 


















Arizona 






1 




1 


















Utah 












1 


















Nevada 












j 


















Idaho 












1 


















Washington 












i 










1 




Oregon 
























1 




California 














91 




747 


293 






1 
























! 




United States.. 


82.1 


82.6 


16, 820 


17,853 


150.7 


167.9 


87.6 


88.4 


23, 925 


25,744 


66.5 


81.5 


791,379 


953, 734 


996,087 



1 Thoasands (000) omitted. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



29 



Table 18. 



-Hay and clover: Acreage, condition, forecast, and price of hay; production 
and quality of clover, Aug. 1, 1914, with comparisons . 



State. 



Hay. 



Acreage 
(tame). 



Condi- 
tion, 
Aug. 1. 



Fore- 
east, 
Aug. 1. 



Final esti- 
mates. 



Price, Aug. 1. 



Clover. 



Yield 
per 



Produc- 
tion: 
per cent 
offuU 
crop. 



Qual- 
ity. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 
Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey - . . . 
Pennsylvania . . 
Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

WLsconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota.. 
South Dakota. . 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico . . . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington... . 

Oregon 

California 

United States 



P.c 
103 
105 
99 
101 
100 



A cresi 

1,230 

520 

990 

480 

58 

375 
4, 653 

361 

3,141 

72 

390 

638 
696 
307 
210 

245 

45 

2,812 

1,764 

2,125 

2,352 
2,494 
1,743 
2,910 
2,640 

364 

483 

1,262 

1,650 

736 

756 
200 
194 
162 
420 

436 
304 
686 
480 
970 

204 
142 
406 
247 



858 
2,688 



P.c 
97 
98 
85 
91 
75 



P.c. 

87 
85 



98.9 48,400 86.7 83.9 69,464 64,116 65, 



Tons.^ 

1,492 

642 

1,237 

612 

56 

445 
5,600 

462 
4,333 

87 

487 
555 
637 
376 
220 

304 

62 

3,554 

2,105 

2,136 

3,175 
4,190 
3,074 
4 059 
2,218 

535 

72 
1,853 
2, 191 

718 

750 
250 
230 
233 
580 

430 

333 

1,231 

1,094 

2,425 

519 

472 

1,162 



2,033 
1,776 
1,953 
5,085 



Tons.i 

1,194 

495 

1,280 

575 

68 

432 
5,358 

4,146 
94 

491 
952 
925 
419 
244 

350 

63 

3, S4S 

1,800 

2,450 

2,520 
3, 848 
2,490 
4,440 
1,800 

388 

552 

1,675 

1,350 

674 

1,089 
286 
293 
240 
464 

382 
384 

1,188 
912 

1,824 

399 
540 
909 
646 

2,044 
1,794 
1,732 
3,600 



1,299 
538 

1,310 
582 
67 

441 

5,498 

472 

3,840 

88 

453 
793 
770 
375 
219 

293 

52 

3,8.38 

2,194 

3,168 

3,004 
3,301 
2,265 
4,511 
3,115 

403 

514 

1,591 

1,988 
919 

1,11 

268 
275 
235 
444 

388 
363 

1,109 
819 

1,707 

387 
350 
943 

587 

1,879 
1,620 
1,578 
4,01 



Dols. 
13. 60 
18.40 
14.70 
19.50 



Dols. i Dols. 
13.70 13.80 
16.50, 16.56 
1.3. 60! 12.94 
20.10 20.28 



23.30 22.00 22.44 
19.80 20.00, 21.94 



14.50 
18. 40 



14.00 14.54 

17.70 18.38 

13.50 13.80 15. .32 

16.00, 14.00, 15.40 



Ts. Ts. 
1.501.40 
1.5311.45 

i.eoji.so 

1.601.60 
1.50jl.40 

1.501.57 
1.211.25 
1.37|1.,30 
1.40,1.20 
1.10,1.27 



14.20 11.50, 15-. 68 1.1311 10 

17.30 1.3.00: 15.661 .80,1 35 

16. 70; 13.70 15.281 .92 1 50 

18.20 15.00, 15.88 1.201 45 

18.10, 18.10, 18.46 1.501 70 



17.60, 18.40; 18.28 1.45 
19. OO! 18.00, 17. 60!.... 
12. 60i 10. 00 12. 54 1. 14 
13.60 11.40 11.94 .95 
14.50, 11. so; 12.48 .95 



12.10 12.00, 

9; 60, 9. 50, 

6. 50; 6. 20 

9. 40 7. 90; 

14.90 11.30 

5. 10 5. 20 

5. 90 5. .30 

7. 20, 7. 70 

7. 90 8. 90 

17.30; 14.40 



12.701.29 
12.561.89 
8.28 1.95 
9. 20 1. 45 
10.601 .77 

6.101.50 
7. 08 1. 75 
8. 38 1. 50 
8.32 1.20 
14.62 .90 



P.c. 
96 
93 

77 
90 
SO 

84 
75 
76 
81 
78 

74 
60 
59 
75 
70 



P.c. 
72 
79 

'J 
83, 

94 

90 

77 
75 
78 
85 



P.c 

98 
99 
93 
95 
80 



1.30' 83 



65 89 

86 82 

86^ 86 

91 90 

88^ 85 

87, 89 



1. 42 74 
1. 10| 65 
1. 25, 60 

l.Os' 84 
1.80 1.01 
1.701.04 
1. 58| 87 
1. 00 57 



1.05 
1.35 
1.37 
1.05 
1.02 



88, 94 

71 90 
85 90 

72 94 
951 94 
79 96 
94 96 

70! 80 



95 



8. 50 7. 30 

12.20, 11.90 

7. 60 8. 50 

7. 8O' 7. 50 

8. 00, 8. 50 

11.00; 9.50 

10. 001 10. 10 

8. 60 8. 30 

8. 00 9. 20 

6. 70' 7. 00 

9.80, 10.50 

7. 20 8. 50 

8.10 14.50 



56 



18.40, 14.40 14.381.00 1.30 62 

15. OOi 15.00 13.821.55 1.60 87 

13.20 12.00 12.26 1.70185 83 

12.40 11.601 11.601.701.75 90 

9.50, 10.00, 10.56 2.00 102 



11.52 11.16 



7.701.101.60, 
10. 88 1. 15 1. 20 
10.14 2.00 2.10 

9.40 2.08l.90| 
10.02 2.00 2.25 



92 
78 
103 
102 
107 

110 



10. 74 1.401. 50 

10.58' j 

7.88 2.20 3.00] 102 

10.32 2.60 2.35 103 

I I I 

7.58 2.50 2.40, 101 

12.20 2.27 2.301 95 

9.40 2.10 2.25 105 

11.26 2.00 2.10 98 



11. 97il. 19 1. 30 73. 5 81. 91. 2 91. 9 



70[ 



1 Thousands (000) omitted. 



30 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN 615. 

Table 19.- — Hay and grasses; condition, Aug. 1, 1914, with eomparisons. 





Timo- 
thy. 


Alfalfa. 


Millet. 


Kafir 
com. 


Field 
peas. 


Cow- 
peas. 


Blue grass 
(for seed). 


Pastiu-e. 


State. 


Condition, Aug. 1. 




S be 

OS O > 
i-H f— ( l3 


Ol 


00 ca 


Ol 




CO 


® s 


^ 

m 




■^ 


00 03 


05 


=- 6 
■ate 

« 2 


rr 


si 

2^ 




P.C. P.c. 
97 91 
97 90 

861 94 
90 90 

80 91 

88 90 

84' 84 

81 84 
89: 85 


p.c. 


P.c. 


p.c. 
90 
92 
93 
93 
85 

90 

86 
89 
88 
70 

78 
71 
81 
76 

78 

77 


P.c. 

88 
86 
85 
87 


p.c. 


P.c. 


P.C. 


p.c. 
90 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


p.c. 


P.C. 

95 
96 

89 
92 

85 

92 

85 
85 
86 
66 

69 
69 
61 
73 
71 

75 
86 
67 
51 
40 

85 
94 
94 
77 

45 

91 
&5 
78 
75 
48 

55 
69 
68 
82 

87 

59 
62 
90 
95 
101 

102 
94 
100 
102 

92 
87 
90 
97 


P.C. 

90 


New Hampshire 

Vermont 










100 
100 

82 
100 

95 

87 
89 
89 
83 

86 
81 
79 
80 
76 

82 
87 
74 
67 
50 

85 
97 
94 
85 
66 

87 








84 










95 
94 
90 

90 
90 
93 
91 
80 

92 
71 
75 

75 
84 

77 


89 

""86 

"""79 

77 

""86 
83 
83 








90 


















83 


Rhode Island 
















82 


Connecticut 






83 
82 
86 
86 










< 


82 




92 
91 
90 

84 

87 
75 
81 
80 
76 

75 


90 
91 
90 
90 

85 
85 
■ 87 
86 
86 

88 






84 
88 
85 
87 

84 
83 
88 
85 
84 

88 
87 
89 
85 
84 

84 
86 
86 
89 
85 

78 
90 
81 
83 
85 

88 
88 
86 
86 
82 

S3 
86 






82 












76 


Pennsylvania 






.. , . 




83 


72 

75 
55 
59 
71 
80 

74 


84 

81 

82 
84 
87 
88 

88 










80 




80 
84 
85 
87 
84 

88 










79 












86 








64 


86 


91 


North Carolina 






90 


South Carolina 










88 


Greorgia 










91 


Florida 










93 


Ohio 


76 
67 
60 

88 
99 
97 
85 
50 

% 
92 
91 

75 
63 

61 
78 
85 
95 
80 

80 
72 
92 
95 
99 

105 


84 
81 

82 

84 
89 
83 
84 
76 

82 
82 
82 
78 
81 

84 
89 
88 
90 
76 

83 
82 
92 
93 
91 

88 


89 
82 
87 

90 
97 
96 
93 

78 

96 

86 
88 
88 
71 

77 
77 
70 
80 
89 

68 
77 
93 
94 
102 

95 
92 
89 
100 

93 
95 
96 
98 


88 
87 
86 

82 
87 
86 
91 
86 

83 
85 
82 
80 
85 

87 
88 
86 
87 
80 

81 
83 
95 
92 

87 

90 

94 
88 
93 

93 
94 
93 
94 


73 
67 

57 

86 
93 
92 
89 
64 

85 
88 
60 

67 
68 
84 
90 
84 

70 
58 
88 
65 
93 

100 
95 
100 
100 

95 
90 
90 


87 
82 
82 

83 
85 
84 
85 
78 

80 
82 
77 
81 
82 

a3 

86 
83 
86 
75 

78 
82 
84 
79 
82 

84 

""90 






83 
50 
80 

91 
90 
95 
93 
55 

95 
77 
90 
90 
65 

76 
73 
70 
73 
75 

67 


86 
83 

84 

83 

84 
88 
87 
80 


85 
60 
62 

100 
93 
98 
81 
72 


85 
84 
83 

77 
81 
85 
80 
80 


88 


Indiana 






83 




45 


80 


79 




78 


Wiseonf^in 


92 


83 


82 




86 








m 




77 


81 


81 


North Dakof a 


«■> 


South Dakota 










86 


Nehraska 


87 
85 


79 
78 


"""82 
"■"82 


85 
87 
65 

68 
75 
73 
73 

75 

70 
64 

85 
98 
98 

100 
100 
95 






80 




86 
85 

85 


77 
76 


80 


Kentucky 


87 


Tennessee 






90 


Alabama 






93 


Mississippi 










04 


Louisiana 










<^4 


Texas 


92 

73 
74 


80 

82 
84 






84 


Oklahoma 






8? 


Arkansas 






88 


Montana 


93 
90 
100 

95 
100 
100 

95 

94 
85 
96 
97 


... 

94 

"'"96 

82 






9' 


Wvomins; 












94 


Colorado 


95 

99 
92 


83 

80 
94 


90 

78 
89 
94 






89 


New Mexico 






85 


Arizona 






88 


Utah 


99 
100 

90 
91 
95 
98 

77.3 


96 
96 

95 
93 
93 
92 

84.4 






92 


Nevada 










94 


Idaho 








94 
94 
92 

87 


92 
87 
73 
95 


89 
95 
94 
90 






% 


Washingtcm 












9t 


Oregon 


96 










91 


California 


98 


90 






87 













United States.. 


90.8 


87.8 


79.4 


78.8 


84.4 


81.3 












/6.2 


S3 5 



















THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTI-OOK. 31 

Table 20. — Fruits: Condition, Avjg. 1, 1914, with compar<i.sons. 



State. 



Maine 

N-ew Hampshire. 

Vfirmont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 



Connect jcut... 

New York 

N«w Jersey 

Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia... 

Florida 

Obio 

iTtdiana.^. 
Minois 



Michigan.. 
Wisconsin. 
Minnesota. 

Iowa 

Missouri... 



North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee. . 
Alabama... 
Mississippi. 
Louisiana.. 
Texas 



Oklahoma. 
Arkansas.. 
Montana.., 
Wyoming.. 
Colorado... 



New Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California . . . 



United States. . 



Apples. Peaches. Grapes. 



Pears. 



Wat«r- Canta- 
melons. loupes. 



Toma- 
toes. 



Condition, Aug. 1. 



P.c 
79 

78 
7-5 
79 
79 



8-1 
75 
83 

6L3 



P.c 

6^ 
64 
67 

67 



78 
51.3 



P.c. 

100 

15 

37 
20 

58 

<)2 
20 



P.c 



P.c 



P.c 



84.4 



P.C 

78 
61 
60 



80 



P.c 
93 

9S 
70 
90 



P.c. 



72 



P.C. 

91 
73 
65 
90 



P.C 



80 



P.c 
92 
90 
91 
95 
93 



P.c. 



Black- 
berries. 



Rasp- 
berries. 



Production.! 



P.c 
93 
9S 
93 
91 
82 

90 

S3 
85 
83 



791 84 84 



83 
88 
91 

83.1 



72 



P.c 
91 

88 
90 
87 
90 



58 

56 
100 
100. 
100 82 



96 



70.81 77. 5 



P.c 

97 
95 
95 
93 
81 



80.5 



1 Percent of Ml crop. 



32 



FAKMEES BULLETIN 615. 



Table 21. — Apples: Forecast of piodiaiion, 1914, from condition, Aug. 1, estimated 
production, 1910-lS, and prices, 1910-13. 



State. 


Estimated production, br.shels, 000 omitted. 


Price to producer: Mean of Sep- 
tember, October, and Novem- 
ber averages. 




1914 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


Maine 


5, 500 
1,700 
2,500 
3,000 
300 

1,800 
30, 000 

3,000 
19, 500 


3,000 
800 
700 

2,300 
300 

2,100 
19,500 

2,100 
10, 200 


5,400 
2,200 
2, 600 
3,300 
300 

1,700 
44,000 

1,700 
12, 700 


6,800 
1,600 
2,250 
3,000 
400 

2,400 
39,000 

3,100 
20, ,500 


3,5.50 
1,800 
2,700 
2,900 
300 

1,800 
17,000 

1,700 
11,600 


90 
106 
108 
116 
101 

76 
85 
70 
81 


55 
62 
66 
76 
91 

74 
48 
66 
61 


53 

66 
75 
95 
73 

70 
56 
58 
52 


68 
66 
81 
79 
80 

80 
81 
72 
64 


New Hampshire. . . 
Vermont. . . . 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 


New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 


N. Atlantic 


73,300 


41,000 


73,900 


79, 050 


43,350 










Delaware 


400 
3,300 
12,300 
10,300 

7,200 

700 

1,700 


180 
1,300 
5,200 
1,000 

3,000 
260 
900 


420 i 300 


350 
2,700 
12, 100 
7,100 

7,200 

740 

1,400 


85 
92 
73 
113 

84 
127 
99 


65 

57 
47 
47 

69 
99 
92 


67 

47 
65 
67 

79 
124 
105 


42 


Maryland 


2,650 
15,000 
10,300 

7,600 

600 

1,400 


2,600 
7,200 
7,800 

3,600 
470 
800 


,50 
59 
60 

72 
93 
92 


Virginia 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 


Florida 








1 






■ 




S. Atlantic 


35, 900 


11,840 


37,970 


22,770 


31,590 




















Ohio 


10,500 
4,000 
4,100 

13,100 
2, 500 


4,800 
6, 600 
8, 200 
8,900 
4,000 


10,600 
4,200 
5, 800 

17,200 
2,000 


18, 700 
8,900 
10, 600 
12,300 
3,000 


5,900 
4,900 

800 
4,200 

400 


100 

68 
69 
63 

68 


59 

68 
70 
47 

78 


50 
58 
51 

55 

72 


82 


Indiana 


72 


Illinois 


100 


Michigan 


88 


Wisconsin . . . 


100 






N.C.E. Miss. R. 


34,200 32,500 


39,800 1 53,500 


16,200 




















Minnesota 


900 1 son 


700 

1,500 

19, 200 


1,300 
9, 500 
11,600 


150 

200 

7,600 


73 

82 
74 


102 
92 

46 


87 
60 
61 


146 


Iowa 


2,500 
11,700 


7,100 
7,900 


129 


Missouri 


68 


North Dakota 




South Dakota 

Nebraska 


200 
2,200 
4,200 


320 
2,300 
2,700 


200 
2,800 
6,700 


240 
3,600 
2,400 


30 
1,400 
6,600 


116 
93 
105 


99 
81 
60 


106 
79 
89 


136 
97 


Kansas 


(i5 






N.C.W.Miss.R. 


21,700 22,120 


31,100 


28, 640 


15, 980 




















Kentucky. .. 


7,100 

5,900 

1,200 

400 


6, 900 

3,900 

900 

370 


9,600 

8,900 

1,200 

450 


6,100 

2,900 

700 

240 


5,300 

5, 200 

1,000 

330 


76 
93 
97 
100 


64 
64 

85 
92 


81 
93 
95 
116 


76 


Tennessee 


70 


Alabama 


86 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 


100 


Texas 


400 
1,200 
4,000 


300 
1,100 
4,000 


500 
1,700 
5,100 


200 
1,050 
3,000 


400 
1,200 

2,700 


120 
108 

87 


98 
84 
81 


118 
107 
94 


118 


Oklahoma 


97 




84 






S. Central 


20,200 


17,470 


27, 450 


14,190 


16, 130 




















Montana 


900 


840 

30 

3,300 

650 

90 

610 

160 

1,400 

6,900 
3, 500 
3,000 


900 

30 

3,100 

750 

130 

680 

260 

1,650 

7,700 
4,100 
5,700 


900 

20 

2,700 

680 

110 

460 

100 

1,200 

3,500 
1,.500 
4,700 


420 

10 

1,500 

340 

100 

410 

160 

1,250 

5,800 
3,800 
4,600 


115 


87 


116 


117 


Wyoming 




Colorado 


4,400 
900 

100 

800 

200 

1,500 

7,600 
3,300 
5,300 


97 
115 

202 
85 

162 
95 

91 
81 
102 


89 
103 

200 
82 
115 

82 

67 
67 
75 


97 
97 

208 
96 
139 
106 

96 
108 
84 


112 


New Mexico 

Arizona 


125 

188 


Utah 


126 


Nevada 


169 


Idaho 


98 


Washington 

Oregon 


78 
85 


California 


86 






Far Western... 


25, 000 


20,480 


25,000 


15, 870 


18, 390 
















United States.. 


210, 300 


145, 410 


235, 220 


214,020 


141,640 


85.5 


62.3 


69.7 


80.1 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 33 

Table 22. — Vegetables and miscellaneous: Condition, Aug. 1, 1914, v.ith comparisons. 





Cab- 
bages. 


Onions. 


Beans 
(dry). 


Lima 
beans. 


Broom 
corn . 


Sugar 
cane. 


Sor- 
ghum. 


Sugar 
beets. 


S«P- nut. 


State. 














Condition, Aug. 1 










Ci 






C3 


o 




Ci 






!5S 

ol a 

C3 


rp 




en 


It 


P.c. 


P.C. 


CT 
P.C. 


'^ (3 
P.C. 


P.C. 


03 


Maine 


P.c. 
91 

90 
86 
91 
95 

84 
87 
87 
90 
78 

80 
08 
76 
68 
62 

63 

82 
75 
59 

48 

89 
92 
84 
77 
47 

88 
75 
76 
64 
52 

58 
59 
53 
55 
65 

43 
49 
89 
92 
94 

93 
90 
96 
92 

89 
87 
89 
92 

79.3 


p.c. 

89 

86 
90 
86 

87 

88 
84 
85 
85 
84 

78 
84 
88 
83 
83 

85 


P.c. 
90 

92 
80 
92 

87 

89 
86 
78 
86 
85 

84 
75 
75 
76 
68 

73 


P.C. 

87 

86 
90 

84 
85 

87 
86 
85 
88 
87 

85 
89 
90 

89 

87 

89 


P.c. 
94 

95 
92 
92 
94 

85 
90 
85 
90 
70 

84 
62 
77 
70 
65 

70 


p.c. 

89 

89 
90 

87 
89 

87 
87 
85 
85 
78 

79 

82 
86 

85 
84 

84 


p.c. 
94 

"99 
93 
95 

91 
89 
86 
90 

88 

85 
74 
75 
74 
60 

66 


P.c. 
92 

87 
90 
85 

87 

86 

85 
83 
84 
82 

80 
83 
86 
85 

82 

88 


P.c. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


New Hamp- 
shire 


























Vermont 


























Massachusetts.. 


























Rhode Island. . 


























Connecticut 


























New York 


















85 


85 






New Jersey - - . - 




















" 


Pennsylvania.. 


























Delaware 


























Maryland 


























Virginia 


70 


83 
82 






75 
74 
80 
75 

80 
86 
78 
61 
57 


83 
85 
85 
85 

88 
82 
85 
81 
80 










89 


80 


West Virginia.. 
















North Carolina. 












. 


83 
78 

82 

87 


84 
S3 


South Carolina. 


.... 


.... 


82 

80 
81 


84 

86 
86 










Georsia 










88 


Florida 














89 


Ohio 


88 
82 
80 

83 
82 
84 
82 
75 

78 
79 
74 
71 

84 

85 
82 
80 
78 
72 

65 

76 
89 
90 

8S 

84 
88 
92 
90 

91 
88 
92 
91 

83.3 


80 
72 
60 

89 
93 
88 
86 
66 

89 
80 
80 
82 
73 

73 
73 
70 
75 
76 

74 
• 75 
88 
92 
94 

03 
90 
98 
93 

93 
90 
94 
94 

80.6 


88 
86 
84 

83 
85 
86 
85 
82 

80 
82 
79 
78 
89 

90 

88 
88 
84 
80 

79 
86 
88 
92 

89 

86 
90 
93 
91 

93 
90 
92 
93 

86.3 


74 
65 
55 

88 
95 
90 
82 
50 

91 
75 
78 
83 
54 

56 
60 

58 
90 
77 

70 
65 
86 
92 

97 

98 
92 
95 
102 

84 
83 
85 
94 

88.5 


87 
82 
80 

87 
86 
86 
83 

78 

80 
83 
82 
74 
82 

84 
84 
86 
85 

77 

73 
80 
92 
91 

87 

84 
87 
90 

90 
91 
91 

89 

S6.9 


82 
61 
51 

89 
98 
92 
81 
51 

76 

78 
75 
75 
53 

55 
60 
55 
73 
72 

65 
60 
90 
71 
94 

100 
93 
93 

100 

86 
88 
88 
95 

76.3 


87 
83 
82 

82 
85 
85 
84 

77 


74 
67 
68 


84 


80 


86 






Indiana 














Illinois 


80 






97 

92 
95 
89 
93 


89 

87 
87 
86 
90 










Michigan 














Wisconsin 










92 
96 
88 
66 


83 

85 
84 
81 


100 


87 






Mumesota 












* 


Iowa 


79 
66 


88 
76 














Missouri 














North Dakota.. 


















South Dakota. . 












87 
88 
89 
66 

70 
73 
70 

78 
85 

70 
65 


88 
83 
81 

82 

85 
86 
83 
87 
81 

83 

85 














Nebraska 


78 
73 
83 

83 
86 
85 
84 

77 

69 

77 


91 

83 
64 

67 
70 
59 
95 

88 

75 
60 


80 

75 

78 

83 
83 
81 
83 
76 

75 

82 






94 
GO 
77 


88 
82 




"" 






Kansas 














Kentucky 










55 

56 
79 
79 
84 
75 

66 
68 




Tennessee 












83 
89 


Alabama 


72 
74 
75 

76 


88 
87 
89 
83 










Mississippi 










86 


Louisiana 

Te.xas 










88 
81 

77 
83 


Oklahoma 










Arkansas 


70 


86 


70 
92 
95 
95 

95 
91 
99 

88 

95 
90 








Montana 


94 
95 
10 

85 
92 
94 








AYyomiug 
























Colorado 


89 


95 
96 


82 






95 

98 
96 

98 


84 

85 
87 
92 




■ 


90 
80 




New Mexico . . . 










73 

84 


Arizona 










" 


Utah 


90 
















Nevada 


















Idaho 


91 
90 
92 
91 

*3.9 










j 




94 
94 
93 
90 

89.4 


i 








Washington 










i 




93: 

92 
_£0, 

89. 8, 


92 
89 
93 

S9.8 


■ 


. ... 


Oregon 
















■" 


California 














90 

92.4 


97 
S2.6 


90 
85.1 


United States 


76.1 


76.1 


75.5 


88.5 


"•'1 


83.3 



34 farmers' bulletin 615. 

Table 23. — Prices paid to producers ofj'i.rvi products, by States. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 
Rhode Island . 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. 
North Carolina 
South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 



Michigan... 
Wisconsin.. 
Minnesota. 

Iowa 

Missoui'i 

North Dakota 
South Dakota, 
Nebraska . . 

Kansas 

Kentucky.. 

Tennessee. - 
Alabama.. . 
Mississippi . 
Louisiana . . 
Texas 

Oklahoma . 
Arkansas. . 
Montana . . . 
Wyoming. . 
Colorado . . . 

New Mexico 
Arizona . . 

Utah 

Nevada . . 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California. . 



July 15, 1914. 



Hogs. 



Beef 

cattle. 



c3 bti 



Sheep. 



Dollars. Ddtars. Dollars. 
7. 50 7. 25 7. oOiti. 75'4. 00 4. 4S 
8. 30 7. 92 7. 90 6. OS'o. 50 4. 93 



7. 70 7. 02 0. 00 
9.20 9.30,7.50 
9. (50 8. 50 7. 70 



4. 954. 30 
6.33!.. 
7. 67 5. 10 



Milch 
cows. 



Horses. 



c3 bsj 

<i> a 



Dollars. 
52.00 48.7 
02.00 51.25 
57.00 47.40 
70.00 51.00 
75.0061.67 



10. SO'S. 67 9. 00 8. 30 9. 00. ... 68. 70 59. 17' 
8. 00 7. 35 6. 20,5. 28 4. 50 4. 08'66. 00154. 15 
8. 30 8. 18 7. 20 6. 65' .... 5. 22172. .50'61. 40 
8. 30 7. 70 7. 50 6. 30 5. 40 4. 78163. 60 48. 70 
8. 00 8. 17 6. 50 5. 20 5. 30 4. 93^56. 00'41. 90 

I I I I I I 
8. 00 7. 92 7. 00 5. 60 .... 15. 20 50. 00 38. 82 

7. 70 7. 00 6. 30;4. 90 3. 90 3. 90|48. 00 37. 85 

7. 00,7. 35 6. 50 5. 15 4. 304. 00'52. 70 42. 20 

8. 20 7. 55 5. 204. 12 5. 00 4. 12'40. 00 33. 08 

7. 50 7. 22 4. 80 4. 20 5. 60 4. S2'41. 70 35. 65 

I I i I I > 
8. 00 7. 05 4. 80 3. 85 4. 00:4. 17i3S. 30 32. 82 
7. 10 6. 65'5. 50 4. 52 6. 00'4. 47|47. 70 38. 72 
8. 207. 58 7. 20 5. 82 4. 50 3. 88'61. 40 49. 18 
8. 20 7. 55'6. 90 5. 45 4. 1()'3. 7055. 50 46. 08 
8. 10 7. 40 7. 00 5. 80 4. 50 4. 05C.2. 00 50. 98 



7.80 7. 
7. 70 7. 
7. 50 7. 
8.00 7. 
7. 70 7. 

6.90'6. 
7.50 7. 
7.90 7. 
7.90 7. 
7.60|7. 

7.30,6. 

7. 0016. 
6. 40 6. 
6.90[5. 
7. 20 6. 



20 6. 
30 5. 
10 6. 
32 7. 
10 6. 

I 
5S'5. 
02 6. 
05 7. 
15 7. 
10 6. 

I 
70 5. 
70 4. 
40 4. 
92 5. 
62 5. 



80 5. 
80 4. 
00 4. 
70 5. 
90 5. 

90 4. 
60 5. 
10 5. 
005. 
50 4. 

I 
80 4. 
40 3. 
50 3. 
50 4. 
70' 4. 



18 4. 70'4. 
70 4. 803. 
40 4.60 4. 
95 4. 50 4. 
48 4.40 3. 

I I 
38 5.00] 4. 
15 5. 00 4. 
68'6.00 4. 
55'5..30 4. 
85 3. 70 3. 

I I 
25 3. 80 3. 
30 4. 80^3. 
42 4. 00 3. 
22 4. 90 3. 
28 5.00 4. 



28 62.00 46.65 
95 66.40 49.52 
25 63.10 44.15 
35 65.00 49.45 

95 56. 60!45. 68 

5o!65. Oo'46. 32 
20 65. 50; 45. 40 
S0't;7.00|48.60 
45(il.C.0'47.20 
48 52. 00 39. 08 

50 47. 50 37. 10 
90 39. 60 30. 80 
82 41. 50 30. 50 
75 40. 00 33. 70 
15 54.30 43.42 



7. 30i6. 92 5. 70 4. 40 5. 10 4. 20 
6. 2015. 82;4. 90 3. 70 3. 30 3. 70 
7. 50 7. 52-6. 90 5. 58 5. 00 5. 98 
7.20 7. 20:7.305. 12'5. SO 4. 92 
7. 70 7. 20! 7. 00 4. 68' 5. 00 4. 82 



8. 00 7. 25 
7.50 7.47 
7. 00 6. 9S 
8. 30 7. 57 



7. 00 5. 22 4. 80 
6. 20 5. 27 3. SO 
6. 10 5. 20 5. 20 
6. 30 5. 02 5. 00 



7.10 7.28 0.00 5.28 



7. 30 7. 721 
7. 10 7. 78^ 
8. 00 7. 12 



United States ' 7. 72 7. 13 

I 



6. 30 5. 60 
6. 20 5. 52 
6.50 



4.30 

4.50 
4.50 
4.90 



4.75 



4.48 
4.03 
5.42 
4.08 

4.72 
4.55 
4.55 
4.62 



55. 50 42. 28 
43.00,31.42, 

78.10 56.58 
80. 00] 56. 50 

75.00j54.55| 

61.00i.52.00 
90. 00 62. 50l 
60. 00 47. 151 
75. 00 60. 40 



Dollars. 
209: 206 



155 
179 
220 



220 
17ll 
200' 
175' 
142 
i 
135' 
145 
139 
162 
174 

167 
148: 
158: 
142: 
148 

175 
179| 
158 
154 
118' 

137 i 
129, 
125: 
117 

125 

137 
139 
120 
94 
95 



100 
125! 
91; 
110' 

69| 
122 
121 
125 



76. 00 57. 32 130 

78. 00 61. 40 125 

71. 00152. 25 94 

77. 00 54. lOi 124 



177 
160 
187 



Aug. 1, 1914. 



211 
176 
174 
175 
134 

145 
144 
145 
152 
174 

160 
148 
167 
1.53 
155 

174 
174 
166 
164 
124 

1.50 
137 
1.33 
128 
130 

146; 

14ll 
122 



106' 
112i 
139 
113' 
119| 

84J 
137 
II4I 

92 



Cents. 

30i 28 

32 30 

29, 28 

35; 33 

34 32 

34' 33 



Eggs. 



Cents. 
2.) 25 



23 23 
25 24 



24 23 

271 25 

24 24 

25 24 
22 20 

20! 20 

22 22: 



20 20 

22 20 

27! 30' 

28[ 29 



13 
15 
23 

23 j 
27: 20 



32 31 25 

34 34] 29 

30 29] 21 1 

32 35] 281 



1431 25 28' 211 

147, 28 30] 25 

117' 29 29 24 

139 28 28l 26 



Chic-k- 
ens. 



Cents. 
15.9,15.8 
16.014.9 
14.013.5 
IS. 5!l7.3 
21.0 17.0 

18.016.7 
16.2115.3 
18.9|l7.4 
15. 6! 13. 9 
19.013.4 

16.6;15.5 
15.2J14.3 
13. 9:12.8 
13. 112.0 

13.2 12.3 

14.4 12.7 
17.014.4 

13.3 12.0 
I2.4I11.4 
12.3 11.0 

12. S 11.4 
12.4|ll.8 
11.3 10.0 
11.510.3 

11.5 10.8 

10.4110.0 



9.7 
10.7 
10.4 



9.2 
9.9 
9.4 



14 12.611.3 
1514.011.3 
1612.7 11.9 



4. 52 .59. 67 46. 38 136. 97 143. 09 23. 7 23. 3 18. 2 17 

III I I 1 I I 



13.0 13.1 
10. o: 9.6 

9.9' 9.2 
12. 2 10. 2 
13.314.9 
13.5 1.5.0 
12.8 13.7 

13. 2 13. S 
17.016.9 
14.4 13.0 
18. 18. 8 

I 
11.8 12.1 
13.7 13.8 
13.212.7 
lt>. 14. 7 



12.811. 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 35 

Table 24. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Products. 



Hogs per 100 pounds 

Beef cattle do . . , 

Veal calves do . . 

Sheep do.. 

Lambs do. . 

Milch cows per head 

Horses do. . 

Honey, comb per pound 

Woolj unwashed do. . 

Apples per bushel 

Peaches do.. 

Tomatoes do . . 

Peanuts per pound 

Beans per bushel 

Sweet potatoes do . . 

Cabbages per 100 pounds 

Onions per bushel 

Clover seed do.. 

Timothy seed do.. 

Alfalfa seed do. . 

Broom corn per ton 

Cotton seed do.. 

Hops per poimd 

Paid by farmers: 

Clover seed. . .per bushel 

Timothy seed do.. 

Alfalfa seed do . . 

Bran per ton 



July 15. 



Aug. 15. 



1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1913 1912 



9.79 
2.99 
8.29 
26.36 



$7.i 

5.! 

7. 

4. 

6. 
54. 
143. 



12.12 
2.57 
9.41 

24.65 



00 1139. 

139 

1S9 

82 

12 

27 

049 

47 

13 

29 

14 

64 

96 

32 

00 I 68. 

04 22. 

289 . 



12.82 
6.59 
10.07 

28.41 



25. 80 



S8. 15 

4.84 

6.37 

5.47 

6.71 

42.86 

148. 00 

.131 

.190 

.77 



.052 
2.34 

.74 
2.27 
1.04 
7.17 



180. 00 



25.22 



11.94 
2.76 
10.06 
25.10 



Jime 15. 



1914 1913 1912 



S7.43 

6.32 

7.69 

4.70 

6.47 

59.82 

136. 00 

.138 

.184 

1.36 



.051 

2.23 

.92 

2.61 

1.41 

7.96 

2.23 

6.83 

88.00 

23.62 



11.78 
3.89 
10. 07 
27.41 



9.86 
2.98 
8.31 
27.75 



S7.61 

6.02 

7.53 

4.84 

6. .36 

55.20 

146. 00 

.139 

.156 

1.01 



.050 
2.23 

.91 
2.18 

.96 

9.77 

1.77 

8.08 

61.00 

21.54 

.141 



S6.65 

5.23 

6.33 

4.52 

6.02 

45.84 

145.00 

.140 

.187 

1.08 



12.47 
2.44 
9.73 

24.67 



.052 

2.62 

1.11 

2.67 

1.55 
11.69 

6.68 

8.47 ■ 
79.00 
19.24 



13.49 
7.37 
10.25 
29.35 



T.\BLE 25. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers. 



Product and market. 


Aug. 1, I'JM. 


July, 1914. 


June, 1914. 


July, 


1913. 


July, 1912. 


Wheat per bushel: 














No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . 


.SO. 81 -SO. 82 


.SO. 76 -«0. 91 


10. 75f-^. 97 


SO. 8:B -so. 90 


$0. 98 -.?1. 15J 


.\' 0. 2 red winter, Chicago 


.87J- .88i 


.77J- .9-5.^ 


.l^- .96| 


.M - 


.96 


. 97J- 1. 10* 
1. OfrJ- 1. 19i 


No. 2 red winter, New York ' . 


.95i- .96i 


.8Si- 1.02i 


. 96i- 1. 10 


.95J- 


.985 


Corn par bushel: 














No. 2 mi-xed, St. Louis 


.77i- .77i 


.67- .77§ 


.68i- .Til 


.61f- 


.66 


.69i- .77J 


No. 2, Chicago 


. 74 - . 74i- 


.67 J- .76 


.68i- .73i 


.60 - 


. 62.'> 


.69J- .75 


No. 2 mi.\ed. New "i ork i . . . . 












.76J- .84 


Oats per bushel: 












No. 2, St. Louis 


. 35 - . 35 


. 35 - . 38i 


,36J- .42* 


.32 - 


.51 


. 32 - .51 


No. 2, Chicago 


36i- 37 


.341- .39i 
. 55 - .72 


.361- .40| 
. 58 - .67 


.37J- 
.61 - 


i\7. 


42 57 


Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago. . . 


. 68 - .70 


.64.1 


.71i- .76 


Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- 














thy, Chicago 


17.50 -18.50 


14. 50 -18. 00 


14. 50 -16. 00 


13. 50 - 


7.50 


17.50 -22.00 


Hops, per pound: Choice, New 














York 


. 35 - .37 


.35 - .38 


. 36 - .40 


.17 - 


.21 


.28 - .38 


Wool per pound: 




Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. 


. 25 - . 25 


. 24 - . 25 


. 22 - . 25 


.20 - 


.21 


. 22 - .24 


Best tub washed, St. Louis. . 


. 32 - .33 


. 32 - .33 


. 30 - . 33 


.35 - 


.35 


.35 - .35 


Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 
















8. 40 - 8. 80 


8. 50 - 9. 50 


7. 80 - 8. 40 


8.75 - 


9.40 


7. 40 - 8. 20 


Butter per pound : 




Creamery, extra, New 1 ork. . 


.29.^ .30 


.26J- .29J 


.26i- .28 


.26 - 


.28.^ 


. 27 - . 27i 


Creamery, e.xtra, Elgin 


. 28 - .28 


. 26 - .28 


.26i- .27J 


.26 - 


.20i 


. 25 - . 254 


Eggs per dozen: 














Average bestfresh. New \ ork 


. 27 - . 32 


. 24 - . 31 


.22,1- .28 


.25 - 


.;33 


. 23 - . 31 


Average best fresh, St. Louis . 


. 19 - . 19 


.18- .19 


. 14 - . 18 


.14^- 


.17 


.14.'.- .17 


Cheese per pound: Colored.^New 














York 


.14J- AH 


.14- .141 


. 134- . 15 


. 13»- 


.14 


. 14-J- . 15i 







1 F. o. b. afloat. i 

2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August. | 



36 



FABMEES BULLETIN 615. 



Table 26. — The equivalent in yield per aere of 100 per cent condition on Sept. 1 in each 

State. 



State. 


Corn. 


Spring 
wheat . 


Oats. 


Bar- 
ley. 


Buck- 
wheat . 


Pota^ 
toes. 


Sweet 
pota- 
toes. 


To- 
bacco. 


Flax. 


Rice. 


Cot- 
ton. 


Maine 


Bu. 

48.5 
48.5 
46.5 
50.0 
43.0 

51.0 
45.0 
44.0 
49.0 
39.0 

42.0 
30.6 
37.0 
22.4 
22.0 

17.5 
16.0 
40.0 
45.0 
4,3.5 

41.5 
42.5 
40.0 
44.0 
38. 

32.0 
34.0 
35.5 
31.5 
34.2 

30.5 
20.0 
22.4 
25.5 
28.0 

30.0 
26.0 
.33.5 
28.0 
25.0 

31.0 
36.0 
.34.6 
35.0 
34.0 

32.0 
32.0 
41.0 


Bu. 
27.0 

'"2S.'6" 

'"2i.'6' 
1S.0 
19.0 

16.0 
15.8 
17.3 
18.5 

"28." 6' 
30.0 
29.0 

25. 5 
28.0 
30.0 
31.0 
29.0 

24.0 
22.0 


Bu. 
41.0 
.39.0 
41.5 
38.5 
35.0 

38.0 
37.5 
36.0 
36.3 
36.0 

33.8 
25.0 
28.0 
22.0 
26.0 

24.0 
20.0 
41.5 
39.0 

41.5 

39.0 
40.5 
41.0 
39.0 
35.0 

36.5 
35.5 
36.0 
36.5 
29.0 

26.0 
23.0 
24.0 
26.5 
42.0 

39.0 
30.0 
50.5 
41.0 
45.0 

41.0 
45.0 
48.0 
45.0 
48.0 

54.0 
40.5 
41.0 


Bu. 
31.5 
29.0 
34.5 


Bu. 
34.0 
31.5 
27.5 
23.3 


Bu. 
240 
160 
155 
145 
160 

140 
123 
132 
120 
122 

119 
108 
117 
100 
106 

94 

no 

116 
119 
113 

132 
135 
132 
125 
105 

122 
103 
102 
97 
101 

94 
99 
109 
91 

87 

90 
98 
. 175 
155 
145 

115 
119 
190 
172 

192 

180 
150 
150 


Bu. 


Lbs. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Us. 


New Hampshire 




1,900 
1,900 
1,900 








Vermont 








Massachusetts 








Rhode Island 








Connecticut 


""si.'o' 

"'29.'5' 

33.0 
30.0 


21.7 
26.5 
20.5 
24.5 
22.5 

21.5 
22.0 
26.0 
22.0 


'"VbK 
134 
145 

144 
119 
128 
113 
113 

102 
123 
127 
130 
125 


1,900 
1,470 








New York 








New Jersey 








Pennsylvania 


1,650 








Delaware 








Maryland 


900 
EOO 
940 
810 
930 

900 

950 

1,100 

1,100 

930 








Virginia 






275 


West Virginia 








North Carolina 

South Carolina 





31.5 
29.0 

33.0 
30.0 


305 
230 








250 


Florida 





155 


Ohio 


33.0 
31.5 
33.0 

30.0 
33.5 
31.0 
31.5 

28.5 

28.5 
29.0 
29.5 
29.0 
30.0 

29.5 


23.5 
21.0 
22.5 

19.5 
19.0 
20.3 
19.5 
19.0 

"22.'o' 
17.5 

19.0 




Indiana 








nimois 








Michigan 








Wisconsin 


; 1,470 


15.5 
11.7 
12.4 
9.6 

10.8 
10.4 
10.1 
9.1 






Minnesota 






Iowa 


124 
120 


1,266" 






Missouri 




360 


North Dakota 




South Dakota 








Nebraska 


115 
120 

107 

105 
110 
110 
102 
105 

123 
114 


"1,676" 

930 

700 






Kansas 






Kentucky.. 












245 


Alabama 




34.0 
36.0 
37.5 
39.0 

""43."o' 


232 






265 




1 


590 
820 

"'"846" 


13.0 

ii."7" 


260 


Texas 


34.0 1 

34.0 

1 


242 


Oklahoma 


255 


Arkansas 


254 




37.5 
3.5.5 
40.0 

37.0 
41.0 
43.0 
41.0 
44.0 

43.0 
38.5 
33.0 


::::::: 




Wj'oming . 















9.0 








, 180 
150 


















Utah . 


























































California.. 


175 






54.0 












United States.... 


34.7 


IS.O 


38.4 


31.9 




129.3 


113.7 


1,021 


11.0 


38.8 


259.7 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



37 





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THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



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THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



41 




WASHIXGTOX : GOVERXXIEXT rRIXTIXG OFFICE : 19U 






U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE^.^' 





Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, ChieU"' 
September 16, 1914. 

THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 

Page. 

General review of crop conditions, September 1, 1911 1 

Cotton conditions, August 25, 1914, with comparisons 3 

Trend of prices of farm products 4 

Sugar-beet prospects 5 

Florida and California crop report 5 

Honey production 6 

Conference on the cotton marketing situation 8 

The hog supply 15 

The apple crop 15 

The 1914 crops in England 16 

Marketing the apple crop 16 

Condition, production, forecast, and prices of specified crops (tables) 22 

Prices of farm products (tables) 32 

The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cent condition on October 1 34 

Crop conditions September 1, 1914, chart 35 

Temperature and precipitation, charts 36 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF OCTOBER CROP REPORTS. 

A report showing the condition of the cotton crop on September 25 will be issued by the Bureau of Crop 
Estimates of the Department of Agricultvu-e on Friday, October 2, at 12 noon (eastern time), the date 
announced for the Census Bureau's report of cotton ginned. An act of Congress requires that the condi- 
tion reports of the cotton crop shall be issued on the same day in October each year as the first ginners' 
report of actual cotton ginned. This will be the last regular cotton condition report of the season. The 
estimate of total production will be made in December. 

On "SV'ednesday, October 7, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), there will be issued a crop summary, as follows: 
Condition, either on October 1 or at time of harvest, of corn, buckwheat, potatoes, tobacco, flaxseed, apples, 
rice; yield per acre, total production (preliminary estimate), and quality of spring wheat, oats, and barley. 

A supplemental report will be issued, giving a general review of the crop situation as of October 1, which 
will include the following crops: Condition, either on October 1 or at time of harvest, of clover seed, swe'el 
potatoes, grapes, pears, cranberries, oranges, lemon.s, sugar cane, sorghum, sugar beets, peanuts; production, 
compared with a full crop (by percentages), of alfalfa seed, millet, kafir com, tomatoes, cabbages, onions, 
beans, hemp, broom corn; average yield per acre and quality of hops. 



GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS, SEPTEMBER 1, 1914. 

The month of August was generally favorable for crops in the 
Southern States and unfavorable m the Northern States. Important 
losses are shown in corn and spring wheat, and wonderful improve- 
ment shown in cotton. The net result is a slight decline, the com- 
posite condition of all crops September 1 being 2.1 per cent below 
60630°— Bull. 620—14 1 



* 2 



FAEMEES BULLETIN C20. 



the 10-year September 1 averafre, vhereas the August 1 condition 
was 2 per cent below the August 1 lO-year average. Prospects are 
for crop yields averaging 4.9 per cent better than last .year, which 
was a poor crop 3'ear. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates makes 
the following estimates from reports of its correspondents and agents: 

Table \.— Estimated condition and acreage of specified crops: Total for the United States. 



Crop. 



Condition in percentage of normal. 



Sept. 1, 
1914. 



Sept. 1, 
1913. 



Sept. 1, 
10-y. av. 



Aug. 1, 
1914. 



Acreage, 1914. 



Per cent 
of 1913. 



Acres. 



Winter wheat. 
Spring wheat.. 

All wheat 

Com 

Oats 



Barley 

Rye 

Buckwheat 

White potatoes. 
Sweet potatoes. 



Tobacco 

Flax 

Rice 

Hay (tame). 

Cotton 

Apples 



175.3 



71.7 
175.8 



182.4 



65.1 
1 74.0 



87.1 
75.8 
81.8 

71.4 
72.9 
88.9 



75.4 
69.9 
81.4 

74.5 
74.9 

88.0 



2 78.0 
61.9 



2 6S. 2 
47.7 



79.4 

I 79.1 



180.2 



85.4 
78.0 
85.2 

80.6 
80.4 
88.7 



273.4 
53.6 



75.5 



74.8 
79.4 



85.3 



88.8 
79.0 
75.5 

66.5 
82.1 
87.6 
86.7 
!76.4 
61.3 



111.6 
97.3 

106.4 
99.3 

100.0 

100.4 
99.1 
98.9 

101.1 
94.9 

94.6 
84.1 

85.2 
98.9 
98.7 



35,387,000 
17,990,000 
53,377,000 
105,067,000 
38,383,000 

7,528,000 
2,533,000 

796,000 
3, 708, 000 

593,000 

1,151,000 

1,927,000 

704,800 

48,400,000 

36, 960, 000 



1 Condition at time of harvest. 



2 Condition 25th of preceding month. 



Table 2. — Estimated yields indicated by the condition of specified crops on Sept. 1. 1914, 
final yields in preceding years, for comparison, and farm price Sept. 1, 1914: Total for 
the United States. 



Crop. 



Winter wheat. 
Spring wheat.. 

All wheat 

Com 

Oats 



Barley 

Rye 

Buckwheat 

White potatoes. 
Sweat potatoes. 



Tobacco lbs.. 

Flax 

Rice 

Hay (tame) . . . tons. . 
Apples bush.. 



Yield per acre. 



Buf:n. 

2 19.1 

12.2 
10. 8 
24.9 
29.1 

26.3 
2 11). 8 
21.5 
98.0 
93.0 

729.0 

8.0 

34.5 

2 1.42 



1909-1913 
average. 



Bvsh. 
15.6 
13.3 
14.7 
25.9 
30.6 

24.3 
16.1 
20.5 
97.1 
92.7 

815.1 
7.8 
33.3 
1.34 



Total production (in millions of 
bushels). 



1914 1 



Sep- 
tember 
fore- 
cast. 



2 675 

221 

896 

2,598 

1,116 

200 
243 

17 
371 

55 

862 

15 

24 

2 69 

220 



August 
forecast. 



2 675 

236 

911 

2,634 

1,153 

203 
243 

17 
370 

50 

791 
17 
24 



1913, 
final. 



523 

240 

763 

2,447 

1,122 

178 
41 
14 

332 
59 

954 
18 
26 
64 

145 



1909-1913 

average, 

final. 



441 

245 

686 

2,708 

1,131 

182 
35 
17 

357 
58 

996 
20 
24 
66 

176 



Farm price Sept. 1. 



1914 



Cents. 



93.3 

81.5 
42.3 

52.5 
75.4 
79.8 
74.9 
92.7 



$11.91 
"68.6 



Cents. 



77.1 
75.4 
39.3 

.W. 2 
63.0 
70.0 
75.3 



127.8 



$11. 89 
375.2 



1909-1913 
average. 



Cents. 



87.7 
71. 2 
39.1 

59.5 
71.4 
74,0 



167.4 



$12. 04 
372.4 



Interpreted from condition reports. 



2 Preliminary estimate. 



3 Average Aug. 15. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 

Table 3. — Growing condition of spedjied crops Sept. 1, expressed in percentages of 
their 10-year average (not the normal) on Sept. 1, and the improvement (+) or decline 
{ — ) during August: Total for the United States. 



Crop. 



Peaches >■ 

Apples 

Cranberries 

Cantaloupes i . 

Grapes 

Kafir corn 

Cotton 

Hay 

Watermelons ' 

Lemons 

Alfalfa 1 

Pears 

Broomcorn 



Condi- 
tion in 
percent- 
age of 
lO-ycar 
aver- 
age, 
Sept. 1. 



116.0 
115. 5 
115.3 
108.1 

107.8 
107.2 
106.3 
106.0 

105.8 
105.6 
105.2 
105.0 
104.1 



Change 
during 
August. 



+ 


2.2 


+ 3.1 
+ 3.4 
+ 10.8 




+ 


0.2 



+ 5.3 
+ 4.1 



Crop. 



Millet 

Sugar beets 

Barley 

Buckwheat , 

Oranges 

Peanuts 

Beans (dry) 
Rice 

Tomatoes.. 
Potatoes . . . 
Cabbages... 
Onions 



Condi- 
tion in 
percent- 
age of 
10-year 
aver- 
age, 
Sept.l. 



103. 4 
103. 
102.7 
102.0 

101.5 
101.4 
101.1 
100.2 

97.5 
97.2 
97.1 
97.0 



Change 
during 
August. 



+2.6 
-0.4 
-1.2 

+ 2.3 

-0.7 
+ 4.3 
-0.7 
+ 1.1 

+ 4.0 
+2.1 
+ 1.9 
+3.6 



Crop. 



Sorghum 

Lima beans. ..' 

Clover seed 

Sweet potatoes 

Oats 

Sugar cane 

Pla.x 

Corn 

Spring wheat. . 

Tobacco 

Hemp 

Hops 



Condi- 
tion in 
percent- 
age of 
10-year 
aver- 
age > 
Sept.l. 



97. 
96. 9 
96. 5 
96.0 

95.8 
91.8 
90.7 
90.3 

88. S 
88.6 
88. 5 
88. 5 



Change 
during 
August. 



+ 5.6 
+ 6.0 



+ 8.7 

- 2.3 

+ 6.5 
-8.7 

- 1.0 

- 5.5 
+ 7.0 
+ 6.3 
-11.5 



1 Production compared with full crop. 

Table 4. — Combined condition of all crops (100 = average), and change during August, 

by States. 



State. 


Com- 
bined 
condi- 
tion 
(per 
cent). 


Change. 


State. 


Com- 
bined 
condi- 
tion 
(per 
cent). 


Change. 


State. 


Com- 
bined 
condi- 
tion 
iPer 
cent). 


Change. 




108. 8 
108.0 
96.8 
111.2 
106.0 

108. 8 
103.7 
106.7 
103. 2 
105.7 
110,2 

85.6 
86.4 
101.1 
99.9 
103.3 
100.0 


- 0.3 

- 5.9 

- 1.6 
+ 4.9 
+ 10.2 

+ 5.3 
+ 0.3 
+ 2.6 

- 1.7 
+ 0.5 

- 1.6 

- 7.1 
+ 1.3 
+ 1.5 
+ 3.2 
+ 5.1 
+ 1.7 


Ohio 


96.2 
8(1.3 
81.6 
108. 1 
101.8 

91.0 
97.3 
80.8 
98.9 
95.4 
99.7 

118.7 
90.4 
94.3 
98.3 
98.9 
96.2 


+ 0.1 

- 0.6 

- 2.3 

- 1.2 

- 5.5 

- 3.4 

- 7.4 

- 8.2 

- 8.5 
+ 1.4 

- 5.9 

- 4.2 
+ 11.1 
+ 10.2 
+ 4.0 
+ 3.2 
+ 3.9 


Texas 


104.8 
102. 3 

92. r, 

91.5 
99.5 

106.5 
111.3 
97.7 
98.7 
118. 9 
95.0 

102.4 
94.2 
108.5 


+ 15 5 


New Jlampsliire 
Vermont 


Indiana 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona.. . 


+ 90 




+ 90 


Massachusetts. . . 
Bhode Island . . . 

Connecticut 

Nev,f York 


Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 


- 4.6 
+ 0.6 

- 5.7 
1 7 


New Jersey 


Mis.souri 


— 3 3 


Pennsvlvania... 


North Dakota... 
South Dakota... 
Nebraska 


Utah 


— 6.5 


Delaware 


Nevada 


+ 14 1 


Maryland 


Idaho 


— 5.1 




Washington 

Oregon 


8 


West Vii'ginia... 


Kentucky 

Teimesse'e 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 


— 6.4 


North Carolina.. 


California 

United States . 


+ 0.1 




97.9 


1 


Florida 









COTTON CONDITION AUGUST 25, 1914, WITH COMPARISON. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates esti- 
mates, from the reports of the correspondents and agents, that the 
condition of the cotton crop on August 25 was 78 per cent of a normal, 
as compared with 76.4 on July 25, 1914, 68.2 on August 26, 1918, 
74.8 on August 25, 1912, and 73.4, the average on August 25 of the 
past 10 years. 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 620. 
Table 5. — Conditicn cf the cotton crop and farm price, by States. 



State. 



Aug. 
25, 1914. 



July 
25, 1914. 



Aug. 25. 



10-year 
aver- 
age. 



Farm price. 



Sect. 1, 
1914. 



Aug.l, 
1914. 



Sept. 1— 



Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Missouri 

Okfahoma 

California 

United States 



76 
71 
72 

73 
75 
75 
100 



95 



9.6 
9.6 
S. 7 
7.9 
13.0 

8.5 
9.1 

10.0 
8.3 

10.0 

10.1 

8.0 



12.2 
12.5 
12.9 
12.9 
17.0 

12. S 
12. 5 
12. 2 
12^0 
11.7 

12.5 
12.1 
12.0 



12.6 
11.8 
11.7 
11.7 
14.0 

11.6 
12.0 
11.8 
11.9 
11.7 

11.8 
11.5 
11.7 



11.1 
11.5 
11.7 
11.4 
14.0 

11.1 
11.5 
11.0 
11.1 
11.2 

11.1 
9.2 
11.5 



11.8 



11.3 



Table 6. — Condition of the cotton crop monthly and the estimated yield per acre for the 

past 10 years. 



TOTAL FOR THE UNITED STATES. 



Year. 


May 25. 


June 25. 


July 25. 


Aug. 25. 


Sept. 25. 


Yield per 
acre. 


1913 


79.1 
78.9 
87.8 
82.0 
81.1 

79.7 
70.5 
84.6 

83! 


81.8 
80.4 
88.2 
80.7 
74.6 

SI. 2 
72.0 
.83.3 
77.0 
88.0 


79.6 
76.5 
89.1 
75.5 
7L9 

83.0 
75.0 
82.9 
74.9 
91.6 


68.2 
74.8 
73.2 
72.1 
63.7 

76.1 
72.7 
77.3 
72.1 
84.1 


64.1 
69.6 
71.1 
65.9 
58.5 

69.7 
67.7 
71.6 
71.2 

75.8 


Lbs. lint. 
182.0 


1912 


190.9 


1911 


207. 7 


1910 


170.7 


1909 


154.3 


190S 


194.9 


1907 


178.3 


1906 


202.5 


1905 


186.1 


1904 


204.9 






A\-erage, 1904-13 


80.4 


80.7 


80.0 


73.4 


08.5 


187. 2 







TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops decreased about 2.7 per cent during August; in the 
past 6 years the price level has decreased during August 2.4 per cent. 

On September 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 3.7 per 
cent higher than a year ago, 2.7 per cent higher than 2 years ago, and 
3.9 per cent higher than the average of the past 6 years on Septem- 
ber 1, 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals increased 3.0 per cent during the month from July 15 to 
August 15. This compares with an average advance from July 15 
to August 15 in the past four years of 0.8 per cent. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 

On August 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — 
hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.63 per 100 pounds, which 
compares with S7.20 a year ago, $6.56 two years ago, $5.87 three years 
ago, and $6.67 four years ago on August 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown on pages 32 and 33. 



SUGAR-BEET PROSPECTS. 

The condition of sugar beets September 1 was 92.5 per cent of a 
normal. This forecasts a yield per acre of about 10.4 tons. The 
actual outturn will likely be above or below this amount according 
as conditions at harvest are better or worse than usual. A yield of 
10.4 tons on the estimated planted acreage, 520,600 acres, amounts 
to 5,414,000 tons, or 52,000 tons more than were indicated by the 
condition of the growing beets on August 1. But there is usually 
some abandonment of acreage, the average in recent years being 10 
per cent. Assuming an average abandonment of 10 per cent, there 
would result about 4,873,000 tons of sugar beets. The production 
in 1913 was 5,659,000 tons, which produced 1,466,802,000 pounds of 
sugar. 



FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table 7. — Crop conditions in Florida and California. 





Florida. 


California. 


Crop. 


Condition Sept 1— 


Condi- 
tion 

Aug. 1, 
1914. 


Condition Sept. 1— 


Condi- 
lion 




1914 


1913 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1912 


Aug. 1, 
1914. 


Oranges 


87 


89 


97 


87 


89 
92 


76 
61 


87 
89 


88 


Lemons. . 


91 


Limes 


85 
87 
75 
80 


ioo 

84 
45 
68 


95 
94 
79 
80 


88 
88 




Grapefruit 










Peaches, production > 


94 
95 
84 
95 
97 
80 
74 
87 
84 
84 


65 

89 
73 
82 
86 
65 
70 
78 
55 
77 


85 
92 
85 
86 
89 
83 
89 
80 
83 
86 




Peaches, quality 






Pears. . 




84 


Watermelons' 


74 

68 


79 
73 


80 
68 












Apricots. ... .J 




77 


Prunes 










73 


Olives 










85 


Almonds 










83 


Walnuts 


1 






82 


Velvet beans 


88 92 




86 




Grapes: 

For wine 


89 
90 
91 


80 
75 
SO 


87 
85 

87 


93 


For raisms 








91 


For table 


1 






93 











1 Production compared with a full crop. 



6 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 620. 

HONEY PRODUCTION. 

The results of the first inquiry of the Bureau of Crop Estimates on 
honey production are presented in Table 8. The figures given are 
based upon estimates received from the bureau's regular corps of 
correspondents and from a large special list of bee keepers. The 
number and character of the reports received insure that the figures 
given fairly reflect the relative yield per colony this year and last, 
with the one exception that the fall flow this autumn may increase 
somewhat the yields for 1914. The returns were particularly full and 
adequate from all of the important honey-producing sections. 

The yield is based on the total honey surplus (removed or to be 
removed from the hive) divided by the number of colonies remaining 
at the close of last winter. 

The honey yield in the white-clover belt of the central northern 
States has been very disappointing, especially when compared with 
the abundant yield last year and also with the unusually bright 
prospects early in the present year. Through many portions of this 
belt the crop failed entirely. The yields in the more northern States, 
where the dependence upon white clover is not so great, were fair, 
though generally somewhat under those of last year. 

The yields in the important honey-producing regions of southern 
California and southern Texas were good. The alfalfa yield in 
Colorado and Utah was fair, tliough not equal to last year. The 
South Atlantic and east Gulf States have yields about the same as 
last year — near an average crop. 

An interesting fact, developed by this inquiry, is that the propor- 
tion of comb and ' 'chunk" honey is decreasing and that the extracted 
is increasing. Testimony from the producers of bee keepers' supplies 
is corroborative of this finding. 

The practical failure of honey production in much of the white- 
clover belt should put bee keepers there on the alert to supplement 
the bees' scanty fall stores with sirup to prevent winter loss from 
starvation, unless the fall flow should prove unexpectedly abundant. 
Though the cost of sugar is high, a good colony of bees is worth much 
more than the cost of furnishing full stores for the winter. 

A special report from Porto Rico shows continued large increases 
in the number of colonies of bees in that island, which fact is reflected 
in the phenomenal increase in export of honey and beeswax, the 
value of which has increased from about S5,000 to $100,000 during 
the past six years. A good strong colony in Porto Eico is expected 
to produce about 300 pounds of honey a year, the nectar flow, largely 
from flowering trees, being practically continuous throughout the 
year. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 7 

Table 8. — Honey — Yield per colony and proportion of crop in comb, extract, and chxink, 
1914. with comparisons. 



State. 



Yield per 
colony. 



1914 



1913 



Form of honey produced. 



Proportions in 1914. 



Comb. Extract. Chunk 



Proportions in 1909. 



Comb. Extract.! Chunk. 



Maine 

New Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 



Coimecticut... 

New York 

New Jersey. . . 
Pennsylvania . 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia . 
Florida. 

Ohio 

Indiana. 
Illinois.. 



Michigan.. 
Wisconsin . 
Minnesota . 

Iowa 

Missouri . . . 



North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee.. 
Alabama. . . 
Mississippi . 
Louisiana.. 
Texas 



Oklahoma. 
Arkansas... 
Montana . . . 
Wyoming.. 
Colorado... 



New Mexico. 

Arizona , 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California . . . 



Lbs. 
45 
27 
39 
25 
40 

28 
20 
10 
35 
15 

30 
30 
25 
35 
25 

30 
42 
17 
14 
12 

37 
45 
35 
20 
5 



Lbs. 
38 
27 
33 
31 
45 

35 
37 
40 
45 

21 

40 
38 
20 
25 
25 

30 
50 
50 
60 
60 

50 
60 
60 
65 
30 



Per ct. 

80 



Per ct. 
15 



Per ct. 

5 



Perct. 

80 



65.9 

66.9 

5 

48 
47 
25 
65 



28. 1 
32.4 
95 

47 
50 
75 
29 



6 

0.7 





United States. 



50 
70 
70 
75 

55 
45 
40 
36 



22 
42 
28 
33 

23 

41 

26 

100 

51 

17 
15 



30 

61 
94 
83 



Per ct. 
20 



20 



40.6 



28.8 

12 

90 

33 
38 
35 
21 



95 

2S 

01 
90 
100 



The receipts of butter and eggs at five primary markets, as reported 
to the Bureau of Crop Estimates, for August, 1914, Avere: Butter, 
12,613,611 pounds; eggs, 319,873 cases. The average receipts for 
August during the five years 1910-1914 were: Butter, 13,569,915 
pounds; eggs, 299,375 cases. 



8 FAEMEES BULLETIN G20. 

CONFERENCE ON THE COTTON MARKETING SITUATION. 

By Charles J. Brand, Chief. Office of Markets. 

The proper marketing of the cotton crop, &n unsolved problem 
even in times of peace, has been made infinitely more difficult and 
almost impossible by the war in Europe. The gravity of the situation, 
due to the interruption of the export business, not only to the cotton 
industry, but also to the whole business structure of the country, led 
Secretary of the Treasury McAdoo to call a conference to advise with 
him as to remedial measures that might be taken. About 1 50 persons, 
representative of all of the interests in the cotton trade, were in 
attendance at the meetings at the Pan American Building on August 
24 and 25, 1914. 

Recently in normal years about two-thirds of the crop has gone 
abroad. The value of this export has amounted to from $500,000,000 
to $600,000,000 per year. Last year it approximated the latter 
figure, about 8,700,000 bales of our 14,000,000-bale crop going into 
foreign commerce, while roughly 5,300,000 bales were used at home. 
Of the quantity exported something less than 7,000,000 bales went to 
the countries now in a state of war. England, with takings of about 
3,500,000 bales, is, of course our greatest customer. Germany directly 
imports considerably less than half that quantity and ranks second. 

The problem so far as the United States is concerned is further 
complicated by the Indian and other crops, totaling between 7,000,000 
and 8,000,000 bales, many of which are without their usual market, 
thus necessarily adding to the pressure on the price of an international 
crop like cotton. 

The disturbed and panicky spirit that appeared to some extent during 
the first day of the conference disappeared on the second. This 
change has been reflected in the country at large, not so much because 
of the things specifically accomplished by the meeting, as on account 
of the clearing away of a multitude of rather impractical and impru- 
dent expedients that had been suggested and championed by various 
individuals and interests as remedies. It is rather characteristic of 
American business to lay to and do things as soon as it is clear what 
can be done under a given set of conditions. 

Many estimates have been made as to th& surplus of our crop that 
must be taken care of until better conditions j^revail. The general 
opinion of the representatives of the producing, banking, manufactur- 
ing, and other interests at the conference indicated that a volume of 
from 4,000,000 to 5,000,000 bales would have to be provided for in 
some way. 

It is estimated that of the 143,000,000 spindles in the world, 50,000,- 
000 are in countries that are at peace; 32,000,000 of these are in 
the United States and 18,000,000 in other countries. As there are 
6,000,000 spindles in India working almost wholly on coarse goods, 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 

and over 2,000,000 in Japan, there remain only 10,000,000 outside of 
these three countries. 

Some American mills are closing down, others are working only part 
time, or with reduced force. They are buying naturally rather on a 
hand-to-mouth basis. Spinners, exceptin the distinctly standard lines, 
feel that they must have orders in hand to justify manufacture. The 
problem then from the standpoint of any help the mills can give is to 
get orders. No effort should be spared in this direction. The De- 
partment of Commerce is helping so far as lies within its authority in 
opening up new foreign markets, but private initiative must not wait 
for too much government help in such a situation. 

If the quantity to be carried over until next year is to be reduced to 
a minimum, American mills must increase their production to at least 
full capacity of present spindles. Japan, with a total spindleage only 
about 200,000 greater than that of Georgia, is reported as working 
overtime. In the interruption of the movement of goods in. the regu- 
lar channels of trade, in common with all neutrals, the United States 
has suffered seriously and manufacturers and sales agencies have not 
yet been able to open up new markets. Furthermore, many cases are 
reported in which orders even from other countries on the American 
continent have been canceled. The closely intermingled commercial 
relations that exist are well shown by tlie fact that the cancellation of 
European orders for copper from Bolivia have brouglit about the can- 
cellation of orders for cotton goods from certain American mills, 
resulting in at least one case in a complete shutdown. 

A considerable part of the discussion during the conference had 
for its object the obtainmg for State banks which are not under the 
control of the Comptroller of the Currency of the same privileges as 
are accorded to National banks. The Secretary of the Treasury 
made it perfectly clear that there is no legislation under which such 
action could be taken, even if it were considered desirable. However, 
it was pointed out that State banks would not be v.dthout relief on 
this account as they are largely customers of National banks which 
would be in a position to accept their paper. 

So far as warehousmg facilities are concerned, the discussion at 
the conference developed the general lack of adequate facilities for 
protecting the cotton crop. Certain of the States, notably Georgia, 
are rather well supplied, but there naturally exists no organization 
through whose instrumentality there can be brought about the com- 
plete utilization of the warehouses that we have. The opinion 
appeared to prevail among many in attendance at the conference 
that the passage of the warehouse legislation pendmg in Congress 
might assist somewhat in a more efficient utilization of present space. 

There is a general absence of public bonded warehouses throughout 
the cotton belt because of the unusual number of defalcations and 
malfeasances that have occurred in the cotton-warehouse business. 
60630°— BuIL 620—14 2 



10 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 620. 

Bonding companies ha^'e been loath to extend their surety in the 
cotton trade. Warehousing operations will be promoted to the great- 
est extent in those States whose laws afford most adequate protection 
for the surety companies. The prevention of fraud in the matter 
of warehouse receipts is more important than t»he question of the 
character of the warehouse itself. As pointed out in the conference, 
it is not necessary that cotton be stored in bonded, brick, frame, or 
corrugated-iron warehouses. A floor which will keep the cotton off 
the ground, a covering which will keep off the rain, and a fence and 
a guard that will prevent theft are all that are absolutely necessary 
in the way of buildings, though they do not represent the most desir- 
able degree of protection. But protection against the fraudulent use 
of warehouse receipts is absolutely essential. 

The conference itself to some extent and subsequent smaller con- 
ferences have developed the difficulties that are bound to arise in 
connection with the insuring of the lai-ge quantity of cotton which 
may be held over. The proper protection of say $200,000,000 worth 
of cotton presents some difficult problems in insurance, especially in 
connection with warehousing. In normal times 60 per cent of the 
crop goes abroad and is covered by marine uisurance from the time 
it is delivered to the carrier at interior pomts until it arrives at its 
foreign destmation. This year it seems likely that only a small per- 
centage of such protection ^^dll be in effect at any one time. The 
hazards are not only those of construction, location, safeguarding of 
warehouses, and the like, but there has always been in times past a 
largely increased moral hazard which arises especially when the price 
that may be ob tamed for cotton falls below the insurance upon it. 

It may be said that both the bonding and msurance mterests have 
expressed a desire and willmgness to lend all possible assistance com- 
patible with good business policy. 

The holding over of a large portion of this year's product consti- 
tutes a grave danger to future crops, which was seriously discussed 
by some of the speakers at the conference. It was assumed that 
there would be a very large reduction in acreage next year unless a 
cessation of hostilities brought about a speedy return to normal con- 
ditions. It is difficult to estimate the value of the factors on which 
such an assumption is based, and it seems that there should be definite 
w^ork in aU of the cotton States having in mind positive action toward 
increasing the production of food and forage crops and reducing cot- 
ton acreage correspondingly. 

A subject scarcely touched upon at the conference is the acute 
situation that prevails in the cotton-seed trade. Interior points at 
which prices of from $18 to $24 per ton prevailed at this time last 
year are quoted at the present time anywhere from $4 to $12 below 
last year's prices. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 11 

The fertilizer interests of the country, which have a very acute 
interest in the marketing of the cotton crop on account of the fact 
that they advance from S60,000,000 to $75,000,000 worth of fertihzer 
a year to help make the crop, were represented at the conference. 
Their general position necessarily favored action looking toward at 
least reasonable recognition by the Treasury Department of commer- 
cial paper based on cotton. 

In addition to Secretary McAdoo, Secretary Houston, Postmaster 
General Burleson, and the whole membership of the Federal Reserve 
Board were present at the conference. Certain of Secretary McAdoo's 
statements in connection with the matter are of such importance 
they are quoted herewith: 

Among the eligible securities to be used as a basis for the issue of currency, I have 
decided to accept from National banks, through their respective National Currency 
Associations, notes, secured by warehouse receipts, for cotton or tobacco, and having 
not more than four months to run, at 75 per cent of their face value. The banks and 
the assets of all banks belonging to the currency association will be jointly and sever- 
ally liable to the United States for the redemption of such additional circulation and 
a lien will extend to and cover the assets of all banks belonging to the association and 
to the securities deposited by the banks with the association, pursuant to the provi- 
sions of law, but each bank composing such association will be liable only in propor- 
tion that its capital and surplus bear to the aggregate capital and surplus of all such 
banks. 

This plan ought to enable the farmers to pick and market the cotton crop if the 
bankers, merchants, and cotton manufacturers will cooperate ■with each other and 
with the farmers, and will avail of the relief offered by the Treasury within reasonable 
limits. Such cooperation is earnestly urged upon all these interests. The farmer 
can not expect as high a price for cotton this year because of the European war, yet 
he should not be forced to sacrifice his crop. The banker and the merchant should 
not exact excessive rates of interest, and the manufacturers should replenish their 
stocks as much as possible and pay reasonable prices for the product. If this is done, 
and it can be done if every one displays a helpful spirit, a normal condition can be 
restored and there ought to be no serious difficulty in taking care of the cotton problem. 

This is a time when the entire country expects that purely selfish interests shall be 
subordinated to the common good; that undue advantage shall not be taken of the 
necessities of each other. I am happy to say that this spirit seemed to animate those 
who attended the so-called cottton conference held at my request in Washington on 
August 24 and 25. 

Since the law leaves it entirely in the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury to 
issue or not to issue the currency to which I have referred, I shall not hesitate to refuse 
it if I am convinced that it will be used merely for speculative purposes instead of for 
the operation of harvesting and carrying the crop until a reasonable market can be 
found and for the needs of legitimate business. 

It is not my purpose to prescribe the character of warehouses in which cotton and 
tobacco may be stored. The banks will be relied upon to see that warehouse receipts 
issued by responsible warehousemen or warehouse companies alone are accepted, and 
that the cotton and tobacco stored in such warehouses is covered by adequate fire 
insurance and is protected against injury by the elements. 

In order to obtain such currency the following things should be observed by banks 
applying therefor: 

1. Not less than 10 National banks in any given territory, each having an unim- 
paired capital and surplus of not less than 20 per cent, desiring such currency shall 
form a National currency association, with an aggregate capital and surplus of not 



1-2 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 620. 

le&3 tjian $5,000,000, as required by the act. Full particulars and blank forms for this 
purpose may be had upon application to the Comptroller of the Currency, Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

2. Any National currency association fonned in accordance with law will receive 
the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. Already 37 such associations have been 
organized in the various States. 

3. Under the law the Secretary of the Treasury may accept as security for currency — 
(fl) Bonds of any State or of any city, town, county, or other legally constituted 

municipality or district in the United States which has been in existence for a period 
oi 10 years and which, for a period of 10 years previous to such deposit as security, has 
not defaulted in the payment of any part of either principal or interest of any funded 
debt authorized to be contracted by it, and whose net funded indebtedness does not 
exceed 10 per cent of the valuation of its taxable property, to be ascertained by the 
last preceding valuation of property for the assessment of taxes. 

(h) Any securities, including commercial paper, approved by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, held by a national bank and made available through a National currency 
association under the direction and control of the Secretary of the Treasury, at not 
exceeding 75 per cent of the cash value of such securities or commercial paper. 

(c) No National bank shall be permitted to issue circulating notes based on commer- 
cial paper alone in excess of 30 per cent of its unimj^aired capital and surplus. 

4. The total amount of currency issuable to any bank, including its circulating 
notes issued against United States bonds, shall not be more than 125 per cent of its 
unimpaired capital and surplus. 

5. Each bank or currency association receiving currency must maintain in the Treas. 
ury at Washington a redemption fund in gold of at least 5 per cent. The Secretary 
of the Treasury may, at any time, require such additional deposits in gold as, in his 
judgment, may be sufficient for the redemption of such notes. 

By reason of a imaninioiis vote of the conference Secretary McAdoo 
appointed a committee to fornmlate a report and suggestions to 
him with regard to the matters considered at the conference. A few 
of the more important featm^es of the committee's report were as 
follows : 

That it is the sense of the committee that cotton, tobacco, and naval stores should 
be marketed as deliberately as possible until they can again be exported in normal 
quantity and that when properly conditioned should be warehoused with responsible 
concerns, that they should be protected against weather damage, and be properly 
insured against loss or damage by fire. 

That warehouse receipts for these commodities are proper collateral for loans by 
banks, and should be so accepted, with such limitations as to margin, inspection, and 
valuation as conservative bankers may each in their discretion see fit to impose. 

That the average market value of middling cotton for the past six years has been in 
excess of 12 cents per pound, that the committee is informed that the cost of producing 
cotton averages throughout the United States about 9h cents a pound, that it is a rule 
of economics that the production of staple commodities will decrease if they continue 
unsalable at less than the cost of production plus a reasonable profit. That cotton 
does not deteriorate when properly warehoused, and is as good 20 years after it is picked 
as when it is first gathered; that it can therefore be carried over until the restoration of 
normal business conditions enables the world's consumption to absorb it. The com- 
mittee is therefore of the opinion that every effort should be made to assist the pro- 
ducers to hold their cotton for a price that will minimize their loss as far as possible 
until such time as the channels of foreign trade shall be reopened. That loans upon 
cotton made upon a basis of 8 cents per pound for middling, less such margin as the 
lender shall consider necessary, will afford reasonable protection to bankers aud 
will greatly facilitate the financing of our most important export crop in the present 
emergency. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 13 

That in suggesting 8 cents per pound for iniddling cotton as a basis for loans, it is 
not the purpose of the committee to convey the idea that that figure represents in their 
opinion the intrinsic value of cotton, but that it is sufficient in their judgment to meet 
the requirements of the situation, and enable the farmer to market his cotton in an 
orderly and deliberate manner. 

That in the case of tobacco and naval stores the committee is informed that when 
these commodities are properly conditioned, stored, and insured, they are practically 
nonperishable, and that the committee therefore recommends that warehouse receipts 
for tobacco and naval stores be accepted as security for loans on a basis that has duo 
reference to their market value less such allowance as the lenders shall consider rea- 
sonable in view of the present suspension of the export demand. 

Your committee recommends that notes having not longer than four months to run, 
when secured by proper warehouse receipts for the aforesaid commodities, properly 
insured, be accepted for rediscount by the Federal reserve banks, when organized, 
and that they also be approved by the National currency associations as security for 
additional circulation to the National banks under the provisions of the Aldrich- 
Vreeland Act, as amended by the Federal reserve act. 

That a subcommittee be appointed by you for the purpose of conferring with the 
Treasury Department and the banking interests with a view of carrjdng into effect the 
recommendations herein made. 

A suggestion by Mr. W. G. P. Harding, of the Federal Reserve 
Board, found considerable favor and was submitted to the Secretary 
of the Treasury as a recommendation to be followed m towns served 
wholly or chiefly by State banks. This was to the effect that respon- 
sible warehousing firms or corporations be requested to issue their 
notes as trustees to parties storing cotton, tobacco, or naval stores, 
V ith a maturity of not longer than four months, setting forth on their 
face that they are secured by a pledge of the commodit}- stored and 
certifying that the commodity is properly insured for the protection 
of the holders of the notes. A draft of such a note is shown herewith: 

[Face of note.] 



?20.00. No. 2409. 

Warrant Warehouse Company, 
Cottontoicn, Ala., September 1, 1914- 
On or before four months I promise to pay to the order of myself 

TWENTY DOLLARS 

At the Farmers' State Bank of Cottontov,-n, Alabama, with interest from date 
at G per cent per annum, having pledged as security for this note, and equally 
and ratably for two additional notes of same tenor and date for $10 each, one bale 
of cotton of the grade and weight certified by the Warrant Warehouse Company. 
Said Warrant Warehouse Company is hereby constituted trustee for the benefit of 
the holders of the obligations against this bale of cotton and is authorized and 
empowered at any time after the maturity of this note to sell said cotton at public 
or private sale, and to apply the proceeds to the liquidation of this and the other 
notes thereby secured, accounting to me for the balance, if any, after all charges 
are paid. If before the maturity of this note, the value of cotton should decline, the 
trustee is authorized to call for additional seciuity, and in event of noncompli- 
ance, this obligation shall be held to be immediately due and payable, and au- 
thority is given for the immediate sale of the cotton. 

Warrant Warehouse Company hereby certifies that it has received as security 
for this note one bale of cotton marked " J J, " weight 506 pounds, grade middling. 

Warrant Warehouse Company, 
President. 



14 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 620. 



These notes when practicable should bear a statement on their 
reverse side showing that they are receivable by the banks at their 
face value for debts in the town where the warehouse is located. 
They may also show that they are receivable by merchants and other 
business men whose names appear on the reverse side in payment of 
obligations or for goods purchased. 

[Reverse side of note.] 



This note is receivable at its face value in payment 
of obligations clue us. 

Farmers' State Bank. 
Bank or Commerce. 
Peoples' Bank. 
And is receivable at its face value in payment of 
obligations and all purchases of goods by the follow- 
ing merchants: 

John Smith & Company. 
Peter Brown & Company. 
Farmers' Fertilizer Company. 
Middleton Supply Company. 



These notes are not in any case to be regarded as a circulation 
medium, but are to be held by the banks as loans which can be 
negotiated by them with National banks, which can in turn pledge 
them with the National currency associations estabhshed under the 
National banldng laws as security for additional currency or for 
discount to the Federal reserve banks when these have perfected 
their organizations. 

It is reported that growers are being discouraged by market con- 
ditions from picking the crop already made on the plants. They 
hesitate to add to the accrued production cost an additional charge 
of about $15 per bale for picking, ginning, and wrapping. 

High-grade early season cotton, picked before unfavorable weather 
has had an opportunity to injure it, commands the cream of the 
market at any time, and especially so in times like the present. 
Hence, if cotton is to be picked at all the early season part of the 
crop is the one to gather. It is always worth from 1 to even 4 or 5 
cents per pound more than the low grades of the late season. The 
differential in price this year will probably be greater than in normal 
years. If we wait and fill our warehouses later with low-grade staple 
there is danger of a further depression of the market. 

Growers and others proposing to warehouse cotton would do well 
to put in storage a reasonable proportion of early pickings. Those 
who feel unable to bear the additional cost of ginning and baling 
should store as much cotton in the seed (without ginning) on the 
farm in such buildings as furnish reasonable protection. Seed cot- 
ton to be stored in this manner should be picked as dry as possible 
and after the dew is gone, in order to lessen the danger of heating. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 

Middling cotton, which on July 27 found ready sale at better than 
13 cents per pound, is now selling at between 7 and 8 cents. This 
bare fact is a sufficient call upon every interest, especially in the 
cotton States, to take such steps as will assist toward the deliberate 
and proper marketing of the crop. However, the question is of 
National and not sectional importance. 



THE HOG SUPPLY. 

The number of stock hogs in the United States on September 1 is 
estimated by the Bureau of Crop Estimates of the Department of 
Agi'iculture as 100.8 per cent of the number in the country a year ago. 
A year ago, however, the number was relatively short. Therefore 
the present supply may be regarded as below a normal supply, but 
the downward tendency of numbers appears to have been checked. 

The decline, as compared with a year ago, is almost entirely in the 
five States of Minnesota, Iowa, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kan- 
sas. Nearly all other States have the same or more than a year ago. 

The condition as to health and quahty of hogs is estimated as 
somewhat higher than either of the past two years, although slightly 
below the average of the past 10 years. 

Detailed estimates, by States, are shown on page 28. 



THE APPLE CROP. 

The condition of the apple crop on September 1 in the United 
States is estimated at 61.9 per cent of normal, compared with a 10- 
year average of 53.6 per cent. This condition is interpreted as fore- 
casting a total production of about 220,000,000 bushels. The fore- 
cast on August 1 was 210,000,000 bushels. These estimates are based 
upon a reported total production of 145,000,000 bushels in 1909 by 
the United States Census, and taking into account changes in condi- 
tion since then. Such statements of total production of apples 
should not be confounded with estimates of "commercial" crop, 
which last year was only about 40 per cent of the total agricultural 
production. 

Comparative statistics of production and prices, by States, are given 
on pages 29 and 30. 

The average yield per acre of wheat in the United States during the 
five years 1909-1913 was 14.7 bushels, which was 3.6 bushels per acre 
above the average reported for 1866-1870. This apparent increase 
in average jield, appHed to the acreage of wheat in 1914, equals 
192,000,000 bushels. 



16 



FAEMEBS' BULLETIN 620. 
THE 1914 CROPS OF ENGLAND AND WALES. 



According to the preliminary estimate of the British Board of Agri- 
culture and Fisheries, the area and production of cereals, pulse, and 
potatoes in England and Wales in 1914, as compared with the final 
data for 1913, are as follows: 

Area and production of certain crops in England and Wales, 1914. 



Crop. 


Area (acres). 


Production (Winchester 
bushels). 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


Wheat. 


1,843,000 

1,536,000 

1,937,000 

299, 000 

171,000 

470,000 


1, 702, 000 

1,559,000 

1,975,000 

268, 000 

164,000 

442,000 


60,406,000 

50, 668, 000 

75,094,000 

8,912,000 

3, 590, 000 

107,520,000 


54,812,000 

52,177,000 

77,395,000 

7, .548, 000 

3, 480, 000 

108, 067, 000 




Oats 




Peas 







As estimated by the same authority, the number of live stock in 
England and Wales on June 4, 1914, as compared wdth that on the 
corresponding date of the preceding three years, was as below: 
Number of specified hinds of live stock in England and Wales. 



i 19i4 


1913 


1912 


1911 


Cattle 


5,880,000 
17.457,000 
2,516,000 


5,717,000 
17,130,000 
2,102,000 


5,842,000 
18,0.53,000 
2,497,000 


5,914,000 
19,331,000 
2,651,000 


Sheep 







MARKETING THE APPLE CROP. 

By Glarexcb W. Moomaw, Spcciulisl in Cooperative Organization, Office of Markets. 

According to investigations conducted by the U. S. Department of 
Agriculture, it is estimated that the .commercial apple crop of 1914 
will be much larger than that of last year, but not so great by several 
million barrels as in 1912. Present indications are that the problem 
of distribution will be rather complex, owing to the heavy yield and 
uncertain conditions resulting from the European war. 

The United Kingdom and the Continent in the past have taken 
only a small percentage of American apples, less than 2,000,000 barrels 
annually from the United States, and little more from Canada, but 
the influence of those markets upon prices of the better grades of 
market apples has been potent. It is desirable that growers and 
shippers optimistically prepare for disposal of Europe's usual portion 
in other ways, and relieve their minds of any idea that the present 
prosperity of the apple industry is dependent upon open markets 
across the Atlantic. 

The chief effect of the war upon the app.e market is a feeling of 
uneasiness among dealers who have been accustomed to buy for 
export, or for distribution at home through the winter. Another 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 

factor is the influence upon credit, which makes it more difficult; for 
growers and shippers to finance the deal. 

Ocean transportation has been seriously crippled, but latest 
amiouncements of steamshij) companies indicate that fairly regular 
schedules will be maintained between America and the United King- 
dom. However, granting that transportation can be satisfactorily 
arranged, America can not expect Europe to draw her usual portion. 
It will hardly be possible to reach Germany, and even where markets 
are open, the demand for apples will be greatly curtailed owing to the 
fact that fruit is somewhat of a luxury, and consequently it^ sale 
is seriously affected in hard times. 

The conclusion is that America must either consume her apples or 
find new markets for the surplus. It should be remembered that the 
home markets, which always have consumed practically the entire 
crop, are still open, and that with judicious handhng from orchard to 
consumer the demand can be stimulated and the crop marketed with 
relative success to all, even granting Europe does not draw a single 
package. It would appear that simple confidence and good sense 
are required for solving the problem of distribution. 

As to just what constitutes judicious handling, the Office of Markets, 
in answering inquiries from various parts of the country, strongly urges : 

First, that growers pick and handle the fruit in such condition as 
to insure it against deterioration. 

Second,, that growers, associations, and operators who use the 
barrel as a container adopt the standard barrel and uniformly grade 
and pack the crop in compUance with the standards of the Sulzer 
law, branding their packages accordingly. 

Third, that all inferior grades be eUminated from the green-fruit 
markets, and diverted as far as possible to cider mills, canneries, and 
evaporators. 

Fourth, that only long-keeping, standard-packed varieties be 
placed in cold storage. 

Fifth, that a special effort be made to fully supply small towns by 
direct sales, for the purpose of securing equitable distribution and 
avoiding the congestion of large markets. 

Sixth, that all growers, operators, dealers, and associations early 
reconcile themselves to the conditions, and arrive at an estimate of 
true values in order to assure quick movement of the crop from pro- 
ducer to consumer. 

In explanation, it is suggested that growers should not attempt to 
harvest the crop at one picking, but rather should glean the trees for 
only such fruit as is ready to come off, repeating the process until 
the crop has been picked in uniform condition. The advantage is 
that the shipping period may begin earlier and last longer, thereby 
securing greater time for efiecting distribution. Furthermore, if all 
ohe fruit is harvested at the same time, it is to be remembered that 
60630°— Bull. 620—14 3 



18 FARMEES' BULLETIN 620. 

shipments represent extreme stages of maturity, ranging from ripe 
to green in the same package, and that frequently toward the end 
of the season over-ripe condition of a portion, of the crop results from 
failure to take off first only what is in condition for marketing. 

Careful handling from orcnard to cars is necessary to prevent de- 
terioration. It is not difficult to understand why a lot of fruit does 
not arrive in the market in prime condition if it is picked and piled 
on the ground in the liot sun, placed in packages in a heated condi- 
tion, and finally hauled without cover and springs over rough roads. 
With proper facilities, apples picked to-day should not be packed 
until to-morrow. For this pm'pose shelter should be provided in 
order that the fruit may be packed in a cool, dry condition. Growers 
who have no packing sheds should either build such or arrange to 
use their barn floors. The wagons should be equipped witk springs, 
and cover provided for protection from the elements. 

In preparing the fruit for shipment, it is desirable that both the 
optional and mandatory laws be observed; first, for the sake of 
avoiding trouble, and second, for the good efl'ect such observance 
will have in ©stabHshing confidence in the markets among dealers and 
consumers. 

Reference has been made to the Sulzer law, with the terms of which 
it is supposed the majority of growers and shippers are famdiar. 
Those who grade, pack, and brand their barrels in accordance with 
its provisions should be more successful in making quick and satis- 
factory sales than otherwise. When apples are packed in a standard 
barrel as estabhshed by section 1 of the Sulzer law, and are plainly 
and conspicuously marked as containing one barrel of apples of one 
of the standard grades described in section 2, such a statement, if 
true, would constitute a satisfactory comphance with the net-weight 
amendment to tlie Food and Drugs Act. Otherwise the package, if 
intended for interstate commerce, must be marked to comply with the 
net-weight amendment to show the quantity of the contents, either 
by weight or by dry measure or by numerical count. A statement of 
numerical count must be quahfied by the size of the apples expressed 
as the average diameter in inches to be a statement of quantity. 

Indications are that inferior grades will meet with a very poor 
demand, and that it will be more profitable to keep these grades at 
home, or for dehvery to by-product plants. Such grades will jiot only 
move very slowly, but under the circmnstances of a large yield would 
undoubtedly interfere with profitable disposition of the better grades. 

It has been a custom in some States to ship a large portion of the 
crop in bulk. Such fruit, as a rule, is handled as an "orchard run" 
without respect to grades. Those who ship in bulk should exercise 
especial care tins year to eliminate such stock as is hkeiy to affect 
results for really good fruit. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 

Those experienced in handling apples very well remember the 
ruinous effect of overripe low grades in years when the yield is heavy. 
It is to be remembered that under the circumstances httle profit 
accrues to any one from such fruit, but that disaster frequently 
results by congesting the markets with stocks that are not sufTiciently 
good even to justify the expense of handling. The elimination of 
inferior grades from the green-fruit markets is very imperative this 
year for successful disposition of the commercial crop, and it is desir- 
able that all parties to the deal strictly adhere to this principle. 

For the benefit of those who may not be disposed to exercise 
especial care in preparmg the fruit for market on the grounds that it 
will not be worth while, it is suggested that under conditions prevail- 
ing at this time the difference between proper and improper handling 
will probably be the difference between success and failure. 

What will more largely affect the situation than anything else are 
opening prices in the primary markets. If the growers and operators 
hold for arbitrarily high prices, the crop will not pass readily into 
consumption, and before conditions could be adjusted congestion 
would undoubtedly occur throughout the channels of trade, with dis- 
astrous results to aU concerned. Both in the primary and secondary 
markets the fruit should be offered at prices that will assure early 
trading and a quick movement, so as to avoid abnormal accumulation 
at shipping point and in the market. Such accumulation not only 
causes a depression in values, but, due to delay, over-ripe condition 
frequently arises and the trade finds itseK dealing in partially decayed 
fruit at ruinous prices. 

Owing to geographical location, some important apple-producing 
States have the natural advantage of an early season. It would be 
foUy for such States not to profit by that advantage. It is possible for 
growers so situated to leave their crop on the trees until the period of 
greatest movement, and frequently in years past they have suffered 
great loss by doing so. The southern States of the apple belt should 
begin early and market the greatest portion possible prior to the 
period of greatest movement, and thereby avoid competition with the 
producing areas of the northern belt. On the other hand. States 
"that go to market latest should be in no hurry to rush the markets 
during the period of greatest movement. In brief, the crop should be 
distributed throughout the longest time possible, cold and dry storages 
being judiciously utihzed for conservation. 

Regarding the suggestion that only long-keeping standard-grade 
varieties be placed in cold storage, it is explamed that prices which 
are likely to rule in the early winter will hardly justify accumulated 
charges on short-keeping and low-grade varieties. Dry-storage 
apples from the North and Northwest are likely to limit the sale of 
cold-storage fruit until midwinter. At no time is it profitable to 
cold store inferior grades, and especiallj" is this true in times of 
bountiful production. 



20 FAEMERS' BULLETIN 620. 

Small towns outside of the . apple belt are often poorly supplied, 
even in large crop years. Growers of the Middle West hare taken 
advantage of this condition by going to such towns with cars of apples 
and selling on the track. In order to succeed v/ith this method the 
shippers should know conditions of supply and demand in the town 
selected, ascertain the railw^ay and township regulations controlling 
track sales, and precede delivery of the car with judicious advertising. 
Th e mayor can give information as to whether or not a license is required , 
and the railway agent as to whether or not track sales are allowed. 

With reference to the exportation of apples, especial care is arged 
with respect to Europe. It is shown to what a limited extent, even in nor- 
mal times, that Contment draws upon America for its fruit requirements. 
I'nder present conditions it will be very easy to o\' er-supply these mar- 
kets, and it IS to be remembered ocean freight rates have substantially 
increased. Exporters are advised carefully to watch the movement 
and assure themselves of steamer space and a demand on the other 
side before consigning fruit to countries directly affected by the war. 

Inquiries have been received at the Office of Markets regarding 
Latm America as an outlet for apples. The demand for this fruit has 
steadily increased, notwithstandmg poor transportation facilities and* 
high ocean freight rates. South America has been supplied chiefly 
through the medium of English dealers, a few shipments being made 
direct or via the United Kingdom. If arrangements could be made 
for direct transportation at reasonable rates, it is suggested that sub- 
stantial sales in Latin America would develop as a possibihty for 
improA^ing distribution of the crop. 

The Department of Commerce has expressed a desire to aid in every 
practicable way with the distribution of American apples in foreign 
countries, and it is suggested that by cooperating with that depart- 
ment export shippers can probably increase their trade to an appre- 
ciable extent in Latin America and the Orient. Inquiries should be 
addressed to the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. It is 
announced that if the facts desired are not on file in that bureau, the 
Department of State w^ould be requested to send the inquirer a list 
of consular officers from whom specific information' may be secui-ed. 
The following pubhcations regarding this subject may be obtained 
at the prices shown upon apphcation to the Superintendent of Docu- 
ments, Washington, D. C: Special Agents' Series, Nof 62, 30 cents;. 
No. 72, 10 cents; and No. 81, 25 cents; Special Consular Reports, 
No. 62, 10 cents; and Tariff Series No. 19a„ 5 cents. Remittances 
should be m cash or by money order. Stamps are not accepted. 

In so far as the apple grower is concerned, cooperation in distribu- 
tion and marketing is highly commended as an economic system for 
securing judicious handhng. Of course, it would be impracticable for 
growers to organize upon the eve of crop movement, because disaster 
would likely result as the consequence of too httle time for perfecting 
business arrangements. However, in communities where cooperative 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. • 21 

packing and selling agencies are operated, the growers should do all 
possible to strengthen such exchanges with their patronage and 
counsel. The disloyalty of members is the chief element of failure 
in cooperative circles, and apple growers are strongly urged to stand 
by their associations as the best way to solve present and future 
problems that are common to all. 

For the benefit of those who may not be famiUar with the Sulzer 
law the context follows: 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America 
in Congress assembled, That the standard barrel for apples shall be of the following 
dimensions when measured without distention of its parts: Length of stave, twenty- 
eight and one-half inches; diameter of head, seventeen and one-eighth inches; dis- 
tance between heads, twenty-six inches; circumference of bulge, sixty-four inches 
outside measurements, representing as nearly as possible seven thousand and fifty- 
six cubic inches: Provided, That steel bari-els containing the interior dimensions pro- 
vided for in this section shall be construed as a compliance therewith. 

Sec. 2. That the standard grades for apples when packed in barrels which shall be 
shipped or delivered for shipment in interstate or foreign commerce, or which shall 
be sold or offered for sale within the District of Columbia or the Territories of the 
United States shall be as follows: Apples of one variety, which are well-grown speci- 
mens, hand picked, of good color for the variety, normal shape, practically free from 
insect and fungous injury, bruises, and other defects, except such as are necessarily 
caused in the operation of packing, or apples of one variety which are not more than 
ten per centum below the foregoing specifications shall be ' 'Standai'd grade minimum 
size two and one-half inches," if the minimum size of the apples is two and one-half 
inches in transverse diameter; "Standard grade minimum size two and one-fointh 
inches," if the minimum size of the apples is two and one-fourth inches in transverse 
diameter; or ' 'Standard grade minimum size two inches, " if the minimum size of the 
apples is two inches in transverse diameter. 

Sec 3. That the barrels in which apples are packed in accordance with the provi- 
edon of this act may be branded in accordance with section two of this act. 

Sec 4. That all barrels packed with apples shall be deemed to be below standard 
if the barrel bears any statement, design, or device indicating that the barrel is a 
standard barrel of apples, as herein defined, and the capacity of the barrel is less than 
the capacity prescribed by section one of this act, un ess the barrel shall be plainly 
marked on end and side with words or figures showing the fractional relation which 
the actual caj^acity of the barrel bears to the capacity prescribed by section one of this 
act. The marking required by this paragraph shall be in block letters of size not less 
than seventy-two point one-inch gothic. 

Sec. 5. That barrels packed A\nth apples shall be deemed to be misbranded within 
the meaning of this act — 

First. If the barrel bears any statement, design, or device indicating that the apples 
contained therein are ' ' Standard ' ' grade and the apples when packed do not conform 
to the requirements prescribed by section two of this act. 

Second. If the barrel bears any statement, design, or de\ace indicating that the 
apples contained herein are ' 'Standard" grade and the barrel fails to bear also a state- 
ment of the name of the variety, the name of the locality where grown, and the name 
of the packer or the person by whose authority the apples were packed and the barrel 
marked. 

Sec. 6. That any person, firm, or corporation, or association who shall knowingly 
pack or cause to be packed apples in barrels or who shall knowingly sell or offer for 
sale such barrels in violation of the provisions of this act shall be liable to a penalty of 
one dollar and costs for each such barrel so sold or offered for sale, to be recovered at 
the suit of the United States in any court of the United States having jurisdiction. 



22 



FARMERS BULLETIN 620. 



Sec. 7. That' this act shall be in force and effect from and after the first day of 
July, nineteen hundred and thirteen. 
Approved August 3, 1912. 

CONDITION, PRODUCTION, FORECAST, AND PRICES OF SPECIAL CROPS, 

BY STATES. 

T.\3LE 9. — Corn and wheat: Condition, forecast, and price of com, and -price of wheat, 
Sept. t, 1914, with comparisons. 





Com. 


All wheat. 


State.. 


Condition 
Sept. 1. 


Forecast from con- 
ditions. 


FrnaL estimates. 


Price, Sept. 1. 


Price, Sept. 1. 




1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Sept. 1. 


Aug. 1. 


1913 


5-year 
average, 
1909-1913. 


1914 


1913 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


Me 


P.c. 

80 
89 
92 
91 
96 

93 
90 
93 
91 
88 

85 
73 

77 
85 
82 

83 
78 
81 
69 
64 

85 
87 
89 
81 
57 

83 

76 

65 

■ 53 

74 

79 
76 
75 
74 
66 

42 
65 
82 
91 
88 

96 
90 
97 

96 

88 
86 
79 
&3 


P.c. 

87 
88 
87 
89 
91 

89 
80 
86 
84 
86 

84 
85 
84 
85 
83 

87 
86 
83 

85 
82 

80 
84 
85 
82 
76 

80 
83 
74 
64 
»i 

84 
86 
83 
82 
73 

65 

80 
86 
85 
82 

80 
89 
93 
92 

93 

87 
89 
88 


621 

906 
1,925 
2,184 

454 

2,893 
21,^46 
11, 130 
65,235 

6,761 

23, 669 
42,912 
20,855 
53,978 
35, 62iJ 

59,059 
8, 586 
142, 408 
153,666 
288,033 

59,685 
62,858 
90, 566 
365,^9 
156,558 

12,457 
75, 039 
172,093 
107,549 
9-2,574 

80, 718 
49, 013 
55,036 
38,004 
123, 151 

53,865 

41,405 

989 

535 

10,164 

2,649 

370 
34 

598 
991 
556 

2,288 


630 

877 

1,822 

2,160 

430 

2,61» 
20, 131 
10,877 
61,227 

6,341 

24, 193 

46. 469 
19,471 
51, 767 
33,022 

55,501 
8,366 
137,592 
149,212 
289, 171 

60,387 

66. 470 
90,566 

396,341 
181, 856 

13,057 

74, 749 

195,698 

133, 478 

76, 942 

69, 178 
44,593 
50, 408 
36, 252 
115, 154 

50,274 

36,236 

1,081 

480 

10,979 

2,643 

607 

366 

34 

605 
993 

627 
2,288 


608 

814 

1.665 

r,.944 

402 

2,348 
15,020 
10, 862 
57,057 

6,206 

22, 110 
51,480 
22, 692 
55,282 
38j5l2 

63,023 

10, 125 

146, 250 

176, 400 

282, 150 

56,112 

66,825 

96, OCO 

338, .300- 

129,062 

10,800 
67,320 
114, 150 
23, 424 

74, 825 

68,675 
55, 360 
63,000 
41,800 
163,200 

52,250 

47,025 

882 

493 

6,300 

1,572 

476 

340 

34 

448 

952 

598 

1,815 


694 

967 
1,792 
2,041 

430 

2,755 
18,682 
10, 157 
50,524 

6,089 

22,211 
46, 959 
20, 137 
47, 884 
31,564 

53, 482 
8,628 
154,651 
186,900 
366,883 

54,829 

56,346 

76,584 

352, 236 

200, 859 

6,938 
60, 509 
164, 878 
129, 700 
92,543 

80, 767 
49, 107 
51, 103 
35, 131 
120,286 

75,412 

48,439 

533 

268 

6,409 

1,838 

457 

254 

29 

362 

800 

542 

1,745 


as. 

101 
93 
93 
91 

115 

100 
92 
95 

-89 
90 

88 
95 
92 
102 
104 

103 
93 
81 
79 

78 

11 

68 
72 
82 

62 
65 
70 
79 
91 

93 

101 
93 
83 
85 

77 
90 
85 
105 
71 

79 
115 

80 


Cts. 
89 
83 
82 
85 
105 

85 
81 
84 
81 
73 

77 
85 
84 
95 
102 

99 
90 
72 
70 
73 

72 
65 
63 
66 

77 

52 
60 
72 
81 
86 

83 
96 

86 
83 

77 

77 
82 
115 
62 
70 

76 
115 

85 


Cts. 
82 
80 
80 
81 
95 

84 

78 
82 
78 
78 

80- 
88 
86 
96 
100 

97 
89 
71 
67 
66 

69 
66 
58 
61 
71 

62 
58 
60 
67 
81 

82 
93 

86 
76 
76 

67 
80 
118 
75 
75 

93 
112 

84 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


N. H 








Vt 


105 


107 


113 






R, I 








Conn 








N. Y 

N.J 

Pa 


103 
103 
101 
110 

101 
102 
106 
108 
122 

114 


89 
95 
89 
88 

88 
93 
95 
97 
117 

120 


97 
100 
95 


Del 

Md 

Va 


93 

94 
99 


W.Va 

N.C 

S.C 

Ga 


104 
108 
119 

125 


Fla 




Ohio 

Ind 

Ill 


102 
97 
97 

101 
97 

102 
90 
93 

98 
92 
89 
■ 90 
98 

98 
120 


86 
83 
84 

85 
8^ 
79 
78 
81 

76 
74 
72 
75 
92 

95 
104 
92 


94 
90 
89 


Mich 

Wis 

Minn 

Iowa 

Mo 


93 
93 
91 

85 
88 


N. Dak.... 

S. Dak 

Nebr 

Kans 

Ky 


88 
85 
80 
83 
95 


Tenn 

Ala 

Miss 

La 


98 
113 
107 


Tex 

Okla 

Ark 

Mont 

Wyo 

•Colo 

N.Mex.... 

Ariz 

Utah 

Nev 


87 

87 
87 
83 
84 
81 

105 

160 

75 

92 

74 
80 
81 
90 


84 

75 
82 
66 
70 
73 

77 
108 
66 
90 

66 
69 

75 
92 


96 

85 
92 
81 
91 
86 

97 
109 

81 
113 


Idaho 

Wash 

Oreg 

Cal 


"■■96" 
81 

77 


67 

74 
85 
86 


80 
83 
90 
91 


72 
77 
81 
96 






U.S.. 


71.7 


79.4 


2,598,417 


2,634,214 


2,446,988 


2,708,334 


81.5 


75.4 


71.2 


93.3 


77.1 


87.7 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



23 



Table 10. — Spring wheat and flaxseed: Condition, forecast, and price Sept. 1, 191Ji, 

with comparisons. 





Spring wheat. 


Flaxseed. 


State. 


Condition 
Sept. 1. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


Final estimates. 


Condition 
Sept. 1. 


Fore- 
cast 
from 
Sept. 1 
condi- 
tion. 


5-year 
aver- 
age, 
1909- 
1913, 
final 
esti- 
mates. 


Price, Sept. 1. 




1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Sept. 1. 


Aug.l. 


1913 


.5-year 
aver- 
age, 
1909- 
1913. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


.5- 
ycar 
aver- 
age. 


Me 


P.ct. 
95 
9.5 

81 
56 
75 


P.ct. 
95 

90 
84 
80 
85 


77 
27 

1,684 
40, 5S2 

4,717 


Bush.i 

77 
27 

1,783 
45,148 

4,978 


Bushy 

76 

24 

1,916 

67, 230 

5,865 


77 

24 

1,719 

59,859 

5,648 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


Bush.i 


Bush.i 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Vt 
















Wis 


87 
79 
83 

62 
76 
75 
80 
69 


85 
. 83 

85 

•n 

78 
82 
83 
72 

67 

87 


108 

2,912 

267 

48 

6,977 

2,652 

57 

283 

' 2,' 659' 


118 

3,315 

221 

96 

8,535 

3,842 

24 

316 

26 

2,988 


135 
145 
138 

125 
144 
147 
125 
124 


135 
130 
115 

120 
129 
123 
114 
105 


167 


Minn 

Iowa 

Mo... . 


171 
163 

134 


N. Dak 

S.Dak 

Nebr 

Kams 

Okia 


70 
65 
66 
79 


72 
74 
76 
56 


81,592 

35, 853 

3,916 

921 


88, 513 

36,613 

4, 130 

822 


78, 855 

33,075 

4,200 

468 


90, Z^\ 

38, 768 

3, 687 

618 


168 
166 
157 
146 


Mont 

Wyo 

Colo 


77 
80 
91 
95 

86 
91 
95 

86 
87 
82 


88 
93 
86 
84 

89 
95 
97 
89 
80 
82 


9,249 

1,320 

7,204 

750 


10, 210 

1,320 

7,442 

760 


8, 3S5 

1,250 

5,460 

570 


5,618 

1,019 

5,266 

477 

2 48 
1 853 


55 


120 


130 


166 


87 




63 


40 








N Mex 








Ariz 
















Utah 


1,8.56 

795 

5,237 

22, 509 

3,193 


1,979 

820 

5,603 

22, 546 

3,349 


1,820 

713 

5,600 

20,900 

3,412 


















568 

4,483 

22, 227 

3,399 
































Wash 
















































U.S... 


68.0 


76.6 


221,482 


236,120 


239,819 


245,479 


72.9 


80.4 


15,426 


19,501 


139.3 


127.8 


167.4 



' Thousands; 000 omitted. 



2 Four years. 



24 



FARMERS BULLETIN 620. 



Table 11. — Oats and barley: Condition, forecast, and price, Sept. 1. 1914. zvith corns ' 

parisons. 



Me 

N.H 

Vt 

Mass 

R.I 

Conn 

N. Y 

N.J , 

Pa 

Del 

Md 

Va 

W. Va... 

N.C 

s.c 

Ga , 

Fla 

Otio 

Ind 

Ill 

Mich 

w;s 

M inn 

Iowa 

Mo 

N. Dak.. 
S. Dak... 

Nebr 

Kans 

Ky 

Tenn 

Ala.^.... 

Miss 

La 

Tex 

Okla 

Ark 

Mont 

Wyo 

Colo 

N. Mex. . 

Ariz 

Utah 

Nev 

Idaho 

Wash.... 

Oreg 

Cal 

U.S.. 



Barley. 



Condi- 
tion 
Sept. 1. 



P.C. 

97 
97 
100 
94 

78 

92 
83 
91 
82 
65 

75 
56 
57 
73 

77 

79 
72 
73 
63 



-H 03 



P.C 

94 
92 
92 
91 



86 80 

69 84 

68 82 

82 83 

55 72 



96 



75.8 



Forecast from 
condition. 



5,608 
454 

3,278 
325 
55 

385 

37, 288 

2,195 

31,939 

94 

1,090 
2,674 
1,756 
3,694 
7,347 

8,115 

648 

51,259 

40,098 

122, 220 

50, 813 
64,832 
84, 755 
157, 629 
23, 581 

65,147 
41,049 
68,979 
55, 690 
2,858 

5,657 
6,943 
2,984 
1,038 
25, 108 

33, 103 I 

5,445| 
20,: 

8, .533 1 
13, 565 I 

2,049 

338 

4, 330 

491 

14,502 
14, 434 
12,088 
8,208 



Bush.i 

5,596 
445 

3,147 
321 
56 

374 

39,450 

2,195 

32, 061 

89 

1,008 
2,621 
1,602 

3,594 
7,291 

7,912 

648 

51, 335 

40,212 

125,815 

52, 389 
77, 987 
92, 340 
159, 403 
24, 868 

71,070 
41,595 
67,063 
56, 532 
2,903 

-5,580 
6, 862 
2,852 
1,070 

25,215 

31,406 
5,568 

23, 320 
8,533 

13, 402 

1,999 
335 

4,464 
508 

14, 824 
14, 324 
12, 667 
8,389 






1,115,5481,153,240 



Price 
Sept. 1. 



Bush.i 

5,029 

430 

2,869 

284 

57 

342 

39,681 

1,990 

34,464 

119 

1,285 
3,839 
2, 558 
3,740 
7,053 

7,810 

701 

65,129 

54,666 

144,625 

47,021 
74, 644 
96, 426 
166, 676 
29, 307 

57,063 
37, 027 
54,828 
39, 612 
3,422 

6,126 

5,157 

2,146 

746 

22,651 

18, 467 
4,569 

18, 878 
6,399 

10,397 

1,415 

242 

3,825 

376 

14,061 
13, 493 
12,906 
6, 624 



1,131,175 



88 55 

44 38 

55 55 

36 1 34 

39 [ 40 

41 40 

43 55 



42. 3 39. 3 



Condi- Forecast 

tion from condi- 
Sept. 1. tion. 



Ssl 



rt 03 



P.C. P.C 

95! 92 
92 89 
97 92 



40 44 41 

51 51' 53 

39 39' 45 

45 47, 53 

43 49 51 



39.1 



150 

27 

402 



1,953 



167 



1,004 

207 

1,543 

2,323 

19, 352 

32, 893 

10, 161 

114 

26,832 

20, 642 

2,667 

5,568 

81 

54 



218 
190 



Bu.i 

147 

26 

367 



2,025 



139 
280 



1,002 

200 

1,520 

2,309 

19, 752 

33,623 

10, 356 

92 

29,172 
19, 426 
2,689 
5,314 

78 

52 



t>>2 



Bu.i 

118 
25 
372 



2,081 



179 



224 
197 



2,076 

437 441 

3,914 3,955 

144 141 

1,365 1,365 

1,335 1,362 

501 512 



7^326 
7,200 
3,992 
44,415 



199, 575 



7,194 
4,255 
44,415 



202,660 



664 

242 

1,603 

2,216 
21,351 
34,044 
12, 395 
140 

22, 700 

17, 368 

1,981 

2,921 

76 

62 



12' 
156 



1, 

327 
2,530 

65 

1,294 

1,006 

467 

5,905 

3,673 
37,690 



181,873 



Price 
Sept. 1. 



60 



Cts. 
79 
90 
92 



52.5 



<0 03 



cts. 

83 



62 



53 58 

50 60 

55; 62 

66l 65 



55. 2 59. 5 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 25 

-Potatoes: Condition, forecast, and price Sept. 1, 1914, with comparisons. 











Potatoes. 






Sweet potatoes. 




State. 


Cond. 
Sept. 1. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


aT—i 

g a 


Price 
Sept. 1. 


Cond. 
Sept. 1. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


g C 

^2S 


Price 
Aus- 15. 




o 


& 
en 


< 




J3 

05 


o 
> 


o> 


> 

U St 






< 







Me 


P.c. 

99 
97 
95 
97 
98 

98 
90 

S3 
79 
67 

62 
58 
46 
56 
63 

66 
85 
66 
51 
46 

86 
84 
81 
68 
38 

83 
78 
70 
59 
38 

46 
66 
71 
78 
72 

72 
60 
75 
75 
83 

87 
82 
80 
86 

81 
80 
67 
89 


p.c. 

85 
82 
82 
80 
80 

78 
76 
76 
76 
76 

77 
83 
82 
82 
79 

83 
84 
74 
71 
72 

77 
80 
81 
75 
72 

82 
83 
74 
67 
81 

83 
84 
81 
79 
71 

68 
77 
86 
86 
81 

77 
82 
89 
94 

90 
84 

85 
88 


30,413 
2,638 
3,681 
3,798 

784 

3,293 
40,627 
10,080 
25,406 
899 

3,173 
6,640 
2,583 
1,680 
668 

744 

1,216 

12, 096 

4,552 

6,446 

41,321 
34,474 

29, 724 
12,495 
3,471 

6, 177 
4,981 
8,354 
4,121 
1,957 

1,643 
1,176 
929 
1,704 
2,756 

2 212 

I'iii 

4,856 
1,511 
9,387 

1,101 

98 

3,192 

1,775 

5,288 
8,496 
4,924 
10, 012 


Bu.i 
29,178 

2,474 

3,638 

3,553 

744 

3,026 
40, 076 

9,539 

23,295 

909 

3,264 
7,079 
2,040 
1,624 
670 

781 

1,216 

11,945 

4,360 

6,634 

38, 191 

35, 568 
30,841 
13,406 
3,915 

6,190 
4,960 
8,658 
4, 193 
1,&19 

1,505 
1, 123 

832 
1,587 
2,739 

2,112 
1,391 
5,472 
1,733 
9,372 

1,132 

106 

3,471 

1,920 

5,491 
8,826 
6,394 
10,212 


26, 077 

2,298 

3,414 

2,922 

600 

2,437 
36,288 

8, 438 

22, 653 

946 

3,383 
8,137 
3,889 
2, 349 
816 

928 

918 

16, 193 

7,222 

9,921 

35,273 
31,625 
25,885 
13,227 
6,034 

4,797 


Cts. 
55 
91 
86 
91 
80 

80 
77 
63 
78 

71 
84 

110 
99 

106 

121 
134 
95 
97 
97 

62 


Cts. 

58 
85 
83 
91 
81 

87 
92 
70 
81 
72 

71 
76 
90 
71 
140 

114 
124 
96 
90 
90 

63 


cts. 
63 
82 

87 
89 
90 

92 
89 
73 

83 

78 

73 
78 
90 
78 
12.3 

113 

128 
91 
87 
85 

70 
62 
61 
88 
91 

71 
84 
92 
98 
83 

81 
110 
111 

91 
111 

112 
98 
84 

121 
99 

129 

138 
67 
114 

63 
66 
67 

77 


p.c. 


P.C. 


Bu.i 


Bu.^ 


Lu.' 


Cts. 


CI.1. 


N.H 
















Vt . . 
































K.I 
















Conn 
















N.'f 














N. J.. 


84 
88 
90 

86 
75 
83 
84 
80 

85 
86 
80 
75 
61 


87 
85 
86 

84 
86 
84 
87 
86 

88 
90 
83 
81 
80 


2, 864 
118 
052 

991 
2,767 

212 
7,214 
4,339 

6,849 
2,010 

102 
98 

610 


2, 846 
120 
601 

966 
2,902 

192 
6,810 
4,049 

6,383 

1,986 

94 

91 

531 


3,066 
117 
657 

999 

3,771 

210 

7,737 
4,508 

7,111 

2,278 
110 
118 
841 


85 

70 
90 
110 
80 
92 

101 

100 
130 
125 
125 


162 


Pa 


159 


Del. 


122 


Md 




Va 


87 


W. Va 

N.C 


124 

84 


S.C 


94 


f!a 


100 
94 


Fla 


Ohio :.. 


140 


Ind 


134 


111.. 


113 


Mich 




Wis 


63 45 
















Minn 


51 
90 
105 

67 


41 
89 
97 

,54 


















75 

59 


84 

77 


186 
425 


190 
435 


196 
639 


155 
135 


186 




113 


N.Dak 




S.Dak 


4,217 77j 72 
7,231 8S! 85 
4,148| 95; 90 
4,000 ll'>' 90 
















Nebr 


""75 
82 

81 

82 
78 
86 
85 

73 

80 


78 
77 
84 

86 
88 
87 
89 
72 

75 
79 








175 
130 
100 

90 
100 

85 
84 
105 

105 
95 


''16 


Kans 


450 
790 

1,616 
5,683 
4,204 
5,000 
4,641 

539 
1,642 


472 
665 

1,343 

4, 876 
3,632 
4,433 
3,567 

429 
1,287 


437 
941 

1,997 
6,014 
4,979 
5,007 
2,924 

352 
1,813 


150 


Ky 


104 


Tonn 


2,691 
1,245 
801 
1,4.57 
2,691 

1,604 
1,919 
4,215 
1,094 
8,161 

644 
97 


107 82 
140 109 
1051 99 
103l 81 


94 


Ala 


87 


Miss 


84 


I.a 


80 


Tex 


113 

108 
112 

90 
109 

92 

97 

iin 


92 

93 

88 
65 

no 

78 

150 
163 

56 
85 

53 

58 
55 
65 


122 


Okia 


129 


Ark 


94 


Mont 




Wvo 
















Colo 




j 










N.Mex 




77 
91 








140 
165 


245 


Ariz 











Utah 


2,722l 81 










Nev 


1,369 

5,232 
8,636 
6,408 
9,375 


85 

80 
68 
64 

77 




1 










Idaho 














Wash 




1 






1 


Orpg 












Cal 


91 


91 


956 


986 


806 


99 154 






U.S 


75.8 


78.0 


370,963 


369,634 


356,627 


74.9 


75.3 


79.7 


81.8 


85.2 


54,958 


49,886 


57,628 


98.4 


97.9 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



26 



FARMEKS BULLETIN G20. 



Table 13. — Tobacco, rice, and buckwheat: Condition, forecast, and price, Sept. 1. 1914, 

with comparisons. 





Tobacco. 


Rice. 






Buckwheat. 






State. 


Condition 
Sept. 1. 


o 




Condition 
Sept. 1. 


H 


©"3 

iil 


Condition 
Sept. 1. 


"^ o 

o 




Price 
Sept. 1. 




2 


si 


C3 +.> • 


03 


1 a 


S 


o > 

—1 C3 




C3 tin 

■O 03 


Me 


P.ct. 


P.cl. 


ifts.i 


i6«.i 


P.ct. 


p.ct 


Bu.i 


Bu.i 


P.ct. 
94 
90 
92 

94 


P.ct 

90 
93 
91 

89 


Bu.i 

384 

29 

202 

44 


Bu.i 
423 

29 
200 

39 


Cts. 
' ' '86 


Cts. 
70 


N.H 


96 
96 
94 


91 
86 
92 


182 

18? 

11,788 


163 

164 

9,524 


\ 






77 


Vt 










80 
97 


Mass 


! 






R.I 


1 








Conn 


99 

85 


92 
85 


37,996 

5,748 


28,337 
4,997 


i 






93 
89 
92 

88 
82 

84 
67 
81 
84 


90 
S3 

84 
87 
87 

88 
86 
87 
88 


60 

6,462 

244 

6,037 

56 

198 
339 
758 
166 


56 

5,766 

247 

5,894 

65 

198 
443 
792 
178 


100 
78 
77 
80 

100 

100 

80 
78 
85 


99 


N. Y 








76 


N.J 








84 


Pa 


92 


86 


50,246 


57,351 










70 


Del 












Md 


76 
61 
65 
73 
74 

80 
93 
74 
73 
50 


79 
S3 
79 
79 
81 

88 
87 
79 
81 
84 


13,680 

87,840 

6,599 

133,042 

31,657 

1,368 

3,799 

70, 655 

10,840 

279 


18,663 
135,388 

12,763 
127,339 

22,027 

1,323 
2,987 
79,966 
18,939 

842 










82 


Va 










77 


W. Va.... 






:::::::: 


78 


N.C 

s.c 


83 
85 

88 
86 


85 
83 

86 
86 


5 
170 

38 
10 


14 
273 

64 
IS 


86 


Ga 














Fla 














Ohio 


83 
74 
80 

88 
82 
84 
89 
75 

80 
80 


84 
84 
83 

83 
85 
84 
85 
82 

85 
80 


390 
78 
72 

1,012 
265 
102 
104 

28 

18 
14 


406 
94 
79 

1,051 
297 
125 
116 
25 

17 
12 


72 
75 

80 
78 
85 
85 


78 


Indiana... 










79 


Ill 










98 


Mich 










71 


Wis 


86 


84 


57,618 


47,807 










73 


Minn 










67 


Iowa 


















92 


Mo 


57 


78 


2,804 


5,578 










93 


Nebr 










90 


Kans 




















Ky 


69 

67 
75 


78 
81 
87 


286, 830 

48,228 

105 


350,502 

70, 426 

1.53 














Tenn 










78 


90 


44 


45 


75 




Ala 


88 

88 
90 
88 
86 
98 


86 

86 
88 
90 
89 


6 

44 

11,633 

8,320 

3,406 

805 


10 

57 

11, 775 

9,006 

2,730 

293 




Miss 




1 

1 








La 


92 
65 
80 


83 
79 
79 


380 
107 
470 


218 
159 
471 




■■:""i 








Tex 




j 






Ark 












Cal 






























U.S. 


71.4 


80.6 


862, 473 


996,087 


88.9 


88.7 


24,437 


24,016 


87.1 


85.4 


17, 106 


16,597, 


79.8 


74.0 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



2 Four years. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



27 



Table 14. — Ilay and clover seed: Yield, quality, and price of hay; acreage and condition 
of clover seed, Sept. 1, 1914. 





Hay (all tame) . 


Clover for seed. 


.1 




Yield per 
acre. 


Production. 


Quality. 


Price Sept 


1. 


a 


Condition 
Sept. 1. 


Si 

1 


State. 
































S3 . 

? g 






u be 










•^6 






5 , 


^' 






-H 




























^fe 








t^ir 


















CJ 


6>^ 


05.8 


05 


>~,'^ 




A* 






=r» 


< 




A '^ 




'^ 


""" 


i-<^ 


'"' 










'"' 


« 








Tons 


Tom 


Tons? 


Tom.^ 


Tons.^ 


P.O. 


P.c. 


Dolls. 


Dolls. 


Dolls. 


p.c. 


P.c. 


P c. 


p.c. 


Me 


1.15 


1.12 


1,414 


1,194 


1,299 


90 


9b 


13.70 


14.70 


14.02 


100 


93 


93 


97 


N. H 


1.15 


1.11 


598 


495 


538 


94 


95 


18.60 


16.30 


15.76 


100 


90 


95 


99 


Vt 


1.20 


1.32 


1,188 


1,280 


1,310 


95 


9b 


15.90 


13.70 


13.06 


100 


85 


92 


85 


Mass 


1.32 


1.23 


634 


575 


582 


91 


94 


19.00 


20.10 


20.28 


90 


8.5 


95 


93 


R.I 


1.17 

1.25 
1.20 


1.17 

1.17 
1.22 


68 

469 

5,584 


68 

432 
5,358 


67 

441 
5,498 


88 

86 

88 


96 

94 
90 


21.00 

21.50 
14.90 


22.50 

18.50 
14.00 


22.40 

20.52 
14.80 








90 


Conn 






90 

83 


92 


N. Y 


75 


73 


82 


N.J 


1.35 


1.34 


487 


469 


472 


85 


91 


19.20 


18.00 


17.90 


100 


90 


81 


85 


Penn 


1.30 


1.35 


4,083 


4,146 


3,840 


91 


9C 


14.40 


13.70 


14. 98 


115 


84 


77 


88 


Del 


1.17 


1.3V 


84 


94 


88 


87 


88 


15.00 


15.00 


14.54 


100 


87 


85 


70 


Md 


1.16 


1.30 


452 


491 


453 


86 


87 


15. 30 


12.20 


15.64 


115 


84 


79 


76 


Va 


.72 


1.22 


459 


952 


793 


79 


87 


17.10 


14.00 


15.56 


85 


70 


84 


52 


W. Va.... 


.86 


1.30 


599 


925 


770 


82 


86 


17.60 


14.20 


15.20 


95 


78 


86 


60 


N.C 


1.15 


1.44 


353 


419 


375 


84 


88 


18.00 


15. 50 


15.90 


95 


82 


88 


70 


s.c 


1.15 


1.30 


242 


244 


219 


87 


87 


18.00 


17.80 


17.46 


95 


90 


88 


85 


Ga 


1.50 


1.50 


368 


350 


293 


90 


88 


17.30 


18.00 


17.74 


90 


88 


87 


80 


Fla 


1.35 
1.13 


1.36 
1.36 


61 

3,178 


63 

3,848 


52 

3,838 


92 
91 


87 
90 


18.70 
14. .50 


17.00 
11.10 


16.82 
12.76 










Ohio 


80 


78 


75 


74 


Ind 


1.00 


1.28 


1,764 


1,800 


2.194 


88 


8^ 


14.70 


12.40 


12.44 


70 


74 


78 


65 


Ill 


.85 


1.25 


1,806 


2,450 


3,168 


87 


91 


14. 80 


13.30 


12.76 


60 


70 


81 


54 


Mich 


1.28 


1.28 


3,011 


2,520 


3,004 


93 


92 


12.20 


12.60 


13.12 


90 


84 


77 


85 


Wis 


1.75 


1.48 


4,364 


3,848 


3, .301 


95 


93 


9.40 


10.10 


12.84 


99 


88 


84 


96 


Mimi 


1.89 


1..54 


3,294 


2,490 


2,265 


9« 


92 


6.30 


6.50 


8.04 


105 


91 


84 


93 


Iowa 


1.34 


1.41 


3, 899 


4,440 


4,511 


96 


95 


10. 30 


9.00 


9.32 


95 


86 


82 


79 


Mo 


.70 


1.14 


1,848 


1,800 


3,115 


V9 


88 


14.10 


13.20 


10.60 


65 


63 


SO 


44 


N. Dak... 


1.45 


1.27 


528 


388 


403 


94 


91 


5.00 


,5.20 


5.96 


108 


90 


90 


91 


a. Dak.... 


1.70 


1.29 


821 


552 


514 


96 


92 


5.80 


5.90 


6.64 


110 


92 


90 


92 


Nebr 


\.m 


1.40 


2, 133 


1,675 


1,591 


93 


93 


7.10 


7.50 


7.86 


100 


SO 


85 


89 


Kans 


1.51 


1.30 


2,492 


1,3.50 


1,988 


88 


90 


8.40 


12.70 


8.56 


73 


75 


83 


66 


Ky 


.95 


1.25 


699 


674 


919 


83 


86 


17.40 


15.90 


14.26 


80 


55 


84 


66 


Tenn 


1.20 


1.42 


907 


1,089 


1,117 


85 


86 


18.60 


15.70 


14.56 


86 


75 


84 


66 


Ala 


1.31 


1..59 


262 


286 


268 


86 


88 


14.80 


14. .50 


13.66 


130 


90 


89 


78 


MLss 


1.45 


1.57 


281 


293 


275 


83 


87 


12.70 


12.10 


11.58 


110 


88 


85 


8.1 


La 


2. 05 


1.74 


332 


240 


235 


89 


m 


12. 50 


12. 60 


12.06 


103 


90 


90 




Tex 


1.75 
1.13 


1.41 
1.18 


735 
493 


464 
382 


444 
388 


89 
81 


86 

87 


9.80 
8.90 


11.00 
10.40 


10.80 
7.96 






78 




Okla 


05 


76 


80 


Ark 


1.15 


1.40 


3.50 


384 


363 


85 


87 


12.90 


12.00 


11.30 


95 


85 


86 
94 


70 


Mont 


2.00 


1..S0 


1,372 


1,188 


1,109 


94 


94 


7.80 


8.40 


9.80 


120 


95 


93 


AVvo 


2. 30 


2. 18 


1,104 


912 


819 


100 


97 


9.20 


7.50 


9.16 


112 


100 


96 


95 


Colo 


2.40 


2.29 


2,328 


1,824 


1,707 


95 


91 


8.40 


8.40 


9.58 


100 


95 


89 


100 


N. Mex... 


2.50 
3.20 
2.75 


2.35 
3.27 

2.89 


510 

454 

1,116 


399 
540 
909 


387 
350 
943 


92 
93 
96 


90 
92 
95 


10.30 
12.50 
8.00 


13.00 
11.50 
8.50 


11.32 
10.78 
8.30 








100 


Ariz 










Utah 


90 


97 


95 


98 


Nev 


3.25 

2.65 


2.57 
2.94 


803 
1,868 


646 
2,044 


587 
1,879 


98 
96 


96 
96 


10.30 
6.50 


9.00 
6.90 


9.64 
7.66 








99 


Idaho 


125 


88 


94 


86 


Wash 


2.20 


•2.27 


1,751 


1,794 


1,620 


97 


94 


9.70 


10.20 


11.90 


105 


97 


96 


90 


Oreg 


2.00 


2.11 


1,716 


1,732 


1,578 


97 


95 


9.00 


8.40 


9.46 


106 


63 


89 


90 


Cal 


1. 95 
1.42 


1.77 


5,242 
68,604 


3,600 


4,017 


90 


94 


7.20 


13. 30 


10.74 


98 


97 


95 


97 


U.S.. 


1.40 


64, 116 


65,987 


92.1 


91.7 


11.91 


11.89 


12.04 


80.9 


77.3 


80.1 


74.4 



1 Production compared with a full crop. 



2 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



28 FAEMEES" BULLETIN 620. 

Table 15. — Grass crops and stock hogs: Condition Sept. 1, 1914, tvith compcrisons. 





Alfalfa. 


Dluegrass 
seed. 


Millet. 


Kafir 


corn. 


Canadian 
peas. 


Cowpeas. 


Stock ho.:;s. 


States. 


Prodiietion.i 




Condition Sept 


. 1. 






.3" 
'a oi 

1° 


Condition 
Sept. 1. 




a> 




C3 




m 


C5 tai 


rt^ 








G5 




01 


CO 


»3 




P.c. 


P.c. 


P.C. 


p.c. 


P.C. 

92 
97 
95 
94 
93 

94 
93 
93 
93 

78 

78 
71 
83 
85 
83 

87 


P.C. 

89 
88 
88 
88 


P.C. 


P.O. 


P.C. 

95 


P.C. 

92 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 

98 
96 

98 
95 
97 

95 
98 
100 
103 
102 

105 
105 
102 
105 
107 

102 
105 
99 
100 
100 

105 
100 
92 
95 
100 

120 
96 
95 
95 

100 

105 
104 
105 
100 
110 

105 
105 
135 
125 
110 

112 
100 
105 
100 

110 
1Q5 
110 
102 

100.8 


P.C. 

99 
99 
99 
98 
99 

98 
98 
97 
97 
95 

96 
95 
97 
94 
96 

95 
93 
96 
94 
92 

97 
97 
89 
92 
92 

94 
91 
87 
93 
93 

93 
93 
94 
89 
92 

93 

88 
99 
98 
98 

98 
92 
99 
99 

98 
99 
99 
96 

93.4 


P.C. 

98 
100 
98 
99 
99 

99 
99 

95 
97 
93 

93 
95 
94 
94 
90 

93 
90 
95 
91 
90 

96 
96 
90 

71 
90 

98 
SS 
87 
94 
93 

89 
92 
91 

88 
95 

93 

87 
99 
100 
98 

95 
95 
100 
98 

96 
99 
99 
95 


P.C. 

99 


















99 














95 
92 


88 






99 


Massachusetts 


















98 






















99 












87 
82 
84 
87 














100 


New York 


96 
96 
90 
90 

S7 
75 

83 
80 

SI 


90 
90 
88 
92 

86 
88 
87 
86 
90 

86 










89 
90 
90 
94 

85 
70 
83 
77 
69 

88 


84 

""so 

80 

'"78 
81 
83 


"""96 

92 

87 

84 
75 
84 
81 
83 

90 
88 
82 
76 
63 

81 
79 
80 
85 
66 


82 
89 

87 

87 

86 
85 
85 
83 
83 

SO 
87 
88 
84 
82 

82 
85 
88 
87 
80 

76 
85 
82 
79 
85 

86 
84 
84 
84 
77 

77 
81 


98 












97 












98 


Delaware 










96 








83 
84 
83 
86 
82 

86 






96 




76 
93 


'"87 






96 


We.st Virsinia 






97 


North Carol ma 






94 












93 




66 








94 








91 


Ohio 


85 
85 
85 

98 
98 
1-10 
97 
76 

115 

140 

90 

85 

74 

80 

85 
77 
SO 
90 

75 
90 
105 
101 
107 

99 
97 
95 
102 

95 
96 

88 
98 


88 
88 
89 

87 
89 
89 
90 
86 

89 
87 
84 
81 
85 

87 
84 
82 

85 

78 

78 
85 
96 
95 
89 

90 
94 
91 
98 

96 
95 
94 
95 


100 
70 
60 

'"98 
98 
87 
65 


86 
80 

84 

79 
80 
84 
82 
77 


79 
69 

58 

90 
90 

93 
86 
61 

90 

86 

84 
88 

77 

82 
80 
84 
85 
86 

72 
76 
98 
60 
90 

94 
82 
110 


87 
85 
83 

84 
86 
88 

87 
78 

80 
84 
81 
71 
82 

85 
86 
85 






85 
65 
65 

88 
84 
90 
85 
05 

92 
98 
50 
79 
76 

70 
82 
78 
75 
80 

75 
75 
86 
92 
101 

94 


84 
84 
84 

79 
82 
85 
88 
79 


96 








94 




50 


78 


95 


Michisan 


96 


Wisconsin 




87 


97 
96 








92 




80 


78 


94 


North Dakota 


98 


South Dakota 














95 


Nebraska 






86 
83 


81 
76 






95 




80 
90 

95 


76 

77 


"'si 
"'so 

""92 


75 
83 

84 
89 
83 
79 
89 

77 
75 


95 


Kentucky 


94 






r3 


Alabama 






93 


Mississippi 










92 










92 


Texas 






73 

73 
80 

87 
87 
79 

76 
98 
94 


92 

75 
86 


78 

78 
79 


95 


Oklahoma 






95 




00 




88 




93 
















99 








93 

96 
102 


77 
92 


92 

7(i 


98 

91 
90 
97 


90 

78 
82 
92 


99 


New Mexico 






97 








98 


Utah 






100 




100 


Nevada 










ion 








95 


98 






94 

85 
88 
80 


92 
91 
90 

87 


"'S7 
" ' '95 


92 
91 

92 
89 


99 


Washington 










99 










87 






99 


California 








96 


89 


OS 














U. S 


93.8 


89.2 






82.1 


79.4 


84.5 


78.8 










89.8 


94.6 



















1 Production compared with, a full crop. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 

Table 16. — Apples: Forecast and price Sept. 1, 1914, with comparisons. 



State. 



Forecast from con- 
dition. 



Sept. 1, 
1914. 



AuR. 1, 
1914. 



Final estimates. 



Price to producers, per bushel. 



AufT. 15. 



1914 1913 1912 



Sept. 15. 



1913 1912 



Maine 

New Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. .. 
Rhode Island 



Connecticut . . 

New York 

New Jersey. .. 
Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia... 

Ohio 

Indiana. . . 
Illinois. . . 

Michigan. 



Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

South Dakota. 



Nebraska. . 

Kansas 

Kentucky- . 
Tennessee . 
Alabama . . 



Mississippi. 
Louisiana . . 

Texas 

Oklahoma.. 



Arkansas.. 
Montana . . 
Wyoming. 
Colorado . . 



New Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California 



Bushels. 
6,300 
1,800 
2,600 
3,500 
300 

1,900 
42,300 

2,900 

20, 600 

400 

3,300 
12, 300 
10,600 

7, 600 
700 

1,700 

11,700 

4,000 

3,600 

14,600 

2,300 

<S00 

1,900 

10,200 

200 

1,700 
3, GOO 
7,900 
7,100 
1,400 



BusheU. 
5,500 
1,700 
2,500 
3,000 
300 

1,800 
36,000 

3,000 

19,500 

400 

3,300 
12,300 
10,300 

7,200 
700 

1,700 
10, 500 
4,000 
4,100 
13, 100 

2,500 
900 

2,500 

11,700 

200 

2,200 
4,200 
7,100 
5,900 
1,200 

400 



400 
1,300 



4,300 
900 



400 
1,200 



4,000 
900 



3,700 

800 
100 
800 
200 

1,600 
7,200 
3,300 
5,400 



4,400 

9(10 
100 
800 
200 

1,500 
7, 600 
3,. 300 
5,300 



United States. 



220,200 



210,300 



Bushels. 

3,000 
800 
700 

2,300 
300 

2,100 
19,500 

2,100 

10, 200 

200 

1,.300 
5,200 
1,000 
3,000 
300 

900 
4,800 
6,600 
8,200 
8,900 

4,000 
l.SOO 
7,100 
7,900 
300 

2,300 
2,700 
6,900 
3,900 
900 

400 



Bushels. 
5,400 
2,200 
2,600 
3,300 
300 

1,700 
44,000 

1,700 

12, 700 

400 

2,600 
15,000 
10, 300 

7, 600 
600 

1,400 
10, 600 
4,200 
5,800 
17,200 

2,000 
700 

1,500 

19,200 

200 

2, 800 
6, 700 
9,600 
8,900 
1,200 

400 



300 
1,100 



4,000 
800 



3, 300 

600 
100 
600 
200 

1,400 
6.900 
3,500 
3,000 



500 
1,700 



5,100 
900 



3,100 

800 
100 
700 
300 

1,700 
7,700 
4,100 
5,700 



as. 

52 
96 
70 
80 
85 

85 
65 
50 
52 
40 

50 
42 
50 
50 
92 



78 
100 
50 

80 
140 
110 

70 
130 

100 
100 
68 
50 
70 



500 
100 

SO 
100 
120 

SO 

105 

120 

70 

150 

92 

78 
78 
80 



CIS. 
65 
95 
110 
105 
92 



72 
73 
80 
60 

70 
60 

100 
73 

115 

96 
98 
60 
61 
50 

65 
70 
59 
60 
100 

80 
100 
70 
65 
85 

98 
105 
110 

93 



125 
1.50 
82 

105 
160 
100 
185 

92 
95 
85 
90 



CIS. 



85 
120 

80 
65 
70 
65 
50 

50 
42 
48 
65 
87 

68 
65 
65 
70 

58 

84 
135 
99 
50 
127 

85 
60 
56 
49 
83 

87 
92 
110 

78 

70 
106 



1.30 
200 
89 



Cts. 
75 
96 
105 
100 
100 

60 
75 
63 



100 
65 

105 
75 

115 

85 
95 
60 
60 
50 

55 
60 
60 
63 
93 

85 
110 
65 
75 
76 

100 
100 
110 
100 

80 
100 

125 

85 

100 
190 
85 
180 

85 
87 
84 
100 



145, 400 



235, 200 



75.2 



76.5 



30 farmers'' bulletin 620. 

Table 17. — Fruits: Condition Sept. 1, 1914, with comparisons. 





Apples. 


Peaches. 


Grapes. 


Pears. 


Water- 
melons. 


Canta- 
loupes. 


Cran- 
berries. 


Toma- 
toes. 


State. 


Cond. 
Sept. 1. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Qual- 
ity. 


Cond. 
Sept. 1. 


Cond. 
Sept. 1. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Cond. 
Sept. 1. 


Cond. 
Sept. 1. 






1— < C3 


t-1 


si 




05 


a> 


.-H CO 


02 


c3 


05 


^6 

00 03 


o> 


03 be, 

00 tS 




}j 03 




^6 

00 CJ 


Maine 


P.c. 

83 
78 
75 
86 

77 

75 
73 
86 
80 
81 

81 
78 
87 
81 
73 

75 


P.c. 
62 
62 
63 
63 
64 

66 
54 
59 
57 
61 

61 
54 
52 
57 
53 

54 


p.c. 


p.c. 


p.c. 


P.C. 


P.C. 

85 
75 
85 
96 
93 

90 


P.C. 

"'82 
86 
80 

81 


P.c. 

80 
65 
70 
80 
80 

73 
57 
83 
77 
50 

75 
63 
66 
70 
72 

74 
67 
65 
56 
55 

79 
71 


p.c. 

79 

82 
79 
80 
84 

83 
72 
66 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 

87 
87 


P.C. 

78 
77 


P.c. 
92 

88 
91 
94 

94 

94 
91 

84 
89 
78 

79 
74 
83 
81 

74 

81 
77 
84 
75 
60 

91 


p.c. 

88 


New Hampshire 


5 


74 


82 


85 










87 


Vermont 








76 
80 
85 

81 
78 
80 
78 
80 

75 
76 
73 

75 
72 

75 
75 
77 
80 
80 

80 
79 

78 
89 




88 




20 

45 

43 
20 
95 
67 
76 

86 
69 

77 
81 
87 

89 
75 
57 
61 

65 

43 


55 

58 

67 
60 
59 
50 
43 

52 
47 
45 
55 
57 

62 
66 
42 

48 
42 

54 


85 
88 

87 
87 
88 
90 
90 

89 
82 
83 

87 
88 

83 
80 
83 
78 
83 

90 


89 
90 

86 
87 
91 
89 
86 

78 
70 
77 
65 
61 

66 
68 
78 
80 
82 

83 


85 


80 


88 
78 

80 
83 
87 
88 
90 

84 
78 
80 
84 
80 

86 
68 
82 
77 
69 

88 
86 
86 
82 


95 76 


85 


Rhode Island 


SO 

84- 81 
87i 80 
85: 81 


98 

85 
95 
84 


78 

85 
85 
76 


85 


Connecticut. 


88 


New York 


89 81 
95 83 

90 77 
95 81 

94! 77 
90^ 76 
36' 69 
91' 79 


84 


New Jersey 


83 




67 86' 76 


83 


Delaware . . 


55 

62 
53 
50 
54 
59 

58 
57 
61 

58 
47 

68 
62 


90 

82 
80 
81 
85 
86 

93 

74 
81 
75 
66 

89 
83 
SO 
83 
72 

75 

84 
80 
80 
88 

88 
91 
92 
83 
81 

79 
83 

'"so 

93 

93 

88 
97 
100 

78 
86 
84 
95 

81.8 


78 

75 

74 
70 

77 
74 

82 
82 
73 
79 
79 

80 
81 
75 
81 
70 

70 
78 
71 
71 
75 

78 
80 
79 
80 

77 

73 
78 
80 

"85 

80 
91 
89 

90 

86 
85 
89 

77.3 






78 


Maryland 






78 


Virginia 






81 


West Virginia 






82 


North Carolina. . 






83 


South Carolina 


87 
90 


77 
79 






81 








85 


Florida 






82 


Ohio 


60 
39 

28 

72 
49 
42 
18 

47 


44 

48 
42 

54 
61 
70 
52 
47 


93 

87 
80 

92 

88 
80 
84 
76 


76 
79 

78 

80 

82 
81 
86 
72 






84 


Tnriiana. 




77 


80 


Illinois 


83 


Minhifftn 


85 
90 
80 


75 

78 


84 




88 86 


Minnesota 










89! 84 


Iowa 


59 
63 


30 
39 


77 
78 


80 


55 
59 


40 
41 


82 83 




70 70 






58' 75 


North Dakota 


75 
80 
80 
82 
85 

84 
84 
84 








78 76 


South Dakota 


50 
35 

42 
64 

74 
67 
60 
47 
62 

53 
67 

77 


70 
56 
46 
52 

51 
52 
52 
55 
59 

58 
55 
82 
76 

67 

67 
75 
76 
72 

78 
79 
76 

78 

53.6 








84 
72 
63 
88 

82 
85 
82 


76 
72 
68 
77 

70 
75 
73 


1 


77 
71 
69 
75 

75 
73 






86! 78 


Nebraska 


32 
51 
90 

88 
77 
72 
45 
23 

10 
60 


37 
40 
49 

48 
56 
56 
61 
58 

58 
60 


74 

77 
85 

91 
86 
81 
70 
80 

70 
85 


56 
60 
69 

60 
62 
66 
70 
80 

62 
76 


59 
62 
73 

62 
66 
68 
70 
53 

35 
60 


50 
40 
52 

48 
58 
57 
66 
61 

52 
48 
79 






78. 73 








65 
76 

78 


68 


Kentucky. . 






85 


Tennessee 






85 


Alabama. . 






84 


Mississippi 






74 1 83 


Louisiana 


85! 78 


81 i 79 
801 76 

76' 72 
80: 77 




71' 81 


Texas 


73 

61 

82 


73 

68 
71 




72 73 


Oklahoma 






54 66 


Arkaniias . 






72 77 




""83 
93 

90 
90 
95 
100 

85 
83 
82 
97 


77 






76i 79 


Wyoming 




















98 82 


Colorado 


75 

86 
80 
99 
65 

79 
80 
75 

86 

61.9 


82 

76 
85 
100 
90 

80 
81 

88 
94 

63.0 


49 

54 
71 
69 

57 

63 
73 
70 

74 

54.3 


90 

90 
93 
98 
90 

95 
93 
95 
95 

83.7 


92 

78 
94 
94 
95 

94 
92 
94 

89 

74.0 


95 

88 
87 
97 
96 

81 
90 
90 
90 

88.9 


77 

74 
85 
86 

86 
88 
90 
88 

82.5 


89 

80 
82 
85 
62 

77 
81 
79 
84 

67.4 


56 

70 
82 
68 
59 

76 
81 
79 
81 

64.2 


85 

78 
92 

88 
83 

89 
85 
86 
qo 






95' 82 


New Mexico 






89 
87 
96 
100 

74 
80 
77 
91 

78.5 


74 


Arizona 






86 


Utah 






92 


Nevada 






82 


Idaho . 






84 


Washington. . . 






81 


Oregon 






84 


California... 






89 


ITnited States 


83. 7,77. 4 


88.8 


77.0 


80.5 



Production compared with a full crop. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 31 

Table 18. — Vegetables and miscellmieous: Condition, Sept. 1, 1914, 'with comparisons. 





Cab- 
bages. 


Onions. 


Beans 

(dry). 


Lima 
beans. 


Broom 
com. 


Sugar 
cane. 


Sor- 
ghum. 


Sugar 
beets. 


Hops. 


Pea- 
nuts. 


state. 


CO 


00 cS 




X C3 


05 


!>>a; 

00 S 




® C3 
I- 03 


c. 


1 > 

30 Cj 




21 









t>)fe 
1 > 

00 03 


01 


2^. 


01 


00 03 




P.c. 
91 
92 
90 
93 
96 

95 
85 
90 
88 
80 

76 
63 

78 


p.c. 

88 
84 
88 
84 
83 

80 
80 
82 
81 
82 

77 
80 
89 


P.C. 

89 
90 
83 
96 
90 

91 

89 
84 
86 
87 

82 
70 
76 
78 
70 

78 


P.C. 

87 
84 
89 
81 
81 

82 
83 
84 
86 
84 

84 

88 
88 
88 
86 

86 


P.C. 

92 
91 
93 
93 
95 

92 

85 
86 
89 
90 

87 
65 
83 
75 
68 

84 


P.c. 

87 
87 
87 
84 
80 

84 
84 
84 
83 

81 

80 
84 
84 
80 

84 


p.c. 
92 
85 
100 
93 
94 

92 
88 
86 
92 
91 

84 
73 
80 
77 
75 

83 


P.C. 

88 
84 
89 
80 
83 

82 
82 
84 
83 
81 

80 
82 
81 
84 
81 

84 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.c. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


N. Hampshire. 
















































































































































83 


70 


79 


























Pennsylvania . . 












































































Viiginia 

West Virginia. . 


70 


81 
79 






83 
S3 
SO 

87 
84 
82 
72 
58 

61 

85 
92 

82 
61 


84 
83 
85 

84 

86 
84 
85 
83 
81 

84 
86 
87 
85 
80 










85 


81 
















69 80 
66 79 

70 82 




83 
86 

87 










83 
82 

88 
90 


83 


Soutli Carolina. 






86 

85 










8? 


Georgia 

Florida 














87 


82 








88 










SS 


Ohio 


8.5 


80 
74 
61 

90 

88 
86 
78 
64 

83 

80 
76 
78 
76 

78 
78 
77 
81 
79 

75 
76 
86 
93 
92 

93 
91 


86 
84 
83 

83 
&i 
85 
83 
79 

80 
81 
76 
75 
88 

89 
86 
85 
84 
80 

74 
84 
91 
86 
89 

84 

88 


81 
70 
51 

82 
90 
88 
80 
52 

90 

75 
78 
68 
68 

74 
76 

'"96 

82 

65 

70 
82 


84 

78 
78 

82 
86 
86 
82 
72 

80 

82 
78 
72 
81 

82 
83 
81 
81 
75 

66 

74 
q? 


83 
69 
56 

84 
92 
93 
80 
55 

85 
78 
78 
71 
68 

72 
78 
68 
83 
82 

60 


85 
79 
79 

79 
84 
84 
82 
71 


82 
76 
75 


81 




85 
80 
92 

92 
90 
89 

87 


86 








Indiana . . 


62 78 

49 77 

89 83 

86 82 
m 82 
68j 78 
45 68 

801 78 
78 77 
















78 






85 

87 
88 
88 










Michigan 






















93 


87 






Minnesota 
















77 
62 


86 
76 














Missouri 
















North Dakota.. 


















South Dakota.. 










87 
85 
86 
80 

82 
86 
83 
86 
92 

75 
80 
















NebrasJca 


68 
57 
64 

70 
72 
65 
68 
65 

47 
58 
86 
85 
92 

92 
90 
95 
94 

83 
83 
75 
91 

78.4 


69 
65 
79 

82 
80 
77 
76 
68 

58 
72 
90 
89 

87 

81 
87 
90 
90 

90 
84 
89 
90 

80.7 


78 
71 
80 

83 
85 
82 
81 
73 

64 


87 
83 
73 

81 

"'67 


80 
7'' 






82 
80 
82 

85 

84 
82 
8S 
78 

80 
82 


90 
90 


86 
80 
























Kentucky 

Tennessee 


82 

82 
81 
86 


























84 
86 
87 
84 

73 
82 


8? 


Alabama 


83 
80 
81 
83 


86 
87 
91 
81 










86 


Mississippi 










85 


L/OuLsiana 










89 


Texas 


88 

77 
75 


76 

71 

84 










79 


Oklahoma 










7"^ 


Arkansas 


68 73 


79 


82 










80 


Montana 


90 




89 
96 
95 

95 

"'99 
98 

96 
87 
87 
92 

92.5 


94 
95 
92 








Wyoming 

Colorado 


92 92 


85 
97 

92 
90 
95 


] 




















95 

95 
90 
95 
95 

82 


86 

81 
83 
90 


87 
67 


90 
94 


80 






95 

95 
96 
95 


83 

80 
90 
92 










New Mexico 










75 


71 


Arizona 








87 
96 






W 


Utah 


96 94 


93 


















Nevada 


96 

86 
88 
88 
93 

81.9 


93 

94 
89 
91 
92 

84.4 


















Idaho 


91 


84 

"82 
95 

81.2 


87 
88 
92 
90 

S.3.8 














92 
91 
92 
91 

89. S 










Washington 


84! 88 














88 
78 
90 

77.8 


92 
90 
91 

87.9 






Oregon 


81 
91 

84.5 


90 

88 

83.6 



















Calif omia 














95 
85.5 


91 


U.S 




78.1 


75.0 


81.8 


89.1 


79.7 


82.2 


85. 3 



32 farmers' bulletin 620. 

PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

Table 19. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States. 



State. 



Maine 

N. Hampshire.. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts.. 
Rhode Island... 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
NorthCarolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota.. 
South Dakota.. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico...". 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States 



Aug. 15, 1914. 



Hogs. 



Dol- 
lars. 
8.10 
9.00 
8.10 
10.50 
9.30 

11.30 
8.70 
8.30 
8.90 
9.10 

8.20 
8.20 
8.20 
8.40 
7.80 

8.20 
7.10 
8.00 
8.90 
8.80 

8.40 
8.30 
8.00 
8.50 
8.20 

7.10 
7.80 
7.20 
8.40 
8.00 

7.70 
7.20 
6.70 
6.80 
7.40 

7.90 
6.40 
7.50 
8.50 
8.10 

7.20 
7.90 
7.30 
8.30 

7.70 
7.90 
7.90 
8.20 

8.11 



o be 



Dol 
lars 

7. (iO 

8. 22 

7. IS 
8.43 
8.38 

9.00 
7.50 
8.38 
7.92 
7.50 

7.98 
7.12 
7.40 
7.42 
7.38 

6. 98 
6. 35 
7.88 
7.85 
7.60 

7.58 
7.30 
7.18 
7.50 
7.38 

6.62 
7.00 
7.18 
7. 35 
7.32 

6.90 
6.90 
6.68 
6.10 
6.85 



Beef 
enttle. 



Dol 
lars. 
7.50 
8.00 
5.80 
8.00 



9.60 
0.50 
8.00 
7.70 
6.20 

7.00 
6.50 
6.70 
5.40 
4.80 

4.70 
5.40 
7.30 
7.20 
7.50 

6.60 
6.40 
6.10 
7.80 
6.90 

6.20 
6.90 
7.60 
7.40 
6.30 

5.90 

4.50 
4.50 
6.00 
5.60 



7. 18 5. 80 

6.12 4.90 

7.52 6.50 

7.32 7.80 

7.42 6.50 



7.45 
7. 63 
7.12 

8.17 

7.42 
8.12 
8.02 
7.20 

7.30 



C3 tuo 
© 03 



Dol- 
lars. 
7.15 
6.80 
5.17 
6.67 



8.3 

5.42 

6.33 

6.15 

5.60 

5.78 

4 

5.10 

4.20 

3.78 

4.02 
4.98 
5.82 
5.58 
5. 

5.12 
4.60 
4.45 
6.02 
5.62 



Sheep 



Dol- 
lars. 
5.10 
7.00 
4.10 



4.25 

8.50 
4.50 
5.00 
5.60 
5.50 

5.50 

4.50 
4.50 
4.70 
5.70 

4.20 
5.90 
4.50 
4.10 
4.50 

4.70 

4. 

4.90 

5.10 

4.10 



4.35 5.10 

5.10 5.20 

5.62 5.70 

5.52 5.20 

4. 85 3. 80 



4.18 
3.35 
3 48 
4.12 
4.32 

4.40 
3.70 
5.93 
5.12 
5.22 



3 90 
4.70 
4.00 
5. SO 
4.60 

4.60 
3.60 
5.10 
5.80 
5.50 



C3 b/i 



Dol- 
lars. 
4.42 
5. 83 
3.62 



6.10 
6.60 
6.10 
6.40 

6.47 



5.22i 4.40 

5.58 5.10 

5.60 4.50 

5.62 5.10 

5.08 4.87 



7.00 
4.25 
4.67 
5.55 
4.30 

4.53 
3.80 
3.85 
4.38 
4.60 

4.25 
5.33 
3. 65 
3. 58 
3.82 

4.25 
3.90 
3.90 
4.00 
3.75 



Milch 
cows. 



Dol- 
lars. 
(iO. 00 
60.00 
58. 00 
80.00 
76. 00 



72.00 
65. 40 
76.50 
03.80 
53. 00 

55.00 
48. 90 
54. 00 
39. 50 
42.00 



Dol- 
lars. 
49.78 
54.48 
47.30 
52.25 
68.12 

62.97 
54.50 
61.25 
50.42 
45.20 

40. 6 

37.08 

41.45 

33.48 

38.35 



39. 30 32. 70 
46. 00 40. 35 
63. 00 49. 68 
5.5.60 46.20 
62. 50 50. 05 

61.00 46.15 
74.90 49.28 
63.40 43.85 
04. SO 49.62 
58.00 45.65 



4.48 65.50 46.50 



4. 18 66. 60 
4. 35 70. 00 
4. 32 62. 80 
3. 50 49. 00 



3 52 
3.82 
3.32 
4.18 
4.22 

4.35 
3.55 
4.43 
4.80 
4.68 



6.40 5.20 5.40 4.37 

6.20 5.07 3.80 4.13 

6.00 5.10 5.40 5.02 

6.10 6.50 5.20 4.17 



4.18 
4.58 
4.42 
4.50 

4.31 



40. 10 
39.20 
40.20 
40.00 
57.00 

55.00 
42.10 
80.00 
83. 00 
70.00 

59. 50 
94.00 
68.20 
80.00 

78.00 
80.00 
68. 00 
70.00 

60.72 



46.30 
48.50 
46. 
39.20 

36.65 
31 05 
31.10 
33.10 
42.80 

42. 45 
30.88 
57.25 
58.12 
54.30 

50. 32 
60.00 
46.82 
69.50 

56.32 

62.82 
54.28 
54. 02 

46.48 



Horses. 



Dol- 
lars. 
200 
170 
170 
250 
250 

200 
172 
170 
180 
130 

137 
146 
146 
155 
173 

ICO 
145 
158 
141 
142 

1 

172 

155 

149 

115 

136 
124 
130 
118 

121 

137 
138 
125 
110 
92 



122 
92 
105 

65 
101 
120 
140 

110 
123 



135. 21 



c3 bo 

< > 

T 03 



Dol- 
lars. 
201 
180 
164 
210 
230 

211 
180 
174 
173 
140 

150 
139 
140 
149 
176 

156 
146 
166 
151 
154 

173 
172 
162 
164 
126 

14 

135 

131 

128 

131 

145 
138 
121 
96 
94 

107 
111 
141 
94 
120 

82 
112 
115 
135 

142 
150 
121 
145 



Sept. 1, 1914. 



Butter. 



142.69 25.3 



Cts. 
30 
31 
30 
34 
33 

33 
29 
32 

28 
26 

25 
23 
23 
23 

25 

24 
31 

24 



Eggs. 



Chickens. 



Cts. 
30 
32 
27 
38 
34 

33 
29 
31 

26 
25 

23 
21 
21 
20 
20 

20 
25 
22 
20 
19 

22 
21 
21 
20 
17 

19 

18 
17 
17 
16 

16 
18 
17 
19 
17 

16 
16 
26 
25 
26 

29 
31 
22 
37 

22 
29 
27 
29 



... ® 

c6 bo 
4C c3 



Ct-l. 
28 
30 
27 
34 
36 



Cts. 
14.4 
16.0 
14.3 
19.5 
17.0 

18.0 
16.2 
18.7 
15.7 
15.0 

16.0 
14.8 
14.1 
13.3 
12.8 

13.9 
17.5 
13.3 
12.3 
12.3 

13.0 
12.7 
11.4 
11.8 
11.6 

11.6 
10.2 
11.0 
10.1 
12.0 

11.8 
13.2 
12.9 
14.0 
10.7 

10.1 
11.0 
13.2 
10.6 
14.0 

14.0 
19.4 
13.1 
22.0 

12.0 
13.8 
13.7 
16.0 

12.7 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 33 

Table 20. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Product. 



IIoRs per 100 lbs.. 

Beef cattle do 

Veal calves do 

Sheep do 

Lambs do 

Milch cows. per head.. 

Horses do 

noney, comb. per lb. , 
W 6 1, unwashed, 

per lb 

Peamits per lb. 

Apples per bu. 

Peaches do 

Pears do 

Beans do... 

Sweet potatoes. do. . . 

Tomatoes do... 

Onions do. . . 

Cabbages, per 100 lbs. 
Clover seed.. per bu. 
Timothy seed. .do. .. 

Alfalfa seed do... 

Broom corn. per ton. 

Cotton seed do... 

Hops per lb. 

Paid by farmers: 
Clover seed, 

per bu 

T imo tliy seed, 

per hu.". 

.A.lfalfa seed, 

per bu 

Bran ...per ton. 



Aug. 15. 



Sept. 15. 



$8.11 
6.47 
8.08 
4.87 
6.26 

60. 72 

135. 00 

. 1.35 

.187 
.049 

.69 
1.05 

.99 
2.54 



.92 
1.38 
1.74 
8.76 
2.43 

0.81 
91.00 
20.16 
.200 



10.39 
3.17 



7.79 

27.24 



$7.79 
5.91 
7.53 
4.32 
5.50 

54. 78 
141.00 
.138 

.158 
.049 



1.26 

1.10 

2.11 

.99 

.96 
1.05 
2.15 
9.37 
2.01 

7.96 
91.00 
20.24 



11.94 

2.76 



10.06 
25.10 



S7.ll 
5.37 
6.62 
4.26 
5.60 

46.11 
142.00 
.137 

.188 
.050 

.68 
1.08 
1.06 
2.40 
1.02 



1.00 
1.88 
9.80 
3.20 

8.58 
83.00 
18.02 

.188 



11.78 
3.89 



10.07 
27.41 



$6. 54 
4.39 
5.93 
3.98 
5.25 

42.26 
141.00 
.136 

.160 
.053 

.73 
1.38 
1.18 
2.20 
1.07 



1.16 
2.47 
9.65 
6.52 



72.00 

20.45 

.365 



$7.78 
4.64 
6.29 
4.68 
5.70 

42.77 

148.00 

.135 

.195 
.045 

.74 
1.11 



2.27 
.83 



1.00 
1.89 
7.53 



25. 19 



$7.68 
5.92 
7.73 
4. 23 
5.51 



$7.47 
5.35 
6.83 
4.11 
5.49 



55. 78 46. 79 
141.00 141.00 
. 138 . 135 



.158 
.049 

.76 
1..36 
1.19 
2.08 

.90 

.68 
1.04 
1.79 
7.31 
2.13 

7.42 
106. 00 
21.07 
.209 



.187 
.048 

.62 
1. 10 
1.00 
2. .38 

.89 

.59 

.89 

1.25 

9.39 

2.09 

9.02 
77.00 
17.61 
.198 



10.22 

2.84 



8.96 
26.59 



11. CI 

3. Of. 



10.52 
26.82 



July 15 



$7.72 
6.38 
7.80 
4.75 
6.55 

59.67 
137.00 
. 135 

.185 
.052 

.91 
1.20 



2.22 
.94 

1.67 
1.70 
2.66 
8.12 
2.32 

6.92 
88.00 
22.78 
.147 



9.79 
2.99 



8.29 
26.36 



$7.81 
5.98 
7.46 
4.20 
6.05 

54.80 
143.00 
.139 

.159 
.051 

.86 
1..30 



2.22 

.89 

1.61 
1.02 
2.64 
9.78 
1.94 

8.20 
57. 00 
21.37 

.148 



12. 12 

2.57 



9.41 
24. 05 



$3.64 
5.17 
6.33 
4.21 
5.74 

45.41 
142.00 
.139 

.189 
.049 

.82 
1.12 



2.47 
1.13 

1.27 
1.14 
2.29 
10.64 
5.96 

8.32 
85. 00 
19.04 



12.82 
6.59 



10.07 
28.41 



Table 21. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers. 



Products and markets. 



Sept. 1,1914. 



July, 1914. 



Aug., 1913. 



Aug., 1912. 



V/heat per bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St Louis 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter. New York i 

Corn per bushel: 

No. 2 mi.xed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2 mixed, New York i 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

llye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago 

Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timothy, 

Chicago 

TTops per pound: Choice, New York.. 
Wool per poimd: 

Ohio fine unwashed, Boston 

Best tub washed, St. Louis 

Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of 

sales, Chicago 

Butter per pound : 

Creamery , extra, New York 

Creamery , extra, E Igin 

I'ggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh. New York 

Average best fresh, St. Louis 

Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New 
York 



. 10 -$1. 
.12-1. 
.19-1. 

.79 - . 

.79i- . 



. 50 -15. 
.35 - . 



.25 - 
.32 - 



9. 05 - 9. 45 



.28"- 



.37 
.211 



;0. 80 -$1. 14 
. 85 J- 1. 16 
.95-1. 22 

.77J- .87 
. 74 - .86 
. 82 - . 93J 

.34 - .50 
.33^- .483 
.67 - 1.01 

.5. 00 -18. 50 
. 35 - .37 

. 25 - . 25 
. 32 - .33 

7. 90 - 9. 90 

. 28^ . 32 
. 28 - . 30? 



. 76 -$0. 91 
.771- .9.5J, 
.88.i- 1.02i 



0. 84J-$0. 92| 
. 84 - . 90.V 
941.- .97" 

.69i- .78i 
.68|- .78i 



. 35 - . 38J 
.34|- .39-1 
. 55 - .72 

14. 50 -18. 00 
35 - .38 



. 44 - .39 
.m%- .42| 
.61'- .70i 

16. 50 -19. 00 
. 19 - .20 



.25 
.33 



.20 

.29 



.21 
.30 



8. 50 - 9. 50 



.26f- 
.26 - 



.29J 

.28 



. 24 - . 31 
. 18 - .19 



7. 75 - 9. 00 



. 26?,- . 30 
. 20 - . 27i 



. 27 - .36 
.14 - .17 



. 16 - . 16i 



.151 



98 -$1. 12 
00 - 1.07| 
07 - 1.10 



.71^ 
.73i- 
.811- 

.291- 
.31 - 
.68 - 



.801 

.83 

.83 

.301 

.35 

.75* 



. 00 -22. 00 
. 23 - .30 



7. 50 - 8. 65 



.26 - 
.25 - 



.27i 
.25" 

.32 
.19J 

.lOi 



1 F. o. b. afloat. . . , , , 

2 September colored— September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, mclusive; colored Angus : 



34 FAEMEKS' BULLETIN G20. 

Table 22. — The equivalent in yield per acre of 100 per cen t condition on Oct. 1 in each State. 



State. 


Corn. 


Buck- 
wheat. 


Pota- 
toes. 


Sweet 
pota- 
toes. 


Tobac- 
co. 


Flax. 


Rice. 


Cotton. 




Bush. 
50.0 
50.0 
50.0 
50.0 
44.0 

51.0 
46 
44.2 
49.4 
39.0 

42.5 
30.6 
37.4 
22.4 
22.0 

17.5 
16.0 
46.0 
45.0 
44.0 

41.5 
42.5 
40.0 
44.0 
38. 

32.0 
34.0 
35.5 
32.0 
34.2 

31.0 
20.2 
22.5 
25.5 
28.5 

31.5 
26.5 
34.0 
28.5 
26.0 

31.5 
36.5 
35.0 
35.0 

34.5 
33. 5 
32.0 
41.0 


Bush. 
34.5 
32.0 
28.0 
23.5 

22.0 
27.5 
27.0 
2.5.2 
23.0 

22.0 
2.3.0 
27.0 
22.0 

"'24.'5" 
21.5 
22.5 

20.4 
19.5 
20.5 
20.0 
19.5 

'"'22.' 5' 
18.0 

19.3 


Bush. 
240 
162 
160 
150 
162 

142 
126 
132 
122 
123 

122 
111 
118 
100 
107 

94 
110 
118 
120 
116 

137 
140 
134 
130 

107 

125 
104 
105 
101 

io-> 

98 
100 
110 
92 
02 

100 
102 
175 
160 
•160 

125 
120 
194 
172 

197 
185 
150 
150 


Bush. 


Lbs. 


Bush. 


Bush. 


Lbs. 






1,S.50 
1,8.50 
1,850 
























Rhode Island 










15.5 


1,850 
1,470 








New York 
















137 
148 

146 
121 
129 
115 
114 

105 
124 
131 
1.32 
126 


1,600 


1 




Delaware 










870 
900 
900 

820 
940 

900 

930 

1,080 

1,040 

930 














310 










North Carolina 


■■■Z 


31.8 
30.5 

33.0 
30.0 


330 




310 




264 


Florida . . 


170 


Ohio 




Indiana 








Illinois 








Michigan ... 












1,.470 


15.5 
12.0 
12.4 
9.6 

11.1 
10.5 
10.1 
9.2 












Iowa 


r27 

125 


"i,'i66" 










390 


North Dakota > 




South Dakota 












120 
127 
112 

109 
112 
114 
104 
110 

128 
119 


"'i.'oso' 

920 
700 






Kansas . 






Kentucky 






Tennes.see 






275 


Alabama 




34.5 
36.5 
38.0 
39.5 

"'"43."6' 


255 




295 


Louisiana 


590 
820 

826' 


13.0 

""ii'i" 


290 




255 




m 

280 


Arkansas 


281 


Montana 




Wyommg 










Colorado 






9.5 






New Mexico 


185 
155 








Arizona 










Utah 






















Idaho 




































California 


180 






54.0 














35.0 


25.6 


132.4 


116.5 


1,004 


11.3 


39.2 


279.9 







THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



35 




3& 



FAKMEKS BULLETIN 620. 




?5 < w 

O H fe 

^ ^ w 
pk O w 



2;" £2 2 

H 2 o 
H O J 

s^ 

< W g 

3^ < 

^ ■ w 

^ Q w 
P^ S a 
^ <3 53 

500 

h o fe 



oj (1) ^ - H 
5 5 O j3 O 



>, m g 0, ' 



^-Q 



_ .2 ^ O 00 

52 S "* >, a j3 






i^ ti j .2 



^ -« -O 



5 Cj 



o >, u 

43 K 



S"0 



W 



a -s h -^ 



rt &"i 



.9 'O 



^ IT3 o 9 

^ si's 

•^ <t> ^^ P 5 

o 's t « .2 

Ti ■*- < 



60 iT 



a> Cii c^ o "^ 5^5 






'O _2 t* ^ - 



j3 2 m 



£; (► <u ■« a 



C O O Q j3 



a -3 



IP u 
O -tJ 

i> S 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



37 




38 



EARMEEy BULLETIiS" 620. 




THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



39 




WASHINGTON' : GOVERN'MENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1914 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. 
October 16, 1914. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 



General review of crop conditions, October 1, 

1914 

The wheat crop of 191.J-14 

Wheat supplies and requirements 

The "world " wheat crop in 191 1 

Disposition of feed crops 

The cotton crop 

The British Indian cotton area m 1915 

Sugar-beet forecast 

Florida and California crop report 



Citrus fruit prospects in Spain, Portugal, 
Greece, Turkey, Algeria, and the United 

States, 1914-15 12 

Trend of prices of farm products 14 

Crops of Canada in 1914 14 

Ta -Ting pains 15 

Condition, production, forecast, and prices of 

specified crops (tables) 19 

Prices of farm products (tables) 28 

Crop conditions October 1, 1914 (chart) -31 

Temperature and precipitation (charts) 32 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF THE NOVEMBER CROP REPORTS. 

On Monday, November 9, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time), the Bureau of Crop Estimate?, 
LTnitecl States Department of Agriculture, will issue a crop summary which will give 
the following inform.ation: The production and quality of corn, buckwheat, potatoes, 
tobacco, flaxseed; the' percentage of the 1913 corn crop on farms N.ovember 1, 1914; 
the average weight per measured bushel of the wheat, oats, and barley crops of this 
year; production of apples, based upon estimates in percentage of a full crop, and 
quality of the same. 

A general review of crop conditions on November 1 will be given, which will include 
the following items: The production, compared -ndth a full crop, of clover seed, grapes, 
pears, cranberries, peanuts, kafir corn, cowpeas; average }-ield of sirup per acre of 
sorghum ; condition on November 1, or at time of harvest, of sugar cane and sugar beets. 
No report on cotton will be issued in November. 



GENERAL REVIEW OF CROP CONDITIONS OCTOBER 1, 1914. 

The month of September was, on the whole, favorabh^ for maturmg 
and harvesting crops in the United States, as a result of which the 
expectation of pelds increased 1.4 per cent; on October 1 (or at time 
of harvest) the com.posite condition of all crops was 99.3 per cent of 
average conditions, indicating 6.4 per cent better yields than last 
year, when production was below average. 

The m.ost marked improvement durmg the month was made in 
tobacco, potatoes, and corn. The production of oats was slightly 
above earlier expectations, and about an average total production; 
64991°— Bull. 629—14 1 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 629. 



spring wheat production, however, fell moderately short of early 
expectations and materially short of the average. The total wheat 
production comes within 8,000,000 bushels of reaching 900,000,000 
bushels. Last year's crop of 763,000,000 bushels was the record 
production to that time. The October 1 forecast of the corn crop 
was higher than the September 1 forecast by 78,000,000 bushels. 
The conditions on October 1 and since then have been favorable for 
its maturity; less damage from frost than usual has occurred; itis 
probable, therefore, that the production this year will not be far 
from 2,700,000,000 bushels, as compared with 2,447,000,000 last year, 
3,126,000,000 in the record year of 1912, and 2,708,000,000, the aver- 
age of the past five years. 

The total production of all cereals, based upon condition October 
1, will be about 126,760,000 tons, as compared with 115,699,000 tons 
last year. 

The potato crop is maturing favorably, mdicating a production of 
384,000,000 bushels, and may rank second in size, exceeded only by 
the 1912 big crop of 421,000,000 bushels. 

The latest forecast of apple production, 230,000,000 bushels, is 
within 5,000,000 of the estimated record crop of 1912. There will 
probably be a plentiful supply of potatoes and apples this winter. 

The cotton crop improved in condition during September in the 
eastern and central sections, but fell off slightly in the western, the 
net change being an improvement; conditions on September 25 were 
8.3 per cent above average in the eastern portion of the cotton belt, 
6 per cent above average in the central, and 7.6 per cent above in 
the western portion. Indications point to a crop of more than 
15,000,000 bales, second only to the record crop of 15,693,000 bales 
in 1911. Owing to the decline in price of cotton, it is thought by 
many that the crop will not be thoroughly picked. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates makes 
the following estimates from reports of its correspondents and agents: 



Table 1. — Estimated condition and acreage of specified croj)s: Total for tht 

States. 



United 



Crop. 



Corn 

Buckwheat 

Wbite potatoes. 
Sweet potatoes. 
Tobacco 



Flax... 
Rice. .. 
Cotton. 
Apples. 



Condition in percentage of normal. 



Oct. 1, 
1914. 



72.9 
' 83.3 

78.0 

80.7 

'81.8 

177.4 
1 8S"6 

273.5 

69.1 



Oct. 1, 
1E)13. 



65.3 

I 65. 9 

67.7 

80.1 

176.6 

174.7 

1 80.3 

2 64.1 
46.6 



Oct. 1, 
10-year 
average. 



79.1 

1 82. 5 
75.7 
82. 7 

182.5 

•78.5 
186.4 

2 68.5 
53.1 



Sept. 1, 
1914. 



71.7 

87.1 
75.8 
81.8 
71.4 

72.9 

88.9 

2 78.0 

61.9 



Acreage, 1914. 



Per cent 
of 1913. 



99.3 
98.9 
101.1 
94.9 
94.6 

84.1 
85.2 



Acres. 



105,067,000 

796, 000 

3, 70S, 000 

593, 000 

1,151,000 

1,927,000 

704, 800 

36,960,000 



Condition at time of harvest. 



2 Condition 25th of preceding month. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



Such preliminary estimates of this year's crops as have been 
made, together with yields indicated by the condition of crops on 
October 1 or at time of harvest, and the final yields in preceding 
years, for comparison, follow: 



Tabli- 2.- 



-Estimnted and indicated yields per acre and total production of specified crops, 
and farm price Oct. 1, 1914: Total for the United States. 



Crop. 



Winter wheat bushels. 

Spring wheat do... 

All wheat do. . . 

Corn do . . . 

Oats do . . 

Barley do . . . 

Rye ." do... 

Buckwheat do. . . 

White potatoes do. . . 

Sweet potatoes do. . . 

Tobacco pounds. 

Fla.xseed bushels . 

Rice do.. . 

Hay (tame) tons. 

Apples bushels . 



Yield per acre. 



2 19.1 
2 12.1 

2 16.7 

25.5 

2 29.6 

2 26.1 
2 16. 8 

21.. 3 
103.3 

94.0 

821. 3 
8.7 
3!. 5 
2 1.42 



1909- 
1913 

aver- 
age. 



15.6 
13.3 
14.7 
25.9 
30.6 

24.3 
16.1 
20.5 
97.1 
92.7 

815.1 
7.8 
33.3 
1.34 



Total production in millions. 



Octo- 
ber 
fore- 
cast. 



2 675 
2 217 
2 892 
2, 076 
i 1,137 

2 197 

2 43 

17 

382 

55 

954 

17 

24 

2 69 

2:50 



Sep- 
tember 
fore- 
cast. 



2 675 

221 

896 

2,598 

1,116 

200 
2 43 

17 
371 

55 

862 

15 

24 

2C9 

220 



1913 
(final). 



523 

240 

763 

2,447 

1,122 

178 
41 
14 

332 
59 

954 
18 
26 
64 

145 



1909- 
1913 
aver- 
a£;e 
(final). 



441 

245 

686 

2,708 

1,1S1 

182 
35 
17 

357 

58 

996 
20 
24 
66 

176 



Price, Oct. 1. 



1914 



Cents. 
94.4 
91.8 
93.5 
78.2 
43.3 

51.8 
79.0 
78.7 
64.7 
87.3 



S11.77 
3 61.6 



1913 



Cents. 
SI. 2 
74.0 
77.9 
75.3 
39.6 

56.8 
64.8 
74.1 
73.9 



122.6 



$12. 22 
3 76.5 



190^ 
1913 

aver- 
age. 



Cents. 
SS. 5 
84.3 
87.6 
67.9 
38.6 

60.6 
72.0 
71.9 
69.1 



166.3 



S12.07 
S70.6 



Interpreted from condition reports. 



2 Preliminarv estimate. 



•'' .\verage Sept. 15. 



The condition of specified crops October 1, 1914 (or at time of 
harvest), as compared with their average (not normal) condition, 
was as follows, expressed in percentage: 

Apples, 130.1; cranberries, 124.2; grapes, 109.2; cotton, 107.3; 
pears, 106.8; potatoes, 103.4; sugar beets, 102.9; lemons, 102.3; 
oranges, 102.2; rice, 101.9; peanuts, 101.1; buckwheat, 101; sor- 
ghum, 99.8; tobacco, 99.2; flax, 98.6; sweet potatoes, 97.6; sugar 
cane, 93.3; corn, 92.2; clover seed, 85. 

Similarly as to production (instead of condition) of the following, 
100 representing an average production: 

Kafir com, 108.9; broom corn, 103.3; millet hay, 102.4; cabbages, 
102.3; beans, 101.9; onions, 101.2; millet seed, 100.4; tomatoes, 
96.4; hemp, 91.5; alfalfa seed, 86.5. The yield per acre of hops is 
estimated at 91.3 per cent of the average. 

Of the crops estimated quantitatively, estimated total production, 
compared with last year, is as follows (100 representing last year's 
total production) : 

Corn, 109.4; wheat, 116.9; oats, 101.3; barley, 110.3; rye, 103.1; 
buckwheat, 122; potatoes, 115.3; sweet potatoes, 93.7; hay, 107; 
flaxseed, 94.2; tobacco, 100.1; apples, 158.4. 



4 FAEMEES BULLETIN 629. 

Table 3.- — Combined condition of all crops {100=avcrage) and change during September, 

by States. 



State. 


Com- 
bined 

con- 
dition 

(per 
cent). 


Change. 


State. 


Com- 
bined 

con- 
dition 

(per 
cent). 


Change. 


State. 


Com- 
bined 

con- 
dition 

(per 
cent). 


Change. 


Maine 


111.8 
109.7 
91.1 
112.1 
106.5 

107.9 
105.0 
106.2 
103.2 

105.7 
111.0 

86.8 
89.8 

102.7 
99.5 
99.9 
99.7 


+ 1.0 
+ 1.7 
-5.7 
+ .9 
+ .5 

- .9 
+ 1.3 

- .5 
0.0 

0.0 

+ .8 
+ 1.3 
+3.4 

+ 1.6 

- .4 
-3.4 

- .3 


Ohio 


98.3 
91.1 
84.9 
109.2 
103.4 

93.4 
100.4 

82.2 
100.2 

94.0 
101.6 
119.6 

97.8 

96.2 
105.1 

99.9 
100.7 


+2.1 
+4.8 
+3.3 
+ L1 
+ L6 

+2.4 
+3.1 
+ 1.4 
+ 1.3 

-1.4 
+ 1.9 

+ 7.4 

+ 1.9 
+ 6.8 
+ 1.0 
+ 4.5 


Texas.. 


101.2 
105.9 
94.8 
90:7 
99.2 

107.4 
110.9 
97.6 
99.5 

119.4 
94.6 

101.0 
94.2 

108.6 


3 6 


New Hampshire 


Indiana 


Oklahoma 


+3.6 
+2.3 

- .8 

- .3 

+ .9 

4 


Vermont 


Illinois 


Massachusetts... 
Rhode Island . . . 

Connecticut 

New York 


Michigan 

Wisconsin, 

Minnesota 


Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico..... 


New Jersey 


Missoiu-i 


_ .1 


Pennsylvania... 


North Dakota... 

South Dakota... 
Nebraska 


Utah 


+ .8 


Delaware 


Nevada 


+ 5 


Maryland 


Idaho 


— .4 


Virginia 


Washington 


1 4 


West Virginia... 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 


0.0 




California 

United States. 


+ .1 


South Carolina.. 
Georgia 


99.3 


+ L4 


Florida 









THE WHEAT CROP OF 1913-14. 

By Nat C. Murray, Assistant Statistician. 

Tlie wheat crop of the United States in 1913 was estimated as 
763,000,000 bushels. The amount carried over from the 1912 crop 
by farmers was 36,000,000 bushels, and the amount on farms at the 
close of the crop year was 32,000,000; consequently the total disap- 
pearance during the year was 767,000,000 bushels. It is estimated 
that about 660,000,000 bushels were marketed and 107,000,000 used 
on farms as seed and feed. 

The wheat crop is harvested within a short period and consumed 
more or less evenly throughout the year. Supplies are therefore 
large immediately after harvest and diminish gradually as the year 
advances. The consumption for food in this country last year 
averaged about 44,000,000 bushels per month. 

The monthly receipts of wheat by mills and elevators from farmers 
during the past year have been obtained by the Bureau of Crop 
Estimates and form the basis for the following estimate of the 
position of the wheat supplies on the first of each month. The 
difference between the cjuantity marketed by farmers and the c{uantity 
cDnsumed and exported indicates the increase or diminution of com- 
mercial stocks. 

The stock in commercial hands on July 1, 1913, is estimated at 
about 60,000,000 bushels. For the purpose of simplicity it is assumed 
that the season's crop is in the farmers' hands at the b^inning of 
the crop year, July 1 . Even though the entire crop is not harvested 
by that date, tlie crop is potentially in the farmers' possession, 



THE AGRICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 5 

except the small proportion which is marketed before July 1. The 
figures given in Table 4 refer to wheat ultimately marketed and do 
not include the wheat used on the farm for seed and feed. 

The total quantity of wheat held by farmers naturally diminishes 
from month to month as the season progresses, but the quantity in 
commercial channels accumulated until December, then diminished. 
Farmers held the bulk of supplies until after January 1. 

Table 4. — Estimated movement and position ofiuheat stocks in the United States, montkly, 
July 1, 1913, to July 1, 1914} 

[Quantities expressed in millions of busliels.] 







Disappearance 


o 

a 


Supplies on hand first of each 
month. 


Percentage 
of total 
s t c !•: s 
lield by— 


P 


« oi „^ 


Month. 


ft 

o 
o 


1 


"3 
o 


3 

o 


a 
o 


.3 
'3 
® 

a 
a 

8 


3- 

P 
If 

a-- 


■B.2 

a 2 
i.s 


i 

a 


® 


0.3.3 

lis 

3 o I-, 


July, 1913 

Aug., 1913 

Sept., 1913.... 

Oct., 1913 

Nov., 1913 

Dec., 1913 

Jan., 1914 

Feb., 1914 

Mar., 1914 

Apr., 1914 

May, 1914 

June, 1914 

July 1, 1914 


108 
88 
94 

85 
64 
50 

44 
32 

28 

19 
23 
25 


44 
44 
44 

44 
44 
44 

44 
44 

44 

44 
44 
44 


13 
28 

17 

13 
10 
11 

10 

8 

7 

11 
11 


57 ' 

72 

61 

57 
54 
55 

54 
52 
51 

51 
55 
55 


+51 
+ 16 
+33 

+28 
+ 10 
- 5 

-10 
-20 
-23 

-32 
-32 
-30 


752 
685 
613 

552 
495 
441 

386 
332 

280 

229 
178 
123 
68 


692 

584 
496 

402 
317 
253 

203 
159 

127 

99 
80 
57 
32 


60 
101 
117 

150 
178 
188 

183 
173 
153 

130 
98 
66 
36 


29 
38 
45 

51 
55 
59 

64 
60 
57 

52 
43 
29 
14 


31 
63 
72 

90 
123 

129 

119 
113 
96 

78 
55 
37 
22 


92 

85 

81 

73 
(J4 
57 

53 

48 
45 

43 
45 
46 
47 


8 
15 
19 

27 
36 
43 

47 
52 
55 

57 
55 
54 
53 


48 
38 
38 

34 
31 
31 

35 
35 

37 

40 
44 
44 
39 


4 
6 

7 

9 
11 
13 

17 

18 
20 

23 
24 
24 
21 










1 




The year . . 


660 


528 


146 


674 




1 




















1 

















1 Similar data for the three-year period 1909-10 to 1911-12 were published in the Crop Reporter, March, 
1913. 

2 E.xcluding wheat used on farms. 

WHEAT SUPPLIES AND REQUIREMENTS. 

By Nat 0. Murray, Assistant Statistician. 

The requirements of wheat for food in the United States during 
the 1914-15 crop year are estimated at about 525,000,000 bushels, and 
the requirements for seeding at approximately 77,000,000, making a 
total for food and seeding of 002,000,000 bushels. The prehminary 
estimate of production is 892,000,000. This allows 290,000,000 surplus 
for exportation and feed for live stock. Usually only a small quantity 
is fed to live stock; last year, however, a large wheat crop coincident 
with a shortage of corn in several States caused considerable feeding 
of wheat, amounting probal)ly to nearly 30,000,000 bushels. A 
year ago the country price of wheat and corn averaged almost the 
same; now wheat averages more than 15 cents per bushel higher 
than corn. This difference would tend to check the use of wheat for 



6 



FAKMEES BULLETIN 029. 



feed. It would seem, therefore, that most of the 290,000,000 bushels 
surplus might be available for exportation. The largest amount of 
wheat (including flour reduced to wheat equivalent) ever exported 
from the United States in one year is 235,000,000 bushels in 1901. 
Last year 146,000,000 bushels were exported. 

The total estimated requirements for food and seeding, by States, 
and the surplus or deficiency of home j^i'oduction to meet such re- 
quirements, are shown in Table 14, page 18. 



THE " WORLD " WHEAT CROP IN 1914. 

By Charles M. Daugherty, Statistical Scientist. 

The completion this month of the wheat harvest in the Northern 
Hemisphere makes possible a general survey of the world's production 
in 1914. Though statistics of the output in all countries are not yet 
available, sufficient is known to indicate along broad lines the rela- 
tive abundance of the total crop. 

In the five principal ex-European wheat-producing countries — the 
United States, Canada, Argentina, British India, and Australia — 
which ordinarily produce upward of 40 per cent of the so-called 
world crop, the aggregate output in 1914, as officially estimated up 
to the present date, was 1,585,600,000 bushels, or 60,000,000 bushels 
less than that of 1913, but 20,000,000 larger than in 1912. The 
decrease in the production of the 5 countries this year as compared 
with last was due wholly to shortages in Canada, Argentina, and 
British India, their aggregate output having been over 200,000,000 
bushels less than a year ago, while the combined output of the United 
States and Austrafia exceeded that of the preceding year by over 
140,000,000. It is pertinent to note that the five countries produce 
all the wheat grown outside of Europe, excepting an annual total of 
from 200,000,000 to 300,000,000 bushels grown in the smaller produc- 
ing ex-European States. A statement in detail of their production 
in 1914 as compared with that of previous years follows: 



Table 5. ^Production 


of xvheat in ex-European 


countries. 




Country. 


191-t 


1913 


1912 


United States 


Bushels. 

891,950,000 

159,660,000 
1 113,904,000 

313,040,000 
1107,052,000 


Bushels. 
763,3.S0,000 
231,717,000 
198,414,0(JO 
356,864,000 
94,880,000 


Bushels. 
730,207,000 
224,159,000 
166, 190, 000 
370,515,000 
73 894,000 


Canada 


Argentina 


British India 


Australia 








Total, 5 countries 


1,585,606,000 
(2) 


1,645,255,000 
203,470,000 


1,565,025,000 
295,565,000 


Other ex-European 






Total ex-European 




1,848,725,000 


1,860,590,000 







» Year 1913-14. 

2 Total not yet available; the production In Japan, Asiatic Russia, and North Africa is known to be 
deficient, compared with that of 1913, hence figures for "other ex-European" will doubtless be less than 200 
million bushels. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 

In Europe agricultural conditions in most countries this season have 
been favorable for only moderate jdelds. Harvests were pretty well 
over before, or soon after, hostilities began, and the grain is believed 
to have been saved in generally good condition, except in territory 
actually occupied by the contending armies. Great Britain officially 
reports a crop of good quality, several million bushels larger than any 
recent one. In France the official estimate of production, usually 
published early in September, has not yet appeared; the consensus 
of popular opinion, however, is that, excepting in the northeast, an 
outturn of good quality has been secured, the quantity probably 
exceeding that of last year. The official estimates for Italy and Spain, 
published early in the season, indicate a short yield for the former, 
but for the latter an increase over that of a year ago. 

German figures on cereal areas, ordinarily given out in July, were 
issued at a much later date; official quantitative estimates of yields 
are not usually available for either Germany or Austria before 
December. In Hungary the latest of the regular semimonthly reports 
published on prospective yields is that of July 20, which indicated a 
deficiency. Commercial reports from Roumania and the Balkan 
States suggest short yields, and a recent cable report, said to give 
official figures, puts the 1914 yield in 73 governments of European 
and Asiatic Russia 183,000,000 bushels below the extraordinarily 
large crop of last year. The actual figures on production in the five 
European States from which returns have been received are shown 
in Table 6. 

Table 6. — Production of wheat in European countries. 



Country. 



Great Brilain 

Italy 

Spain 

Hungary 

Russia (73 governments) . 

Total, 5 countries . . 
Other Eui'ope 



Total Europe. 
Total "world' 



Bushels. 
63,005,000 
172,694,000 
120,313,000 
125,400,000 
779,000,000 



Bushels. 
57,141,000 
214, 105,000 
112,401,000 
151,34.S,000 
962,587,000 



1,260,412,000 



1,497,882,000 
778,293,000 



2,276,565,000 
4,125,310,000 




1,931,285,000 

3,791,875,000 



The five European countries specifically named in Table 6 produce 
normally over two- thirds of the European wheat crop. Their output 
in 1914 is 237,000,000 bushels less than in 1913, but 34,000,000 lai^er 
than in 1912. Sufficient is knov/n of the character of the crops m 
Roumania, the Balkans, and other unenumerated States to make it 
practically certain that the present shortage in this season's European 
yield will be magnified by the complete returns. The 1912 and 1913 
"world" wheat crops, it may be added, were the largest ever pro- 
duced. 



FAEMEES' BULLETIN 629. 



DISPOSITION OF FEED CROPS. 

By Nat C. Murray, Assistant Statistician. 

Nearly 39 per cent of the total value of corn, oats, barley, and hay 
used on farms of the United States is consumed by horses, 17 per cent 
by swine, 16 per cent by milch cows, 12 per cent by other cattle, 4 per 
cent by sheep, 3 per cent by poultry, 2 per cent by human beings, 
2 per cent for seed; about 5 per cent is used for other purposes, or 
is uncertain. These estimates are based upon an inquiry made of 
crop reporters of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. Tlie four crops, corn, 
oats, barley, and hay, represent the bulk of cultivated crops fed to 
live stock. The total quantity of products fed to animals would 
include a small amount of wheat and potatoes, kafir, milo, etc., and 
miU feeds; and pasturage is an important item in the feed supply, 
especially in the western range section. But of the cultivated crops, 
corn, oats, barley, and- hay represent nearly the total supply. 

In the past five years the corn crop of the United States has averaged 
about 2,708,000,000 bushels annually; oats, 1,131,000,000 bushels; 
barley, 182,000,000 bushels, and cultivated hay, 66,000,000 tons. 
The amount of prairie hay and forage crops gathered annually is not 
estimated, but in the census report for 1909 it totaled 28,000,000 tons. 
The average annual consumption of all hay and forage crops may 
therefore be estimated as about 83,000,000 tons. 

Estimates of uses made of these crops are shown in Table 7. 

Table 7. — Estimated disposition of feed crops on farms of the United States. 





Corn. 


Oats. 


Barley. 


Hay. 


Object. 


Per 

cent. 


Bushels. 


Per 
cent. 


Bushels. 


Per 

cent. 


Bushels. 


Per 
cent. 


Tons. 




27.0 
26.8 
8.6 
9.4 
2.2 
3.6 
3.4 
.8 
3.8 


731,000,000 
726, 000, 000 
233,000,000 
254,000,000 
60,000,000 
97,000,000 
92,000,000 
22,000,000 
103,000,000 


46.4 
1.8 
5.0 
1.8 
l.S 
2.2 
.9 
7.6 
4.5 


525,000,000 
20, 000, 000 
57, 000, 000 
20, 000, 000 
20,000,000 
25, 000, 000 
10,000,000 
86,000,000 
51,000,000 


14.8 
9.4 
4.4 
1.1 

.6 
2.2 

. 7 
7.1 
6.7 


27,000,000 
17,000,000 
8,000,000 
2, 000, 000 
1,000,000 
4,000,000 
2,000,000 
13,000,000 
12, 000, 000 


35.9 

.3 

23.2 

15.5 

5.1 


29, 797, 000 




249, 000 


Milch cows 


19, 256, 000 


other cattle 


12, 865, 000 


Sheep 


4,233,000 




Human beings 






Seed 








3.0 


2, 490, 000 






Total on farms 

Not used on farms 


85.6 
14.4 


2,318,000,000 
390,000,000 


72.0 
2S.0 


814,000,000 
317, 000, 000 


47.0 
53.0 


86, 000, 000 
96, 000, 000 


83. 
17.0 


68,890,000 
14, 110, 000 







If a valuation of 57 cents per bushel be estimated for corn, 37 cents 
for oats, 60 cents for barley, and $12 per ton for hay, the total value 
of these crops is distributed as foUows: 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



Table 8.- — Distribution, by value, of feed crops on farms of the United States. 

[000 omitted.] 



Crop. 



Horses 

and 
mules. 



Swine. 



Milch 
cows. 



Other 

cattle. 



Sheep, 



Poul- 
try. 



Hu- 
man. 



Seed. 



Other 



doubt- 
ful. 



Corn $416,670 

Oats 194,350 

Barley 16,200 

Hay 357,564 



1413,820 
7,400 
10,200 
2,988 



$132, 810 

21,090 

4,800 

231,072 



S144,780 

7,400 

1,200 

154, 380 



.$34,200 

7,400 

600 

50, 796 



$55,290 $52,440 
9,250 3,700 
2,400 1,200 



Total. 



984,684 



434,408 



389, 772 



307,760 



92,996 



$12, 540 

31,820 

7,800 



$58,710 
18, 870 
7,200 
29,880 



57,340 



114,660 



If the quantities and values given be applied to the average annual 
number of horses and mules, cattle, hogs, and sheep fed, estimated 
as about 25,000,000 horses and mules, 21,000,000 milch cows, 
38,000,000 other cattle, 52,000,000 sheep, and 65,000,000 swine, 
the per capita quantity and value fed to each class is estimated as 
follows : 

Table 9. — Quantity and value of feed crops fed on farms, per capita of stock. 







Per capita 


quantity fed to— 


Per capita value fed to — 




x> 










T) 






































C3 . 


o 


a 






S 


^ 


ts 


































el 
O 

w 


43 
o 


O 


.a 




1^ 


43 


O 


.9 

02 


a 
.§ 

02 


Corn 


bushels.. 


29.2 


11.1 


6.7 


11.2 


1.2 


$10. 67 


$6.32 $3.81 


$6.37 


$0.66 


Oats 


do.... 


21.0 


2.7 


.5 


.3 


.4 


7.77 


1.00 1 .19 


.11 


.14 


Barley 


do.... 


1.1 


.4 


.1 


.3 




.65 


.23 1 .03 


.16 


.01 


Hay 


tons.. 


1.19 


.92 


.34 


.004 


.08 


14.30 


11.00 ! 4.06 


.05 


.98 


Total 






i ! 

1 " '""1 


39.39 


18.55 ^ 8.09 


6.69 


1.79 



The proportion of the crops utilized for different purposes varies 
from year to year, according to the size of the crop. For instance, 
when a crop is large a relatively larger proportion is consumed by 
meat-producing animals, the proportion used by swine increasing 
more than that used by horses because the number of horses is more 
uniform from year to year thau the number of swine. 

THE COTTON CROP. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates esti- 
mates, from the reports of the correspondents and agents of the 
bureau, that the condition of the cotton crop on September 25 was 
73.5 per cent of a normal, as compared with 78 on August 25, 1914, 
64.1 on September 25, 1913, 69.6 on September 25, 1912, and 68.5, 
the average on September 25 of the past 10 years. 
64991°— Bull. 629—14 2 



10 



farmers' bulletin 629. 



Table 10. — Condition of the cotton crop and farm price of lint, with comparisons, by 

States. 





Sept. 25. 


Aug 


.25. 


Change 

during 

September. 


Price to producer. 


State. 


1914 


1913 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


10- 
year 

aver- 
age. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Oct. 

1, 

1914. 


Sept. 

1, 
1914. 


Aug. 

1, 
1914. 


Oct. 

1, 

1913. 




80 
79 
72 
81 
81 

78 
68 
67 
70 
69 

70 
72 
80 
96 


75 
70 
71 

72 
78 

67 
63 
60 
63 
63 

68 
64 
42 
100 


76 
73 
72 
72 
71 

69 
66 
62 
67 

68 

74 
75 
66 


86 
82 
77 
81 
S3 

77 
75 
66 
79 
75 

76 
72 
80 
98 


81 

77 
76 

76 

78 

74 
73 
68 
70 
76 

82 
83 
73 


-6 
-3 
-5 

-2 

+ 1 
-7 
-fl 
-9 
-6 

-6 



-2 


-5 

-4 
-4 

-4 

-7 

-5 

-7 
-6 
-3 

-8 

-8 
-8 
-7 


8.0 
7.8 
8.2 
7.7 
13.5 

7.8 
8.1 
8.0 
7.4 
7.9 

8.0 

"7." 5" 
7.5 


9.6 
9.6 
8.7 
7.9 
13.0 

8.5 
9.1 

10.0 
8.3 

10.0 

10.1 
8.0 

8.8 


12.2 
12.5 
12.9 
12.9 
17.0 

12.8 
12.5 
12.2 
12.0 
11.7 

12.5 
12.1 
12.0 


14.0 


North Carolina 


13.2 


South Carolina 


13.3 


Georgia 


13.3 


Florida 


13.7 


Alabama 


13.3 


Mississippi 


13.3 




13.1 


Texas , 


13.3 




13.2 




13.4 




13.0 




13.1 


California 












United States 


73.5 


64.1 


68.5 


78.0 


73.4 


-4.5 


-4.9 


7.8 


8.7 


12.4 


13.3 







Yields per acre indicated by condition figures September 25, 1914, 
final estimates of yield per acre 1913, 1912, and 10-year average, and 
acreage planted 1914, follow. (In 1913 about 1 per cent of the planted 
area was not harvested; in 1912 about 1.4 per cent.) 



Table 11. 



Yields of cotton lint per acre and cotton acreage planted, with comparisons, 
by States. 





Yield per acre 


(pounds, lint). 


Acreage planted, 1914. 


State. 


1914, 
indicated. 


1913, 
final. 


1912, 
final. 


10-year 

average, 
final. 


Acreage. 


Per cent 

of 1913 

planted 

area. 


Virginia 


Pounds. 
248 
261 
223 
214 
138 

199 
201 
194 
178 
194 

192 
281 
224 


Pounds. 
240 
239 
235 
208 
150 

190 
204 
170 
150 
205 

210 
286 
132 
500 


Pounds. 
250 
267 
209 
159 
113 

172 
173 
193 
206 
190 

169 
260 
183 
450 


Pounds. 
222 
235 
219 
191 
122 

174 
197 
184 
171 
192 

200 
293 

184 


Acres. 

46,000 

1, 589, 000 

2,826,000 

5,398,000 

194, 000 

3,912,000 
3,148,000 
1,389,000 
12, 052, 000 
2,527,000 

866,000 

124, 000 

2,854,000 

35,000 


Per cent. 
95 


North Carolina 


100 


South Carolina 


101 


Georgia 


101 


Florida 


101 


Alabama 


103 


Mississippi 


101 


Louisiana 


110 


Texas 


95 


Arkansas 


100 


Tennessee 


100 




110 


Oklahoma 


92 


California 


250 










United States 


200.6 


182.0 


190.9 


187. 2 


36, 960, 000 


98.7 







THE AGKICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 11 

A condition of 73.5 is interpreted as forecasting a yield per acre 
of about 200 pounds of lint, which, applied to the estimated area 
planted, 36,960,000, gives a total of 7,415,000,000 pounds, equiva- 
lent to nearly 15,500,000 bales of 500 pounds gross weight. A small 
portion of the planted area is usually abandoned, the average being 
about 1 per cent. Allowing 1 per cent for abandonment, the con- 
dition figure 73.5 on the estimated acreage would forecast a total 
production of about 15,340,000 bales of 500 pounds, gross weight, 
linters not included. 

The production in 1913 was 14,156,000 bales; in 1912 it was 
13,703,000; and in 1911, the record crop, 15,693,000 bales. 



THE BRITISH INDIAN COTTON AREA IN 1915. 

The first General Memorandum of the Government of India puts 
the area planted to cotton up to date at 14,710,000 acres, against 
14,833,000 in 1913-14 and 12,095,000 acres in 1912-13. The memo- 
randum is based upon reports furnished by Provinces which comprise 
on the average 16,203,000 acres, or about 76 per cent of the entire 
cotton area of India. It relates mainly to the early crop and not to 
the late crop, which will be mentioned in later forecasts. 



SUGAR-BEET FORECAST. 

The condition of sugar beets October 1 was 91.9 per cent of a 
normal. This forecasts a }deld per acre of about 10.3 tons. The 
actual outturn will likely be above or below this amount, according 
as conditions at harvest are better or worse than usual. A yield 
of 10.3 tons on the estimated planted area, 520,600 acres, amounts 
to 5,362,000 tons, or 52,000 tons less than was indicated by the 
condition of the growing beets on September 1 , and the same as was 
indicated by the condition on August 1. Assuming an average 
abandonment of 10 per cent, the harvest would be about 4,826,000 
tons of sugar beets. The production in 1913 was 5,659,000 tons 
of beets, which produced 1,466,802,000 pounds of sugar. 



12 



FAEMEES' BULLETIN 629. 

FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table 12.- — Crop conditions in Florida and California. 





Florida. 




California. 




Crop. 


Condition Oct. 1— 


Condi- 
tion 

Sept. 1, 
1914. 


Condition Oct. 1 — 


Condi- 
tion 




1914 


1913 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1912 


Sept. 1, 
1914. 


Oranges 


83 


88 


100 


87 


90 

89 


76 
65 


87 
89 


89 




92 


Limes 


87 

87 


88 
82 


92 
100 


85 

87 




Grapefruit 












88 
80 
78 
88 
82 
82 


70 
61 
63 
73 
53 
75 


88 
80 
88 
74 
83 
86 


84 


Apricots 






:::::;:;:;:::::: 




Prunes ' 




.. 1 - 




Olives 










87 












84 












84 


Velvet beans 


88 


89 




88 




Grapes: 

For wine- 
Yield per acre . pounds 


7,800 
92 
97 
92 
93 


5,600 
76 
91 
75 
83 


6,500 

87 
90 
89 

87 




































90 










91 


1 











1 Production compared with a full crop. 

CITRUS FRUIT PROSPECTS IN SPAIN, PORTUGAL, GREECE, TURKEY, 
ALGERIA, AND THE UNITED STATES, 1914-15. 

Requests for monthly reports on prospects for growing citrus 
fruits in countries bordering on the Mediterranean have recently been 
forwarded, through the courtesy of the Department of State, to 
United States consuls in the respective producing districts. Returns 
on conditions, etc., August 1 have been received from consuls sta- 
tioned at Barcelona and Valencia, Spain; Athens, Greece; Constan- 
tinople and Saloniki, Turkey in Europe; Aleppo, Turkey in Asia; 
and Algiers, Algeria. 

Spain. — The United States consul at Valencia, reporting on condi- 
tions in that consular district, where most of the Spanish oranges 
are grown, states that a large crop of oranges of good quality is now 
anticipated, although no attempt is made to estimate the quantity. 
Meteorological conditions have been generally favorable, and should 
they continue so during August and September the yield will prob- 
ably constitute a record. Mandarins are in the same category as 
oranges, with an equally favorable outlook as regards the size and 
qua,lity of the crop. The cultivation of lemons is of very minor 
importance. Limes, citrons, pomelos, and cedrats are not cultivated 
in this district. 

Consul General Carl Bailey Hurst, Barcelona, reports the condition 
of oranges, lemons, and citrons in that consular district as excellent. 
Limes, pomelos, mandarins, and cedrats are not grown. The orange- 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 13 

picking season is Deceml)er to April; lemons and citrons, January to 
April. 

The principal orange-producing and orange-exporting country bor- 
dering on the Mediterranean is Spain. The Spanish groves are located 
almost exclusively in Provinces of the eastern coast, chiefly in Val- 
encia and Castellon. In these two Provinces were growing in 1910 
over 87,000 acres of this fruit; whereas in all the other Provinces a 
total of only 30,000 were reported, the total for Spain being 117,000 
acres. The orange crop in 1910 was 876,000 short tons. Lemon 
culture is, on the contrary, not an industry of great importance in 
Spain. The total area of lemon trees in 1910 was 6,000 acres, and 
the crop amounted to 70,000 short tons. 

Portugal. — -In Portugal no periodical reports on the area and con- 
dition of citrus fruit are published. The latest official figures on 
production relate only to 1909; as furnished by Consul WiU W. 
LowTie, Lisbon, they are as follows, and refer to the number of fruit: 
Oranges, 214,800,000; tangerines, 30,090,000; lemons, 15,390,000; 
and cedrats, 318,000. 

The principal producing Provinces are Lisbao, Santarem, and 
Porto. The tln-ee Provinces in 1909 produced 115,000,000 oranges, 
ahnost 21,000,000 tangerines, ahnost 7,000,000 lemons, and 128,000 
cedrats. The fruit is grown quite generally, ho\\ever, tliroughout 
the Republic. 

Greece. — Respecting the area, production, etc., of citrus fruit in 
Greece, writes Consul General Alexander W. WaddeU, "No Govern- 
ment estimates are obtainable. " "It is a little early," he continues, 
"to make definite predictions respecting oranges, lemons, and man- 
darins, the only citrus fruit grown in this district, but present indi- 
cations are for a fair crop, that of oranges perhaps 20 per cent ahead 
of last year. 

Turl;ey.— The United vStates consuls at Constantinople and Saloniki, 
Turke}^, report citrus fruits not grow^n for commercial purposes in 
their districts. 

In the Aleppo district, Syria, Consul J. B. Jackson reports the pro- 
duction of citrus fruits as not extensive, in fact there is none whatever 
for export. 

Algena. — The number of citrus trees in Algeria in 1912, as returned 
by the Algerian Bureau of Agriculture, were as follow^s: Oranges, 
783,341 bearing trees and 106,490 non-bearing; lemons, 138,439 bear- 
ing and 20,202 non-bearing; mandarins, 451,783 bearing and 84,155 
non-bearing trees. Exports of oranges from Algeria were 4,347 short 
tons in 1912 and 6,223 in 1913, while exports of mandarins amounted 
to 9,728 short tons in 1912 and 7,442 in 1913. 



14 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 629. 

Oranges and mandarins in Algeria are picked from November to 
May, lemons all the year round. "A considerable portion of the 
citrus trees in Algeria," states Consul Dean B. Mason, Algiers, "are 
planted in gardens, fields, etc., among other trees and crops, so that 
accurate statistics of the area would be extremely difficult, if not 
impossible, to secure; the data as to the number of trees, therefore, 
aft'ord more accurate information as to the extent of citrus fruit cul- 
tivation. No statistics are kept as to the production, or as to the 
condition, of growing citrus fruits. 

United States.— In the United States the condition of oranges on 
October 1 is estimated to be 11.1 per cent higher than a year ago, and 
2.2 per cent higher than the 10-year average condition on October 1. 
The condition of lemons is estimated to be 36.9 per cent higher than 
a year ago and 2.3 per cent higher than the 10-year average condition. 



TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops decreased about 3.5 per cent during September; in the 
past 6 years the price level has decreased during September 2.8 per 
cent. 

On October 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 1.9 per 
cent lower than a year ago, 6.1 per cent higher than 2 years ago, and 
3.2 per cent higher than the average of the past 6 years on October 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals decreased 0.7 per cent during the month from August 15 to 
September 15. This compares with an average advance from August 
15 to September 15 in the past four years of 1,4 per cent. 

On September 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — 
hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.58 per 100 pounds, which 
compares with $7.15 a year ago, $6.74 two years ago, $5.87 three years 
ago, and $6.92 four years ago on September 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 26, 27, and 28 on pages 
28-30. 



CROPS OF CANADA IN 1914. 

The Census and Statistics Office of the Dominion of Canada, under 
date of September 15, issued a preliminary estimate of the area 
harvested and the production of certain crops in the Dominion in 1914. 
As had been expected, the figures indicate a considerable reduction in 
the harvested as compared with the sown area, and a heavy decline 
in yields as compared Math those of 1914. The total extent of wheat, 
oats, barley, rye, and flaxseed harvested is 23,046,000 acres — a de- 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



crease of 1,873,600 acres from the area originally sown. This ex- 
ceptional abandonment was due chiefly to prolonged drought in the 
Northwest Provinces during the growing season and to the destruction 
of over 200,000 acres of wheat by winter-kill in Ontario and Alberta. 
As to yields, the total of wheat is 72,000,000 and of oats 76,000,000 
bushels less than in 1913. The less extensively grown crops of barley, 
flaxseed, and rye also give deficient outturns, flaxseed showing a 
deficiency, as compared with a year ago, of 8,497,000 bushels. Of 
each of the crops reported on, average yields per acre are the smallest 
since 1910. 

Table 13. — Area and production of specified crops in Canada in 1914, preliminary. 



Crop. 


Acres 
sown, 1914. 


Acres har- 
vested, 1914. 


Bushels 1 


;)roduced. 


Averasce yield, 
bushels per acre. 


1914 


1913, final. 


1914 


1913, 
final. 


Wheat: 

Winter 


1,184,800 
10, 048, 700 


973,300 
9, .320, 600 








' 


Spring 




















Total wheat 


11,233,500 


10, 293, 900 


159,660,000 


231,717,000 


15.5 


21.04 






Oats 


10,814,500 

1,597,600 

111,280 

1,163,000 


10,061,500 

1,495,600 

111,280 

1,084,000 


327, 732, 000 

37,014,000 

2,019,000 

9,042,000 


404,669,000 
48, 319, 000 
2, 300, 000 
17,539,000 


32.5 
24.7 
18.0 
8.3 


38.78 


Barley 


29 96 


Rye 


19.28 


Flaxseed 


11 30 






Grand total 


24,919,880 


23,046,280 





















I Bushels: Wheat 60, oats 34, barley 48, rye 56, and flaxseed 56 pounds. 

For the three northwest Provinces alone the total estimated yields 
in 1914 are as follows: Wheat, including winter wheat, 139,672,000 
bushffls, agamst 209,262,000 in 1913; oats, 160,796,000, against 
242,413,000 bushels; barley, 20,320,000, against 31,070,000 bushels; 
and- flaxseed, 8,982,000, as compared with 17,366,000 bushels in the 
preceding year. 



TAKING PAINS. 

By Dr. T. N. Carver, Adviser in AgricuUural Economics to the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. 

There is a story of an aged savage who, after having Uved in 
civilized communities most of his life, returned in his old age to his 
native tribe, saying that he had tried civihzation for 40 years and it 
wasn't worth the trouble. Much of the philosophy of civihzation is 
summed up in that remark. Civilization consists largely in taking 
trouble. Genius, in the individual, has been said to consist in the 
capacity for taking infinite pains in one's work. It is this capacity 
which marks the superior race as well as the superior individual. 



16 farmers' bulletin 629. 

They who find the taking of pains too burdensome to be born.e, will 
naturally decide that civilization is not worth the trouble. They who 
do not find it so very burdensome to take pains, will naturally decide 
that civilization is worth the trouble, and will therefore become 
civilized. 

This principle applies to every stage of civilization and progress. 
The greatest advancement is made by those who are capable of tak- 
ing greatest pains. It applies especially to agricultural progress. It 
is more trouble to select than not to select seed, and to select it in 
the field than in the bin. It is more trouble to test cows than not to 
test them, to keep accounts than not to keep them, to diversify or 
rotate crops than not to diversify or rotate, to mix fertilizers intelli- 
gently than to buy them already mixed, to cooperate with one's pig- 
headed neighbors, especially if one is himself a httle pig-headed, than 
to go it alone. It is also more profitable. In all these and a multi- 
tude of other cases it is found that it pa,ys to take trouble. 

There is probably no part of the farmer's business where this 
needs to be so much emphasized as in his buying and selling. It is 
so much less trouble to buy all one's supphes at retail as they are 
needed than to plan ahead and buy at wholesale, and to sell one's 
products at wholesale and in bulk to the nearest buj^er than to work 
out a better marketing scheme, that this practice of buying everything 
at retail and selhng everything at wholesale has become almost 
universal. It takes a very rich soil, or very hard work on the farm- 
er's part, or both, to make up the losses resulting from this system. 
The farmer is becoming, almost in the same sense as the manufacturer, 
a buyer of raw material such as fertilizers, seeds, feeds, machinery, 
live stock, etc. What manufacturer would expect to prosper ^f he 
depended upon the retail stores to supply him with his raw materials 
as they were needed and at retail prices ? How many manufacturers 
would expect to prosper if they did not have selling agencies but waited 
for buyers to come around and offer to buy their products after they 
were finished ? 

Of almost equal importance is the question of making the farm 
garden, poultry yard, orchard, and dairy support the farmer's 
family. All these things require the taking of trouble. It is less 
trouble to put all one's time on a money crop, to haul it to town and 
sell it, and to haul home from the store everything which the family 
consumes than to give attention to gardens, fruits, poultry, pigs, 
and cows. It is also less profitable. The products which the farm- 
er's family consumes are sold to the best market in the world. The 
farmer should credit to the garden, the orchard, the poultry yard, 
the cow, and the pig-pen the retail prices which he would otherwise 
pay for food, not half so good, bought at retail. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 

Needless to say, these things must be carefully planned and man- 
aged. That requires the taking of trouble. Farmers who are not 
competent, or willing, to take pains in planning and managing these 
parts of their business will probably do quite as well by going on the 
old way of hauling all their stuff to market and hauling home again 
the goods which the family consumes. But their lack of prosperity 
will be due to the fact that, like the aged savage already referred to, 
they have concluded that civiUzation and progress are not worth the 
.trouble. 

But after all, when one once gets accustomed to takingpains itceases 
to be painful to keep on. It is only the beginning from which we 
shrink. When one gets into the habit of keeping accounts, of rotating 
and diversif3dng crops, of making the farm feed the family, and run- 
ning cooperative enterprises, it is not half as much trouble as it was 
feared that it would be. The real t^st of a man's quality is his 
ability to begin taking pains. 
64991°— Bull. 629—14 3 



18 



FARMERS BULLETIN G29. 



Tablf, 14. — Wheat (including Jlour): Estimated surplus and deficiencies, hy States. 
[Bushels, in thousands, except per capita; 000 omitted.] 





Food requirements. 


Seed re- 
quire- 
ments, 

1914-15. 


Total food 
and seed re- 
quirements. 
1914-15. 


Surplus or deficiency of production. 


State or division. 


Per 

capita. 


Total, 
1914-15. 


1914-15,' 
prelimi- 
nary. 


1913-14. 


1909-10 to 
1912-13.1 




4.7 
5.0 
5.4 
5.0 
4.3 

4.5 
5.4 
5.0 
5.8 


3,586 
2,195 
1,949 
18, 030 
2,541 

5,414 
53, 460 
14, 080 

47,827 


6 


2 





630 

140 

2,450 


3,592 
2,195 
1,951 
18,030 
2,541 

5,414 
54,090 
14,220 
50, 277 


- 3,511 

- 2, 195 

- 1,922 

- 18,030 

- 2,541 

- 5,414 

- 45,900 

- 12,798 

- 26,399 


- 3, 493 

- 2, 185 

- 1,922 

- 17,745 

- 2, 494 

- 5,319 

- 46,287 

- 12,476 

- 27,614 


- 3, 450 


New Hampshire 


- 2,170 

— 1,908 


Massachusetts 


— 17,262 




- 2,412 




— 5,153 




— 44,681 




— 11,889 


Pennsylvania 


- 26,935 






North Atlantic . . . 


5.34 } 149,082 


3,228 


152,310 


-118,800 


-119,535 


-115,860 




5.0 
5.0 
4.5 

5.7 

4.5 
4.3 
4.0 
4.5 


1,050 
8,470 
9, 675 
7,598 

10,526 
6,837 

11,108 
3,816 


195 

985 

1,110 

352 

715 

103 

172 




1,245 
9,455 
10, 7S5 
7,950 

11,241 
6,940 

11,280 
3,816 


+ 1,092 
+ 3, 703 
-f 121 

- 4,410 

- 4,215 

- 6,020 

- 9.600 

- 3,816 


+ 404 

- 1,258 

- 84 

- 4,741 

- 4,023 

- 5,890 

- 9,411 

- 3,712 


+ 605 




+ 353 




- 1,662 


West Virginia 


- 4, 675 




— 5,234 


South Carolina 


- 6, 006 




- 9,503 


Florida 


- 3,575 






South Atlantic. .. 


4.57 


59, 080 


3,632 


62, 712 


- 23,145 


- 28,715 


- 29,697 


Ohio 


6.3 

5.7 
5.6 
5.0 
5.2 


31,670 
15, 840 
33, 527 
14,880 
12, 724 


3, .550 
3,700 
3,865 
1,600 
340 


35,220 
19, 540 
37,392 
16, 480 
13, 064 


-f 3,445 
+ 23,699 
+ 11.037 
-1- 1, 100 
- 9,553 


+ 262 
+ 20,336 
+ 4,961 

- 3,484 

- 9,248 


- 6, 684 




+ 9, 153 


Illinois 


- 4, 239 




- 1,344 


Wisconsin 


- 9, 442 






North Central 
East of Missis- 
sippi Kiver 


5.06 


108, 641 


13,Go5 


121,696 


-f 29,728 


+ 12,827 


- 12,556 


Minnesota 


7.2 
5.3 
5.2 

7.2 

6.5 

5.8 
5.8 


15,941 

11,777 

17,540 

4,946 

4,303 
7,227 
10,353 


6,300 
1,350 
3,490 
9,400 

4,800 
4,800 
11,000 


22,241 
13, 127 
21,0.30 
14,346 

9, 103 

12,027 
21,353 


+ 20,832 
+ 1,687 
-f 22,303 
+ 68,703 

+ 24,329 
+ 52,191 
+ 142,567 


+ 46,190 
+ 3,249 
+ 18,655 
+ 65,354 

+ 25,117 
+ 50,283 
+ 66,357 


+ 36,520 




- 2,504 




+ 8,479 




+ 78,034 


South Dakota 


+ 31,311 


Nebraska 


+ 34,422 




+ 51,948 






North Central 
West of Missis- 
sippi River 


5.92 


72, 087 


41,140 


113,227 


+332,612 


+ 275,205 


+238,210 




4.5 
4.1 
4.0 
4.0 

4.5 
5.4 
6.0 
4.0 


10,580 
9,246 

9,080 
7,608 

7,978 
22,993 
12, 162 

6,744 


1,020 

910 

40 





1, 400 

3,200 

141 


11,600 

10,150 

9,120 

7, 60S 

7,978 
2i,3Lt3 
15,362 

6,885 


+ 692 
+ 479 

- 8,717 

- 7, 595 

- 7, 978 

- 10,327 
+ 31,473 

- 5,467 


- 1,667 

- 1,680 

- 8,624 

- 7,494 

- 7,857 

- 10,212 
+ 2,817 

- 5, 468 


- 2, 605 


Tennessee 


— 2, 394 


Alabama 


— 8, 500 




- 7, 280 


Louisiana 


- 7,659 


Texas 


- .15,084 


Oldahoma 


+ 4,668 




— 5,676 






South Central 


4.66 


86,391 


6,711 


93, 102 


- 7,440 


- 40,185 


- 44,532 


Montana 


6.0 
6.3 
6.0 
7.9 

7.2 
6.1 
6.1 
6.5 

6.0 
6.1 
6.0 


2,598 
1,065 
5,460 
3,034 

1,721 

2,532 

604 

2,568 

8,448 

4,776 

16,548 


1,400 
150 
700 
85 

40 
450 

66 
840 

3,500 

1, 250 

650 


3,998 
1,215 
6, 160 
3,119 

1,761 

2,982 

670 

3,408 

11,948 
6, 026 
17,108 


+ 14,358 
+ 979 
+ 5,242 

- 1,325 

- 893 
+ 4, .361 
+ 662 
+ 10,954 

+ 42,279 
+ 10,578 

- 9, 732 


+ 16,766 
+ 1,078 
+ 3,690 

- 1,784 

- 771 
+ 3,509 
+ 436 
+ 10,796 

+ 41,749 
+ 9, 881 

- 12,430 


+ 6, 621 




+ 377 


Colorado 


+ 3, 152 




- 1,868 


Arizona 


- 1,002 


Utah 


+ 2, 092 


Nevada 


+ 223 


Idaho 


+ 9,878 
+ 35,181 




Oregon 


+ 10,816 


California 


- 7,985 






Far Western 


6.17 


49,354 9,131 


58, 485 


+ 77,463 


+ 72,920 


+ 57,484 


United States 

Exports 


5.31 


524,635 


76, 897 


001,532 


+290,418 


+ 172,517 
145, 590 


+ 93,049 
93,000 
















Figures for the 4 years separately given in the Crop Reporter, November, 1912. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



19 



CONDITIONS, PRODUCTION, FORECAST, AND PRICES OF SPECIFIED 

CROPS, BY STATES. 

Table 15. — Corn and wheat: Condition, forecast, and price of corn, and price of irhral, 
Oct. 1, 1914, with comparisons. 



States. 



Corn. 



Condi- 
tion, 
Oct. 1. 



Forecast from con- 
dition. 



Final estimates. 






Trice, Oct. 1. 



All wheat. 



Price, Oct. 1. 



Maine 

New Hampsliire.. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut , 

New York 

New .Tersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missou-ri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States. 



P.c. 

84 
86 
92 
91 
94 

91 
92 
92 
91 



72.9 



P.c 

84 

86 
85 
88 
90 



92 



672 

903 

2,070 

2,184 

455 

2,S31 
22,514 
11,060 
65,768 

6,761 

23,951 
43, 499 
22, 175 
54,613 
35,629 

58,347 

8,256 

149,440 

164, 802 

305,000 

60, 387 
65,025 
91,584 
378, 766 
159,305 

12,907 
75, 039 
177,389 
107, 195 
96, 119 

81,003 
52, 087 
55,282 
.38,518 
125, 350 

56,558 

42, 201 

979 

544 

10,931 

2,692 

578 

366 

33 

593 
1,037 

5a4 
2, 288 



621 
906 

1,925 

2, 184 

454 

2,893 
21,546 
11,130 
65,235 

6,761 

23,669 
42,912 
20,855 
53,978 
35,629 

59,059 
8,586 
142, 408 
153,666 
288, 033 

59,685 
62,858 
90,566 
365,239 
156, 558 

12,457 
75, 039 
172,093 
107,549 
92, 374 

80, 718 
49, 613 
55,036 
38,004 
123,151 

53,865 

41, 405 

989 

535 

10, 164 

2,649 

583 

370 

34 

598 

991 

556 

2,288 



.Bm.i 

60S 

814 

1,665 

1,944 

402 

2, 348 
15,020 
10, 862 
57,057 

6,206 

22,110 
51,480 
22,692 
55, 282 
38,512 

63,023 
10, 125 
146, 2.">0 
176, 400 
282, 150 

56,112 
66, 825 
96,000 
338, 300 
129, 062 

10,800 
67,320 
114,150 
23,424 
74, 825 

68, 675 
55,360 
63,000 
41,800 
163,200 

52,250 

47, 025 

882 

493 

6,300 

1,572 
4' 

340 
34 

448 

952 

598 

1,815 



Bu.i 

694 

967 

1,792 

2,041 

430 

2, 755 
18,682 
10, 157 
56, 524 



22, 211 
46,969 
20, 137 

47,884 
31,564 

53, 482 

8,628 

154,651 

186, 900 

366,883 

54,829 

56,346 

76,584 

352,236 

200,859 

6,938 
60,509 
164, 878 
129, 700 
92,543 

80,767 
49, 107 
51, 103 
35, 131 
120, 286 

75,412 

48, 439 

533 

268 

6,409 

1,838 

457 

254 

29 

362 

800 

542 

1,745 



Cts. 
9i 
93 



89 
110 



92 
89 
82 

85 
92 
90 
103 
104 



94 

77 
75 
74 

75 
70 
61 
69 
79 

67 
63 

66 
76 

85 

91 
101 
92 



95 

73 

95 
94 
77 
150 



Cts 
90 
83 
84 
80 
106 



85 
83 
68 

77 
85 
85 
90 
103 

96 
80 
72 
71 
71 

71 
63 
61 
66 

78 

53 
61 

71 
79 
86 



85 
82 
8: 

75 
80 
05 
70 
75 

110 
100 
63 



Qs. 
85 
81 
80 
82 
99 

82 
77 
SO 



56 
55 
59 
65 
76 

76 

89 
SO 
70 
74 

62 
71 
84 
64 
72 

100 
106 
73 



Cts 
"i20 



104 
112 
104 
103 

102 

105 

107 

11 

13 



101 
100 
98 

100 
101 
97 
94 
95 

93 
90 
86 
89 
105 

100 
140 
100 



90 
97 
78 
97 
81 

95 
108 

84 
104 

71 

87 

93 

106 



Cts. 
100 



100 



88 
95 
96 
104 
121 



96 
120 
125 



s: 

89 
63 
70 

75 

97 
112 
68 
97 

65 
71 
73 
91 



79.1 



2,676,270 



2,598,417 



2, 446, 988 



2,708,334 78,2 



77.9 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



20 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 629. 



Table 16.- — Spring ichcat: Yield per acre, production, qucdity, and price, 1914, u'ilh 

comparisons. 





Spring wheat. 




Yield per 


acre. 


Production. 


Quality. 


Price Oct. 1. 


State. 

If 


1914 


1913 


10-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914, 
pre- 
lim- 
inary. 


Sep- 
tember 
fore- 
cast. 


1913, 
final. 


5-year 
aver- 
age, 
1909- 
1913, 
final. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


Maine , 


Bu. 
27.0 
29.0 
17.0 
10.5 
13.5 

11.4 
9.3 
11.5 
15.0 
17.0 

22.0 
24.0 
24.0 
25.0 
26.0 

30.0 
24.0 
20.0 
16.5 


Bu. 

25.5 
24.5 
18.6 
16.2 
17.0 

10.5 
9.0 

12.0 
8.5 

21.5 

25.0 
21.0 
19.0 

'28.' 6' 

31.0 
28.0 
19.0 
19.5 


Bu. 
24.6 
24.4 
16.7 
13.7 
15.2 

11.6 
11.5 
12.8 
10.0 
24.6 

26.2 
24.6 
21.5 
25.1 
27.5 

29.8 
25.2 
19.4 
18.1 


81 

29 

1,683 

42, 273 

4,468 

83,049 
32, 466 

3,944 
945 

7,293 

1,210 
6,552 

744 


77 
27 

1,684 
40, 582 

4,717 

81,592 
35,853 

3,916 
921 

9,249 

1,320 

7,204 
750 


76 
24 

1,916 
07, 230 

5,805 

78,855 
33,075 

4,200 
468 

8,385 

1,250 

5,460 

570 


Bu> 
77 
24 

1,719 
59,859 

5,548 

90,231 
38, 768 

3,687 
618 

5,618 

1,019 

5,266 

477 

2 48 

1,853 

568 

4,483 

22, 227 

3,399 


P.c. 

97 
92 
82 
70 

83 

77 
72 
84 
85 
90 

92 
92 
94 

90 
82 

97 
88 
95 
92 


P.c. 
95 

90 

86 
86 
88 

87 
86 
87 
84 
92 

93 
90 
88 
92 
93 

97 
93 
91 
92 


CIS. 

"ioi' 

97 
94 

93 
90 
«6 
89 

78 

97 
81 
95 


Cts. 
100 




100 


Wisconsin 


83 




77 




77 


North Dakota 


74 
73 


Nebraska 


73 

80 


Montana 


63 




70 


Colorado 

New Mexico 


75 
97 






Utah 


1,768 

810 

5,040 

21,560 

2,920 


1,856 

795 
5,237 
22, 509 
3, 193 


1,820 

713 

5,600 

20,900 

3,412 


84 

104 
71 
87 
93 


68 




97 


Idaho 


65 




71 


Oregon 


73 






United States 


12.1 


13.0 


13.4 


216,835 


221,482 


239,819 


245,479 


7S.6 


87.5 


91.8 


74.0 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



2 Four years. 



Table 17. — Flaxseed: Condition, forecast, and price Oct. 1, 1914, with comparisons. 





Flaxseed. 


■4 

'•■ state. 


Condition Oct. 1. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


Final estimates. 


Price Oct. 1. 




1914 


1913 


10-year 
average. 


Oct. 1. 


Sept. 1. 


1913 


S-year 

average, 

1909- 

1913 


1914 


1913 


5-year 

average. 


Wisconsin 


P.c. 

88 
81 
85 
80 

79 
78 
80 
70 


P.c. 

87 
78 
89 
47 

74 
70 
80 
67 

68 
80 
48 


P. c. 

85 
82 
86 
72 

76 
82 
84 
72 

76 

84 


Bu.i 
109 

3,062 
274 
62 

7,454 

2, 785 

57 

290 


Bu.i 

108 

2,912 

267 

48 

6,977 

2,652 

57 

283 


Bu.i 
126 

3,150 
263 
50 

7,200 

3,060 

54 

300 


Bu.i 
118 

3,315 
221 
96 

8,535 

3,842 

24 

316 

= 6 

2,988 

40 


Cts. 
141 
131 
129 
125 

130 
126 


Cts. 
160 
127 
115 
115 

126 
120 


Cts. 
179 


Minnesota 

Iowa 


170 
163 
139 


North Dakota 


166 


South Dakota 


167 






Kansas 


125 


120 


151 






Montana 


69 
80 


2,672 
61 


2,059 
63 


3, 600 
50 


120 


114 


185 


Colorado . . 












United States 


77.4 


74.7 


78.5 


16, 826 


15, 420 


17,853 


19, 501 


127.4 


122.6 


166.3 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



2 Four years. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



21 



Table 18. — Oats and barley: Yield per acre, production, equality, and price, 1914, with 

comparisons. 





Oats. 


Barley. 




Yield 
per 


I'roduction. 


Quality. 


Price 
Oct 1 


Yield 
per 


Production. 


Quality. 


Price 
Oct 1 




acre. 












acre. 












State. 




2 




"a 
a 












> 

c3 

u 

f ■ 




"3 












^ 


>> 


-r 


co" 


^ 




^!f 




•^ 




^ 


^ 


"^ 




■^ 








6 


































o 


c: 


<r. 


Oi 


o= 


o 


o 


o 


2 


c; 


CT> 


a> 


c» 


Cl 




Bu. 


Bu. 


£m.i 


Bu.i 


P.C. 


P.C. 


ats. 


C<s. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


£«.i 


Bu.i 


P.C. 


P.C. 


ats. 


Cts. 


Maine. . 


40. 5'37. 4 
38.0 34.6 


5,710 
456 


5,600 
420 


97 
95 


96 
92 


51 
62 


54 30.0 29.1 
58 31.0,24.2 


150 
31 


140 

28 


95 
91 


94 
91 


88 
90 


SO 


New Hampshire. 


91 


Vermont 


42.0,37.2 


332 


3,081 


97 


94 


57 


58 34.5 


31.7 


414 


384 


97 


93 


90 


82 




36.0|33.8 

27.5'2S.8 

29.0 32.4 
31.5'31.8 


324 
55 

319 
37, 737 


315 
52 

308 
42,712 


93 

88 

92 

84 


85 
84 

86 
94 


58 

.53 
51 


56 
45 

57 
47 


















Rhode Island 


















Connecticut 


















New York 


28.0 


26.1 


2,100 


2,056 


88 


94 


71 


71 


New Jersey 

Penn.sylvania 


30.0 29.9 
29.5 30.6 


2,010 
31,654 


2.030 
35, 774 


93 
90 


88 
90 


55 
52 


46 
47 
















27.0 25.1 


189 


182 


93 


93 


76 


68 


Delaware 


27.0 29.4 
27.0 27.6 


108 
1,161 


122 
1.260 


84 
88 


88 
87 


50 
55 


46 
46 
















Maryland 


33.0 28.9 


165 


145 


93 


89 


71 


70 


Virginia 


l.i. 5 20. 


2,960 


4,192 


83 


90 


60 


5126.0 27.0 


286 


286 


91 


94 


75 


75 


West Virginia 


20.0 23.1 
17.5 16. ET 
20.019.9 


2,200 
4,025 
7,340 

8,774 

765 

51,606 


2,760 
4.485 
8, 460 

9,240 

900 

54,360 


85 

85 
83 
89 


89 
89 
90 

88 
82 
89 


58 
66 
71 

69 
69 
44 


52 
61 

68 

65 
67 
40 


















North Carolina 


















South Carolina... 


















Georgia 


20.5 
17.0 
30. 5 


18.1 
14.9 
33.5 


















Florida 


















Ohio 


25.0 


27.6 


975 


960 


89 


88 


.55 


56 


Indiana 


28. 


29.4 


45, 696 


36, 380 


87 


i 1 


43 


39 25. 0l26. 2 


200 


200 


93 


85 


64 


45 


Illinois 


29.0 


31.5 


125,599 


104, 125 


86 


78 


43 


39 29.5 28.7 


1.622 


1,404 


90 


88 


60 


58 


Michigan 


33.0 


30.7 


49,995 


45,000 


92 


91 


43 


4126.5 25.0 


2,306 


2,108 


93 


91 


67 


64 


Wisconsin 


28.5 


33.3 


66, 120 


83,038 


75 


95 


43 


39 27.3,27.7 


19,001 


18,125 


86 


85 


61 


58 


Minnesota 


28.0 


32.0 


85, 120 


112,644 


76 


93 


40 


34 23. 24. 7 


31,694 


34,800 


82 


84 


48 


54 


Iowa 


33.0 


31.8 


162, 657 


168, 360 


90 


94 


40 


36 26.0 26.4 


9,9S4 


10.000 


87 


87 


57 


60 


Missouri 


21.0 

28.0 


24.3 

28.6 


25,725 
64,904 


26, 500 

57, 825 


80 

88 


78 
89 


44 
37 


43|24.0 23.2 
32]20.o'21.6 


120 
28.520 


110 
25, 500 


86 

78 


84 

86 






North Dakota 


40 


48 


South Dakota 


27.5 


28.3 


44,165 


42, 135 


84 


88 


38 


34 23.0 22.3 


20.723 


16, 765 


84 


84 


46 


53 


Nebraska 


32. 25. 1 


71,296 


59,625 


90 


89 


40 


38 23.5,21.7 


2,656 


1.760 


91 


87 


49 


50 


Kansas 


33.0 


23.4 


59.235 


34, 320 


88 


80 


43 


46i24.5 16.9 


5,880 


1,944 


89 


SO 


48 


54 


Kentucky 


21.5 


21.6 


3,311 


3,168 


83 


83 


54 


52:28.5 25.0 


86 


80 


95 


90 


77 


70 


Tennessee 


23.0 


21.0 


6,762 


6, 300 


90 


89 


56 


53 27.0i23.8 


54 


50 


94 


92 


75 


.8,5 


Alabama 


22.0 
23.0 
26.0 
25.0 


17.9 
18.2 
!9. 1 
29.3 


7,722 

3,404 

1.274 

24, 500 


6,662 

2,800 

990 

32, 500 


89 
90 
85 
75 


87 
85 
83 
83 


69 
63 
67 
45 


67 
62 
56 

48 
















Mississippi 
















Louisiana 
















Texas 


25.6,24.1 


200 


168 


82 


82 


52 


65 


Oklahoma 


28.0 


25.2 


29, 708 


18,540 


8.5 


76 


43 


46 


25. 22. 


175 


63 


87 


7? 


,59 


70 


Arkan.sas 


24.5 
35.0 


22. 1 
44^3 


5,929 
18,550 


6,360 
21,750 


85 
91 


82 
95 


51 
37 


53 
34 


1 














Montana 


30.5 33.7 


2.013 


1,860 


95 


9? 


70 


60 


Wyoming 


34. 


36.4 


8,228 


8,300 


93 


98 


47 


43 


30.0 32.0 


420 


396 


95 


97 


6? 


59 


Colorado 


40.0 


37.8 


12,560 


10, 675 


96 


92 


50 


45 


38. 5 35. 3 


3,966 


3,250 


94 


90 


63 


57 


New Mexico 


38. 


32.7 


1,938 


1,500 


96 


90 


53 


75 


32.0 29.7 


128 


96 


94 


88 


54 


60 


Arizona 


40. 


36.8 


320 


301 


97 


93 


51 


,55 


36. 38. 5 


1,332 


1,482 


96 


96 


73 


70 


Utah 


■iO 


44.2 
41.4 

43.6 
47.7 


4.650 
624 

14, 608 
13, 959 


4,140 
473 

15,112 
14, 250 


97 
98 

94 
95 


96 
96 

98 
95 


42 

45 

35 
44 


39 

47 

41 

40 


44. 40. 6 
40. 37. 7 

38. 40. 4 
39.0 37.1 


1,408 
520 

7,030 
7,098 


1,155 
492 

7,560 
7,290 


97 
99 

95 
96 


96 
99 

95 

95 


46 
70 

51 
51 


56 

82 


Neyada 


52.0 

44.0 
47.0 


Idaho 


57 


Washington 


55 


Oregon 


35. 


33.7 


12, 740 


15, 228 


93 


98 


42 


3o!30.0,33.4 


3,66C 


4,200 


92 


96 


57 


55 


California 


36.0 
29.6 


33.4 


7,920 


6,636 


92 


89 


45 


55 


31.0 


26.5 


43, 462 


33, 150 


94 


84 


54 


66 


United States.. 


29.9 


1,136,755 


1, 121, 768 


86.4 


89.1 


43.3 


39.6 


26.1 


25.2 


196, ,568 


178,189 


87.5 


86.4 


51.8 


56.8 



Thousands; 000 omitted. 



22 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 629. 

Table 19 .—Potatoes: Condition, forecast, and jwice Oct. 1, 1914, with comparisons. 



Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 



1914 



10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 



Forecast 

from 
condition. 



Oct. 
1. 



Sept. 
1. 



Final 

esti- 
mate, 
1913. 



Price 
Oct. 1. 



1913 



Sweet potatoes. 



Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 



1914 



10- 

yeai 
aver- 



Forecast 

from 
condition. 



Oct. 
1. 



Sept. 
1. 



Final 
esti- 
mate, 
1913. 



Price 
Sept. 15. 



1914 



1913 



CIS. 



Maine 

New Hampshire . 
Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 



Connecticut... 

New York 

New Jersey . . . 
Pennsylvania . 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia. 
Florida.. 

Ohio 

Indiana, 
lllhiois.. 



Michigan.. 
^y Lsconsin. 
Minnesota. 

Iowa 

Missouri... 



North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Neliraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee. . 
Alabama. . . 
Mississippi. 
Louisiana . . 
Texas 



Oklahoma. 
Arkansas. . , 
Montana . . 
Wyoming. 
Colorado . . 



New Mexico. 

Arizona , 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idaho 

V/ashmgton. 

Oregon 

California . . . 



P.c. 
100 
99 



P.c. Bu.i Bu.i Bu.^ 
88 230,720 30,413 28,100 
8l[ 2,726 2,638, 2,074 



United States 



79 3,880 

78 3,928 

79 794 



3,6811 

3, 798 j 



78.3 75.7 



3,272; 3,293 

41,618, 40,627 

10,201' 10,080 

25,503i 25,406 

893 899 



3,410 
7,060 
2,492 
1,560 
674 

744 

1,216 

13, 424 

5,220 

7,192 

43, 884 
36, 176 
30, 174 

13,568 
4,0031 

6,5581 
5,094i 
8,968 
4,290' 
2, 185 1 
I 
1,8251 
1, 260 
964; 
1,678; 
2, 712| 

2,272^ 
1,420' 
5,245 
l,456l 
9,984 

1,100 

100 

2,811 

1,672 

5,024 
8,295 
4,924 
9,450 



383,619 



3,173 
6,640 
2,583 
1,680 
668 

744 
1,216 
12,096 
4,552 
6,446 

41,321 
34,474 
29, 724 
12, 495 
3,471 

6,177 
4,981 
8,354 
4,121 
1,957 

1,643 
1,176 
929 
1,704 
2,756 

2,212 
1,411 

4,856 
1,511 
9,387 

1,101 

98 

3,192 

1,775 

5,288 
8,496 
4,924 
10,012 



370,963 



3,175 

2,835 
650 

2,208 
26, 640 

8, 930 

23, 320; 

957 

3,741 
9,870 
3,984 
2,400 
800 

972 

912 

10, 240 

3,975 

5,750 

33,600 

32,155 

30, 250 

7,200 

3,230 

5,100 
4,680 
5,664 
2,920 
2,450 

2,432 
1,512 
960 
1,750 
2,340 

1,920 
1,800 
5,040 
1,680 
9,200 

612 

75 

3,600 

1,760 

5,780 
7, 380 
6,750 
8,092 



.331,525 



P.C. 



P.c. 



Bu.i 



Bu.i Bu.^ 



Cts. 



107 93 
118 106 
105! 104 

97| 90 
113| 10; 

108 111 
110 99 

80 58 
89 
■0 63 



64.7 



73.9 



2,694 
115 
614 

946 
2,588 

206 
6,9S2 
4,378 

6,885 

2,003 

111 

104 

685 



2,864 
118 
652 

991 
2,767 

212 
7,214 
4,339 

6,849 

2,010 

102 



190 

488 



186 
425 



45 
847 

1,719 
5,856 
4,413 
4,980 
4,805 

591 
1,671 



1, 

5,683 

4,204 

5.000 

4,641 

539 
1,642 



1,026 956 1,020 



82.7 



3,174 
110 
675 

1,128 
3,564 
182 
8,000 
4,600 

7,221 

2,310 

90 

78 

560 



160 
336 



250 
675 

1,600 
6,650 
5,390 
5,100 
4,000 

384 
1,800 



80 
102 
69 

67 
SO 
100 



95 
80 
120 
115 
130 



130 
130 



175 

160 
100 

100 

89 
82 

125 

130 

98 



205 
165 



55,364 54,958 59,057 



90. 1 89. 8 



Thousands; 000 omitted. 



2 Correction of estimate issued Oct. 7. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



23 



Table 20.— 'Tobacco and buchirheat: Condition, forecast, and price, Oct. 1, 1914, V'ilh 

comparisons. 





Tobacco. 


Buckwheat. 


State. 


Condition, 
Oct. 1. 


Forecast from 
condition. 


n 
c. 

a 


Condition, 
Oct. 1. 


Forecast 

from 
condition. 


a 


Price, 
Oct. 1. 




a> 




O 


c 


-1^ 


o >. 
"^ C3 


"6 

o 






M 
S 


Maine 


P.C. 


P.C. 


Lbs.^ 


ifis.i 


X6«.i 


P.C. 

95 
91 
91 

87 
85 

85 
86 
81 
81 
82 

72 


P.C. 

88 
91 
88 
86 
88 

80 
82 
84 
83 

87 

86 
86 
88 


5«.i 

393 

29 

204 

41 

56 

6,405 
232 

5,715 
56 
198 

381 
778 
166 


Bu.i 

384 

29 

202 

44 

60 

6,462 
244 

6,037 
56 
198 

339 
758 
166 


416 
31 

200 
34 
51 

4,004 
220 

5,180 
51 
182 

531 
798 
174 


Cts. 
53 

■"■76 
90 
100 

81 

81 
80 

?? 

85 
81 
82 


Cts. 
60 


>Ievv Hampshire 

Vermont 


ibd\ 94 

981 91 


185 

181 

11,600 

37,370 

6,086 


182 

182 

11,788 

37,9% 

5,748 


165 

155 

9,455 

28,520 

4,386 


85 
84 


Massachusetts 

Connecticut 


95 
100 

90 


91 
94 

85 


100 
100 


New York 


77 


New Jersey 


75 


Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


92 


87 


48, 723 


50, 246 


46, 680 


72 

60 


Maryland 


83 

65 
73 

74 
73 

84 

97 
86 
87 
74 


82 

83 
83 
78 
80 
90 

90 
S3 

84 
84 


14, 442 

93,600 

7,0% 

136,530 

31,565 
1,436 

3,879 

80, 620 

12, 215 

413 


13, 680 

87, 840 

6, 599 

133, 042 

31,657 
1,368 

3,799 

70, 055 

10, 840 

279 


is, 500 
154 000 


70 


Virginia 


78 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


lo', 200 

167,500 

33,288 

1,800 

4,000 


80 
84 


82 
78 


Georgia 
















Florida 
















Ohio 


61,425 

11, 925 

560 


90 

78 
82 
85 

85 
85 
93 
74 

83 
82 


82 441 

83 «J 


390 

78 

72 

1,012 

265 
102 
104 

28 

18 
14 


324 

92 

68 

900 

297 
99 
84 
22 

20 
10 


75 

78 

100 

64 

67 
71 
97 


69 
68 
100 
66 

62 

70 

97 

104 


Indiana 


Illinois 


84 
79 

82 
84 
82 
80 

82 

76 


74 
1,023 

282 
105 
112 
29 

18 

15 


Michigan 


M''isconsin 


90 


84 


60,329 


57,648 


50, 740 


Minnesota 


Iowa 














78 


81 


3,710 


2,804 


3,315 


Nebr8.ska 


Kansas 
















Kentucky 


80 
83 

80 
85 
65 
80 


82 
84 

84 
84 
80 
80 


344, 133 
59, 103 

112 
351 
107 
459 


286,830 
48,228 

105 
380 
107 
470 


281,200 






Tennessee 


64,800 

210 
270 
120 
520 


78 


87 


45 


44 


4,j 


75 


70 


Alabama 


Louisiana 
















Texas 
















Arkansas 


































United States.. 


81. 8 82. 5 


954, 245 


862, 473 


953, 734 


83.3 


82.5116,882 


17, 106 


13, 833 


78.7 


74.1 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 
Table 2l.^Rice: Condition and forecast, Oct. 1, 1914, with comparisons. 



Condition, Oct. 1. 



1914 



10-year 
average. 



Forecast from 
condition. 



Oct. 1. 



Sept. 1. 



Final estimates. 



1913 



North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

California 

United States 



Per cent. 
83 
85 
85 

85 
83 

85 
89 



Per cent. 
84 
78 
85 
85 
84 

82 
86 
88 
81 



Bushels. '^ 

5 

178 

37 

10 



43 

11,058 
8, 330 
3,406 

780 



Bushels. I 
5 
170 
38 
10 
6 

44 

11,033 

8,320 

3,406 

805 



Bushels.^ 
7 
147 
16 
10 
4 

42 

11,760 

9, 696 

3, 709 

293 



Bushels.^ 

10 

200 

27 

15 



11,812 

9,429 

3,405 

70 



86.4 



24, 453 



24, 437 



25, 744 



25,054 



Bushels.^ 

13 

117 

39 

18 

6 

76 

11,693 

8,174 

2,792 

6 



22, 934 



' Thousands; 000 omitted. 



24 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 629. 



Table 22. — Clover seed, alfalfa seed, and forage crops: Condilion, production, and yield per 
acre, 1914, with comparisons. 





Clover s 


3ed. 


Alfalfa seed. 


Millet. 


Kafir. 
corn. 


Canadian peas. 


Cow- 
peas. 


State. 


Condition. 


Yield 
per 
acre. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion.! 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion 
of 
hay.i 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion 
of 
seed.i 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion.! 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion 
of 
grain.! 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion 
of for- 
age.! 


Condi- 
tion, 
Oct. 1. 




^2 
o 


CO 

O 






C-3 


03 






CO 




01 




01 


CO 








a> 


CO 


^ 


CO <a 


Maine . 


P.c. 


P.C. 

100 
85 

100 
68 


P.c. 

93 
90 

85 
85 


Bu. 


Bu. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 

94 

98 
92 
95 
87 

90 
93 

"88 
73 

80 
68 
83 
83 
75 

68 


P.C. 

75 
83 
90 
83 
82 

S3 
67 
66 

74 

81 
82 
84 
86 
85 

84 


P.C. 

93 


P.C. 

50 
100 


P.C. 


P.C. 


P.C. 

91 
94 


P.C. 

92 


P.C. 

94 


P.C. 

91 


P.C. 


P.C. 


New Hampshire 

Vermont , 
































79 
90 


































85 
81 






Rhode Island 












85 














Connecticut 




90 
81 
80 
55 
70 

65 

75 
82 
84 

75 






























75 
81 

75 
82 

88 
60 
74 
82 
90 


73 




2.3 
1.5 




78 
89 
89 


90 

"82 
80 

77 
70 
85 
85 
73 

98 


63 
63 






85 
90 
91 

87 

78 
72 
85 
75 
67 

85 


79 

"so 

77 

85 
75 
81 
75 
85 

83 


80 
90 
92 
85 

76 
71 

82 
77 
60 

84 


76 

"85 
85 

90 
83 
81 
81 
91 

86 


87 
89 
86 
82 

80 
70 
86 

75 
75 

85 
84 
82 
77 
74 

83 

"86 
69 

90 


8?! 


New Jersey 


90 1 






88 


Pennsvh'ania. . . 


84 




80 






8'' 




87 

84 
70 
78 
82 
90 

88 














85 












84 
79 
82 
84 
85 

77 






85 




2.8 


3.5 


75 

78 


82 
80 
85 






81 








81 


North Carolina . 










77 


South Carolina 












74 










90 






80 


Florida 














84 


Ohio 


74 
60 
55 

76 

82 
88 
77 
40 

85 
85 
75 
61 
49 

72 
92 
85 


80 
80 
69 

82 
83 
83 
85 
65 

86 
79 
75 
70 
73 

72 
80 
90 
92 
90 

81 
71 
87 
97 
90 


78 
74 
70 

84 
88 
91 
86 
63 

90 
92 
80 

75 
55 

75 
90 
88 
90 

76 
85 
95 
100 
95 


2.6 
2.0 
3.0 

2.5 
2.4 
2.0 
3.5 

2.8 

2.5 
2.5 
2.7 
3.0 
2.6 


2.5 
2.0 
2.5 

2.9 
3.5 
2.5 
3.6 
2.5 

3.5 
2.7 
3.6 
3.9 
5.0 


85 
85 
88 

88 
85 
70 
88 
70 

100 
14C 
65 
75 
67 

85 
93 
75 

"82 

64 
100 
91 
92 
80 

75 
85 
84 
100 

89 

"56 
70 

77.3 


90 
82 
80 

90 
87 
8.5 
90 
79 

100 
90 

100 
95 

85 

80 
100 
92 
50 
75 

85 
75 
98 
88 
80 

85 
88 
87 
95 

88 
90 
80 
82 

89.4 


83 
70 
60 

84 
86 
91 
84 
62 

89 
83 
84 
85 
80 

82 
76 
80 
85 
81 

68 
72 
100 
60 
93 

96 
95 
95 


75 
70 
64 

84 
95 
89 
85 
47 

80 
80 
62 
30 
66 

65 
78 
85 
84 
65 

57 
70 
95 
80 
70 

67 
90 
82 


88 
70 
62 

75 

85 
81 
85 
58 

80 
80 
80 
75 
75 

80 
81 
80 
92 

77 

56 
79 
100 
65 
90 

85 
110 
90 


77 
73 
65 

81 
92 

82 
85 
42 

75 
75 
61 
50 
64 

64 






75 
76 
83 

82 
80 
95 
90 
50 

85 


78 
62 
67 

79 
85 
75 
76 
55 

"56 

"56 
65 

66 

71 
72 
70 
05 

60 
75 
94 
98 
90 

73 

"98 


80 
80 
83 

86 
87 
95 
90 
65 

82 


81 
75 
76 

83 
91 
86 
62 
63 


87 


Indiana 






H?. 




60 


68 


Ki 




SO 






85 


85 




85 


Iowa 






86 




75 


53 


78 




66 








82 


Nebraska 


90 
90 


48 
35 


75 
75 
77 

80 
78 
80 
65 
80 

67 
85 
97 
90 
96 

88 
100 
100 


75 
85 

77 

80 
87 
80 
85 
78 

70 
85 
97 
90 
97 

89 
100 
101 


"60 
67 

68 
72 
78 
74 
60 

64 
79 
99 

98 
88 

63 

"98 


81 
79 

82 

85 
80 
80 
76 
85 

78 
79 
95 


71 


Kansas . 


77 




83 








S3 




1.0 




77 
70 
80 






79 








77 




'4."5 

2.8 
3.5 
5.5 
4.0 
4.0 

3.9 
4.8 
6.0 
4.0 

4.8 

. 7 
5.0 

3.7 


2.5 
4.5 

3.7 
2.4 
4.4 
3.7 
3.8 

4.0 
5.0 
5.5 

5.0 
4.3 
4.2 
5.4 

4.2 






79 


Texas 




58 

53 
74 
100 


90 

79 

86 


67 

52 
75 


73 


Oklahoma . 


85 
65 
100 
105 
100 


74 


Arkansas 


78 








85 
70 










10? 


80 

68 
100 


94 

94 

88 
96 


88 




00 
100 
90 


98 
90 


81 








75 
97 
105 

88 
97 
63 
97 

77.3 


90 


Utah 


95 


100 

98 

93 
95 
95 
95 


RS 












80 
91 
66 
GO 

68.3 


"88 
93 


90 










95 
90 
83 
85 


99 
92 
95 

87 


100 
88 
80 
85 


100 
95 
95 

88 


91 
90 


94 












89 




100 


80 


80 






92 




93 


87 
55.1 


90 


United States. 


80.4 


01.8 


75.1 


62.1 


86.7 


1 




L 









































! Production compared with a full crop. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



25 



Tablk 23. — Apples, pears, grapes: Condition, forecast, Oct. 1, 1914, and price, ivith 

comparisons. 



Stats 



Maine 

New Hampshire . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina... 
Souih Carolina. . . 



Georgia. 
Florida. 

Ohio 

Indiana. 
Illinois.. 



Apples. 



Condition 
Oct. 1. 



P.c. 

84 
84 
8 5 
92 

78 

77 
79 
88 
82 
83 

85 
82 
91 



Michigan.. 
Wisconsm. 
Minnesota. 

Iowa 

Missouri. . . 



South Dakota.. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 



Alabama. . . 
Mississippi- 
Louisiana.. 

Texas 

Oklahoma. 



Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyomiiig 

Colorado 

New Mexico. 
Arizona 



Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington. 

Oregon 

California... 



United States. 



P.c. 

47 
40 
24 
55 
72 

70 
34 
57 
43 
40 



P.C. 
64 
61 
61 
63 
62 

66 
55 

57 
59 
58 



41 61 
34 54 



68 46 

62 50 

501 60 

68 1 52 
43 

70 58 

78 



46.6 



53.1 



Forecast from 
condition. 



6,142 
1,921 
3,067 
3,769 
297 

1,996 
44,991 

3,100 

20, 392 

472 

3, 478: 
12, 938 
10.858 

8,231 
792 

1,896 



11,995 
4,285 
3,737 

15, 453 
2,333 

809 

1,664 

11,490 

202 
1,470 
3,463 
8, 351 
7,538 

1,459 

458 



483 
1,458 



925 



3,884 
888 
135 

808 
150 
1,559 
7,347 
3,294 
5,582 



230,249 



Bu.i 
6,26, 
1,755 
2,620 
3,523 
284 

1,944 
42, 344 

2,927 

20, 592 

438 

3,315 
12, 307 
10,581 

7,569 
737 

1,722 



11,684 
4,004 
3,608 

14, 560 

2,278 

76(i 

1,908 

10, 164 

197 
1,684 
3,636 
7,869 
7,051 

1,410 
409 



425 
1,332 



4,325 
936 



3,711 
829 
125 

844 
150 
1,559 
7,158 
3,338 
5,385 



220,268 



Final estimates. 



Bu.i 

3,000 
800 
700 

2,300 
300 

2,100 
19,500 

2,100 

10, 200 

200 

1,300 
5,200 
1,000 
3,000 
300 

900 



4,800 
6.600 
8,200 

8,^00 
4,000 
1,800 
7,100 
7,900 

300 
2,300 
2,700 
6,900 
3,900 

900 
400 



300 
1,100 



4,000 
800 



3,300 
600 
100 

600 
200 
1,400 
6,900 
3,500 
3,000 



145,400 



Bu.i 
5,400 
2,200 
2,600 
3,300 
300 

1,700 
44,000 

1,700 

12, 700 

400 

2,600 
15,000 
10,300 

7,600 
600 

1,400 



10,600 
4,200 
5,800 

17,200 

2,000 

700 

1, 500 

19,200 

200 
2,800 
6,700 
9,600 
8,900 



1,200 80 
400 85 



Price Sept. 
15. 



Cts. Cts. 

47 75 
53 96 

75 105 

76 100 

77 100 100 



60 



55 63i 60 
56 
55 



50 78 
4S: 55 



50 100 

40; 65 

43 105 

44 75 
100, 115 

88 85 



95 
60 
60 

44 50 
75 55 



125i 93 

95: 85 

92 1 110 

52 65 
55 



500 100 
1, 700 9 



5,100 
900 



3,100 
800 
100 

700 
300 
1,700 
7,700 
4,100 
5,700 



235, 200 



76 
100 91 
100 140 

no 100 

100 78 

80 76 
100 80 
125 

85 88 
100 100 
190 204 

85 75 

180 110 

85 80 

87 65 

84 73 

100 70 



re. 562. 2 



Pears. 



Condition 
Oct. 1. 



P.c. 

81 
70 
73 
78 
84 

70 
59 

84 
76 
50 



P.c 

65 
75 
80 
91 



P.c 
75 
80 
81 
79 



Grapes. 



Condition 
Oct. 1. 



P.c. 
83 

85 



P.c 

70 
69 

72 
86 



56 79 

57 80 
65 

58 



51 



P.c. 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



26 FAEMEES" BULLETIN 629. 

Tablk '24.- — Vegetables: Yield per acre, productiwi, and price, 1914, ivith comparisons. 





Cabbages. 


Onions. 


Tomatoes. 


Beans 
(dry). 


Lima 
beans. 


State. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion.! 


Price 

Sept. 
15. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion.! 


Price 

Sept. 
15. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion.! 


Price 

Sept. 
15. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion.! 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion.! 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 1913 


1914 


1913 


Maine 


P.O. 

90 
89 
92 
100 
92 

82 
85 
85 

85 
82 

78 
64 
81 
70 
74 

76 
82 
80 
66 
58 

89 
84 
86 
80 
50 

8.5 
78 
75 
61 
69 

78 
74 
75 
74 

47 
68 
90 

85 
101 

93 

88 
93 

87 

87 
80 
81 
91 

80.2 


P.c. 

80 

77 
80 
84 
78 

85 
60 
80 
73 
82 

73 

75 
79 
78 
82 

78 
87 
68 
63 
60 

78 
84 
83 
57 
34 

90 
70 
45 
40 
55 

65 

80 
80 
80 

77 

38 
69 
91 
90 

88 

80 
90 
87 
94 

91 

85 
91 

8.5 

71.2 


Cts. 
115 
115 
183 
95 
76 

100 
45 
50 
185 
125 

150 
200 
194 
205 
210 

240 
250 
180 
170 
240 

130 
190 
220 
300 
240 

305 
250 
250 
245 
225 

215 
247 
285 
400 
250 

300 
300 
140 
225 

75 

215 
240 
200 
220 

188 
180 
185 
172 

150 


Cts. 
170 
180 
175 
140 
130 

170 
99 
125 
205 
200 

200 
193 
210 
210 
250 

242 
295 
200 
275 
275 

215 
140 
160 
320 
330 

280 
300 
295 
310 
250 

250 
260 
300 
190 
310 

325 
300 
150 
225 
155 

235 

240 
160 
225 

200 
200 
150 

188 

179 


P.c. 
81 
90 
92 
110 
94 

95 
90 

83 
89 
88 

80 
74 
79 
80 
78 

80 


P.c. 
80 

80 
78 
71 
77 

73 

74 
83 
83 
90 

84 
88 
89 
87 
87 

88 


Cts. 
96 
100 
98 

78 
76 

83 
80 
85 
89 
115 

130 
105 
132 
93 
145 

145 
170 
100 
90 
125 

75 
102 
102 
115 
140 

150 
140 
130 
115 
120 

105 
135 
105 
90 
160 

130 
110 
100 
160 
60 

120 
171 
120 
125 

125 
90 
96 

103 


Cts. 
110 
100 
100 
97 
100 

100 

89 
80 
87 
100 

SO 
86 

105 
80 

125 

120 
150 
98 
100 
109 

80 
94 
83 
110 
120 

160 
110 
135 
150 
100 

95 
110 
145 
125 
130 

130 
110 
110 
135 
125 

150 
140 
115 

150 

102 
105 
115 
100 

103 


P.c. 
90 

87 
91 
95 
95 

97 
92 
80 
91 

73 

75 
72 
88 
83 
72 

81 

/? 
87 
78 
64 

91 
90 
91 

86 
62 

88 
82 
81 
66 
84 

84 
81 
75 
75 
74 

54 
75 
95 
99 
103 

91 
82 
96 
100 

84 
84 
80 
93 

78.2 


P.c. 

83 
76 
70 


Cts. 
65 
93 


Cts. 

85 

103 

108 

65 

75 

60 
75 
53 
65 
35 

36 
57 
87 
100 
102 

110 
162 
68 
55 
85 

72 
80 
90 
90 

80 

150 
100 
120 
185 
70 

75 
110 

80 
115 

175 

160 
70 
150 
125 
125 

160 
150 
85 
115 

100 
170 
iin 


P.c. P.c. 

89 83 


P.c. 
96 

85 

'"91 
99 

88 
90 

88 
88 
88 

80 
70 
83 
78 
70 

83 


P.c. 

85 


New Hampshire 

Vermont 


90 
90 
90 
90 

90 

81 

88 
87 
84 

81 
65 
83 
75 
64 

84 


79 
75 
84 
85 

78 
65 
87 
78 
82 

76 

77 
82 
84 
85 

82 


76 
9'> 


Massachusetts 


79 75 


84 


Rhode Island 


81 

80 
68 
86 
80 

87 

80 
84 
83 
80 
81 

84 
89 
77 
71 
61 

82 
89 
90 
70 
40 

85 
75 
54 
40 
64 

69 
81 
80 

77 


60 

53 
52 
40 
60 
36 

55 
52 
61 
82 
102 

105 
120 
60 
56 

85 

60 
80 

78 
81 
70 

150 
105 
105 
117 
70 

50 
95 
73 


80 


Coimecticut 


80 


New Yorlc 


7'i 


New Jersey 


90 


Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


78 
90 


Maryland 


84 


Virginia . ... 


8-? 


West Virginia 


SO 


North Carolina 


82 


Sonth Carolina 


78 


Georgia 


81 






Ohio 


84 
78 
65 

89 
87 
87 
82 
64 

90 
80 
81 
80 
82 

81 
82 
85 
76 
80 

72 
83 
93 
95 
95 

95 

90 
98 
100 

95 

85 
83 
96 

84.4 


75 
72 
66 

84 
81 
88 
66 
54 

90 

80 
60 
58 
81 

81 
S3 
85 
88 
78 

62 

78 
90 
90 
80 

83 
87 
94 
95 

90 
86 
92 

86 

77.6 


85 
69 
59 

78 
81 
86 
82 
45 

80 
76 
76 
80 
76 

78 
82 
78 
85 
78 

66 

78 

85 

85 

105 

90 

85 
96 


75 
64 
57 

77 
86 
90 
73 
30 

90 
80 
75 
50 
•56 

50 
70 
70 
74 
67 

60 
60 
98 
91 
85 

69 

88 
94 


85 
69 
60 

78 
83 
90 
80 
51 

83 

80 
77 
70 

77 

78 
82 
70 
85 
80 

71 

78 

"96 
97 

80 
70 
100 


75 


Indiana 


58 


Illinois 


50 


Michigan 


79 




88 


Minnesota 


85 


Iowa 


70 




33 


North Dakota 


69 


South Dakota 


81 


Nebraska 


40 


Kansas 


45 




56 


Tennessee 


54 


Alabama 


80 




81 


Louisiana 


84 


Texas 


70 150 

41 150 
73 74 

92 100 
102! 130 

91 100 

75 150 

93 147 
93 1 56 

100 125 


74 


Oklahoma 


57 


Arkansas 


67 




SO 




tf) 




86 




71 




80 


Utah 


100 








87 
85 
96 
84 

77.0 


134 
125 
115 


76 
90 
79 
91 


96 
89 
95 
80 

75. 7 


90 

88 
80 
98 

82.4 


90 




<¥) 




94 




60 42 


86 


United States 


63 




68 


76.5 



! Production compared with a full crop. 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



27 



Table 25. — Miscellaneous crops: Yield per acre, quality, and condition, 1914, with 

comparisons. 





Broom corn. 


Hops. 


Sugar 
beets. 


Sugar 
cane. 


Sor- 
ghum. 


Pea- 
nuts. 


Cran- 
berries. 


State. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Yield per 
acre. 


Condi- 
Quality, tion 
Oct. 1. 


Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 


Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 


Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 


Condi- 
tion 
Oct. 1. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1 
1913 1914 


1913 


1914 


i 
1913jl914 

1 


1913 


1914 1913 


1914 1913 




Lbs. 


Lbs. 


P.c. 


P.c.^ Lbs. 


Lbs. 


P.c. 


P.c}p.c. 


P.C. 


P.C. 


j 
P.c.^P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. P.c. 
74 73 










1 






I 






i 








85 67 










1 ■ 






I 






1 








98 76 
































85 85 
























1 








82 68 













450 


550 


79 


90 


















86 62 






















... ^.... 


88 61 






















1 




76 
84 
83 

82 
84 
88 
86 
80 

65 
89 
87 
90 
84 

65 


84 
84 

87 

83 
87 
90 
81 

78 

65 

91 
91 
79 

48 


79 86 
























1 






























1 




80 

80 
86 
91 


84 

82 
85 
90 


























82 
85 
S3 


75 
85 
90 




























Florida 






















....L... 


Ohio. 


















88 
81 

90 
89 
90 
89 
89 


83 

78 

80 

87 
87 
86 
86 
































SO 




550 


475 


85 


70 








































86l 7.5 












1,200 




98 












90 

85 


8? 




















































450 


407 


68 


46 






















North Dakota.. . 












87 
83 
77 
60 














South Dakota 


















94 
89 
90 






85 
88 
86 

86 
89 
85 
81 
85 

91 

78 
80 


75 
55 
42 

70 
72 
81 
81 
84 

73 
56 
71 












550 
420 


400 
150 


85 
90 


55 
55 












































Kentucky 
























880 


1,000 


80 


67 


















80 
86 
84 

87 

85 
76 
80 


65 
82 

83 

81 

73 
60 
73 






Alabama 














85 
79 
80 

82 


78 
82 

87 

75 


























































Texas 


650 
370 
550 


300 
250 


70 
76 

83 


56 

45 














































8? 


75 


















95 
95 

96 


97 
95 

87 
84 
90 
92 
96 

95 
95 


































::::::" 








483 
500 


325 
225 


88 60 




























95 


65 










93 










82 


65 

95 























94 
100 


90 

85 






Utah 


















96 
100 

94 
88 
85 
89 










































































Washington . 










1,4S0 

950 

1,700 


1,615 
1,250 
1,600 


97 
94 
93 


94 
100 
97 








































;::: ;:: 




California 










84 












88 






























United States.. 


414.2 


272.6 


79.1 


50.3 


985.3 


1,149.8 


92.2 


96.4 


91.9 


86.2 


80.9 


85.3 


81.9 


70.2 


83.9 


83.6 


91.5 


71.5 



1 Production compared with a full crop. 



28 



FAEMERS' BULLETIN 629. 

PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

Table 26.- — Prices paid Lo producers of farm products, by Slates. 













Sept 


15. 










State. 


Hogs. 


Beef cattle. 


Sheep. 


MUch 


cows. 


Horses. 




1914 


4-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


4-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


4-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


4-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


4-year 
aver- 
age. 




Dolls. 
8.50 
9.00 
8. .50 
10.30 
9.80 

10.20 
8.60 

10.00 
8.80 
8.90 

8.70 
8.20 
8.30 
8.10 
8.20 

8.40 
7.00 
8.80 
8.70 
8.40 

8.30 
8.30 
7.80 
8.30 
8.00 

7.20 
7.80 
8.00 
8.10 
8.00 

8.00 
7.40 
6.60 
7.40 
7.60 

7.80 
6.60 
7.40 
8.20 
8.30 

8.20 
8.10 
7.50 

8.80 

8.00 
8.00 
7.90 

8.80 


Dolls. 
7.55 
7.80 
7.32 
8.53 
8.53 

8.90 

7.78 
8.40 
8.22 
8.63 

8.00 
7.32 
7.55 

7.58 
7.32 

7.18 
6.22 
8.15 
8.15 

7.88 

7.80 
7.60 

7.28 
7.62 
7.62 

6.70 
7.18 
7.40 
7.52 
7.52 

7.15 
7.02 
6.80 
6.05 
6.92 

7.50 
6.10 

7.88 
7.80 
7.62 

7.40 
8.10 
7.20 

8.27 

7.45 
8.18 
8.25 
7.42 


Dolls. 
8.10 
8.00 
5.80 
7.10 

8.00 
7.10 
7.10 
7.60 
6.50 

7.20 
6.40 
6.70 
5.20 
5.00 

5.00 
5.30 
7.40 
7.30 

7.40 

6.60 
6.00 
6.10 

7.70 
6.80 

5.80 
6.80 
7.00 
7.10 
6. 60 

5.90 
4.60 
4.50 
5.30 
5.50 

5.80 
4.80 
6.70 
7.10 
6.70 

6.00 
6.10 
5.80 
6.80 

6.00 
6.20 
6.10 
6.60 


Dolls. 
7.15 
6.22 
4.98 
6.27 
6.67 

8.17 
5.30 
6.38 
6.12 
5.83 

5.62 
5.05 
5.30 

4.08 
3.98 

3.80 
4.62 

5.82 
5.22 

5. 88 

5.10 

4.68 
4.45 
6.05 
5.55 

4.42 
5.22 
5.72 
5.55 

4.SS 

4.18 
3.25 
3.45 
4.35 
4.18 

4.48 
3.78 
5.58 
5.40 

5.28 

5.28 
5.75 
4.90 
5.42 

5.28 
5.60 
5.68 
6.10 


Dolh. 
4.80 
5.70 
4.40 


Dolls. 
4.32 
5.00 
3.65 


Dolls. 
60.00 
61.00 
56.00 
76.00 
78.00 

73.70 
66.50 
70.00 
62.80 
55.00 

54.00 
49.20 
53.90 
40.30 
41.00 

40.50 
45.90 
63.00 
56.50 
64.00 

61.20 
67.10 
62.10 
61.90 
54.50 

65.70 
66.70 
67.00 
62.00 
50.00 

47.20 
39.10 
40.00 
42,00 
53.20 

55.40 
40.50 
78.90 
86.00 
73.00 

65.10 
SO. 00 
70.30 
77.00 

77.90 
76.00 
67.00 
72.50 


Dolls. 
50.10 
57.12 
47.38 
55.62 
71.88 

62.17 
54.95 
56.80 
51.38 
45.27 

38.80 
39.10 
41.88 
32. CO 
37.00 

32.52 
39.05 
49.85 
46.58 
51.22 

46.65 
50.68 
44.92 
49.32 
45.38 

47.55 
46.22 

48.15 
47.75 
38.42 

36.65 
30.28 
30.75 
31.98 
43.35 

43.05 
31.65 
59.00 
58.62 
54.02 

51.00 
61.00 
49.92 
67.33 

56.02 
62.70 
53.35 
55.50 


Dolls. 
205 
200 
162 
215 

205 
172 
155 
170 
125 

130 
140 
144 
148 
162 

160 
145 
156 
142 
137 

165 
174 
153 
149 
110 

136 
127 
122 
117 
117 

137 
131 
115 
105 

88 

97 
9; 

125 
99 

105 

69 
120 
125 
125 

109 
123 
105 
110 


Dolls. 
195 


New Hampshire 

Vermont 


181 
158 




186 








217 


Connecticut 

New York. . 


6.90 
4.70 

""5."46" 
5.20 

5.30 
4.20 
4.30 
4.30 
5.90 

4.80 
5.00 
4.40 
4.00 
4.70 

4.60 
5.10 
4.50 

4.70 
4.20 

4.80 
4.60 
5.40 
5.20 
4.00 

4.00 
5.00 
4.30 

4.50 
4.70 

4.40 
4.10 
6.00 
5.60 
4.50 

4.60 
3.00 
5.40 
5.20 

4.70 
5.00 
4.50 
5.00 


6.17 
3.92 

4.18 
4.70 
5.07 

4.45 
3.90 
3.90 
4.38 
4.75 

4.05 

"'"3.' 65" 
3.62 
3.88 

4.00 
3.85 
3.90 
4.22 
3. GO 

4.30 
4.25 
4.38 
4.18 
3.48 

3.48 
4.18 
3.75 
5.10 
4.25 

4.10 
3.52 
4.28 
4.65 
4.40 

4.35 
4.10 
5.08 
4.30 

3.88 
4.60 
4.80 
4.95 


203 
179 




168 


Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


174 
158 




142 


Virginia . . 


142 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


142 
150 
175 

156 


Florida. .. 


149 


Ohio 


161 




153 


Illinois 


154 


Michigan 


170 


Wisconsin... 


172 


Minne.sota 


160 


Iowa 


164 


Missouri 


127 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 


150 
138 
129 


Kansas 


127 


Kentucky 


128 




146 


Alabama . 


129 




120 


Louisiana 


94 


Texas 


96 


Oklahoma 


103 


Arkansas 


108 


Montana 


137 


Vv'yoming 


108 


Colorado 


121 


New Mexico 

Arizona 


78 
108 


Utah 


114 




119 


Idaho 


134 


Washington . . 


143 


Oregon 


113 


California 


144 






United States. 


8.11 


7.49 


6.38 


5.09 


4.80 


4.26 


59.58 


46.87 


132. 47 


141.53 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 29 

Table 2f). — Friccs jmid to producers of farm producis, by States — Continued. 





Oct. 1.. 


State. 


Butter. 


Eggs. 


Chickens. 


Rye. 


Hay. 




1914 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


5-ycar 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 




Cts. 
31 
34 
33 
36 
34 

37 
32 
34 
31 
31 

2S 
25 
26 
24 
26 

24 
33 
27 
24 

27 

27 
30 
27 
27 
23 

26 
25 
24 
25 
21 

19 
23 
23 
28 
23 

24 
24 
32 
31 
30 

35 
34 
33 
42 

30 
33 
31 
30 


Cts. 
31 
32 
31 
34 
34 

35 
30 
33 
30 

27 

27 
24 
24 
24 
25 

24 
32 
25 
23 
25 

26 
28 
26 
25 
22 

24 
24 
23 
24 
20 

19 
21 
22 
26 
23 

23 
22 
33 
30 

29 

32 
35 
31 
37 

32 
33 
32 
32 


Cts. 
33 
35 
29 
41 
39 

38 
33 
35 

28 
25 

26 
24 
24 
23 
24 

23 
2S 
25 
23 
22 

24 
23 
22 
21 
19 

21 
19 
19 
19 
19 

IS 
21 
21 
23 

18 

17 
20 
29 
27 
29 

29 
35 

27 
45 

26 
33 
31 
35 


Cts. 
30 
33 
29 

38 
38 

37 

29 
33 

27 
27 

25 
22 
22 
21 
23 

22 
26 
23 
22 
21 

22 
21 
20 
19 
18 

20 
19 
18 
IS 
19 

18 
20 
20 
20 

IS 

17 
19 
32 
29 

27 

28 
34 
25 
39 

29 
32 
29 
34 


Cts. 
14.7 
15.0 
14.1 
19.1 
19.5 

18.5 
16.9 
18.0 
14.9 
15.5 

15.9 
14.2 
13. 9 
12.6 
13.1 

13.5 
16.7 
12.9 
12.2 
11.9 

12.6 
12.4 
11.0 
11.3 
11.2 

11.0 
9.9 
10.5 
10.6 
11.4 

11.5 
13.6 
12.3 
13.6 
10.5 

9.7 
12.5 
14.4 
14.1 
14.1 

13.9 
18.2 
13.3 
21.0 

11.7 
13.2 
13.8 
15.5 


Cts. 
14.2 
14.6 
13.6 
17.0 
17.8 

16.7 
14.9 
17.3 
13.6 

14.5 

14.8 
14.3 
12.6 
U.9 
12.2 

13.3 
14.5 
11.9 
U.l 
11.2 

11.4 
11.2 
9.7 
10 6 
10.3 

10.0 
9.1 
9.6 
9.4 

11.0 

10.8 
12.2 
11.9 
13.4 
9.7 

9.2 
10.1 
14.6 
14.6 
13.1 

13.1 
16.8 
13.0 

18.8 

12.5 
13.9 
12.2 
14.8 


Cti. 


Cts. 


Dolls. 
13.20 
16.80 
14.50 
20.00 
22.00 

20. 00. 
14.80 
19.50 
14.00 
13.80 

15.80 
17.50 
16.90 
17.50 
17.80 

16.50 
17.10 
13. 90 
It.vO 
14.00 

12.40 
9.90 
6.20 
10.30 
14.70 

5.20 
5.30 
7.00 
8.30 
16.50 

18.00 
14.40 
12.30 
12.60 
9.10 

8.20 
13.40 

8.50 
7.40 
8.00 

10.50 
8.50 
8.20 

10.80 

6.40 
10.60 
8.20 
7.50 


DolU. 
13.46 


New Hampshire 

Vermont 


90 
69 
99 
110 

100 

85 
86 
79 
82 

84 
87 
90 
97 
136 

105 


97' 

93 
79 

78 
78 
75 

7S 
84 
83 
99 
149 

141 


16.28 
13.40 


Massachusetts 

Ehode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 


20.56 

21.84 

20.12 
15.04 


New Jersey 

I'ennsylvania 

Delaware 


18.46 
15.48 
14.90 


Maryland 


16.08 


Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


15.76 
14.54 
15.60 
17.92 

17.56 




16.08 


Ohio 


78 
82 
83 

79 
78 
77 
76 

ss 

76 

63' 

74 
93 

99 
153 


76 
71 
76 

69 
68 
62 
67 
80 

60 
61 
61 

7S 
S7 

96 
135 


13.20 




12.52 


Illinois 

Michigan 


12.70 
13.26 


\\isconsin 


12.32 




7.80 




9.40 




10.76 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


5.52 
6.52 
8.08 


Kansas 

KcBtucky 

Tennessee 


8.52 
14.14 

14.74 


Alaliania . . . 


13.42 




11.86 








11.04 


Texas 


97 

80 
97 
64 
81 
60 


106 

99 
102 
67 

6.5' 


11.28 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 


7.90 
11.42 




9.84 




9.56 




9.48 




11.02 








10.54 




65 


63 


8.44 




9.38 




74' 

90 
100 


66 

81 
87 
81 


7.68 


Washington 


11.50 




9.28 


California 


11.20 






United States. 


26.0 


25.6 


23.5 


22.0 


12.5 


11.6 


79.0 


72.0 


11.77 


12.07 



30 FARMEES' BULLETIN 629. 

Table 21. — Averages for the United States of -prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Product. 



Hogs per 100 lbs 

Beef cattle do. . 

Veal calves do. . 

Sheep do. . 

Lambs do.. 

Milch cows per head 

Horses do. . 

Honey, comb per lb 

Wool, mawashed do.. 

Peanuts do .-. 

Apples per bu 

Peaches do.. 

Pears do. . 

Beans do.. 

Sweet potatoes do.. 

Tomatoes do.. 

Onions do . . . 

Cabbages per 100 lbs. 

Clover seed per bu . 

Timothj' seed do.. 

Alfalfa seed oo. . 

Broom com per ton 

Cotton seed do. . . 

Hops per lb . 

Paid by farmers: 

Clover seed per bu. 

Timothy seed do... 

Alfalfa seed do... 

Bran per ton. 



Sept. 15— 



1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 



S8. 11 
6.38 
8.06 
4.80 
6.27 

59.58 

132. 00 

.137 

.130, 

.050 

.62 
1.37 

.93 
2.46 

.90 

.63 
1.03 

1.50 
9.10 
2.46 

7.21 
77.00 
13. SS 
.2-14 



10.76 
3.25 

8.85 
27.86 



S7.68 
5.92 
7.73 
4.23 
5 51 

55. 78 
141.00 
.138 
.158 
.049 

.76 
1.36 
1.19 
2.08 

.90 

.68 
1.04 
1.79 
7.31 
2.13 

7.42 

106.00 

21.07 

.209 



10.22 
2.84 
8.96 

26.59 



$7.47 
5.35 
6.83 
4.11 
5 49 

46.79 

141.00 

.135 

.1.S7 
.048 

.62 
1.10 
1.00 
2.38 

.89 

.59 

.89 

1.25 

9.39 

2.09 

9.02 
77.00 
17.61 
.198 



11.61 

3.06 

10. .52 

26.82 



86.53 
4.43 
6.11 
3.91 
5.02 

42.22 

139. 00 

.13^ 

.156 

.051 

.70 
1.29 
1.04 
2.26 

.98 



1.04 
1.94 
10.19 
6.65 



92.00 

18.09 

. 40G 



S8.27 
4.65 
6.43 
4.81 
5.85 

42.68 

145. 00 

.134 

.177 

.045 

.74 
1.15 
LOl 

2.28 
.80 



.99 
1.94 

8.27 
3.77 



139.00 
26.23 



Oct. 1.5— 



Aug. l.j— 



1913 1912 1914 1913 1912 



S7.60 
6.05 
7.72 
4.16 
5.51 

56.47 

138. 00 

.139 

.155 

.048 

.86 
1.45 

.96 
2.25 

.78 

.73 
1.10 
1. 69 
7.00 
2.02 

6.96 
102. 00 
22.01 
.295 



9.32 

2. 85 

8.73 

26.52 



.S7. 70 
5.36 
6. SO 
4.19 
5.42 

47.30 

140. 00 

. 136 

.185 

.047 

.61 
1.05 

.83 
2.34 

.80 

.62 

.85 

1.08 

9.37 

1.95 

7.87 

70.00 

18.04 

.222 



11.28 

2.84 

9.84 

26.58 



$8.11 
6.47 
8.08 
4.87 
6.26 

60.72 

135.00 

. 135 

.18' 
.049 

.69 
1.05 

.99 
2.54 

.98 

.92 
L38 

1.74 
8.76 
2.43 

6.81 
91.00 
20. 16 
.200 



10.. 39 
3.17 
7.79 

27.24 



87.79 
5.91 
7. 53 
4.32 
5.£0 

54.78 

141. 00 

.138 

.158 

.049 

.75 
1.26 
1.10 
2.11 

.99 

.96 
1.0.5 
2.15 
9.37 
2.01 

7.96 
91.00 
20.24 



11.94 

2.76 

10.06 

25.10 



S7. 11 
5.37 
6.62 
4.26 
5.60 

46.11 
142. CO 
.137 
.188 
.050 

.68 
1.08 
1.06 
2.40 
1.02 



1.00 

1.88 
9.80 
3.20 

8.58 
83.00 
18.02 

.188 



11.78 
3.89 
10.07 
27.41 



Table 2S.— Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers. 



Product and market. 



Wlieat per bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St. Louis 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter, New York i 

Com per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2 mi.xed. New York ' 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago 

Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timothy, 

Chicago". 

Hops, per pound: Choice, New York . . 
Wool per poimd: 

Ohio fine unwashed, Boston 

Best tub washed, St. Louis 

Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of 

sales, Chicago 

Butter per poimd: 

Creamery, extra, New York 

Creamery, extra, Elgin 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh, New York 

Average best fresh, St. Louis 

Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New York 



Oct. 1, 1914. 



$1.02 -$1.04 
1.05 - 1.05 J 
1.14i- 1.14i 

.74J- .74i 
. 72 - . 721 



.441- 
.443- 
.92 - 



.46 
.45J 
.93 



15. 50 -16. 50 
. 45 - .50 



. 25 - .25 
.31 - .32 



Sept., 1914. 



Sl.OlJ- 
1.01 - 
1.13 - 

.77J- 

.72i- 



$1. 18* 
1.23i 
1.3l| 

• .82J 
.83| 



.45 
.44 
.90 

14.50 
.35 

.25 
.31 



- .52 

- .51 J 

- l.OOi 

-16. 50 

- .50 

- .25 

- .33 



7.90 - 9.25 



.29i- .29J 

.29 - .29 

.31 - .42 

.20J- .20*! 

.15i- .ISj! 



.30 - 
.29 - 

.30 - 
.20J- 
.15 - 



.32J 
.30* 



Aug., 1914. 



3.80 -$1.14 
.851- 1.16 
.95 - 1.22 



. 74 - .86 
. 82 - . 93* 

. 34 - .50 
.334- .48 J 
.67'^ 1.01 

15.00 -18.50 
.35 - .37 



.25 
.32 



.25 
.33 



7. 90 - 9. 90 



.28§- .32 
.28- .30J 



.42 . 27 - .36 
. 22J . 19 - . 21i 
.16 .14*- .16J 



Sept., 1913. 



.90 -SO. 96 
. 88*- . 95* 
. 96i- . 98* 

. 72 - .78 
.711- .781 



.41^- .441 
. 40 J- . 43f 
. 641- . 70 

16.00 -19.50 
. 39 - .43 

. 20 - .21 
.29 - .29 

7.50 - 9.25 

.30 - .32* 
. 30 - . 31' 



.30 - 
.12 - 
.151- 



.46 
.24 
.161 



Sept., 1912. 



SO. 98 -SI. 10 
1.01 - 1.07 
1.03*- 1.06 

.68 - .79J 
. 68J- . 79 



.31 - .34.^ 
.31 - .34J 
.66J- .71 

15.00 -22.00 
.20 - . 30 

. 23 - .25 
. 36 - .36 

7.60 - 9.27i 



.27J- 
.25 - 



. 27 - .42 
. 194- . 22 
.151- -16? 



1 F. o. b. afloat. 

2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored .\ugust. 



J 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



31 




32 



FARMERS BULLETIN 629. 




8 




y ^ '-' 



5 o -a 



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„ :a J a b-3 

g g « >. n X! 



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i )3 I. 

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8 a -^ J3 



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C a 



a 3 
" 3 



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" (13 a* '♦^ 



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to »} o ■« P >* 



■D -^ -^ 

CS J3 O 

V <I> 

■e a 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



33 




FAKMEKS' BULLETIN 629. 




THE AGEICULTUEAL OITTLOOK. 



35 




O 



U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

i a t III 





Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. 
November 23, 1914. 

THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Crop review, November 1, 1914 1 

Preliminary estimate of sugar beets and beet 

sugar, lOU 1 

Preliminary estimate of Louisiana sugar cane, 

1914 5 

Hops consumption t> 

Florida and California crop report 6 

Trend of prices of farm products 7 

The world's wheat 7 

The cotton crop surplus 9 

Cost of producing cotton 12 

The cooperative marketing of cotton 14 



Page. 

Relative production of apple varieties 10 

Food production and requirements of various 

countries 20 

International Institute of Agriculture's crop 

report 23 

Canadian crop report '-'3 

Conditions, yield per acre, production, 
quality, price, v/eiglit of grain per 
measured bushel, and stocks on farms 

of specified crops, by States (tables) 25 

Prices of farm products (tables) 33 

Yield indications Nov. i, 19t4(chart) 40 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF DECEMBER CROP REPORTS. 

On Thursday, December 10, at 2.00 p. m., the Bureau of Crop Estimates, United States Department of 
Agriculture, will issue an estimate of the total production of cotton this season. 

A final estimate and review of crop production and values this year vrillbe issued on Tuesday, December 
15, at 12.30. 

On Thursday, December 17, at 12.30 p. m., an estimate of winter wheat and rye acreage and condition 
will be issued. 



CROP REVIEW, NOVEMBER 1, 1914, 

The preliminary estimates of crop production this year indicate 
that the aggregate per acre yields of all crops will be about 9.4 per 
cent larger than last year's yields, about 2.3 per cent larger than 
their 10-year average, but nearly 5 per cent smaller than in 1912, 
which year stands as the record for large crop yields. The early 
part of the present season was rather unfavorable to crop growth, 
the early summer being severely hot and dry in many States. As 
the season progressed, however, prospects improved and the final 
outturn of crops is better than had been forecast at any time during 
the growing season. The improving tendency of the season may be 
seen from the monthly forecast of production from, the condition 
69415°— Bull. 641—14 1 



FARMERS BULLETIX Gil. 



reports, as shown in Table 4. From July 1 to the time of harvest 
nearly all crops showed an enlargement in the production forecast. 

Most crops have produced larger yields this year than last year, 
important exceptions being flaxseed and clover seed. The total pro- 
duction of corn this year is expected to be about 10.6 per cent larger 
than last year's total production, the wdieat crop 16. S per cent larger, 
oats 1.6 per cent larger, barley 10.3 per cent larger, buckw^heat 23.1 
per cent larger, potatoes 22.6 per cent larger, sweet potatoes 5.1 per 
cent smaller, hay 7 per cent larger, cotton between 8 and 9 per cent 
larger, tobacco about 3 per cent larger, apples about 78 per cent 
larger, sugar beets 9 per cent smaller, and flaxseed 10.5 per cent 
smaller than the total production of last year. 

Prices which producers are receiving for grain crops are somiewhat 
higher than received from last year's crops, notwithstanding increased 
production, but there has been a considerable decline in potatoes and 
apples, and a marked decline in the price of cotton. On the basis of 
prices prevailing on November 1, 1914, and November 1, 1913. the 
total valuation of crop production in 1914 of the 12 crops shown in 
Table 1 is 2.1 per cent higher this year than last year. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates makes 
the following estimates from reports of its correspondents and agents: 



Table 1.- 



Yield per acre, produclion, quality, andjanii price of principal crop," 
for the United Stateft. 



Total 





Yield per acre. 


Production (000 
omitted). 


Quality. 


Price, Nov. 1. 


Crops. 


1914 


1913 


10-year 
average. 


1914, pre- 
liminary. 


1913, final. 


1914 


1913 


1914 1 


1913 1 


Corn bushels. . 

Wheat do 

Oats do.... 

Barley do 

Rye.." do 

Buckwheat do 

Potatoes do 

Sweet potatoes. .do 

Hay tons.. 

Cotton pounds. - 


25.8 
16.7 
29.7 
26.1 

16.8 

21.4 
109. 6 

94.5 
1.42 
200.6 

853.8 
8.3 


23.1 
15.2 
29.2 
23.8 
16.2 

17.2 

90.4 

94.5 

1.31 

182. 

784.3 
7.8 


28.7 
14.4 
29.9 
25.2 
16.2 

19.7 
96.6 
91.6 
1.40 
187.2 

823.8 
9.0 


2,705,692 
891,9.:0 

1,139,741 

196,568 

42,664 

17, 025 

406,288 

56,030 

68,604 

7,341,000 

982,715 

15,973 

2 258,862 

5,147 

4,017 


2, 446, 988 
763,380 

1,121,768 
178,189 
41,381 

13,833 

331,525 

59,057 

61,116 

6.772,000 

953, 734 

17,853 

145,410 

5,659 

5,647 


P.ct. 
85.1 

89.7 
86.5 
87.5 
94.0 

SI. 6 
90.9 

89.8 
92.1 


P.ct. 

82.2 
93.2 

89.1 
86.4 
94.0 

86.5 

87.8 
87.8 
91.7 


Cents. 
69.7 
96.2 
42.5 
51.3 
80.6 

78.1 
54.0 
76.3 
11.71 
6.3 


Cents. 
70.7 
77.0 
37.9 
54.7 
63.2 

75.5 
69.6 
75.7 
12. 26 
13.0 


86.4 
90.4 

85.3 


84.7 
91.2 
70.2 




Flaj^eed bushels. . 


118.7 
3 56. 


118.7 
38.5.6 


Stigar beets tons.. 

Hemp pounds. . 


10.6 
817 


9.76 

894 


9.96 























1 Hay, dollars per ton; cotton, cents per pound; other products, cents per bushel. 
" Forecast from November condition, 
s Average, Oct. 15. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OtTTLOOK. 

Table 2. — Production, of rarioii.^ product^, eipres-ied ii> jx-rcentages of a '"full crop 
191-.'-J')/4: ToUd for the United States. 



Crop. 



Fruits: 

Apples 

Apricots (Cal.) . . 

Blackberries 

Cantaloupes 

Cranberries 

Grapefruit (Fla.) 

Grapes 

Lemons 

Limes (Fla.) 

Oi-anges 

Peaches 

Pears 

Pineapples(Fla.) 

. Prunes (Cal.) 

Raspberries 

Strawberries 

Watermelons 

Vegetables; 

Bean.s (dry) 

Beans (lima) 

Cabbages 



Per cent. 
74.5 
80.0 
70.8 
83.7 
91.0 

'89.0 

89.8 

195.0 

185.0 

189.1 
63.0 
71.1 
68.0 

78.0 
80.5 
74.2 
81.8 

81.7 
82.4 
80.2 



Per cent. 
44.6 
61.0 
74.6 
78.1 
70.0 

180.0 

72.8 

165.0 

190.0 

182.2 
47.6 

58.7 
88.0 

63.0 

72.9 
73.6 

75.7 

75.7 
76.5 
71.2 



Percent. 
69.9 
80.0 
71.5 

79.8 

78.7 

195.0 

87.8 

192.0 

185.0 

1 92. 9 
68.4 
73.5 
92.0 

88.0 
77.4 
89.2 
80.6 

81.7 
83.2 
90.6 



Crop. 



Vegetables — Con. 

Cauliflower (Cal.) 

Celery (Cal.) 

Onions 

Tomatoes 

Miscellaneous: 

Alfalfa 

Alfalfa seed 

Almonds (Cal.)... 

Broom corn 

Clover hay 

Clover seed 

Hemp 

Kafir corn (grain) 

Kafir coni( forage) 

Millet hay 

Millet seed 

Olives (Cal.).. 

Peanuts 

Sugar beets . . . 

Sugar cane 

Wahiuts (Cal.) 



ir cent. 
96.0 
96.0 

84.4 
78.2 

93.9 
77.3 
85.0 
79.1 

73.5 
70.2 
70.0 
96.4 

86.7 

80.4 

75.1 

188.0 

89.4 
194.3 
188.6 

7S.0 



Per cent. 
90.0 
92.0 
77.6 
77.0 

83.3 
89.4 
50.0 
50.3 

81.0 
80.5 
55.0 
52.8 

55.1 

61.8 

02.1 

176.0 

84.3 
189.0 
185.0 

77.0 



Per cent. 
90.0 
96.0 
90.5 
85.3 

94.2 
84.2 
81.0 
82.9 

83.0 
74.6 
77.0 
156.2 

88.6 

86.0 

80.2 

172.0 

82.0 
192.9 
178.1 

S6.0 



1 Condition Nov. 1. 

Tablk ;>. — Average of yields this year of all crops combined, duly weiyhted by States, 
compared, first, with last year and, second, with the average yields of recntt years (mostly 
JO years). 



State. 


Crop yields, 1914, 
compared — 


State. 


Crop yields, 1914, 
compared — 


With 
1913. 


With 
average. 


With 
1913. 


With 
average. 




Per cent. 
116.9 
128.4 
105.5 
120.6 
111.7 

116.8 
120.7 
104.8 
107.7 
113.6 

122.4 
85.2 
100. 9 
105. 6 
99.4 

107.8 
102.0 
104.0 
97.6 
105. 2 

118.1 
97.8 
84.2 
103.8 
115.2 


Per cent. 
118.4 
113.8 
102.7 
116.3 
113.4 

11L7 
110.7 
104.9 
105.5 
109.3 

112.9 
89.9 
94.7 
108.1 
103. 7 

111.2 
112.0 
100.1 
92.7 
85.3 

111.4 
106. 3 

94.7 
104. 9 

81.6 


1 North Datota 


Per cent. 
110.2 
110.6 
129.1 
192. 2 
121.3 

111.1 
110.3 
103.7 
101.6 
100.7 

163.5 
102.2 
94.3 
106.0 
IIS.O 

129.8 
85.6 
108.1 
112.5 
93.7 

100.9 
91.9 
123. 


Per cent. 
99.2 




1 South Dakota 


93.6 




1 Nebraska 


102.9 




Kansas 


124.2 






101.9 






98. 5 




Alabama 


110.1 




Mississippi 


103.1 




Louisiana 


103.7 




Texas 


103.7 




Oklahoma 


105.6 






95.9 




Mont ana 


90.2 




Wyoming 


97.9 




Colorado 


106.6 




New Mexico 


110.0 




Arizona 


97.9 


Ohio 


Utah 


100.2 




Nevada 


118.6 




Idaho 


95.4 




Washington 


101.4 






95.0 




California 


109.9 




United States 






109.4 


102.3 







farmeeb' bulletin (341. 



Table 4. — Fmecubts/ioni <oN<Ution,foi- crops andmonthfi indicated. 1914, nnd preliixlnary 

estimates of production. 



[Thousands; 000 omitted.] 



Winter wheat bushels. 

Spring wheat do. . . 

Corn do. . . 

Oats do. . . 

Barlej' do. . . 



Potatoes do. . . 

Svreet potatoes do. . . 

Buckwheat do. . . 

Tobacco poimds. 

Flaxseed bushels. 



Hay ; tons. 

Apples bushels. 

Kice do. . . 



June. 



638, 147 
202, 135 



1,216,22;? 
206, 430 



July. 



652. 975 

274; 003 

2,916,572 

1,199,805 

211,319 

360,614 
49,474 



756,961 
17,665 



23,619 



August. 



Seplem- 
brr. 



1675,115 

236,120 

2,634,214 

1,153,240 

202,660 

369,634 
49, 886 
16,897 

791,379 
16,820 

69,464 

210, 300 

23,925 



221,482 
2,598,417 
1,115,548 

199,575 

370,663 
54,958 
17,106 

862,473 
15,426 

1 68,604 
220, 2C8 
24,437 



October. 



Novem- 
ber.' 



1 216,835 
2,676,270 
1,139,741 
I lt6,568 

383,619 
55,304 
16,882 

954,245 
16,826 



2,705,6(12 



40f), 238 
56,030 
17,025 

982,715 
15, £73 



230,249 
24,453 



258, S';i2 



1 Preliminary estimate of production. 

PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF SUGAR BEETS AND BEET SUGAR, 1914. 

By Frank Andrews, Chi(f, Division of Crop Iiecord>>. 

iioports from sugar-beet factories, based chiefly upon results for 
the beginning of the campaign, indicate that the area of beets har- 
vested for sugar making in 1914 will be 486,000 acres, and the pro- 
duction 5,147,000 tons. The total sugar production, according to 
these preliminary returns, is expected to be ()()4,000 short tons, which 
is about 09,000 tons less than in 1913, and nearly 29,000 less than 
in 1912. 

While the beet crop is approximately 500,000 tons less in 1914 than 
in 1913, the average yield per acre in 1914 was exceeded only twice 
in the post 14 years; once in 1906, when the average yield was 11.26 
tons per acre, and again in 1911, when the average was 10.68. 

The average yield of sugar per ton of beets promises to be prac- 
tically the same in 1914 as in 1913. Details of the estknates for 1914 
with comparisons for earlier yeai-s, are shown in Table 5. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK- 5 

Table 5. — P reliminanj estimate of suqar beets and bat s^igar in 1914 and final e.'-:timaies 

fo/j91S end 19J2. 





Jieets. 


Pti,t;ar 
produc- 
tion. 


Averag-e extrac- 
tion of sugar. 


f tate, and year cf 
l;eet liai-vast. 


Area har- 
vested. 


Production. 


Value. 


Percent- 

ase 
of beets. 


Per 




Total. 


Average 
per acre. 


Total. 


Average 
price per 
per ton. 


short 
ton of 
beets. 


California: 

1914, preliminary. 
1913 


A am. 
107, 000 
127, 610 
111,416 

132, 000 
168,410 
144,999 

25,000 
22, 497 
19, 952 

100,000 
107,9:5 
124,241 

17,000 
30,661 
27,062 

•42,000 
39, 473 
37,000 

63, 000 
83,391 
90,630 


Tonr,.i 

996, ono 

1,1.38,003 
1,004,328 

1,552,000 
1,840,653 
1,641,861 

260,000 
222,612 
170, 619 

915,000 
955,242 
838, 784 

182, 000 
240, 435 
263, 005 

571,000 
48i;8f3 
445, 130 

671,000 

780,654 
860,650 


9.3 

8.92 

9.01 

11.7 

10. 93 
11.32 

10.5 
9.9 

8.55 

9.2 

8.M 
6.75 

10.9 
7.84 
9.72 

13.5 
12.21 
12.03 

10.7 
9.48 

9.78 


DoUar.^. 
5,797,000 
6,942,000 
6, 48S, 000 

8, 642, COO 
10, 437, 000 
9, 785, 000 

1,299,000 

1,111,000 

884,000 

4, 785, 000 
5, 665, 000 
4,773,000 

919,000 
1.284,000 
i; 397, 000 

2,818,000 
2,318,000 
2,181,000 

3,690,000 
4,473,000 
5,013,000 


Dollars. 
5.82 
6.10 
6.46 

5.57 
5.67 
5.96 

5.00 
4.99 
5.18 

5.23 
5.93 
5.09 

5.05 
5. .34 
5.31 

4.91 
4. SI 
4.90 

.5.50 
5.73 
5.82 


Tons.'- 
146, 000 
171,208 
158, 904 

191,000 
22t), 274 
216,010 

35,000 
29, 620 
24,761 

114,000 
122, 424 
95,049 

21,000 
28, 687 
28,503 

74,000 
57,231 
59, 571 

.83,000 
94,957 
109, 758 


Per cent 
14.7 
15.05 
15.82 

12.3 

12.46 

13.16 

13.5 
13.31 

14.51 

12.5 

12.82 

11.33 

11.5 

11.93 

10.84 

13.0 
11.88 
13. 38 

12.4 
12.16 
12. 75 


Pounds. 
294 
301 


1912 


316 


Colorado: 

1914, preliminaxy . 
1913 . . . 


246 
249 


1912 


263 


Idalio: 

1914, preliminary. 
1913 


272 
266 


1912 


290 


Michigan: 

191 4, preliminary. 
1913 


250 
256 


1912.. 


227 


Ohio: 

1914, prelimijiarv . 
1913 .". . 


228 
239 


1912 


217 


Utah: 

1914, preliminary. 
1913 


258 
238 


1912 


168 


Other States: = 

1914, preliminary. 
1913 


247 
243 


1912 


245 






United States: 

1914, preliminary . 
1913 


486,000 
580,006 
555, 300 


5,147,000 
5, 659, 403 


10.6 
9.76 


27,950,000 
32.230,000 
30,521,000 


.5.43 
5. 69 
5.84 


604, 000 
7.33, 401 
692, 550 


12.9 
12. 96 
13.20 


258 
259 


1912 


5,224,377 1 9. 4i 


265 











1 1 ton=2,000 pounds. 

2 Include Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Miiuiesota, Montana, Nevada, >Vijconsin, and Nebraska. 



PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE OF LOUISIANA SUGAR CANE, 1914. 

By Frank Andrews, Chief, Divi-tion of Crop Records. 

Returns from sugar factories in Louisiana indicate that during the 1914 
campaign about 3,600,000 short tons of cane are expected to be used 
for sugar. This does not include cane used for sirup nor that reserved 
for planting. This estimate is based upon expectations at the open- 
ing of the campaign, about November 1, and is, of course, subject to 
modiilcation when final reports are available from factory records 
after the season is over. Final returns for 1913 showed that 4,214,000 
tons of cane were crushed for sugar. The preliminary estimate for 
1913, based upon expectations at the beginning of the sugar-making 
season, was about 5,000,000 tons, or 800,000 in excess of the final 
estimate. 



6 FAEMEES' BULLETIX 041. 

Table G. — PreJiminari/ esiim-ate of the cane used and lo be used for sugar in Loum-ana in 
1914, and Jimd returns for cane used and sugar vmde in 1911-1918. 

[1 short ton=2,000 pounds.] 



Year. 



191-i, preliminary 

19i3 

1D12 

1911 



Can* used 
for sugar. 



Short tons. 
3,t)00,000 
4,214,000 
2,162,574 
5, 887, 292 



Average 
sugar made 
per ton of 

cane. 



139 
142 
120 



Sugar 
made.' 



Short Ions. 



292, 6as 
153,573 
352,874 



1 Expressed in long tons (2,240 poimds),tbe sugar crops of 1913, 1912, and 1911 wer* respectively 261,33s, 
137,119, and 315,066. 

HOPS CONSUMPTION. 

The total hop movement of the United vStates for the past 9 ycais 
is shown in Table 7. The figures on the quantity consumed by 
brewers have been compiled from the records of the Treasury De- 
partment. 

Table 7. — Hop consumption and movement. 1906-1914- 



Year ending June 
30— 



1914 
1913 
1912 
Wll 
1910 
1909 
1908 
1907 
1906 



Exports. 



Consumed j- 
bv brewers. 



43,987,623 
44,237,735 
42,436,665 
45,068,811 
43. 293, 764 
40,813,804 
42,988,257 
44,294,839 
41,620,172 



Domestic. 



Pounds. 
24,262,898 

17,591,195 
12, 190, 663 
13, 104, 774 
10.589,25-! 
10,446,884 
22,920,480 
16,809,534 
13,026,904 



Foreign. 



Pvunds. 
30, 224 

35,859 
35, 869 
17,971 
14,590 
26. 197 
94,631 
8,714 
32. 454 



Total of 
brewers' 
consump- 
tion and 
exports. 



Imports. 



Pounds. 
68,280,743 

61,864,789 
54,663,197 
58,191,559 
53, 897, 608 
51,286,885 
66,003,368 
61,113.087 
54,679,530 



Pounds. 
5,382,025 
8,494,144 
2,991,125 
8, .557, 5.31 
3,200,560 
7,. 186, 574 
8, 493, 265 
6,211,893 

10,113,089 



Net dome.stif 
inovem'^n ! . 



Pounds. 
62,952,718 
53,370,645 
51,672,072 
49,634,028 
50, 697, 048 
43,900,311 
57,510,103 
51,901,194 
44,565,541 



FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table 8. — Crop conditions m Florida and CaJiforrtia. 





Florida. 


California. 


Crop. 


Nov. 1 — 


Oct. 1, 
1914. 


Nov. 1— 


Oct.l, 




1914 


1913 


1912 


■ 1914 


1C13 


1912 


1914. 


Oranges, condition 


82 


88 


100 


83 


92: 
t5 


80 
65 


90 
92 


90 


Lemons, condition 


89 


Limes, condition 


85 

. 89 

TO 


90 
SO 
35 


K5 
95 
43 


87 
87 




Grajiefrait, condition 










Pears, production ^ 


87 
88 
■85 

78 


72 
76 
50 

77 


88 
72 
81 
86 






88 


Almonds, production ' 










■Walnuts, production ' 












Velvet boans, condition 


87 


87 


. — 


88 




Grapes: 

For raisins — 

Yield per acre pounds. 


5,300 
91 

93 


4,000 
79 

88 
84 


5,000 
S8 
90 
89 




Production i 












Quality 


: : 






For table, condition 






%i 




\ 





Compared with a full crop. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 7 

TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United vStates for the 
principal crops decreased about 7.1 per cent during October; in the 
past 6 years the price level has decreased during October 4.3 per 
cent. Exclusive of cotton the decline during October was 6.1 per 
cent, compared with the average of 4.3 per cent in October of the 
past six years. The greater decline this year than usual is due (1) to 
steady improvement in prospective yields during October, and (2) 
to the leveling downward resulting from a transition from a year of 
smail production and high prices to a year of large production and 
lower prices, notably in case of corn and potatoes. 

On November 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 5.4 per 
cent lower than a year ago, 7.1 per cent higher than 2 years ago, and 
0.2 per cent higher than the average of the past 6 years on November 1 . 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals decreased 5.8 per cent during the month from September 15 
to October 15. This compares with an average decline from Septem- 
ber 15 to October 15 m the past 4 years of 1.2 per cent. 

On October 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — 
hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $7.14 per 100 pounds, which 
compares with $7.12 a year ago, $6.86 2 years ago, $5.58 3 years 
ago, and $6.80 4 years ago on October 15, 

A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 28-34. 



THE WORLD'S WHEAT. 

By Charles M. Daugherty, Staiistmd Scientist. 

As a result of the war in Europe, a world-wide tendency exists to 
increase the acreage of wheat for the 1915 harvest. If prevaihng 
sentiment should be realized, doubtless the mf)st extensive area in 
the history of the world will be seeded duruig the present autumn 
and coming spring. The tendency is universal. A prospective heavy 
demand for this important food grain by the importing countries of 
western Europe is likely, if seeding conditions favor, to give extra- 
ordinary stimulus to sowings of both winter and spiing varieties iu 
the two great exportuig countries of North America, and to those 
sowmgs now bemg finished under auspicious circumstances m British 
India. In the southern hemisphere seeding was completed before the 
war began, and the effect of present economic conditions upon ex- 
tension of areas there will be manifest only in the spring and summer 
of 1915. It is pertinent to note, however, that the extent of land 
now under wheat in Argentina for the approaching midwmter harvest 
is, owing to a wet seedtime, 761,000 acres less than that of last year 
and that the growmg Australian crop has been so reduced by drought 
that there will be little or none for export. The promise of Aigen- 



8 FAKMEBS BULLETIN 641. 

tina, iK^twithstundbig the rechicod jicreagc, is ior a total yield 
much ill excess of that of last year. 

In Europe, where ordmarily over half the world "s wheat is produced, 
the hidicatious are that all available labt>r resources^ in both neutral 
and eontendmg nations, will be utilized to the utmost for getting in 
fidl or increased areas. A wide extension of sowings in some countries 
is assm'ed. In Italy, whose wheat acreage is ordinarily second in 
extent to that of no State m Europe, excepting Russia, 1,000,000 
acres, it is said, will be added to the crop. In the c( ntending countries 
reports mdicate that, notwithstanding the dearth of customary farm 
labor caused by the war, extraordinary efforts are being exerted in 
autumn seedhig. The services of women and cliildren, men exempt 
from military service, refugees, prisoners of war, and soldiers tem- 
porarily relieved from the ranks are being utilized in. the fields as 
occasions permit and require. Bec.iuse of strfdned labor conditions 
and of the occupation of certain territory duiuig seedtime by con- 
tenduig troops, some local contractions of area seem inevitable in 
some of the countries actually engaged in war. The reduction, how- 
ever, is likely to be compensated by increased sowhigs in neutral 
nations; and in Europe, as a whole, no extensive duninution of the 
wheat acreage seems imminent. Tlie slight decline, as ofhcially re- 
tiu-ned, in the area sowii to winter wheat in Russia this fall was due 
chiefly to adverse weather and is of little significance, since by far the 
larger proportion of the Russian wheat lands is invariably devoted to 
the culture of sprmg wheat. 

In western Europe, particularly in England and Frraice, the 
autumn sowings of wheat are, from various causes, now somewhat 
in arrears, but as a large part of these countries is favored with a 
mild climate, making sowuig operations possible at times during the 
entii'e winter, little anxiety is expressed over the present delay. 
Reports from Germany and other countries of central Europe indicate 
that seedhig operations have been carried on with activity, the chief 
obstacle contended with having been the disturbed state of labor 
brought about by war. 

Additional reports received during the past month concerning the 
1914 world harvest show that the shortages in some countries, as 
compared with the previous year, were lai-ger than shown in earlier 
a^timates. Though no detailed official figures have bee:i pubHshed, 
the crop of France is stated on authority of the French Department of 
Agriculture to be between 290,000,000 and 300,000,000 bushels, an 
estimate commonly construed as indicating a probable yield of about 
295,000,000 bushels. The Itahan crop, according to the final official 
fig-ures, amounts to 169,000,000 bushels, 3,000,000 bushels less than 
the prelinoinary estimate. Prussia reports a yield 17,000,000 bushels 
below that of last year, and Roumania returns less than haK a crop. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, 



A second official estimate on the Canadian crop puts the yield at 
158,223,000 bushels, as compared with a previous one of 159,660,000 
bushels. Deficient yields, as compared with those of 1913, are also 
reported from the less importiint producei-s, Belgium, Denmark, arid 
Switzerland. 

The aggregate shortage of wheat this year, as compared with last, 
in all countries from which returns have been received up to date, 
is over 386,000,000 bushels, that in Europe alone amounting to 
323,000,000. The complete total from aU countries, however, is not 
yet available. 

Below is a statement of yields in all countries from which returns 
for 1914 have been received. The figures are in all cases official, 
but final only in a few instances. Those for Russia, however, are esti- 
mates based upon the appearance of the fields in early July a7id are 
subject to be changed when the final returns are issued in November. 

Table 9. — WJieat crop of undermentioned countries, 1912-1914. 



Country. 



EUROPEAN COUKTRIES. 

(ireat Britain 

France 

Italy 

Spain 

Switzerland 

Beleium 

Netherlands 

Denmark 

Prussia 

Hungary 

Bulgaria 

Roumania 

Russia (73 governments) 

Total 

NONEUROPEAN COUNTRIES. 

United States 

Canada 

Argentina 

British India 

Japan 

Australia 

Total 

Grand total 



Bushels. 

63, 005, TOO 

295, 000, 000 

169, 442, 000 

120,313,000 

3. 4S0, 000 

13; 973, 000 

5,413,000 

4,877,000 

91,000,000 

125,000,000 

46, 000, 000 

45,000,000 

781, 00 J, 000 



1,763,503,000 



891,950 0(XI 
158, 223, 000 
113,904,000 
313,040,000 
23,842,000 
107,052,000 



1,608,011,000 



3,371,514,000 



Bushels. 

57,146,000 

,321,571,000 

214,405,000 

112,401,000 

3,546,000 

14,769,000 

5,081,000 

6,691,000 

108, 123, 000 

151,348,000 

40, 000, 000 

89,000,000 

962, 587, 000 



2,086,668,000 



763,380,000 
231,717,000 
198,414,000 
356,864,000 
25,927,000 
94,880,000 



1,671,182,000 
3, 757, 850, 000 



Bushels.- 

57, 598, 000 

336,284,000 

ia5,720,000 

109,783,000 

3,178,000 

15,348,000 

5,604,000 

5,045,000 

100,991,000 

173,328,000 

44,756,000 

94,000,000 

720,042,000 



1,831,677,000 



730,267,000 
224,159,000 
166, 190, 000 
370,515,000 
26,514,000 
73,894,000 

1,591,539,000 

3,423,216,000 



« 1913-14 crop. 

THE COTTON CROP SURPLUS. 

By Fraxk Andrews,, Chief, Division of Crop lierords. 

The prices of cotton since early in August have been extremely low. 
A large surplus of the current crop, which in normal years would have 
been exported, is held in the United States awaiting sale. The aver- 
age price to producers on November 1, 1914, was 6.3 cents per pound; 
on the same date in 1913 the average price was 13 cents; in 1912, 10.9; 
in 1911,8.9; and in 1910, H cents per pound. On October 1, 1914, 
producers were paid an average of 7.S cents; one month earlier, on 
1)9415=' Bull. 641—14 2 



10 FAKMEKS' BULLETIK Qil. 

September 1, the average was 8.7 cents. These figures, as well as 
quotations of New Orleans prices, are shown in Table K). 

With the exception of 1911, the cotton crop of 1914 is the largest 
on record. The 1914 crop, from conditions on September 25, is 
expected to be about 15,360,000 bales of 500 pounds gross weight. 
This estimate does not include linters, the production of which has 
averaged about 600,000 bales for the past three years. The amount 
of this season's crop which had been gmned prior to November 1, 1914, 
according to the Census report, was 9,828,695 running bales, or less 
than two-thirds of the total crop, as estimated by the Bureau of 
Crop Estimates of the Department of Agriculture. For the past four 
years from 63.2 to 65.8 per cent of the total crop has been ginned 
from the beginning of the picking season up to November 1 . 

COMMERCIAL MOVEMENT. 

While the quantity of cotton ginned up to November 1, 1914, was 
larger than for that period in any previous year for which record 
exists, except m 1911, the quantity marketed this year is unusually 
lov.'. From commercial sources, quoted in the reports of the New 
York Cotton Exchange, the quantity received at seaports and shipped 
to 'mills and overland to Canada, plus the net receipts at interior 
towns — in other words, the total quantity entering into the commer- 
cial movement from August 1 to October 16, 1914 — was 1,483,000 
bales. Subtracting this marketed quantity from the total amount 
ginned to October 18, the excess is found to be 6,139,000 bales, or 81 
per cent of the total cotton ginned to that date. For the past three 
years the amount ginned but not marketed up to about October 16 
or 18 has been from 3,500,000 to 4,000,000 running bales and has 
been slightly over 50 per cent of the total amount ginned. It ap- 
pears, therefore, that the surplus yet to find a market at the time of 
mid-October was from 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 bales above the usual 
amount. 

Of the 1,483,000 bales which had entered into the commercial 
movement from August 1 to October 16, 1914, more than half con- 
sisted in receipts at seaports . The quantity shipped to mills amounted 
to only 262,000 bales, compared with 588,000 in 1913, 506,000 in 1912, 
and 550,000 in 1911. The opposite tendency is shown in the net re- 
ceipts at interior towns. Those receipts are computed by subtracting 
the stocks on hand August 1 from the stocks October 16. The excess 
thus computed for this period in 1914 amounted to 403,000 bales, as 
compared with 250,000 bales in 1913, 275,000 in 1912, and 349,000 
in 1911. 

Exports from August 1 to October 31, 1914, were about 564,000 
running bales; in the same three-month period for the past four 
years the exports were from 2,250,000 to 2,750,000 running bales. 
Details as to the exports, quantities ginned, and prices for the first 
part of each season, beginning with 1910, are shown in Table 10. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, 



11 



T.^BLE 10. — Cotton e.ipo)ts and prices for three moi}th.^. and qnanfilies ginned up to 

October 18, 1910-1914. 



Year. 


Exports 
from the 
United 
States, 

Au.eust to 
October, 

inclusive. 


Quantity 

ginned 
for the sea- 
son up to 
Nov. 1. 


Average price paid to pro- 
ducers in the United 

States, 


Prieei per pound at New Or- 
leans for middling cotton on 
the first business day of — 




Sept. 1, 


Oct. 1. 


Nov. 1, 


Septem- 
ber. 


October. 


Novem- 
ber. 


1910 


Running 

bales. 
2,251,525 
2, 673, 700 
2,447,893 
2,705,391 

5()4,000 


Running 

bales. 
7, 345, 953 
9,970,905 
8,869,222 
8,830,390 
9,828,695 


Cents. 
14.4 
11.8 
11.3 
11.8 
8.7 


Cents. 
13.3 
10.2 
11.2 
13.3 
7.8 


Cents. 
14.0 


Cents. 
144 


Cents. 

lOA 
111 
14 
8A 


Cents. 
14i 


1911 


8. 9 Hi 
10. 9 llA 
13, 12t^ 

6. 3 (2) 


91 


1912 


lli^ 


1913 


i3| 


1914 


7^ 













1 Closing cash price, 

2 No quotations available for New Orleans or any other important market, except Augusta, Oa., where 
7§ cents was quoted for middling upland new cotton. 

DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION. 

The changes in the domestic consumption of cotton in the United 
States — that is, the quantity used in United States milLs — for the past 
43 years is shown in Table 11. During 1881-1885 an annual average 
of about 1,900,000 bales (500 pounds gross) were retamed out of our 
crops for spinning in this country, and in 1906-1910 the amomit re- 
tained averaged nearly 4,200,000 bales a year. In addition to this 
domestic cotton there were imported for use of miUs in this country 
about 7,000 bales a year during 1881-1885 and 187,000 a year during 
1906-1910. From the crop of 1913 over 5,500,000 bales were kept for 
mills in this country, and nearly 266,000 bales were imported. The 
imported cotton is chiefly Egyptian and other varieties, which are not 
as yet supplied in sufficient quantities by producers in the United 
States. The years mentioned above, in connection with exports and 
imports, refer to 12-month periods begmning September 1 of the 
years mentioned. 



Table 11. 



-Production, e.i:ports, and consumption of cotton for the United States, 
1881-1913. 



In bales of 500 pounds, gross weight. Figines for exports and imports refer to years beginning Sejit, 1, 



Year. 


Crop, 

including 

linters. 


Exports of domestic 
cotton. 


Domestic cotton re- 
tained for home 
consumption. 


Net im- 
ports of 
foreign 
cotton. 


Total con- 
sumption 
in United 
States. 




Amount. 


Per cent 
of crop. 


Amount. 


Per cent 
of crop. 


Averaicc per year: 
1881-1885 . . 


Bales. 
5,865,845 
7,231,521 

8, 040, 225 
10,152,934 
11,006,613 
12,175,867 
16,250,276 
14.313,015 
14.795,367 


Bales. 
3,926,408 
4,860,026 
5,482,445 
6,940,768 
7,254,980 
8,002,460 
11,081,218 
9,199,093 
9,255,924 


Per cent. 
66.9 
67.3 
68,2 
68.4 
65,9 
65.7 
68.2 
64.3 
62.6 


Bales. 
1,939,437 
2,365,495 

2,557,780 
3,212,2.56 
3,751,627 
4,173,407 
5,169,0'8 
5,113,922 
5,. ^39, 443 


Per cent. 
33.1 
32.7 
31.8 
31.6 
34.1 
34.3 
31.8 
35.7 
37.4 


Bales. 

6, 928 

19, 747 

84,187 

115,025 

140, 627 

186.577 

230, 820 

225, 460 

265,651 


Bales. 
1,946,365 


1880-1890 


2,385,242 


1891~1.S95 


'',011,967 


1896-1900 

1901-1905 


3.327,281 
3,892,254 


1906-1910. . . 


4,3.39,984 


1911 


5,408,878 


1912.. 


5,339,382 


1913 


5,805,094 







12 



PABMEES BULLETIN 041. 



FOREIGN MARKETS. 

The principal foreign countries to which cotton is exported from 
the Uaited States, under normal conditions, are the United Kingdom, 
Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, Belgium, Canada, Austria- 
Hungary, and Russia. The exports to the European countries 
which are now at war, during the 4 years from July 1, 1910, to June 30, 
1914, averaged nearly 8,000,000 bales per year, or 84 per cent of the 
total exports from the United States. Exports in detail for these 
years are shown in Table 12, wdiich was compiled from reports of the 
Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the Department of 
Commerce. Of the 564,000 running bales exported from August 1 to 
October 31, 1914, 269,000 bales were consigned to the United King- 
dom, 15,000 to France, 198,000 to other countries on the Continent of 
Europe other than France, 70,000 to Japan, and the rest to Mexico. 

Table 12. — Quant ih/ of cotton exported fiuin the I' nit ed States. 
' [In bales of 500 pounds, p-o.ss weigh!.] 







Yeai 


ending June 30— 




Country to whicli consigned. 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1914 


Average, 
1911-1914. 




Bales. 

3,461,053 

1,021,998 

2, 202, 707 

79, 530 

150, 225 

84,941 


Bales. 

4,343,108 

1,228,294 

3,156,171 

125, 564 

211, 903 

111,756 


Bales. 

3,716,898 

1,074,987 

•J. 443, 886 

113, 182 

226, 967 

74,908 


Bales. 

3,581,501 

1,139,30'J 

2,884,324 

106, 511 

227, 473 

99, 076 


Bales. 

3,775,640 

1,116,169 






2,671,772 




106, 197 


Belgiiun 


204, 142 




92, 670 






Total . 


7,000,454 


9, 176, 796 


7,650,828 


8,038,284 


7,966,590 






156, 724 
910, 704 


480,934 
1,412,521 


396, 779 
1,076,984 


353,440 
1, 130, 157 


346,969 


other countries 


1,132,592 






Grand total 


8, 067, 882 


11,070,251 


9,124,591 


9,521,881 


9, 446, 151 







COST OF PRODUCING COTTON. 

By Nat C. Murray, A.isistant Chief of Bureau. 

Tiie Bureau of Croj) Estimates has received many inquiries recently 
for data concerning the cost of producing cotton, due, no doubt, to 
tlie gi'eat decline in the price, the average to producers on November 1 
being 6.3 cents per pound, as compared with 12.1, the average of the 
past live years on November 1. 

Yearly reports of the cost of producing crops, are not made by the 
Bureau of Crop Estimates. In 1899 the bureau (then the Bureau of 
Statistics) published a bulletin which gave the results of a thorough 
investigation into the cost of producing cotton in 1896. 

In 1910 crop I'cporters estimated the cost of producing various crops 
on the basis of conditions prevailing in 1909 and 1910. Results were 
published in the 1911 issues of the Crop Reporter for com, wheat, 
oats, barley, and potatoes. l)ut not for cotton. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK, 13 

Tlie results of the investigation for 1896, conducted by James L. 
Watkins, showed that the average total cost of cultivation per acre 
on 3,335 upland plantations was ^15.42 and the average total return 
$19.03, the average net profit being $3.61 per acre. The average 
yield was 255.6 pounds of lint and 16 bushels of seed per acre, and 
the average price of lint 6.7 cents per pound and of seed 11.9 cents 
per bushel. The average cost of picking i)er 100 pounds (of seed 
cotton) was 44 cents and the average cost of producing lint cottoji in 
all wStates and Territories was 5.27 cents per pound. 

The average total cost of cultivation on 111 sea-island plantations 
reporting was $21.95 and the average total return $28.05. The 
average ^deld was 168.2 pounds of lint and 10.3 bushels of seed per 
acre, and the average price of lint 15.57 cents per pound and of seed 
23.9 cents per bushel. The average cost of picking per 100 pounds 
was $1.03 and the average cost of producing lint cotton (sea-island) 
was 11.59 cents. 

The results of the investigation for 1910, based upon estimates of 
862 crop reporters, indicated that the average total cost })cr acre 
was approximately $20.35, and the production of lint 247 poimds, 
making an average cost of about 8.24 cents. 

These two investigations, although not made in precisely the same 
manner, are sufficiently comparable to indicate a material increase 
in the money cost of producing cotton between the two periods, the 
increase averaging over 3 per cent a year. 

The cost per acre to different growers varies widely, the average 
given including some reporting the cost below $12 an acre, and others 
reporting the cost above $35 per acre. However, the cost per acre 
to each individual varies only moderately from year to year, there 
being a more or less gradual increase in the past 20 years. On the 
other hand, the cost per pound to an individual grower varies widely 
from year to year, according as to whether his yield happens to turn 
out large or small. 

In the investigation made in 1910 the cost as reported in the 
Eastern States averaged 8.19 cents per pound, and in the Western 
States 8.39 cents. The higher cost in the West was due, no doubt, 
to lower yield on account of boll weevil in Texas. 

The schedule of inquiry contained the following mstructions: "The 
cost of labor and teams, whether owned or hired, should be estimated 
upon the basis of prevailmg rate of wages paid, v»'hether the actual 
work is done by owner or hired labor. Under cost of preparing 
ground for seed, include cost of applymg manure, if any. Under 
cost of cultivation, mclude all costs from the time the crop has been 
planted until it is ready to gather. Include in cost of preparing for 
market [ginnhigl all costs from tune crop has been gathered from 
fields until it is ready for market. Let estimates be for your own or 
any typical farm m your vicinit;y. " 



14 



FAEMERS BULLETIN Ul. 



The yields reported by the correspondents are somewhat higher 
than the averages for the whole country, which is probably because 
the correspondents who reported were above the average of farmers. 

The distribution of the cost per acre among the items making u]) 
the total cost is shown in Table 13. 

Table 13. — Estimated cost per acre of producing cotton in 1909 and 1910. 



Item. 



Commercialfertilizer 

Preparation 

Seed 

Planting 

Cultivation 

Gathering 

Ginning 

Rent 

Miscellaneous 



Total. 



Yield of lint lbs.. 

Value Imt, cents per 

pound 

Total, per acre 

Acres percottonfield 
Average value land 

per acre 



United 
States. 



S2.46 
2.17 
.51 
.50 
4.19 
4.67 
1.61 
3.56 



20.35 



245 

12.9 

$31.86 
30 

S29.42 



North 

Caro- 
lina. 



$4.96 

2.91 

.59 

.53 

4.56 

4.92 

1.83 

4.50 

.67 



25.47 
310 



13.1 

S40. 61 



$30.60 



Soutti 
Caro- 
lina. 



.S6.48 

2.41 

.65 

.47 

4.57 

4.81 

1.90 

3.71 

.81 



25.81 



320 



13.1 
$41.92 



Geor- 



S4.05 
2.40 

.58 
.52 
4.41 
4.82 
1.71 
3.59 
.82 



22.90 



270 

13.3 

.$35. 91 

22 



$30.00 $26.70 



Alar 
bama. 



$3.30 

2.54 

.46 

.52 

4.19 

1.77 

2.89 

.75 



21.00 



265 

13.1 

$34.71 
13 

$20.00 



Louisi- 
ana. 



$1.60 

2.10 

.65 

.56 

4.69 

4.67 

2.00 

3.08 

.87 



20.22 



13.0 

$32.50 

24 

$25.50 



Texas. 



$0.41 

1.82 

.41 

.47 

3.68 

4.15 

1.30 

3.61 

.56 



16.41 



12.7 

$24.20 
46 

$35.30 



Arkan- 
sas. 



$1.15 

2.27 

.50 

.52 

4.93 

5.64 

1.76 

3.87 

.69 



21.33 



260 

12.5 

$32. .50 
21 

$24.50 



Ten- 
nessee. 



$1.23 

2.13 

.53 

.58 

4.59 

4.90 

1.50 

3.89 

.46 



19.81 



242 

13.5 

$32. 67 
13 

$30.80 



Oklar 
homa. 



$0.04 

1.38 

.43 

.41 

3.09 

5.60 

1.50 

2.96 

.62 



16.03 



190 

12.5 

$23.75 
27 

$30.00 



Note. — The yield and value was given in lerms of lint by 40 per cent of the reporlers and in terms of seed 
by 54 per cent . The value of by-products was asked on the schedules, but figures were given by only 75 per 
cent of those estimating in terms of lint, and by 22 per cent of those reporting in terms of seed cotton. The 
average value of by-products for those reporting was about $4.75, being $5.50 in the Eastern States and 
$3.80 in the Western States. The production of seed cotton by those so reporting was 725 pounds p&c acre 
and the value 4.2 cents per pound. 

On the basis of reported yields produced and the cost per acre, as 
given in Table 13, the calculated cost per pound would be as given 
in Table 14. 

Table 14. — Estimated cost ^ per pound of producing cfdton in 1909 and 1910. 



i \ 

ri^uori North 
Item. UnUf ^ 


South 
Caro- 
lina. 


Geor- 
gia. 


Ala- 
bama. 


Louisi- 
ana. 


Texas. 


^Vrkan- 

sas. 


Ten- 
nessee. 


Okla- 
homa. 


Fertilizer 

Preparation. 


Cents. 

1.00 

.89 


Cents. 

1.60 
.94 
.19 
.17 

L47 

1.59 
.59 

1.45 
.22 


Cents. 

2.02 
.75 
.20 
.15 

1.43 

1.50 
.59 

1.16 
.27 


Cents. 

1.50 
.89 
.21 
.19 

1.63 

1.79 
.63 

1.33 
.31 


CenU. 

1.25 

96 

.17 

.20 

L73 

1.58 

.67 

1.09 

.27 


Cents. 

0.64 

84 

.26 

.22 

1.88 

1.87 

.m 

1.23 
.25 


Cents. 

0.21 
.95 
.21 
.25 

1.93 

2.17 
.68 

1.89 
.30 


Cent^. 
0.44 

.87 

.19 

.20 

1.90 

2.17 

.08 

1.49 

.27 


Cents. 

0.51 
.88 
.22 
.24 

1.90 

2.02 
.62 

1.61 
.19 


Cenis. 

0.02 

.73 


Seed 


.21 

.20 
1.71 
1.90 

.66 
1. .15 

.28 


.23 


Planting 


.22 




1.63 


Gathering 

Oiiiririf' 


2.95 
.79 


Rent 

Miscellaneous 


1.56 
.31 


Total 


8.30 


8.22 


8.07 


8.48 


7.92 


8.09 


8.59 


8.20 


8.19 


8.44 



■ No allowance made for value of by-products. See note to Table 13. 

THE COOPERATIVE MARKETING OF COTTON. 

Contributed by Ofp.ce of Markets and Rural Organization. 

There are probably more bales of cotton now held in the ownership 
of the producers than at any other time in the history of the industry, 
and it is also probable that this total will be very largely increased 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 15 

before there will be any material iin})rovemeiit in the demand. The 
market, though much improved, seems still to be rather indifferent 
to cotton at the low ])rice that is ruling. Under present conditions 
the movement shoidd continue slow. Every })lanter who can do so 
is endeavoring to hold his cotton for a better market. This situation 
fui'nishes an opportunity for producers to cooperate in the marketing 
of their crops with exceptional promise of success, because, in the 
first ])lace, they have, perforce, plenty of time in which to get together. 
In the second place, they hold an unusual amount of cotton from 
which they can m any given locality make up even-running commer- 
cial lots, ready for direct shipment to the miUs or for export, or for 
sale direct to buyers. 

A buyer receiving an order from a mill for a particular gi-ade of 
cotton can usually accumulate the shipment from his miscellaneous 
receipts. This season, however, because of the limited demand, 
buyers are not taking everything offered as m ordinary 3^ears because 
of their inability to pass it on promptly. Therefore, when a buyer 
receives a mill order for a special lot of cotton, he will be glad to find 
it already classed out where it can be bought and shipped straight 
through to the mills, thus relieving him of the necessity of purchasing 
any cotton which he does not want, or examining a large number of 
bales for the purpose of selecting those which are suitable for hi.s 
order. 

It follows that however low the price may be, there will be a 
greater proportionate advantage this season than in ordinary years 
in classing out the cotton before offering it for sale. Farmers can 
secure competent grading service more easily than for many years 
past, as many cotton firms have reduced their forces, and man}' 
competent cotton men are open to engagement. No doubt compe- 
tent men who are regularly engaged can take the necessary time to 
class out the cotton of any group of farmers which may desire such 
service. 

It is not to be expected that farmers will be able, by combining 
their shipments, to deal directly with mills not located in their 
locahties. The mills will be especially careful this season to deal only 
with thoroughly reliable cotton fu-ms from which they can secure 
immediate settlement of claims. 

If the cotton of a group of farmers can be stored in a single 
warehouse, the problem of marketing will bo greatly simplified, for 
the material will be ahead}'' assembled for shipment when a sale is 
made. If warehouse space is not available, the cotton should, if 
possible, be put under shelter of some kind on the individual farms 
and kept clean so that there will be some uniformity of condition 
prevailing throughout the lot. If some bales have become stained 
or soiled while others have been kept dry and in good order, the lot 



16 farmers' bulletin 641. 

will not be satisfactoiy, even though a,ll bales may be of the same 
grade. If samples are fairly drawn and carefully preserved, there 
is no reason why every |)rospective buyer should draw a fresh sample. 

The more effective the organization the easier it will be to negotiate 
sales, and it is suggested that special organizations can be formed for 
this purpose. Membership should be open to all producers of cotton 
who are known to be solvent and trustworthy. Responsibility for 
sales should be definitely placed in the hands of a committee with 
power to act under any given conditions or to sell whenever a given 
price can be had. Arrangements should be made for tlie deposit of 
the purchase price in some local bank for distribution to the various 
owners of the cotton as their interests may be certified by this com- 
mittee. The committee should have in its custod}^ samples of all 
the cotton held by the membership, with the class or grade of each 
sample ascertained and records so kept that all the bales of any one 
grade can be identified and ordered to a common sliipping point on 
the shortest possible notice. 

The Office of Markets and Rural Organization of the department 
will endeavor to give further direct advice to any organization which 
shows evidence of having taken such definite preliminary steps as are 
liere indicated. 

The few associations which have been organized on these general 
lines within the past few years have achieved a measure of success, 
which warrants the belief that if the present emergency results in 
brmging the farmers together in effective local selling organizations 
tlie benefits will, in a few years, compensate the growers for the losses 
which tliis year seem unavoidable on account of the European war. 



RELATIVE PRODUCTION OF APPLE VARIETIES. 

By Frank Andrews, ('hief, Division of Crop Rccordn. 

The relative importance of the principal A'arieties of apples in the 
United States is learned from replies made to a recent inquiry of the 
Bureau of Crop Estimates. Correspondents were asked what per- 
centage of a normal crop of apples represented the production of each 
prmcipal variety. Replies were made by 2,622 correspondents and 
were tabulate<l by counties. Returns for each county were 
"weighted" in proportion to the number of bearing trees as given 
by the census for 1910 in order to compute State averages. The 
United States averages were computed b}^ weighting the State aver- 
ages in proportion to the estimated production of apples in each State 
for the five years endmg v.ath 1913. 

Percentages for the United States as a whole anil 12 leading 
apple-producing States are shown below in Table 15. It will be noted 
that the 4 pi-incipal apples in the United States are the Baldwin, 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



17 



Ben Davis, Northern Spy, and the Winesap. A large percentage 
(10.4) is given for "Other varieties/' but these include more than 
100 different varieties, no one of which is reported to have so large 
a crop as any of the varieties separately listed in this table. 

Table lb. — Rcladte production of principal varieties of apples, expressed as percentages 
of a normal crop of all apples. 



\':iri<"tv. 



Arkansas (Mammoth 
Black Twig) 

Arkansas Black 

Baldwin 

Ben Davis 

Early Harvest 
(Prince's Harvest). 



Fall Pippin 

Fameuse (Snow) . . . 

(iano 

(Jolden Russet 

(iravenstein 



Grimes (Grimes;' 
Golden) 

Horse (Yellow Horse) 

Jonathan 

Limb ertwig (Red 
Limbertwig) 

Mcintosh (Mcintosh 
Red) 



Maiden Blush 

Missouri (Missouri 

Pippin) 

Northern Spy 

Northwestern Green- 



Oldenburg ( Dutchesb 
of Oldenburg) 



Red Astrachan 

Red June (Carolina 
Red June) 

Rhode Island Green- 
ing (Greening) 

Rome Beauty 

Stay man Wiiiesap. . . 

Tolman (Talman 
Sweet) 

Tompkins King 
( King of Tomp- 
kins Co.) 

Wealthy 

While i? ear m ai n 
(White Winter 
Peannain) 

AVinesap 



Wolf River 

Yellow BeUflower. . . 

Yellow Newton (Al- 
bemarle; Newton 
Pippin) 

Yellow Transparent. 

York Imperial 
(Jo hnso n Fine 
Winter) 

Other varieties 



Total 

Number of reports . 



P.ct. 

0.7 

.9 

13.4 

13.3 

2.8 

1.7 
1.3 
1.6 
1.1 
1.1 



2.2 

.9 

3.6 

1.6 

.9 

2.0 

.8 
6.1 

.9 

1.9 

1.9 

1.6 

4.7 
3.1 
1.5 

1.0 

1.4 



.5 
5.1 



.0 
1.4 



1.6 
1.5 



2.1 
10.4 



100. 



P.ct. 

0.2 



34.5 

9.S 



3.5 

.3 

1.7 

2.3 



.0 

3.7 

.3 

.0 
7.1 

.3 

2.9 

3.9 



4.1 
.1 
.6 



2.4 
5.4 



1.4 
1.7 



100.0 



55 



P.ct. 



31.3 
5.0 



1.7 
2.4 



2.0 
.9 



.1 
'".'4 

.0 
1.6 
1.0 



.0 
13.1 

.9 

2.2 

2.1 



14. S 
.3 
.1 



4.1 

1.8 



.1 

8.9 



100.0 



p.ct. 

0.3 

.2 

17.8 
6.0 

3.1 

3.1 

.6 

.8 

2.5 

1.0 



2.6 
'i."4 



3.0 

.0 
11.4 

.4 
1.1 
3.5 

.3 

5.5 
2.1 
1.8 



1.5 

1.2 



.0 
1.8 



.3 
2.3 



P.ct. 
3.1 

.7 
2.8 
11.4 



1.8 
.1 



2.6 
1.0 
1.0 

2.5 

.1 

1.5 

_ 2 
'.S 

.0 

.1 

.8 

1.8 

.3 
1.2 

5.3 



20. 



7.0 
1.5 



7. 5 15. 1 

12. 8 10. 2 



100.0 1 100.0 



57 



P.ct. 
0.7 



5.8 
15.7 



1.5 

.0 

1.6 

1.6 

.1 



4.6 

.0 

1.7 

.8 

.1 

2.5 

.1 
4.2 



2.1 
L3 

1.4 

18.7 
1.9 



.5 
1.1 



1.8 

.6 
1.5 



.3 
3.2 



5.0 
13.4 



P.ct. 

0.1 

.1 

15.6 

13.9 

3.7 

1.8 
.6 

1.3 
.9 
.3 



5.0 

.0 

1.8 

.3 

.1 

4.5 

.1 



1.0 

2.7 

.2 

5.7 

10.8 

1.3 



.6 
1.2 



.1 

1.8 



1.3 



2.1 



1.3 

10.1 



100.0 100.0 



p.ct. 
0.0 



17.0 

8.5 



1.6 
3.0 

.3 
3.7 

.1 



1.2 

.0 

2.2 

.0 

.3 

2.6 

.1 
17.9 

1.9 

5.0 

2.8 

.0 

5.4 
_ 2 
A 



2.1 

3.7 



1.5 
1.2 



.3 
1.4 



.3 
11.0 



100.0 



P.ct. 
0.6 



2.7 
37.8 



1.1 
1.5 
3.8 



4.9 

.2 

9.3 



.4 

2.3 

1.2 
1.4 

.3 
1.7 

.8 

1.2 

.8 

3.8 

.5 



.1 
1.6 



.2 
5.6 



.8 
7.4 



100.0 

78 



P.ct. 
1.1 

1.5 

1.5 

34.2 

2.8 

.4 
.4 
6.5 
.3 
.1 



3.0 

.5 
10.4 



1.0 

.1 

2.8 



3.0 
1.1 



.8 

1.9 

.3 
1.7 

1.8 



.1 
1.3 



.3 

6.8 



.7 
1.0 



.1 
1.1 



1.1 

8.2 



100.0 



P.ct. 

2.3 

3.0 

.4 

44.1 

2.0 

.7 

.1 

6.6 

.1 



2.1 
1.5 
3.7 



1.4 
.5 



.6 

1.8 
1.7 



.1 

8.4 



.1 
8.2 



100.0 



p.ct. 

0.3 
2.3 

7.8 
7.4 

.S 

.8 
.3 
.8 
.3 
4.1 



1.6 

is." 8 



.3 

.3 

.5 
3.8 

1.0 

1. 1 

1.7 

1.3 

2.2 
12. 2 
2^7 



2.7 
1.5 



1.9 



2.9 
1.5 



.2 
12.5 



69415°— Bull. 641—14- 



18 



FARMERS BULLETIN 641. 



In important apple-producing States not included in Table 15, 
the principal varieties and their respective percentages of all apples 
in a normal crop are: 

Kentucky. — Ben Da^ds 16.8, Winesap 14.0, Rome Beauty 9.G, 
Early Harvest 6.4, Maiden Blush 4.5, Red June 4.3, Limbertwig 4.0. 

Indiana. — Ben Davis 22.8, Baldwin 7.2, Grimes' Golden 6.7, Wine- 
sap 6.7, Maiden Blush 5.8, Rome Beauty 4.4, Northern Spy 4.2. 

North Carolina. — Limbertwig 14.3, Winesap 12.2, Ben Davis 7.5, 
Early Harvest 7.2, Horse 7.2, Red June 5.9. 

Tennessee. — Winesap 14.1, Ben Davis 12.2, Limbertwig 12.1, Early 
Harvest 8.4, Horse 6.3, Red June 5.4. 

Iowa. — Ben Davis 15.2, Wealthy 12.4, Jonathan 10.3, Oldenburg 
8.9, Grimes' Golden 4.9, Northwestern Greening 4.3. 

Kansas. — Ben Davis 19.4, Winesap 15.3, Jonathan 13.8, Missouri 
Pippin 8.6, Gano 6.0, Maiden Blush 4.3. 

Oregon. — Baldwin 12.6, Newtown Pippin 11.3, Northern Spy 7.4, 
Gravenstein 7.3, Rome Beauty 5.6, Tompkins King 5.1, Ben Davis 
4.9, Jonathan 4.4. 

Colorado. — Ben Davis 26.3, Jonathan 18.3, Gano 7.8, Rome Beauty 
4.8, Winesap 4.1. 

Massachusetts. — Baldwin 48.4, Rhode Island Greening 9.3, Graven- 
stein 5.7, Mcintosh Red 5.7, Northern Spy 5.1. 

NehrasTca. — Ben Davis 21.3, Winesap 13.6, Jonathan 9.4, Wealthy 
6.2, Oldenburg 5.8, Grimes' Golden 4.8, Missouri Pippin 4.2, Gano 4.0. 

Wisconsin. — Oldenburg 14.7, Wealthy 13.7, Northwestern Greening 
11.1, Fameuse (Snow) 8.0, Wolf River 7.5, Ben Davis 5.1, Golden 
Russet 4.2. 

Maryland. — Ben Davis 17.0, York Imperial 16.2, Baldwin 8.8, 
Winesap 7.6, Stayman Winesap 7.0, Arkansas 4.4, Early Harvest 4.2. 

New Jersey. — Baldwin 25.2, Ben Davis 14.5. Rome Beauty 5.0, 
Early Harvest 4.7, Rhode Island Greening 4.3, Northern Spy 4.2. 

Vermont. — Baldmn 15.1, Rhode Island Greening 12.8, Northern 
Spy 12.0, Fameuse (Snow) 8.1, Mcintosh 6.1, Ben Davis 5.6, Yellow 
BeMower 4.2. 

Connecticut.—BsX&w'in. 42.2, Rhode Island Greening 16.9, Golden 
Russet 5.2. 

Nevj Hampshire. — Baldwin 51.9, Rhode Island Greening 5.9, Nortli- 
ern Spy 5.2, Mcintosh 4.4. 

Idaho. — Jonathan 21.3, Rome Beauty 16.6, Ben Davis 13.1, Gano 
7.8, Winesap 4.6. " • 

OMahoma. — Ben Davis 25.8, Missouri Pippin 12.1, Jonathan 8.2, 
Winesap 8.1, Arkansas Black 5.6, Gano 4.0. 

Georgia. — Horse 14.3, Ben Davis 12.2, Red Juno 10.0, l^imbertwig 
8.8, Winesap 7.6, Early Harvest 6.1, Arkansas Black 4.0. 



THE AGEICULTUBAL OUTLOOK. 



19 



For 27 of the principal varieties the estimated average number of 
bushels is shown in Table IG. The principal States of production 
are also shown where the crop in any one State amounts to at least 
500,000 bushels. 

Tile nomenclature has been adopted from Bulletin No. 151 of the 
Bureau of Plant Industry. 

Table 16. — Estimated approximate average anniuil prodxiction of leading varieties of 
apples, by principal States, 1909-191-3. 



Variety and State. 



Baldwin: 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

Michigan 

Maine 

Ohio 

Massachusetts 

Connecticut 

New Hampshire . . , 

New Jersey 

other States 

Total 

Ben Davis: 

Missouri 

Illinois 

Arkansas 

New York 

Indiana 

Ohio 

Kentucky 

Virginia 

West Virgmia 

Michif;an 

Pennsylvania 

Kansas 

Iowa 

Colorado 

Tennessee 

Nebraska 

Other Slates 

Total 

Northern Spy: 

New York 

Michitan 

Pennsylvania 

Ohio 

Other States 

Total 

Winssap: 

Vii'ginia 

Kentucky 

Missouri 

Tennessee 

North Carolina 

Kansas 

Othei' States 

Total 

Rhode Island Green- 
ing: 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

Michigan 



Thou- 
sand 
bushels. 



9,071 

2,351 

1,868 

1,545 

1,394 

1,360 

805 

780 

504 

3,905 



23,58:J 



3,849 

2,154 

\,50S 

1,449 

1,248 

1,242 

1, 18-') 

1,040 

955 

934 

793 

766 

761 

745 

623 

572 

3,675 



23,499 



3,797 
1,966 
1,506 
688 
2,754 



10, 711 



1,888 
988 
765 
720 
639 
605 

3,431 



9, 036 



727 
593 



Variety and State. 



Rhode Island Green- 
ing—Continued. 

Ohio 

Other States 

Total 

Jonathan: 

Missouri 

Vv'ashington 

Kan.sas 

lUtoois 

Colorado 

Iowa 

Other States 

Total 

Rome Beauty: 

West Virginia 

Ohio 

Kentucky 

Washington 

Other States 

Total 

Wealthy: 

Iowa 

New York , 

Other States , 

Total , 

York Imperial: 

Virginia 

Pennsylvania , 

Other States 

Total 

Oldenburg; 

New York 

Michigan 

Other States 

Total 

Rod .Vstraehan: 

New York 

Other States 

Total 

Yellow Newtown and 
Albemarle Pippin 

California 

Virginia 

Other States 

Total 



Thou- 
sand 
bushels. 



509 
2,182 



8,300 



1,170 
733 
545 
530 I 
518 
516 

2,393 



6,405 



1, 138 
965 



648 
2,011 



5, 439 



621 

522 

2,824 



3,967 



1,377 

991 

1,418 



3,786 



638 

549 

2,103 

3,290 



609 
2,750 



3,359 



1,316 
638 

950 



Variety and State. 



2,904 



Gano: 

Missouri 

Other States 

Total 

Limbertwig: 
North Carolina. . 

Tennessee 

Other States 

Total 

Yellow Bellflower: 

California 

Other States 

Total 

Golden Russet: 

New York 

Other Stales 

Total 

Tompkins King: 

New York 

Other States 

Total 

Fameuse (Snow): 

New York 

Other States 

Total 

Tolman: 

New York 

Other States 

Total 

Varieties each of which 
amounts to less 
than .500,000 bush- 
els in any one 
State: 

Early Harvest 

Grimes Golden 

Maiden Blush 

Fall Pippm 

Red Jime 

Stayman Winesap. . 

Yellow Transparent. 

Gravenstein 

All other 

Total, all varie- 
ties 



Thou- 
sand 
bushels 



20 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 041. 

FOOD PRODUCTION AND REQUIREMENTS OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES. 

By Nat C. Murray and Frank Andrews. 

All investigation into the production, imports, and exports of 
food products of various countries indicates that England produces 
about 53 per cent of her food requirements, and imports (net) about 
47 per cent; Belgium produces 57 per cent, and imports 43 per cent; 
Germany produces 88 per cent, and imports 1 2 per cent ; France pro- 
duces 92 per cent, and imports 8 per cent ; Austria-Hungary produces 
98 per cent, and imports 2 per cent; Russia produces about 110 per 
cent of her requii'ements, and exports an equivalent of about 10 per 
cent; Canada produces 23 per cent more than she consumes; Argen- 
tina produces 48 per cent more than she consumes; the United 
States produces practically no more than she consumes (i. e., exports 
and imports of foodstuffs almost balance) . 

These estimates are based upon latest available data, mostly for 
the years 1912 and 1913. The importations represent the net im- 
portations; that is, exports are deducted from the gross imports. In 
maldiig these estimates difficulties arose, mostl}' in determining the 
production of meat products. from available data of live stock; also, 
in securing satisfactory valuation of the different classes of foodstuffs, 
as edible grains and meats, which was necessary to establish a 
weighted average of production for all products. But, notwithstand- 
ing these difficulties, the figures given above are probably within a 
small per cent of accuracy. 

England. — The country most dependent upon importation from 
foreign countries is the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland, 
and Ireland). She produces only 27 per cent of her requirements 
of edible grains (including flour as wheat), but 53 per cent of her 
meats, 62 per cent of her dairj?- products, 58 per cent of her poultry, 
more than 90 per cent of her vegetables, and 21 percent of her fruits. 
Of fish she produces more than she consumes; that is, she is an 
export^er of fish products. 

It will be observed that her (k^pendence upon imports is greatest 
of grain products. In some discussions of the food requirements of 
England, as well as of other countries, conclusions are based solely 
upon the import requirements of wheat alone, and therefore the 
dependence upon foreign countries is exaggerated. For instance, 
although the Unit^^l Kmgdom unports nearly 75 per cent of her 
needs of edible grains, she unports only about 10 per cent of her 
needs of vegetables, the total value of which is nearly equal to that 
of her edible grains. 

Germany. — Germany imports about 18 per cent of her require- 
ment of edible grains (includmg flour), prockicing about 82 per cent 
of her requirements; she prochices about 03 per cent of her meats, 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 21 

92 per cent of hor daiiy products, 67 per cent of her poultry, 99 per 
cent of her vegetables, 48 per cent of her fruits; she is a large ex- 
porter of sugar, her production bemg 177 per cent of her consump- 
tion; that is, she exports 77 per cent as much as she consumes. 

France. — France imports about 7 per cent of her requirements of 
edible grains, producing about 93 per cent of her requirements; she 
produces 98 per cent of her meats, SO per cent of her poultry, and 91 
per cent of her sugar; she produces slightl}- more than she consumes 
of dairy products, vegetables, and fruits. 

Austna-IIungary . — ^Austria-Hungary is almost self-sustaining in 
food supplies; she is a fairly large exporter of sugar, and a large 
importer of coffee; in most other food products her imports and 
exports nearly balance, or are a small proportion of the production. 

Russia. — Russia is a surplus producer of foodstuffs; she exports 
19 per cent of her production of edible grains; or, in other words, 
her exports amount to about 24 per cent as much as she retains for 
consumption; her exports of dairy products equal tibout 10 per cent 
of her home requirements; her exports of poultry are 19 per cent; 
her exports of vegetables are 4 per cent, and her exports of sugar 
are 33 per cent of her home requirements. 

United States. — The United States in recent years has been as 
large an importer of foodstuffs as exporter; therefore she can not 
be classed as a surplus producer of foodstuffs. This is contrary to 
popular impression. It is true that she is an exporter of certain 
articles, but she is an equally large importer of other articles. In 
this classification tea and coffee are included with foodstuffs. In 
edible grams, the production is 23 per cent more than the amount 
retained; tlie production of meats is 6 per cent more — that is, exports 
of meats equal 6 per cent of that retained in the United States for 
consumption; the production of dairy products is 20 per cent .more 
than consumed; the production of poultry is just about equal to 
consumption; of vegetables, 1 per cent less; of fruits and nuts, 6 
per cent less; only 24 per cent of the consumptive requirements <^f 
sugar are producetl at liome, and, of course, none of the tea and 
coffee. 

ArgentirM. — -The exportations of edible grains from Argentina equal 
149 per cent of the amount retained in the country, and of meat 
})roducts 36 per cent. These ref> resent practically all of the food 
products exported by Argentina. Her production and consumption 
of dairy and poultry products about balance, but she is a small im- 
porter of ^ egetables, sugar, and fruits and nuts. Her total exports 
of foodstuffs equal 48 per cent of the amount retained. 

Canada. — The quantity of edible grains exported equals 129 per 
cent of the amount retained in the country, of meat products 8 per 



22 



farmers' BULLETIJvr 641. 



cent, of dairy products 12 per cent, and of fish products 94 per 
cent. She miports 6 per cent of her food requirements of poultry 
anfl eggs, 3 per cent of her vegetables, and 38 per cent of lier fruits 
and nuts. Altogether she produces 23 per cent more than she con- 
sumes of foodstuffs. 

Tablk ] 7. — Values of inijMifs and expoda wad estimated value of production of foodstuffs 

in couiitiies named. 

I Figures represent approximately conditions in 1912 or 1913. Values for the diflerent countries are made 
imiopendently of each othci 4. e., ou diflfereut bases— and therefore are not strictly comparable with 
each other.] 





United Kingdom. 


France. 


Russia. 




Millions of dollars. 


Per 
cent: 
Pro- 
duc- 
tion 
to re- 
quire- 
ments. 


Millions of dollars. 


Per 
cent: 
Pro- 
duc- 
tion 
to re- 
quire- 
ments. 


Millions of dollars. 


Per 
cent: 


Product. 


Im- 
ports. 


Ex- 
ports. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion. 


Im- 
ports. 


Ex- 
ports. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion. 


Im- 
ports. 


Ex- 
ports. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion. 


Pro- 
duc- 
tion ' 
to re- 
quire- 
ments. 




:ni 
:j2(i 
151 
53 
29 
87 
112 
83 
24 
63 


25 
19 
5 


107 
350 
213 

73 
292 

24 


27 

53 

6-2 

58 

91 

22 

"0 



166 

540 


52 
31 
1:3 
12 
2 
13 
26 
43 
15 
25 


8 
23 
16 

2 
11 
14 
18 


590 
540 
193 
39 
251 
58 
77 


93 

98 
101 

80 
101 
102 

91 


13 


10 
13 

1 

i' 
21 

"35" 

15 


298 
7 
38 
49 
21 
3 
34 

"2' 


1,477 
876 
412 
309 
515 

77 

140 

1 

154 

25 


124 


Meats 


99 




lio 


Poultry and eggs 


119 
104 




81 




132 




24 
44 
83 


"49' 
24 


I 


FLsh 


6 
11 


27 
2 


92 




100 










Total 


1,239 


200 


1,162 


53 


232 


109 


1,777 


93 


102 


452 


3,986 


110 








Germany. 


Austria-Hungary. 




Belgium. 






211 
63 
28 
53 
13 
54 

"54" 


.53 730 

833 

333 

107 

5 714 


82 

93 

92 

67 

99 

48 

177 





28 


19 
6 
6 

15 
6 

15 

"'"68' 
4 
5 


11 
6 
1 

32 
6 
6 

52 


058 
223 
203 
122 
424 
49 
90 


99 
100 

98 
115 
100 

84 

230 



53 

88 


183 
11 

8 
5 
15 
5 

"'is' 

5 


35 
4 
1 
3 

17 
1 

12 
5 
1 


47 
30 
22 
8 
77 
15 
19 

■•-,;■ 


24 




81 




16 


Poultry and eggs 


80 
i03 




2 

62 


48 
143 


79 




272 













1 


4 
41 


63 




222 


160 


24 














Total 


698 


282 


2,932 


88 


144 


115 


1,814 


98 


247 


79 


225 


57 








Argentina. 


Canada. 


United States. 




3 
4 
2 


101 

66 

2 


163 

234 

26 


249 

136 

100 

100 

95 

78 

92 




6 
6 
2 
3 
4 
17 
18 
9 
3 
4 


141 
15 
21 

""2 
5 


240 

120 

172 

50 

70 

20 

1 


229 

108 

112 

94 

62 

5 



194 

88 


19 
40 
16 

4 
20 

48 

217 

130 

20 

48 


100 
148 
147 
4 
14 
31 
4 


766 
1,986 
800 
650 
554 
250 
69 


123 


.vl eats 


106 




120 


Poultry and eggs 


100 




1 
2 
2 
2 
1 




17 

7 
22 


99 


Pruits and nuts 


94 


Sugar 


24 







Fish 






20 


35 
2 


14 
18 


148 
111 


96 


Other 








79 














Total 


17 


169 


469 


148 


72 


204 


710 


128 


562 


540 


5,334 


100 







THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 2S 

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE'S CROP REPORT. 

A cablegram from the International Institute of Agriculture, 
Rome, Italy, received October 27, gives the following report on crops 
of 1914: 

Tabi.e 18. — Report of International Institute of Agri-culture concerning production of 
sjiecified crops in specified countnes, 1914. 





Production 


in 1914. 


Country and crop. 


Production in 1914. 


r^ouiitry and crop. 


Amount. 


Tercent- 
agoof 
1913. 


Amount. 


Percent- 

.age of 

1913. 


PRUSSIA. 

Wheat 


Bushels. 

91, 000, 000 
334, WO, 000 

82, 000, 000 
410,000,000 

121,000,000 
30, 000, 000 
122,000,000 


Per cent. 
85.0 
90.6 
81.2 
90.7 

87.7 
103.1 
90.0 


SPAJN. 

Corn (maize) 


Bushels. 
28,000,000 

Gallom. 
372,000,000 

Pwnds. 
l,.i6S,000,000 

17,«08,000,000 

Bushrls. 
2,697,000,000 
1,478,000,000 
1, 164, 000, 000 
3,286,000,000 


Per ceiit. 
114 


Rve 


Wine 




Barlcv 




Oats ... 


98 9 


ASIATIC RU.SSIA (10 GOV- 
rRNitENT.'3). 


' Eiee 


87.7 


Wheat 


MPAN. 

Rice 

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. 

Whefit (21 countries)... 

Eye (17 countries) 

Barley (19 countries) . . . 
Oats (16 countries) 




Rye. 




Oats 


113.0 




92.3 
95.9 
89.9 
88.2 



The September issue of the Institute's Bulletin of Agiicultural 
and Commercial Statistics estimates the total beet-sugar production 
in 13 countries for 1913-14 as 9,389,000 short tons, or 99 per cent of 
the preceding year (1912-13). This production is expressed in terms 
of raw sugar. 



CANADIAN CROP REPORT. 

According to estimates published by the Census and Statistics 
Office of the Dominion of Canada, under date of November 12, the 
yield of potatoes in 1914 w^as 85,672,000 bushels, or an average yield 
of 180 bushels per acre for the entire Dominion. The yield in the 
maritime Provinces was especially heavy, having been 213 bushels 
per acre in Prince Edward Isla,nd, 220 m Nova Scotia, and 240 
in New^ Brunswick. The total for the Dominion last year was 
78,544,000 bushels from 473,500 acres. 

The 1914 outturn of turnips and other roots is given as 69,003,000 
bushels, compared with 66,788,000 a year ago; hay and clover gave 
a yield of 10,259,000 tons, against 10,859,000 in 1913; alfalfa 218,400 
tons, compared with 237,770; fodder corn, 3,251,000, against 2,616,200 
tons; and sugar beets' 146,000 tons, against 148,000. The average 
quality of all the above-named crops is high. 



24 



FARMEKS BULLETIN 641. 



The acreage sown to fall wlieat at the end of October in the 5 fall- 
wheat Provinces is officially estimated as 1,294,000 acres, against 
1,184,800 sown last year. The bulk of the fall wheat is grown in 
Ontario, where this year 1,043,000 acres were seeded, compared with 
898,000 acres m the autumn of 1913. In the three northwest Prov- 
inces the area sown to fall wheat has agam decreased, in continuation 
of a decline attributed to consecutive discouraging seasons for this 
variety. Alberta, however, is the only western Province where fall 
wheat is largely grown — 230,000 acres sown this year, compared with 
262,000 last. In British Columbia there is an increase from 5,500 
to 6,000 acres, or 10 per cent. 

The early harvest and favorable conditions for thrashing in the 
northwestern Provmces has enabled excellent progress to be made 
in plowing. On the land intended for sowing in the spring 92 per 
cent of the fall plowuig w^as completed in Manitoba by October 1, 77 
per cent in Saskatchewan, and 56 per cent in Alberta. The progress 
made augurs well for next year's crops. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK, 



25 



CONDITIONS, YIELD PER ACRE, PRODUCTION, QUALITY, PRICE, WEIGHT 
OF GRAIN PER MEASURED BUSHEL, AND STOCKS ON FARMS OF 
SPECIFIED CROPS, BY STATES. 



Tablk 1^1— Corn: Yii-Id 



produciion, stocl's on farms, qunlity, and price, with 
comparisojis. 















Com. 
















Yield per 
acre. 


Production. 


Stocks on farms. 


Quality. 


Price, Nov. 1. 


Stote. 


19H 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914, 
prelimi- 
nary. 


1913 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


191:4 


1913 






Per 

cent 

of 

1913 


Quan- 
tity. 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 














crop. 


















Bu. 


Bu. 


Bmli.i 


Bush.^ 


Bmh.i 




Bu.'- 


£m.i 


P.c. 


P.c. 


CUf. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Me 


45.5 


39.4 


728 


608 


694 


1.0 


6 


9 


89 


72 


90 


86 


80 


N.H 


46.0 


38.5 


966 


814 


967 


1.5 


12 


16 


90 


70 


85 


83 


78 


Vt 


46.0 


38.0 


2,070 


1,665 


1,792 


1.0 


17 


43 


90 


66 


80 


81 


76 


Mass 


46.0 


40.3 


2,208 


1,944 


2,041 


2.5 


49 


44 


90 


75 


96 


82 


30 


R.I 


42.0 


37.0 


462 


402 


430 


5.0 


20 


21 


89 


75 


106 


107 


108 


Conn 


46.0 


42.7 


2, 806 


2,348 


2,755 


3.0 


70 


66 


90 


77 


90 


84 


80 


N. Y 


41.0 


33.9 


21,812 


15,020 


18, 682 


1.3 


195 


474 


90 


66 


87 


80 


74 


N.J 


39.0 


36.3 


10, ms 


10, 862 


10, 157 


4.5 


489 


519 


93 


88 


80 


83 


73 


Pa 


42.0 


38.4 


61,446 


57.057 


56,524 


3.0 


1,712 


2,463 


92 


84 


77 


76 


70 


Del 


35.0 


31.3 


6,895 


6, 206 


6,089 


3.0 


186 


265 


90 


84 


70 


57 


61 


Md 


37.0 


34.7 


24.531 


22,110 


22,211 


2.5 


553 


660 


91 


83 


68 


68 


64 


Va 


21.0 


24.5 


40, .341 


51,480 


46,959 


3.7 


1,905 


1,663 


84 


88 


86 


78 


74 


W. Va.... 


30.5 


29.2 


22,326 


22,692 


20, 137 


3.5 


794 


931 


88 


86 


82 


81 


75 


N. C 


20.0 


17.0 


56, 700 


55,282 


47,884 


3.5 


1,935 


1,738 


90 


89 


91 


90 


85 


S.C 


18.5 


15.6 


36, 538 


38,512 


31,564 


4.3 


1,656 


1,028 


91 


90 


102 


102 


94 


Ga 


14.5 


13.4 


58, 957 


63, 023 


53, 482 


3.3 


2,080 


917 


91 


91 


93 


93 


88 


Fla 


16.0 


12.2 


11,008 


10, 125 


8,628 


3.0 


304 


43 


83 


93 


92 


82 


83 


Ohio 


39.1 


38.1 


149,440 


146,250 


154,651 


3.7 


5,411 


7,848 


89 


86 


66 


04 


59 


Ind 


33.0 


37.0 


163,317 


176,400 


186, 900 


3.6 


6,350 


.10,965 


82 


86 


66 


64 


55 


Ill 


29.0 


35.5 


300,034 


282, 150 


366, 883 


3.2 


9, 029 


24,300 


86 


77 


67 


64 


54 


Mich 


36.0 


33.0 


60, 912 


56,112 


.'i4,829 


3.0 


1,083 


1,934 


90 


86 


73 


70 


63 


Wis 


40.5 


35.2 


68,850 


66, 825 


,56,346 


3.6 


2,406 


2,097 


91 


91 


68 


60 


58 


Minn 


35.0 


32.5 


89,040 


96,000 


76, ,584 


3.8 


3,648 


2,580 


92 


94 


55 


53 


50 


Iowa 


38.0 


34.4 


389, 424 


338,300 


352. 236 


4.2 


14,209 


23, 761 


91 


88 


61 


60 


.52 


Mo 


22.0 


28.5 


159,016 


129,062 


200, a59 


4.0 


5, 162 


15,854 


70 


65 


71 


75 


59 


N. Dak. . . 


28.0 


24.6 


13, 132 


10,800 


6, 938 


1.0 


108 


88 


88 


89 


60 


47 


55 


S. Dak... 


26.0 


28.3 


75, 504 


67,320 


60.509 


2.7 


1,818 


2,672 


87 


88 


56 


58 


49 


Nehr 


24.0 


26.1 


178,992 


114,150 


164,878 


2.5 


2,854 


6,574 


90 


78 


60 


08 


54 


Kans 


18.0 


20.1 


115,9.56 


23, 424 


129. 700 


1.0 


234 


9,234 


75 


47 


70 


79 


61 


Ky 


26.0 


27.8 


94,900 


74,825 


92, 543 


4.0 


2,993 


5,472 


79 


74 


73 


78 


(i3 


Tenn 


23.6 


25.0 


78, 725 


68, 675 


80, 767 


3.5 


2,404 


3,267 


83 


79 


73 


80 


67 


Ala 


17.0 


16.0 


55,488 


55,360 


49, 107 


3.0 


1,661 


975 


85 


88 


91 


91 


83 


Miss 


18.5 


17.8 


60, 606 


63,000 


51,103 


2.0 


1,260 


796 


83 


85 


78 


82 


77 


La 


19.5 


19.3 


39, 273 


41,800 


35,131 


2.0 


836 


1,300 


82 


78 


78 


83 


70 




20.0 


20.3 


133,280 


163,200 


120,286 


2.5 


4,080 


3,526 


80 


78 


77 


84 


75 


Okla 


13.2 


20.8 


56, 430 


52, 250 


75, 412 


1.0 


522 


1.630 


67 


70 


65 


74 


60 


.\rk 


17.5 


20.2 


42,875 


47, 025 


48, 439 


2.5 


1,176 


1,767 


75 


79 


83 


79 


70 


Mont 


28.0 
25.0 


25.2 
24.4 


1,008 
525 


882 
493 


533 

268 


1.0 
0.5 


9 

2 


18 
2 


91 

94 


89 
90 


84 
71 






Wyo 


65 


82 


Colo 


23.0 


21.0 


10, 626 


6,300 


6,409 


2.0 


126 


306 


90 


81 


71 


76 


73 


N.Mex... 


28.0 


25.3 


2.492 


1,.572 


1,8.38 


1.0 


16 


31 


95 


80 


87 


69 


85 


Ariz 


32.0 


31.0 


576 


476 


457 


1.0 


.") 


13 


90 


88 


105 


120 


112 


Utah 


35.0 


31.7 


385 


340 


254 


1.0 


3 


7 


93 


93 


90 


74 


82 


Nev 


30.0 


32.2 


36 


34 


29 


1.0 








86 


94 


125 


120 




Idaho 


31.0 


30.1 


620 


448 


362 


.0 


2 


2 


90 


93 


82 


70 


80 


Wash 


28.0 


26.6 


1,008 


952 


800 


1.5 


14 


15 


92 


91 


75 


76 


79 


Oreg 


30.0 


27.9 


660 


598 


542 


1.0 


6 


9 


84 


93 


80 


73 


80 


Cal 


39.0 


34.0 


2,160 


1,815 


1,745 


2.0 


36 


29 


90 


86 


95 


86 


88 


U.S.. 


25.8 


20. 7 


2,705.692 


2, 446, 988 


2,708,334 


3.3 


80,046 


137,972 


85.1 


82.2 


69. 7 


70.7 


01.7 



1 Thon.sands; 000 omitted. 



28 

Table 20. — Potatoes: 



FARMERS BULLETIN 641, 

* 

Yield per acre^ prodvction^ quality^ and pncCj -ivith C07nparisons. 





Potatofts. 


state. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Production. 


Quality. 


Price, Nov. 1. 




1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914, 
prelimi- 
nary. 


1913 


5-year 
average. 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 




Bu. 
255 
161 
160 
153 
165 

140 
145 
108 
106 
80 

78 
65 
54 
52 
70 

65 
85 
95 

85 
60 

121 
124 
114 

86 
45 

108 
90 
80 
62 

48 

46 
79 
80 
75 
61 

70 
60 
140 
108 
120 

103 
125 
140 
130 
155 

128 
97 
138 


Bu. 
201 
125 
118 
112 
124 

100 
92 
99 

87 
90 

88 
83 
88 
77 
82 

87 
86 
81 
SO 

96 
100 
99 

87 
74 

96 

84 
?7 
66 
76 

74 
80 
88 
69 
63 

65 
72 
146 
139 
122 

84 
116 
152 
157 
161 

141 
121 
132 


Bu.i 

32,640 

2,737 

4,000 

4,131 

825 

3,360 
53,215 
9,936 

28,408 
880 

3,354 
6,890 
2,592 
1,560 
700 

780 

1,105 

15,010 

6,375 

7,440 

44,044 
37, 696 
31, 692 
12, 642 
3,915 

6,588 
5,580 
9,360 
4,464 
2,448 

1,748 
1,422 
960 
1,800 
2,684 

2,240 
1,440 
5,180 
1,404 
9,360 

1,133 
125 
2,940 
1,560 
5,270 

7,552 
4,753 
10,350 


Bu.T- 

28, 160 

2,074 

3, 175 

2,835 

650 

2,208 
26, 640 

8, 930 

23,320 

957 

3,741 
9,870 
3,984 
2,400 
800 

972 

912 

10, 240 

3,975 

5, 750 

33,600 

32, 155 

30,250 

7,200 

3,230 

5,100 
4,680 
5,664 
2,920 
2,450 

2,432 
1,512 
960 
1,750 
2,340 

1,920 
1,800 
5.040 

i;680 
9,200 

612 

75 

3,600 

1,760 

5,780 

7,380 
6, 750 
8,092 


26, 077 

2,298 

3,414 

2,922 

600 

2,437 
36, 288 

8,438 

22,653 

946 

3,383 
8,137 
3,889 
2,349 
816 

928 

918 

16, 193 

7,222 

9,921 

35,273 
31, 625 
25, 885 
13, 227 
6,034 

4,797 
4,217 
7,231 
4,148 
4,000 

2,691 
1,245 

801 
1,457 
2,691 

1,604 
1,919 
4,215 
1,094 
8,161 

644 

97 

2,722 

1,369 

5,232 

8,636 
6,408 
9,375 


P.c. 
100 
99 
99 
97 
98 

99 
96 
91 
92 

87 

84 
75 
75 
72 
85 

81 
86 
87 
85 

78 

94 
90 
91 

87 
66 

100 
92 
89 
80 
06 

71 
85 
86 
85 
81 

85 
81 
90 
87 
90 

90 
95 
79 
90 
89 

93 

83 
90 


P.c. 
97 
92 
95 
92 
93 

89 
86 
86 
90 
88 

84 
88 
80 
88 
89 

89 
90 
81 
73 
• 67 

90 
93 
93 

74 
60 

92 

89 
77 
C9 

;o 

77 
85 
86 
82 
76 

80 
80 
92 
96 

86 

78 
88 
95 
97 
94 

90 
94 

84 


Cts. 
36 
56 
49 
68 
70 

67 
43 
66 
62 
92 

67 
72 
90 
88 
132 

116 
120 
58 

57 
67 

32 
32 
33 
57 

80 

40 
46 
57 

78 
80 

96 
110 

95 
110 
108 

94 
107 
67 

80 
75 

100 
110 

62 
85 
47 

62 
64 
60 


Cts. 
50 
79 
67 
80 
90 

82 
77 
76 
80 
70 

69 
68 
95 
77 
126 

116 
122 

88 
85 

84 

55 
56 
49 
&2 
94 

52 
62 

74 
90 
94 

98 
107 
104 
110 
112 

104 
98 
56 
79 
61 

110 
160 
57 

75 
49 

58 
52 

68 


Cts. 
49 




G7 








76 




81 




SO 




58 




76 




67 




78 




67 




72 


West Virginia 


80 

81 




IW 




109 


Florida 

Ohio 


134 

67 




63 




70 




43 




42 




45 




60 




79 


North Dakota 


53 


South Daliota 


62 




71 




88 




79 




81 




102 




101 




96 




117 


Oklahoma 


107 




97 


Montana 


61 


Wyoming 


86 


Colorado 


61 


New Mexico 


103 


Arizona 


140 


Utah 


55 


Nevada 


77 




63 


Wasliington 


57 


Oregon 


57 


California 


74 






United States 


109.6 


96.6 


406,288 


331,525 


356,627 


90.9 


87.8 


54.0 


69.6 


61.0 







1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



27 



Table 21. — Siveet potatoes: Yield p^r acre, production, quality, and price, u>ilh com- 
parisons. 



State. 



Sweet potatoes. 



Yield per 
acre. 



1914 I y-^. 



Production. 



1914, 
prelimi- 
nary. 



0-year 
average. 



Quality. 



10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 



Price, Oct. 15. 



1914 



1913 



4- 

year 
aver- 
age. 



New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georijia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

California 

United States 



Bu. 
100 
100 
120 
125 
92 

95 
90 
85 
87 
125 

110 
100 

84 
100 

84 

105 
110 
105 
100 
93 

90 
90 
101 
102 
95 

143 
200 
161 



Bu. 
124 
105 
121 

118 
9G 

95 
94 
87 
84 
109 

101 
96 
98 
92 
91 

91 
9ti 

S6 
86 
S6 



90 

84 

141 
154 
13S 



Bu.i 

2,200 

100 

600 

1,000 

2,852 

190 
6,840 
4,080 
6,873 
2, 375 

110 
100 
672 
200 
504 



3,174 

110 

675 

1,128 

3,564 

182 
8,000 
4,600 
7,221 
2,310 

90 

78 

560 

160 

336 



3,066 
117 
657 
999 

3,771 

210 
7,737 
4,508 
7,111 
2, 278 

110 
118 
Ml 
196 
639 



550 

945 

1,900 

5,859 

4,410 
5, 130 
5,2.52 
612 
1,710 



250 

675 

1,600 

6,650 

5,390 
5,100 
4,000 
384 
1,800 



437 

941 

1,997 

6,014 

4,979 
5,007 
2,924 
352 
1,813 



966 



1,020 



806 



P.c. 

85 
93 
91 
90 

86 



90 
91 
93 
90 

96 

100 
98 



P.c. 
94 
91 
91 
90 
90 

8S 
89 
88 



82 



56,030 



59, 057 



57, 62S 



Cts. 

70 
125 

50 



100 
75 
80 
78 
92 

100 
% 
100 
125 
105 



no 

85 



Cts. 
63 

102 
44 
50 
70 



63 
75 

76 
80 

no 

100 
105 
103 
115 

200 
150 
95 
94 

76 

72 

70 

110 

110 

94 



165 
i25 



79.3 



78.0 



Cis. 



100 
123 
104 

169 
128 

84 
83 
77 

76 
71 
113 
114 
92 

130 
170 
117 



79. 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



28 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 641. 

Table 22. — Buckwheat: Yield per acre, produvLion, quality, and price, with comparisons. 











Buckwheat. 












State. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Production 




Quality. 


Price, No\ 


-. 1. 




1914 


10- 
j-ear 
aver- 
age. 


1914, 
prelimi- 
nary. 


1913 


o-ycar 
average. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


5- 
year 
aver- 
ago. 


Maine 


Bu. 
23.0 
27.0 
28.0 
18.5 
18.5 

23.0 
21.0 
23.8 
19.0 
19.0 

19.4 
21.6 
19.0 
24.0 
17.0 

17.7 
18.0 
17.5 
17.0 
18.3 

15.5 
18.5 
1(1. 
22.3 


Bu. 
30.0 
25.6 
23.6 
19.6 
17.9 

20.2 
20.4 
19.9 
19.2 
18.2 

18.8 
20.7 
17.0 
18.9 
17.2 

18.3 
15.3 
15.6 
16.3 
15.1 

15.7 
16.6 
14.0 
15.7 


348 
27 

224 
37 
56 

6,302 
210 

5,824 

57 

209 

446 
774 
171 
480 
85 

71 

1,062 
298 
102 
110 

31 

18 
16 
67 


416 
31 

200 
34 
51 

4,004 
220 

5,180 
51 
182 

531 
798 
174 
324 
92 

68 
900 
297 
99 
84 

22 
20 
10 
45 


423 
29 

200 
39 
56 

6,766 
247 

5,894 
65 
198 

443 
792 
178 
406 

94 

79 
1,051 
297 
125 
116 

25 
17 
12 

45 


P.c. 
S7 
94 
95 
90 
86 

84 
90 
89 
90 
83 

89 
91 
90 
91 
.91 

80 
96 
90 
92 
£2 

85 
94 
85 
85 


P.c. 
94 
93 
90 

90 

90 

90 
90 
90 
89 
90 

90 
SO 
91 

88 
50 

89 
89 
88 
88 
90 

89 
88 
84 
90 


Cts. 
55 
75 
80 
75 

100 

79 
82 
78 
75 
74 

81 
80 
75 
75 

86 

125 

74 
76 
70 
89 


as. 

77 

'""87' 
100 
100 

fi 
71 

"""75" 

81 

78 
82 

77 
85 

92 
68 
71 
61 
83 

92 


Cts. 
72 


New Hampshire 


76 


Verrnon t 


85 




90 


Cnnnpf^tiriit 


99 


New York 


71 




74 




67 


Delaware 


69 




73 


Virginia 


79 




74 


Norlli Carolina 


83 


Ohio 


72 


Indiana 


80 




96 


Michigan 


68 


W isconsin 


74 


Minnesota 


66 


Iowa 


83 




95 













Tennessee 


75 


75 


77 






United States 


21.4 


19.7 


17,025 


13,833 


16,597 


fel.e 


90.2 


78.1 


75.5 


70.3 







1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 
T.^BLK 23. — Fkusecd: Yield per acre, jirodudion, quality, and price, with co/nparisons. 











Flaxseed. 












State. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Production. 


Quality. 


I'rice, NoA 


-. 1. 




1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914, 
prelimi- 
nary. 


1913 


0-year 
average. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Wisconsin 


Bu. 

13.5 
9.5 
9.5 
8.0 
8.3 

7.5 
9.0 


Bu. 

13.2 
9.9 

10.7 
6.9 
8.6 

8.8 
8.5 
9.0 
10.2 
6.8 


Bu.^ 

108 

2,992 

247 

64 

7,055 

2,550 
63 
270 

2, SCO 
64 


JSu.' 

126 

3,150 

263 

50 

7,200 

3,060 
54 
300 

3,600 
50 


Bu.^ 

118 

3,315 

221 

96 

8,535 

3,842 

24 

316 

2,988 
40 


P.c. 
93 

89 
91 
82 
62 

•SS 
90 
83 
91 
95 


P.c. 

91 
SO 
90 
84 
90 

GO 
90 
86 
93 


Cts. 
121 
119 
122 
125 
118 

120 
125 
112 


Cts. 
118 
123 
117 
102 
120 

118 
110 
112 
114 


as. 

169 


Minnesota 


170 


Iowa 


165 


Missouri 




North Dakota 


168 


South Dakota 


165 


Nebraska 


137 


Kansas 


157 


Montana 


8.0 
8.0 


166 
















United States.. . 


8.3 


9.0 


15,973 


17,853 


19,501 


90.4 


90.3 


118.7 


118.7 


166.4 







1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



29 



Table 24. — Tobacco, and weights of grain: Yield per acre, production, and quality of 
tobacco; weight per measured bushel of grain; with comparisojis . 





• 


Tobacco. 






Grain, weight per measured bushel. 


Statf. 


Yield per 

acre. 


Production. 


Quality. 


Wlieat. 


Oats. 


Barley. 




iyi4 


1(> 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914, 
pre- 
limi- 
nary. 


1913 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


4- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Mqiiif- . . 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs.i 


Lbs.i 


Lbs.i 


P.c. 


P.c. 


Lbs. 
60.0 


Lbs. 
59.6 


Lbs. 
34.8 
34.0 
33.0 
33.2 
30.0 

30.5 
31.6 
30.5 
31.5 
30.5 

30.4 
30.9 
31.0 
31.5 
31.8 

31.5 
29.0 
31.2 
31.0 
30.6 

32.5 
29.0 
29.0 
31.3 
30.1 

33.0 
31.0 
32.3 
32.0 
30.8 

31.4 
31.8 
31.8 
32.5 
29.5 

30.7 
31.1 

37.0 
37.0 
37.2 

34.5 
35.0 
36.8 
36.5 
36.5 

34.8 
34.5 
33.0 


Lbs. 
33.0 
32.0 
31.5 
31.0 
30.6 

30.6 
31.9 
29.7 
31.0 
29.0 

30.0 
-31.3 
31.4 
31.2 
31.6 

31.4 
29.6 
31.2 
30.4 
30.4 

31.6 
31.7 
31.6 
31.3 
30.0 

34.2 
32.2 
30.9 
30.8 
30.7 

31.0 
31.2 
31.2 
31.3 
29.9 

30.4 
30.9 


Lbs. 
49.0 

48.4 
48.0 


Lbs. 
48.8 


New Haxapshire. . . 
Vermont 


1,770 
1,700 
1,750 


1,702 
1,062 
1,670 


177 

170 

11,550 


165 

155 

9,455 


163 

164 

9,524 


99 
97 

95 


97 
93 
94 


47.4 




57.4 


46.4 


Massachusetts 




Rhode Island . . . 










Connecticut 


1,770 
1,300 


1,059 
1,194 


35, 754 
5,980 


28,520 
4,386 


28,337 
4,997 


96 
90 


% 
90 










New York 


59.7 
69.0 
59.7 
60.0 

60.0 
59.1 
59.9 
69.5 
59.5 

58.7 


59.4 
59.3 
59.6 
59.0 

59.2 
59.4 
69.2 
59.0 
59.0 

57.9 


47.5 


47.5 






Pennsylvania 


1,450 


1,317 


47,995 


46,680 


57,351 


96 


91 


47.6 47.6 


Maryland 


800 
650 
820 
650 
730 

1,000 

1,000 

900 

900 

780 


077 


16.000 


18,500 
154,000 

10,200 
167, 500 

33, 288 

1,800 

4,000 

61,425 

11,925 

560 


18,063 
135,388 

12,763 
127,339 

22,027 

1,323 

2,987 

79,96» 

18. 939 

842 


94 
78 
89 
76 

78 

94 
96 
91 
91 
95 


85 
84 
88 
80 
81 

91 
91 

88 
88 
89 


48.0 45.5 


Virginia 


738' 104; 000 
746 8, 856 
637146.250 


48.0 47.8 


West Virginia 




North Carol ina 




South Carolina 


757 

780 
838 
856 
8S6 
770 


33,580 

1,900 
4,300 
78, 120 
12, 150 

468 




Georgia 




Florida 




Ohio 


59.3 
59.3 

58.7 

59.5 
56.9 
53.1 
57.9 
59.0 

54.5 
52.9 
59.2 
58.0 
59.4 

59.0 
59.0 
59.2 


58.3 
58.0 
58.1 

58.1 
57.4 
55. 4 
57.0 
58.0 

56.3 
56.1 

58.9 
58.1 
58.1 

58.2 
57.8 
58.1 


47.5 48.6 




47.0 47.9 


Illinois 


44.5! 4r,_S 




48.0 
46.5 
45.5 
40.0 
46.0 


47.8 


Wisconsin 


1,180 


1,211 


53,808 


60, 740 


47,807 


90 


89 


46.5 




45.8 














.. 


46 6 


Missoiuri 


900 


822 


3,690 


3.315 


5,578 


90 


80 


ifi n 


North Dakota 


43. 45. 


South Dakota . 














44 2 45 
















46 45 
















45 5! 43 5 




910 

820 
700 


830 

756 
549 


353,535 

63,468 
140 


281,200 

64,800 
210 


350,502 

70,426 
153 


88 

92 

88 


88 

89 
86 


48. ll 47 9 


Tennessee 

Alabama 


46.0 47.8 


MissLssijipi 


( 


Louisiana 


400 
580 


491 
635 


280 
116 


270 
120 


218 
159 


100 
80 


87 
86 


1 


Texas 


56.0 

59.7 
58.0 
59.7 
59.9 
59.1 

69.5 
60.2 
60.6 
59.8 
59.7 

59.7 
69.4 
59.2 


57.2 

57.7 
58.0 
69.6 
60.1 
59.0 

60.0 
60.0 
60.6 
60.1 
60.0 

58.8 
59.7 
58.4 


44.0 45 9 






Arkansas 


611 


029 


428 


520 


471 


91 


S3 




Montana .... 


37.8 
37.9 
36.9 

34.6 
35.8 
37.0 
30.9 
36.9 

35.6 
36.1 
34.4 


48 0' 51 2 
















50 O' 50 2 
















49 ''^ ^ 


New Mexico 














49.5 
49.5 
49.5 
49.7 
49.5 

48.4 
47.2 


51 2 


















49 5 


UtaJi 



































47 9 


Idaho 














49 


Washington 
















47 2 














.IR .I 


California 














48 47 2 




] 












United States. 


853.8 


823.8 


982,715 


953, 734 


996,087 


&).4 


86.9 


58.0 


57.9 


31.5 


31.7 


46. 2[ 40.6 



1 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



30 



FAEMERS BULLETIN 641. 



Table 25. — Apples, pears, grapes: Production and quality; price of apples; irith com- 

paHsons. 





Apples. 


Pear* 


Grapes. 




Production. 


Quality. 


Price, Oct. 15. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Quality. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


State. 




































1914 


1918 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1912 


1914 


10- 
year 


1914 


1913 


1914 






Per 




1913 




cent 


Quan- 
































offiiU 


tity. 




















age. 












crop. . 




































Bu.i 


Bu.^ 


5h.2 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.C. 


Cts. 


as.- 


Cts. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


Me 


95 


7,400 


3,000 


5,400 


99 


85 


87 


45 


96 


60 


SO 


70 


95 


88 


75 


75 


N. H 


91 


2,000 


800 


2,200 


97 


75 


91 


44 


105 


65 


75 


79 


84 


86 


83 


80 


Vt 


90 


3,200 
4,400 


700 


2,600 
3,300 


96 


72 


88 


SO 


100 


€5 


65 


76 


94 


83 






Mass 


100 


2,300 


95 


83 


88 


60 


125 


75 


75 




91 


95 


94 


80 


R,I 


92 


400 


300 


300 


87 


84 


84 


65 


100 


99 


80 


74 


93 


95 


97 


90 


Conn 


85 


2,500 


2,100 


1,700 


87 


85 


85 


55 


79 


73 


75 


72 


a5 


95 


86 


82 


N. Y 


84 


49,600 


19, .500 


44,000 


88 


73 


85 


40 


89 


50 


53 


68 


86 


88 


89 


58 


N.J 


92 


3,400 


2,100 


1,700 


87 


80 


76 


50 


78 


63 


85 


67 


84 


84 


95 


7i 


Pa 


88 


23, 100 


10, 200 


12, 700 


89 


76 


80 


46 


80 


60 


80 


6.5 


90 


85 


9(; 


55 


Del 


88 


500 


200 


400 


90 


78 


88 


40 


00 


68 


60 


64 


90 


80 


98 


68 


Md 


89 


3,500 


1,.300 


2,000 


90 


82 


88 


41 


75 


60 


80 


66 


90 


83 


95 


55 


Va 


86 


15,300 


5,200 


15,000 


88 


70 


87 


35 


73 


.50 


73 


54 


89 


70 


91 


60 


W. Va.... 


100 


12, 400 


1,000 


10, .300 


90 


67 


90 


42 


110 


50 


72 


50 


89 


75 


91 


41 


N.C 


90 


9,000 


3,000 


7,600 


87 


65 


80 


52 


86 


73 


78 


54 


90 


72 


93 


73 


s.c 


83 


800 


300 


600 


88 


60 


76 


80 


125 


100 


84 


60 


90 


70 


86 


78 


Ga 


80 


2,000 


900 


1,400 


85 


70 


77 


80 


102 


95 


77 


58 


92 


76 


86 


80 


Fia 






















70 
68 


56 
61 


85 
88 


67 

82 






Ohio 


65 


13,300 


4,800 


10,600 


83 


67 


86 


60 


100 


60 


91 


50 


Ind 


.38 


4,300 


6, 6(X) 


4,200 


70 


72 


71 


70 


65 


65 


65 


64 


84 


85 


86 


77 


lU 


28 


3,700 


8,200 


5,800 


66 


6S 


74 


75 


65 


ti8 


63 


52 


85 


82 


80 


82 


Mich 


82 


17,200 


8,900 


17,200 


84 


74 


85 


40 


60 


43 


SO 


68 


90 


86 


96 


63 


Wis 


48 


2,200 


4, 000 


2,000 


76 


87 


81 


75 


68 


80 


80 


64 


85 


91 


91 


92 




40 
15 


700 
1,600 


1,800 
7,100 


700 
1,500 


75 

68 


'95 

76 


85 
73 


95 
102 


70 
80 


100 
92 










73 

84 


88 


Iowa 


65 


53 


88 


86 


88 


Mo 


54 


12,500 


7,900 


19,200 


72 


56 


76 


61 


73 


45 


69 


45 


85 


71 


80 


69 


S Dak 


50 
25 


200 
1,200 


300 
2,300 


200 
2,800 


75 
70 


87 
67 


80 
80 


125 
95 


115 
90 


100 

78 










65 
70 


76 


Nebr 


60 


52 


88 


81 


73 


Kaiis 


35 


3,100 


2,700 


6,700 


71 


56 


77 


90 


100 


57 


64 


.53 


8,5 


62 


65 


46 


Ky 


106 


14,700 


6,900 


9,600 


75 


65 


79 


60 


75 


60 


77 


52 


90 


71 


87 


80 


Tenn 


80 


8,600 


3,900 


8,900 


84 


6! 


84 


59 


99 


63 


66 


47 


86 


70 


82 


78 


Ala 


68 


1,600 


900 


1,200 


78 


63 


75 


80 


100 


75 


66 


55 


89 


75 


86 


74 


Miss 


64 


500 


400 


400 


79 


6.3 


78 


90 


IOC 


86 


71 


57 


87 


78 


80 


75 


La 










70 

78 


70 
72 


75 
79 


"ioo 


95 
124 


100 
105 


75 
65 


62 

62 


89 
90 


85 
78 


75 
75 


H5 


Tex 


72 


500 


300 


500 


73 


OTcla 


55 


1,500 


1, 100 


1,700 


73 


66 


79 


86 


110 


88 


40 


57 


74 


67 


67 


i}2 


Ark 


72 


5,000 


4,000 


5,100 


SO 


a5 


70 


70 


85 


80 


65 


51 


80 


77 


75 


84 


Mont 

Wyo 


78 


900 


soo 


900 


88 


9C 


95 


90 


120 


75 


80 


82 


95 


83 










98 
86 


99 

85 


103 

82 


130 

€0 


138 
100 
















Colo 


88 


4,, 500 


3,300 


3,i66 


97 


96 


65 


98 


91 


102 


72 


N, Mex... 


91 


900 


600 


800 


90 


85 


87 


110 


115 


105 


85 


67 


90 


85 


8B 


80 


Ariz 


85 


100 


100 


100 


HT, 


85 


100 


145 


190 


196 


90 


78 


90 


92 


95 


90 


Utah 


100 


800 


600 


700 


95 


R« 


91 


52 


74 


91 


94 


72 


96 


90 


98 


95 


Nev 


75 


200 


200 


300 


85 


9(- 


97 


100 


165 


115 


85 


65 


95 


90 


95 


90 


Idaho 


87 


1,700 


1, 400 


1,700 


90 


87 


96 


" 


105 


85 


75 


76 


91 


90 


90 


87 


Wash 


89 


8,300 


6,900 


7,700 


92 


87 


94 


64 


90 


65 


85 


82 


92 


92 


94 


9t 


Oreg 


80 


3, 600 


3,500 


4,100 


8!) 


88 


96 


70 


80 


59 


75 


78 


92 


90 


90 


90 


Cal 


91 


6,000 


3, 001) 


5,700 


91 


80 


91 


70 


100 


75 


87 


76 


92 


87 


91 


79 


U.S.. 


74. .5 


258,900 


145, 400 


235, 200 


85.3 


70.2 


83.0 


56.0 


85.6 


61.3 


71.1 


64.5 


88.0 


82.0 


89.8 


72.8 



1 Production compared with a full crop. 



2 Thousands; 000 omitted. 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 31 

Table 26. — Cranhemes, sorghum, sugar mtie, clover sml: Production, qimlity, coiuliliou, 
and price, with comparisons. 





Cranb 


^rries. 




Sorghum. 


Sugar 


cane. 






Clover seed. 






State. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Quality. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Condition. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Produc- 
tion.! 


Price, 

1.! 


Oct. 




1914 


1913 


Itl4 


1913 


1614 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 1913 


Ifjl4 


1913 


Me 


P.c. 

80 
87 
Gl 
100 
25 


P.c. 
70 
90 
76 
88 
75 


P.c. 
92 
97 
96 
90 
92 


P. c. 
94 

100 
84 
£4 

100 


Gals. 


Oals. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


P.c. 


P.c. 


Dots. 


Doh. 


N ii 




















Mas= 


















R I 






































N Y 










2.8 
1.0 
1.5 
3.5 
2.5 

2.0 
1.8 
2.4 


2.3 
1.3 
1.3 
2.0 
1.3 

2.5 
2.5 
2.4 


70 
70 
65 
78 

86 

60 
80 
80 


85 
82 
62 
58 
61 

77 
67 
85 


10.50 


9.93 


N J 


93 


59 


91 


86 












Pa 










9.00 


7.23 


Del 




















Md 






















Va 










90 
95 
90 
76 

108 

100 

103 

85 

69 


94 
87 
93 
92 
106 

160 
78 
89 
75 






9.80 
10.50 


9.00 


W. Va 














10.00 


N C 














8.90 


s c 










85 
86 

86 


82 
84 

88 




Ga 










2.5 


2.8 


95 i 80 

i 






Fla 













Ohio 










1.5 
1.6 
1.4 
1.9 

2.1 
2.2 
1.7 
1.5 
2.3 

1.5 
1.8 
2.0 
1.5 
1.6 

6.0 


1.5 
1.6 
1.5 
1.8 

2.6 
2.5 
1.8 
1.6 
2.5 

2.6 
2.2 
2.4 
2.0 
2.4 

3.0 


71 
65 
60 
73 

88 
89 
79 
.55 

SO 


84 
80 
70 
92 

^2 
84 
•89 
66 
fl 


8.10 
8.30 

8.80 
8.05 

7.0O 
8.00 
8.30 
9.20 


6.47 


Ind 


106 


90 


98 


100 






6.49 


lU 






7.20 


Mich 


93 

SO 
95 


80 

78 


. . .. 

99 

95 
100 


94 
t4 






6.90 




75 
75 
85 

89 


80 
{'5 
90 
63 






6.90 








8.00 




6.M 


Mo 















8.30 


N Dak 
















S. Dak 


1 








(iO 
35 
oO 
86 
S2 

90 
92 
100 
85 
d6 

84 






90 90 
70 84 


"9.' 30' 
8.<M) 
9.40 

10. 00 


9.50 


Nebr . 


- - 






90 
75 
04 
98 

101 
110 
SO 
73 
78 

82 






8.70 
















68 
62 
68 

75 
«2 
70 


72 

75 

78 

81 
89 
80 


8.00 


Kv . . . 














S.OO 
















9.00 


Ala 










88 
83 
83 

83 
77 

85 


SI 
83 
86 
78 

80 




Miss. . . . 














I..a 


















Tex 


















Okia 










3.5 
"2.0' 


3.7 

3.0 
3.0 


59 

72 
70 


72 

88 
75 






Ark 












9.00 


Mont 











9.00 




i 


J 










CoUi 








9S 
f3 




4.7 


6.7 


t.7 1 90 






N "'.rex 






m 

100 












Ariz 


1 




nd 


EO 
















UtHh 


1 




120 119 




5.0 


3.0 


ioo 1 EO 






Nov . . 












120 
140 

?0 

70 

'.;0 






















4.6 
4.0 

2.6 
4.0 


;).6 
4.5 

5.1 


101 
95 

96 
90 


7.35 
0.00 

7.20 


7.(X) 


Wash 




























j 






5.90 


Cal 










1 
























1 


1 


U.S.... 


91.0 


70.0 


93.4 


88. 3 


88.6 


7^-. 8 


83.6 


S'^.O 


1.0 


2.0 


70.2 


80. 5 


8.24 


7.00 



1 Production compared with a full crop. 



32 farmers' bulletin 641. 

Tablk 27. — Peanuts, hijlr corn, cowijeas: Prodnction, qvalUy, price, with coinpGrisu)is. 





Peanuts. 


Kafir 


corn. 




Cowpeas. 


Stale. 


Yield per 
acre. 


Produc- 
tion. I 


Quality. 


Price, 
Oct. 15. 


Yield of 

grain per 

acre. 


Production 
of grain. 1 


Produi'tion 
of forage. 1 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


N. Y 


Bu. 


Bu. 


P. c. 


B.C. 


B.C. 


B.C. 


CIS. 


Cts. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


B.C. 


B.C. 


B.C. 
81 

85 
81 
84 
81 

75 
88 
74 
78 
90 

87 
80 
80 
73 
83 

85 


B.C. 

74 


N.J 


























87 


Pa . 














! 










80 


Del 


























84 


Md. 


























82 


Va 


33 


40 


89 


84 


86 


90 


3.7 


4.2 








- 


83 


W. Va 










85 


N. C 


37 
57 
40 

40 


45 
35 
50 

30 


84 
82 
93 

92 


83 
85 

80 

91 


87 
89 
90 

90 


87 
84 
90 

89 


4.1 
4.7 
5.4 

4.0 


4.0 
5.0 
5.6 

5. 2 


1 






80 


s.c 








83 


Ga. . 










84 


Fla 










86 


Ohio 










85 


Ind.. . . 
























73 


Ill 
























69 


Mich . . . 
























70 


Wis . . . 
























85 


95 






















90 
83 
90 


78 


Iowa 




















""44' 


95 
68 
90 

95 

80 
85 
85 
84 

86 
82 
75 
81 
75 

84 
95 

86 
100 
100 


75 


Mo 


45 




75 




81 








30.0 


14.5 


50 


N. I>ak.. .. 








100 


S. Dak... 




























Nebr 


















26.0 
22.0 


13. .5 
5.0 


90 
81 


45 
22 


50 


Kans 


















44 


Ky 


















73 


Tenn... 


50 

45 
38 
28 
30 
37 

35 


40 

38 
37 
31 
32 

31 

41 


83 

91 

88 
84 
95 

80 

87 


74 

84 
82 
82 
78 
03 

75 


92 

93 
90 

92 
92 

87 

91 


8.3 

88 
87 
83 
80 
64 

80 


.\6 

4.8 
4.0 
3.7 
5.0 
5.2 

4.8 


4.4 

5.1 
4.9 
4.7 
5.1 
4.5 

5.8 










09 


Ala 










74 


Miss 










74 


La 






77 
125 
76 

85 
105 
104 

95 
110 

95 


""si' 

40 

76 
75 
70 
125 


54 


*rex 


31.0 
20.0 

25.0 
20.0 
27.5 
33.0 
35.0 

50.0 


27.0 
13.0 

29.0 
10.0 
22.0 
37.0 


72 


Okla 


53 


Ark 


62 


Colo . .. 


98 


N.Mex 

Ariz 


60 


50 


78 


80 


99 


94 




8.0 


80 
100 


Utah 


















95 


Nev 










































94 


Wash.. 










"• 






:::::;:::: 








87 
91 
95 


90 




























90 


Cal . 




76 


104 


98 
84.3 


90 


96 






32.0 


32.0 


95 


83 


92 












United States . 


38.0 


40.4 


89.4 


89.3 


90.7 


4.6 


4.8 


25.1 


17,0 


96.4 


52.8 













1 Production compared Mith a full crop. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 

PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

Tabt,e 2S.— Prices paid I o prodi'cers of farm pr^diut-", by iStatcs. 
[Grains, per bushel; hay, per ton; cotton, butter, and chickens, per pound; eggs, per dozen.] 



33 



j 








November 1. 


Cot 












stilt e,«. 


V.'he^t. 


dat.s. Barley. 


Rj 


e. 


Hay. 


on. 


Butter. 


Eg 


gs. 
1913 


Chick- 
.ens. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


iei4 


1914 


1913 


Maine 


Cts. 
117 

"163 


Cts. 

'iC2 
97 


Cts. 
51 
61 
54 
58 
60 

55 
50 
54 
52 
4S 

47 
58 
54 
64 
68 

71 
76 
44 
44 
44 

44 
41 
39 
39 
45 

36 
38 
39 
43 
52 

52 
G8 
63 

or 
47 

42 
55 
39 
48 
47 

62 
65 
40 
45 
33 

38 

40 
50 


Cts. 
54 
56 
52 
55 


Cts. 
80 
80 
90 
97 


Cts. 

77 
80 
75 


Cis 


Cis. 


Dolls. 
13.00 
15.90 
14.20 
20.50 
21.20 

20.70 
14. CO 
19. 60 
14. 40 
16.50 

14.70 

16. 70 
17. 30 

17. 80 
IG.GO 

17.60 
16.00 
13.30 
14.10 
14.20 

12.20 
9.70 
6.10 
10.00 
14.00 

5.00 
6.00 
6. 70 

8.90 


Dolls. 

13.80 
16. 50 
13. 60 
21.50 
22. 30 

18.50 
14 60 
19. 50 
14.20 
10. 50 

15. .50 


as 


Cts. 


CIS. 
32 
34 
34 
37 
36 

36 
33 
35 
32 
34 

29 
25 
26 
25 
25 

24 
34 
27 
21 
27 

28 
30 
28 
27 
23 

25 

26 
25 
25 
21 

21 
21 
23 
27 
22 

23 
24 
34 
30 
31 

32 
39 
31 
34 
33 

35 
34 
34 


Cts. 

34 
35 
34 
36 
37 

36 
34 
36 
34 
34 

29 
26 
27 
25 
20 

26 
34 
28 
25 
27 

28 
30 
29 
28 
24 

28 
28 
20 
27 
22 

21 
23 
23 
29 
25 

25 
25 
35 
32 
31 

34 
37 
30 
40 
34 

34 
35 
35 


Cts. 

36 
40 
34 
47 
45 

48 
37 
39 
32 
33 

29 
25 
2-. 
2:5 
24 

34 
31 
20 
24 
23 

2' 
24 
23 
21 
20 

22 
22 
21 
20 
21 

20 
22 
22 
23 
19 

19 
21 
35 
30 
31 

31 
4? 
27 

45 
30 

37 
34 
41 


Cts. Cts. 
40 14. 
42 14.7 

36 14. 6 
4917.0 

44 k;. 

45 18. 
38 15.3 
40 17. 9 
34 14. 6 
34 13.7 

1 

29 14. 6 

26 13. 5 

27 14. 

24 12. 4 

25 13. 4 
1 

26 14. 1 

30 16. 1 

29 11.8 

27 10. 9 

26 11. 1 
1 

27 12. 

24 11.4 

25 10. 1 

23 10. 2 

24 10.5 

25 9.6 

24 9.9 

22 9.9 

25 10.0 

23 10. 8 

22 10. 7 

23 13. 4 

23 13. 2 

24 14.0 
2310.7 

22 9.5 

23 10. 3 
3815.0 
3512.6 
3014. 6 

31)14.7 

34 17.8 

30 12. 1 

46 21. 
3111.0 

37 12.0 

35 13. 3 


Cts. 
15.1 


New Hampshire 

Vermont 


80 
82 
95 

no 

100 
88 
»} 
.82 
88 

81 
80 
94 
96 
130 

120 
188 
81 
77 
81 

82 
79 

78 
74 
87 

75 
69 
69 
76 
95 

103 
134 

88 

'ioo 

sr 

107 

67 
68 
60 

82 


115 

75 
110 
125 

93 
72 
72 
73 
80 

72 

80 
88 
98 

131 

"fiO 
62 
62 

62 
57 
49 
05 
75 

48 
52 
56 


15.3 






14.1 

17.4 




120 

100 
104 
110 
x04 
108 

103 
109 
108 

140 

12f 


"93 
9i 
91 

8S 

89 
95 
99 
lOG 
137 

131 


::::;;:: 


17 




51 
45 
47 
45 
45 

47 
40 
53 
64 

68 

07 
72 
39 
38 
37 

39 

I'i 
34 
42 

29 
33 
37 

4" 
51 

55 
67 
63 
50 
47 

4- 
53 
33 
41 

4ij 

55 
52 
38 
53 










18.0 




71 

85 
67 


71 
"02 






16. R 


New J er.se V 






17.9 




14 H 






13.6 




60 


65 




15 3 


Virginia 

West Virsjinia 

North Carolma 

South Carolina 

Geortria 


76 77 
85 ... . 


14.80 
14. 50 
16. 00 
16.70 

18. OC 
18.00 
12. 50 


7. 13. 1 

.. ..!.... 
6. 5! 13. 5 


14.3 
13.5 
V) 


118 
135 


132 
139 


6.6 

6.2 
12.5 


13.4 

13.5 
15.3 


14.5 

13.1 
17,0 


( >hio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michiran 

Wisconsin 


104 
102 
101 

103 
10.1 
100 
9(1 
99 

97 

or 

92 
94 
102 

108 
127 
100 


88 
87 
84 

87 
81 
7ti 
75 
85 

72 
71 
71 
SO 
95 

100 
115 
135 


56 
01 

58 

03 
69 
50 
53 
80 

42 
49 
42 
44 

77 

9") 
97 


56 
52 
54 

58 
61 
51 
57 
58 

42 
49 
47 
56 

78 

65 
80 


12.1 


13. 80 
13.70 

13.20 
10.50 
6.50 
9. 6-0 
13.90 

5.80 
0.30 
8.00 
12. 60 
16.20 

16. 90 
14.80 
13.40 
12.90 
11.80 

10.10 
13. 70 
8.50 
7.00 
9.30 

12.50 
10.50 
8.30 
8.70 
7.40 

10.10 
9.00 
13.50 






11 4 






11,6 






11 8 


""■■|"""' 


11 4 






10.6 








10 S 




6.2 


11.5 


10.7 


Nortli Dakota 


10 4 


South Dakota 






10 n 








10 3 








9 8 




I 83 16.80 






11 3 


Tennessee 

.' labar.a. 


101 
138 

162 

97 
108 
64 
50 
57 


17.00 
14.00 
12.20 
12.20 
9.30 

8.20 
12.80 
8.10 
8.30 
8.50 

10.70 
8.50 
8.20 
9.00 
6.90 

10.00 

8.50 
7.70 


6.1 
6.2 
6.1 


13.5 
13.4 
13 5 


11.3 
12.7 
1? 8 




"56 

48 

"(io 

62 
66 

60 
60 
45 

75 


76 

76 

"56 
55 
53 

114 
70 
50 
72 
54 

60 
54 
07 


6.2 13.2 
6. 2 12. 5 

6. 12. 5 

6. 1 12. 9 


1.^ n 


Texas 


97 

94 
10" 
92 
8C 
81 

10] 
lOC 
81 

loe 

74 

9! 
95 
lOC 


92 

81 
87 
63 
72 
74 

82 
110 
65 
90 

62 

71 
70 
91 


10,6 


Oklahoma 


9.0 
11 




14 






11 n 






13 






14 4 








17 9 


Utah 


6b 


55 






11 5 




''I n 


Idaho 


37 49 

41 52 
39 6f 
65 53 


70 

70 
89 
95 


60 

57 
74 

75 






I' 1 








13 *> 


< )re"'on 






19 q 








4016.015.7 










1 _.J 


United States. 


m.'i 


77.0 


42.5 


37.9 51.3 


64.7 


80. 6|63. 2 


11.71 


12.20 


6.3'l3.0 


27.2 


28.2 


25.2 


27.4 11.9 

l__ 


1- 



34 



FAEMEKS' BULLETIX Gil. 



Table 20. — Prices pair! to prodiicers of farm products, hy Stales— i'owiinwi'A. 
[Milch cow:3 and horses, pei' head; turkey;;, per pouud; others, per 100 pound.] 





October 15. 




Hogs. 


Beef 
cattle. 


Veal 
calves. 


Sheep. 


Lambs. 


Milch cows. 


Horses. Turkeys. 


States. 








' 














4- 




4- 




4- 




4- i 




4- 




4- 




4- 








1914 


year 
aver- 


1914 


year 
aver- 


1914 


ycai 
aver- 


1914 


year 
aver- 


1914 


year 
aver- 


1914 


yeai- 
aver- 


1914 


year 
aver- 


1914 


1913 






age. 




age. 




asre. 




age. 1 




age. 




age. 




age. 








OoZ/s 


Dolh 


DoUs 


Dolls 


Dolls 


Dolls 


Dolh 


Dolls 


Dolls 


DoUs 


Dolls. 


Dolh. 


Dolls. 


Dolls. 


Ofs 


Cts. 


Me 


8.20 
S.SO 


7.45 
7. So 


7.40 
7.30 


6.75 
6.35 


8.70 
8.40 


7.70 

7.48 


4.20 
5.40 


3.80 
4.65 


6.40 
7.00 


5.65 
6.48 


55.00 
60.70 


49.48 
56.82 


195 
170 


19-1! 2i.O 
168| 24.0 


16.5 


N.H 


25.0 


Vt . . 


7.90 
9.10 
9 70 


7. .50 
9.15 


5.60 
6,90 


5. 02 
7.12 

6.88 


8.00 
9.20 
10 00 


6.88 
9.12 
9.75 


4.00 
5.00 
5.00 


3.35 


6.10 
7.50 
6.90 


5.20 


56.00 
70.00 
77.50 


47. 25 
51. 05 

64.25 


165 
215 


170 14.0 
182 1S.0 


15.0 


Mas.s 




E I 


9 lol s w 


.. io9 nl 9n /» 




IJ.OO 
8.10 

\).r.o 


8.93 
7.88 
9.45 


9.80 
6.60 
7.60 


8.33 
5.50 
7. IS 


11.00 
10.00 
10.00 


9.20 

8. 58 
8.75 


'i'so 

5.00 


6.57 

3.87 






74.90 
66.40 
77.00 


57.50 
53.32 
61.15 


200 
175 
175 


201 
176 
174 


26. 
19.0 
20.0 


28.0 


N. Y 


7.00 

7.25 


5.75 


14.4 


N.J 


22.5 


Pa 


S.70 


S.40 


7.30 


6.02 


9.50 


8.10 


5.10 


4.58 


6.80 


4.92 


62.50 


52.15 


168 


169 


18.7 


17.8 


Del 


8.80 

9.00 
8.00 

s.oo 


S.70 

7.75 
7.30 

7.55 


5.90 

7.00 
6.10 
6.70 


6.10 

5.42 
4.92 

5.28 


9.80 

9.70 
8.40 
8.10 


9.08 

8.85 
6.95 
6.98 


5.30 

4.00 
4.20 
4.20 


4.60 

4.05 
3.98 
3.90 


6.90 

6.90 
6.20 
6.00 


7.03 

6.58 
5.70 
5.12 


58.70 

53.80 
47.50 
51.40 


47.00 

39. 68 
39.08 
41.65 


134 

125 
133 
138 


137 

136 

142 
142 


20.0 

'is." 5 

16,0 


25.0 


Md 


19.0 


Va 


15.9 


W. Va 


15.2 


N.C 


8. r,o 


7.80 


5. 30 


4.00 


6.00 


4.98 


4. SO 


4.20 


5.70 


4.90 


44.00 


33.05 


150 


149 


14.7 


14.2 


S. V. 


8.40 

8.00 
7.00 
7.80 

7. SO 


7.50 

7.25 
6.18 
7.80 
7. 72 


4.80 

4.70 
5.20 
7.00 
6.80 


4.02 

3.80 

4. 88 
5.78 
5.40 


5.20 

6.00 
6.10 
9.00 
8.40 


4.80 

4.65 

5.72 
7.98 
7.15 


5.00 

5.00 
5.10 
4.40 
4.00 


4.85 

4.35 
4.18 
3.58 
3.50 


5.50 

6.00 
0.00 
0.50 
6.30 


6.22 

5.28 

"5." 50 
5. 45 


39.70 

38.80 
47.10 
60. 10 
54.90 


37.25 

33.95 
41.02 
51.28 
47.10 


156 

145 
140 
147 
137 


177 

157 
151 
162 
150 


15.5 

16.5 
17.0 
14.9 
13.8 


16.1 


Ga 


16.2 


Fla 


17.4 


Ohio 


15.5 


lud 


14.6 


Ill 


7.40 


7.62 


7.20 


5.78 


8.50 


7.28 


4.50 


3.85 


6.30 


5.48 


64,80 


49.42 


138 


152 


14.4 


15.1 


Mich 


7. SO 


7. 55 


6.40 


4.98 


8.50 


7. 58 


4. .50 


3.82 


6.40 


5.68 


59.00 


47.02 


161 


170 


14.8 


16.2 


Wis 


7.30 


7.50 


5. 90 


4.78 


S. 60 


7.42 


4.80 


3.80 


6. 50 


6.50 


69.50 


52.35 


172 


167 


13.8 


14.5 


Minn 


7.20 


7.18 


5. 60 


4.42 


7. (>0 


6.28 


4.3(1 


3. 88 


6.00 


5.25 


60.70 


45. 62 


149 


159 


13.4 


13.5 


Iowa 


7.20 


7. 40 


7.40 


6. 0(1 


8.10 


6.82 


4.7(1 


4. 02 


6.30 


5.42 


62.50 


51.08 


149 


163 


13.1 


13.5 


Mo 


7.20 


7.35 


6.90 


5.62 


7.20 


6.28 


4.30 


3.80 


6.10 


5.05 


56. 90 


46.25 


109 


124 


13.1 


13.2 


N. Dak 


6. SO 


6.85 


5.80 


4.58 


7.40 


5. 98 


4.80 


4.38 


5. 70 


5.52 


65.80 


48.00 


134 


143 


13.4 


14.2 


S. Dak 


6. SO 


7.20 


6.30 


5.32 


7. 60 


6.12 


4.60 


4.18 


6.10 


5.22 


63.90 


48.10 


115 


132 


14.2 


13.2 


Nclir 


7.00 


7.28 


7.10 


5.5t 


8.20 


6.55 


4. SO 


4.55 


6.10 


5. & 


68.20 


50. 70 


122 


128 


14.1 


13.8 


Kaus 


7.20 


7.35 


6.90 


5. 45 


8. OC 


6. 30 


4.90 


4.70 


6.50 


5.72 


64. 0(1 


49.42 


110 


126 


12.0 


12.3 


Ky 


7.60 


7.35 


6.30 


4.88 


7.60 


6.25 


3.90 


3.48 


5.90 


4.y8 


60.00 


38.45 


119 


126 


13.0 


13.7 


Tenu.. 


7.40 
7.60 


7.10 
6.88 


5.90 
4.20 


4.18 
3. 20 


7.00 

5. 50 


5.08 
4.30 


4.00 
4.80 


3.32 
3.68 


5. SO 
5.70 


4.50 
4.68 


45. 80 
38.30 


36.70 
31.18 


132 

127 


146 
134 


11.9 
14.0 


12.6 


Ala 


14.9 


Miss 


6. SO 

6. SO 


6.68 
6.38 


4.50 
6.00 


3. 52 
4.15 


5.80 
6.20 


4.48 
.5.35 


3.50 
5.00 


3.58 
4.10 


4.60 

7.00 


4.40 
5. 12 


40. 70 
39. 20 


30.98 

32.68 


108 
101 


120 
89 


14.6 
14.5 


13.2 


La 


14.4 


Tex 


7.10 


7.02 


5.50 


4.32 


6.60 


5.28 


4.60 


3.98 


5.60 


5. 10 


52.80 


43.28 


87 


94 


10.8 


11.7 


Okla 


6.90 


7.25 


5. 50 


4.,-0 


6.70 


5.60 


4.40 


3. 92 


5. 50 


5.12 


55.10 


44.12 


97 


106 


10.5 


10.5 


Ark 


fi.4C 


6.25 


4.80 


3. 70 


6. 00 


4.88 


4.00 


3. 42 


5.00 


4.40 


42.40 


32.25 


98 


110 


12. ;i 


12.9 


Mont 


7.20 


7.80 


6.90 


5.92 


7. 50 


7.65 


5.5C 


4.85 


5.70 


5.52 


72.00 


58.82 


122 


136 


15.8 


18.0 


Wvo 


7.60 
7.70 


7. 75 
7.42 


7.00 
0.00 


5, 60 
5.25 


9.80 
7.50 


7.98 
7.08 


5. 50 
4.40 


4.20 
4.08 


6.60 
6.00 


5.48 
5.48 


83.20 
77.00 


61.28 
54. 42 


92 
105 


108 
113 


16.0 
15.5 


18.6 


Colo 


16.0 


N. Mex 


7.80 


7.72 


6.00 


5.42 


7.10 


8.08 


4.70 


4.20 


5.70 


4.98 


67.50 


51.65 


80 


83 


16.0 


16.8 


Ariz 


8.00 


8.00 


6. 00 


5.32 


6. S{ 


5. S3 


3. 60 


4.20 


5.2(1 


5.50 


90.00 


72.40 


105 


113 


21. C 


21.0 


Utah 


7.ro 
9.2( 


7.28 
8.1.=^ 


.-. 80 
7.00 


5.10 
5. 65 


8.80 
9.00 


8.15 
6.40 


5.20 
5.20 


4.72 
4.22 


5.90 
6.50 


5.48 
5.22 


69.30 
83. 00 


50.30 
65.60 


111 

150 


114 
132 


15.0 
23.0 


14.7 


Nev 


20.0 


Idaho ■-.. 


6.90 


7.42 


5.70 


5.38 


8.00 


6.82 


4.70 


4.08 


5.60 


5.02 


77. 50 


58.00 


115 


130 


15.0 


15.9 


Wash 


7.2C 


8.15 


6.00 


5.45 


8.60 


7.88 


4.90 


4.32 


5.70 


5.30 


75.00 


62.35 


135 


146 


19.0 


19.8 


Oreg 


7.00 
7.90 


8.08 
7.38 


6.20 
6.50 


5.45 
5.82 


7. 50 
7.90 


6.90 
6.58 


6.00 
5.10 


4.60 
4.60 


6.50 
6.00 


5.00 
5.35 


66.30 
75.00 


54.70 

55.82 


100 
120 


114 

140 


16.8 
19.0 


15.2 


Cal 


24.0 


r.s 


7.43 


7.37 


j 6.28 


1 5.09 


7.97 


6.80 


4.81j 4.18 


6.09 


5.35 


59. 53 


47.42 


130. 56 


139. 9C 


14.1 


14.6 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



35 



Table 30. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, bij States — * 'outiuiied. 

[Beans, onions, tomatoes, peaches, and pears, per bushel; cabbages, per 100 pounds; grapes and hoiief, 

per pound.] 



Maine 

New Hampshire . 
Vermont.. 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island . . . . 



Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylva-iia . . 
Delaware 



Dols. Doh. 
3.1.5 



Maryland 

Virgmia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina. . . 
South Carolina... 



Georgia. 
Florida . 

Ohio 

Indiana . 
Illinois.. 



Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee. . 
Alabama. . . 
Mississippi. 
Louisiana . . 
Texas 



Oklahoma . . . 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wj'omLng. . . 
Colorado". 



New Mexico . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 



Washington. 

(J'^egon 

Caliifoniia 



UnitedStates 



October 15. 



Beaus 

(dry). 



2.90 
3.40 
2.90 
2.75 

2.70 
2.5.5 
2.70 
2.70 
2.40 

'i. 25 
2.t)0 
2.90 

2.2. 
2..«0 

2.25 
3.00 
2.45 
2.60 
2. .50 

1. .S4 

2. .35 
2.40 

2.75 
2. S5 

3.00 
2. So 
2.90 

2. r-.h 

2.50 

2.O.' 
2.50 



3. .30 
2.90 

2.80 
2.70 
3.00 
3.40 
2.30 

2.40 
2.50 
3.00 
3.00 
2. SO 

3.00 
3.10 
2.40 



2.75 
2.50 
3. 30 



2.60 
2.41 
2.43 
2. 5S 
2^50 

2.40 
2.34 
2.59 
2.14 
3 

2.34 
3.00 
2.47 
2.40 
2.56 

1.78 
2.09 
2.09 
2.4 
2. 8S 

2.90 
2.50 
2.80 
2.73 
2. 36 

2.43 
2.23 



Cab- 
bages. 



Cts. 
100 
130 



2.70 
2.91 

2.09 
2.80 
3.30 
2.78 
2.45 

2.30 
2.80 
2.90 
3.40 
2.80 

3.00 
3.00 
3.20 



90 
75 

150 
45 

75 
140 
150 

125 
190 
160 
170 
200 

200 
310 
140 
140 
160 

120 
125 
195 
195 
180 

275 
235 
ISO 
150 
200 

200 
230 
270 
250 
260 

225 
300 
155 
225 
60 



Cts. 
125 
161 
312 
150 
120 



120 
110 

165 
150 

230 
1& 
199 
201 
235 

220 
2:50 

190 
240 
240 

110 

90 

150 

2,S5 
280 

310 
330 
220 

255 
230 

221 
290 
260 
300 
300 

270 
310 
1.50 
212 
150 



190 210 

250 250 

220 210 

2i)0 195 



150 150 
200 160 

149.. 



130.7168.8 



Onions. 



1914 1913 1914 1913 



Toma- 
toes. 



as. 

99 
80 
6b 
60 

66| 

60 
60 
65 

85 
110 

150 
100 
110 
94 
140 

135 
210 

a' 
so 

100 

64 

85 
85 
110 
125 

155 
125 
115 
110 
105 

90 
120 
100 

85 
140 

125 
115 
1.30 
165 

40 

140 
130 
llO 
150 
80 

80 
115 
70 

88.3 



Cts. 
105 
108 
100 
117 
114 

100 
103 
97 
95 
105 



Cis. 
90 

&5 
100 
100 

80 

65 
51 
40 
67 
29 



92 47 

90 60 

112 6. 

84 90 

110 110 



88 
86 
90 
115 
1.30 



150 150 
\ib\ 105 

llOl 95 
160| 110 
110| 55 

96! 50 
1251 80 
125 100 
150 . 
1.35 140 

120 130 
120 70 
115] 100 
1601 150 
115j 95 

150 130 

120 205 

150 80 

150] 16.: 

114 ISO 

95 100 
114 100 

83 



Cis. 
80 
124 
150 
105 
120 

100 

75 
49 



1914 1913 



Cts 
100 



150 
13.'^ 
110 
130 



100 
125 
100 
110 

135 
100 
140 
120 
100 

110 
12; 



135 
90 



150 
130 
90 

97 
90 
95 
88 
110 

107 
91 



100 



124 
210 



210 
105 



CU 

"iso 



Pears. 



200 
1.50 

140 
134 
200 
200 



100 
200 
244 
115 
375 

187 
100 
186 
125 
117 



Cts. 
100 

110 
150 
95 
100 

88 
78 
50 
82 
2S 

70 
70 
87 
83 
97 

100 
100 

80 
73 
8.5 



150 8.5 
170 95 
130.... 
101 125 
89 94 



127 
122 
125 

169 
112 
100 
89 
132 



195 
280 
150 
200 
115 

100 

97 

144 



Ci.t 



Grapes. 



Cts. 



11.0 3.5 
9. . . 
2.5 3.5 
2.8 3.0 
3.0 2.8 



3.0 4.0 
4.5j.... 

2.1 1.1 



Honey 
(comb). 



Cts 
20 

20 
19 
20 



Cts. 
19 
19 

19 
20 

25 

18 
14 
17 
15 
13 

16 
14 
17 
14 
12 

12 
13 
16 
16 
15 

14 
15 
15 
15 
15 

18 
17 
16 
16 

15 

14 
10 
12 
11 
12 

15 
12 
13 
12 
12 

12 
12 
12 
12 
12 

15 
12 
12 



Honey 
(ex- 
tract). 



1914 1913 



Cts. 



36 



FAKMEKS BULLETIN 641. 



Tabkk 'Vi. — PrireH paid to proihirers of farm products, by States — CcmtiniR'd. 
[Hay, per ton; seeds and soy beans, per bushel.] 



Maine 

Now Hampshire. 
Vermont 

Massachusetts — 



Connecticut... 

New York 

New Jersey . . . 
Pennsylvania. 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 



Georgia. 
Florida. 
Ohio.... 
Indiana. 
Iliiiiois.. 



Michigan... 
Wisconsin. . 
Minnesota.. 

Iowa 

Missomi 



North Dakota. 
South Dakota. 

Neliraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

iTexas 



Oklahoma. 
Arkansas . . 
Montana.., 
Wyoming. 
Colorado . . 



New Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idiilio 



Washington. 

Oregon 

Calilornia — 



United States-. . 



October 15, 



Tim- 
othy 

1914. 



Clover 
hav, 
1914. 



Dolls 
13. 10 
10. 40 
14.00 
20.50 

20.00 
10.50 

17. SO: 

14.50 
10.50 

15.00 

18.70 
18.30 
20. 70 
20. 00 

22.20 
22. 00 
14.50 
15.70 
14.90 

12.00 
10.50 
8.40 
11.10 
14.80 

8.50 
8.50 
9.70 
10. 401 
18.40 

18.70 
20.00 



11.30 
17.70 
12. 20 
10. CO 

11.50 



10.30 
20.80 
10.50 

12.30 

10. ooi 
7.00 



Al- 
falfa 
hav, 
1914. 



Prai- 
rie 
hay, 
1914. 



Timothy 
seed. 



.\lfalfaseed. Cotton seed. 



1914 1913 1914 1913 



Dolls. Dolls.\DoUs 
I G.OO' 



22.00 

14.70 
19.00 
14.00 
10.00 



12. CO 

10.30 19.40! 10.00 

20.30 

22.00 



15. 40 
18.00 



19.10 
25.00 
11.20 
13.40 
13.40 

10.30 
9.10 
8.20 
9.70 

13.20 

8.00 
8.80 

10.10 
9.50 

10.20 

17.80 
19. 00 
13.50 



13.50 
15.00 



15.60 
15.00 



1.5. 20 . . . 
1. 5.901 10.00 
IO.20I 11.70 



12.00... 
13.00 7.00 
9. 201 6. CO 
11. 00 8. 90 
15.00 11.00 



13.50 
9.00 
9. 00 
9.50 

18.10 

20.00 
20.00 
20.00 



5.80 
0.10 

7. 
8.00 



13.00 12.00 
14.30 14.30 



12.00 
10. 70 
10.50 
8.20 



17. 50 
8.10 



10.50 
8.00 



13. 6G 12. 47 



11.60 

10.80 

9.90 

7.30 

0. 00 

9.20 
12. 30 

8.50 
10.70 

6.70 

10.70 
7.00 
7.00 



8.96 



11.00 
10.00 
8.00 
9.50 

8.30 
11.20 

9.90 
10. 90 
10.00 

10. 50 
10. 50 

7.70 
17.00 

7. CO 

10.00 
7.00 



7,59 



3.25 
3.20 



2.90 
3.00 

3.00 
2.90 
3. 
3.25 



2. to 
2.80 
2.00 

2.50 
2.30 
2.50 
2.20 
2.95 

2.40 
1.75 
2. 70 
2.90 
3.111 

3. 10 



2.05 
2.70 



Dolls. 



2.71 
3. 2,i 



2.70 
2.90 
3.00 



Dolls 



Dolls 



10.30 
9." 26 



2. 29 9. 01 
2. 50 9. 00 
2. 35 9. 81 



2.50 
2.10 
1.97 
1.95 
2.50 

2.f>0 
1.78 
3.04 
2. CO 
2.05 

3.00 



2.30 



3.00 
1.05 



2.34 



1.80 



2.02 



8.70 
8. 30 
10. Oi 
9..5C 
8.00 



8, 
8.0t 
0. CO 
9.00 

10. 5C 



10.0 

6.80 



8.10 
7.4^ 
8. 5C 



8.00 

7.80 



y.ii4 
7. 50 
5.40 
8.70 

9.00 



9. CO 

7.00 
7.00 

6.00 
8.80 
6.00 
8.00 
7.30 



6.00 
8.00 



7.29 



8. 59 

6.25 
10.00 
8.00 
7.00 
8.00 

6.30 
7. SO 
7.10 
7.20 
7.20 



7.80 
6.00 



1914 



28.30 



18. CO 
17.50 



15.60 
15. 00 



1913 



Dolls. 



Dolls 



24. 00 
25. IC 



22.30 

20.70 



15.70 
14.80 
15.80 
16.10 
14.00 

12.90 
15. 20 



24.20 
22.00 
21. -50 
19.00 
21. 00 



15.28 



21.40 

20. 8u 



Soy bean ; 



1914 1913 



Dolls. 



2. 55 
2.50 
1. 
2.00 

2.4C 



2.25 
2.1c 



1.C5 



1.55 
1. 



1.60 
2.5i. 
l.i 



2.25 



3.00 

'i'.ho 



1.15 

i'is 

3.00 

2.35 
2.12 
2.25 
1.53 
l.(,2 

2.10 



1.98 
2.25 
1.3 J 



1.9G 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



37 



Table 32.— I'ricen p(J.d to proclncfs of farm products, hy States — ConrliicKil. 
. [Nuts and seeds, per bushel; bran and meal, per ton.] 







T''rices paid to producers, 
Oct. lo. 


Prices paid by producer .<, Oct. l.i. 


State. 


Walnuts 
(black). 


Hickory Pe- 
nuts. cans. 


Chest- 
nuts. 


Bran. 


Cotton- r Clover 
seed meal. seed. 


Timothy 
seed. 


Alfalfa 
seed. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 1 1914 

1 


1914 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 1914 ' 1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


Me 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Dots. 


Dots. 


Dolls 
29.70 
28. 30 


Dolls 
29.30 
27.80 

27. 20 
29.00 
28.50 

30.00 
27.10 

28. eo 

27.30 
30.00 

27.10 
28.00 
31). on 
31. 10 
31.50 

31.40 
32.30 
27.20 
26.20 
25.30 

26.70 
24.30 
22.40 
24. 70 
25.20 

22.40 
22.80 
23 80 


Dolls 
34.00 
32.20 
32.40 
33. SO 
33.20 

31.80 
34.50 
33.90 


1 
Dolb Dolls Dolls 
30. 70; 13. 00 12. .50 
35.70,10.8012.06 
.34.40 10.20 10.50 

36.00 13.00 

36.30'12. 00 14. 40 


Dolls 
3.40 
3.40 
3.50 
3.60 
3.20 

3. .50 
3.50 
3.40 
3.40 
3.70 

3.20 
3.30 
3.50 
3.50 


Dolls 
3.30 
3.4f 
3.45 

'3.'c6 

3.62 
3.24 
3.00 
2.92 
3.13 

2.95 
3.15 
3.2( 
3.10 


Dolh 


Dolls 


N.H 


















Vt 








150 
200 






27.60 
28. SO 
28.10 

28.30 
28.00 
28.00 
28. 10 
33.50 

29.00 
2.S. 40 
29.70 
30.70 
32.20 

31.80 
32. 20 
28.40 
27.00 
25.60 

28. 40 
24.00 
24.00 
2.5. 10 
24. 40 

24.70 
24.10 
23.50 
21.60 
27.60 

27.30 
31.90 
32.20 
25.50 












200 




3.50 






R. I 






1 




Conn 

N. Y 

N.J 


300 
50 
162 

It 


"lis 

79 
78 
62 

100 
55 
65 
73 
97 

71 

' ' '03 
CO 
68 

55 

m 

82 
69 
61 


200 
200 
250 
180 

150 
75 

110 
94 

100 

100 
100 
115 
120 
145 

100 
150 

"iso 

75 


220 

200! 

1.50! 


3.00 
.3.80 
2.50 
3.20 
3.25 

1.80 
2.10 
2.50 
1.70 
2.20 

2.50 

'""3.'26 
2.50 


34.00 
34.00 
.35. SO 


13. 00 14. 20 
11.4010.20 
11. 60 12. CO 
10.60; 9.30 
' S.S3 

10. 25 

10.70; 9.70 
11.00 10.50 
11.20, 9.80 
13.50 


14.00 
10.40 
10. 8( 
10. 2( 
11.50 


10.00 
10.00 


Pa 


175 
65 




33.7033.30 
34. ai|30. 00 

32. 00 33. .50 
31.10 32.20 
34.00 33.80 
29. 20 32. 30 
25. 00 28. 90 

26. 20128. 80 
29. 60 32. 40 
33. 00 33. 80 
32. 70 33. 10 
30. 00 31. 20 

33. 70 33. 70 
32. 60 34. ."^O 
31.70 33.00 
30. 30 32. 30 
28. 00 31. 70 

28. 00 25 00 


10 10 


Del 


9 25 


Md 




Va 


50 
75 
80 
90 

87 
50 
60 
68 
69 

50 


75 
150 

76 
86 

82 
50 
125 
125 
1.30 

110 
125 
95 
145 
103 


3.00 

'4.16 
3.30 

5.90 
4.50 

'4.' 66 

4.40 


10.10 
11.10 

11.20 


8.94 
10.30 

8.50 
11 67 


W. Va 

N.C 

S. C 


Ga 


9 (X) 


Fla 


1 








Ohio 

Ind 


9.25! 7.3.5 
9.901 7.70 
9.90' 8.10 

10.50 8.50 
S.COI 8.30 
10.5015.00 

9.60; 8.20 
10..50| 9.30 

'i9 no 


3.10 
3.40 
3.25 

3.30 
2.90 
3.00 

2.(« 
3.30 

9 40 


2.84 
2.85 
2.80 

3.00 
2.70 

2.05 
2. 25 
2.95 

3 75 


9.90 
10. 10 
10. 2( 

10.30 
9.60 
12. 20 
10. (XI 
10.00 


8.92 
8 40 


Ill 

Mich 


8. .50 
9 .50 


Wis 






9 50 


Minn 


100 
90 
51 






9 00 


Iowa 






9 00 


Mo 







10 50 


N. Dak 


12 50 


S. Dak 

Nebr 


125 
80 

75 
55 

60 
65 
70 


110 
92 
95 
47 

60 
80 
92 

88 
75 

106 
65 


200 

"ioo 

95 

85 
85 
75 

""75 

70 
80 


150 
135 
130 
100 

89 
100 
92 

88 
79 

1.50 
75 


6.50 




32.00 31.30| 9.66l0.50! 2.10 
31 4nss 40 19 no 10 on a no 


2.50 
3. .50 
2. f 5 
3.00 

3.25 
3.50 


9. .50 

8.80 

7. CO 
9.70 

10.60 
12.50 
11.40 
12. 00 
10.10 

8. .30 
9.10 

12.00 
8.50 


10.50 

8 50 


Kans 

Kv 


3.75 
3.75 

5.00 
5.20 
5.40 
3.60 
3.96 

3.05 
3.00 


""2.'26 

1.55 
2.60 
2.00 


24.00 27. 80 .■^3. i6| 10.26 9.20 3.50 
28.40 30.10.30.4010.60 9.60 3.20 

28.90; 29.50 30.90|11.0o! 9.80 3.40 
29.50 27 OoIm 8019 ^F.^^ m' i m 


6. 10 
9.10 

9.00 
12.00 


Tenn 

Ala 


Miss 

La 


30. 50 

97 30 


28.20 30.2010.00; 

26. (50 31. 10 i 




Tex 


65 

85 
60 


28.00 30.10 

23.50 27.00 
27. .30 27.20 
2(i.00 2:^.40 
25.50 25 80 


26. 20 32. 00 


1 ■ 


9 60 


Okla 


2.5.70 
26.70 


30.30 
29. 60 


1 




6.00 
3.20 
2.30 


8.50 


Ark 


13.2011.20 
7.8011.00 
9 00' 


4.00 
2.20 
3.00 


10 .50 


Mont 


11 50 


Wyo 
















32. .50 
35. 30 

3.5.50 
46.50 


12 00 


Colo 




150 










25.00, 25.50 29.80 






8.00 


N. Mex 












32.60 32.70 
37.70: 42.40 
24.20 20.70 


,34. 00 
39. 50 











7.00 
9.00 
8.10 
8. 70 
8.70 

11 on 


6 70 


Ariz 

















12 00 


Utah 


















3.50 
3.75 
2.60 

4.20 
3.60 
4.40 


"2.'46 
4 00 


8 00 


Nev 














37.50 


.33. 40 

9JM¥) 


35.00 
39 00 








10 20 


Idaho 




100 










24.60 


52.00 


9.00 
12 30 


9.00 
1"; on 


9 60 


Wash 












26.70 24.60 
25.80 24.30 
29.80 28.80 


14 00 


Oreg 










7.00 




37.00 

36.00 


12.00 7.10 
16. 00 


4. 50 10. 80 
in 90 


10 20 


Cal 


75 








10 10 




















V.S.. 


68.0 


68.8 


111.7 


117.6 


4.08 


2.40 


26.71 26.52 


29. 44 31. 94 


10.32 


9.32 


3.19 


2.85 


8.97 


8.73 



38 FAKMEES' BULLETIN 641. 

Table 33. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Product. 


Oct. 1.5— 


Nov. 


1^ 


Sept. 15- 


- 


1914 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1910 


1913 


1912 


1914 


1913 


1912 


Hogs 

Beef cattle 

Veal calves 

Sheep 

Lambs 

Turkeys 

Milch cows 

Horses 

Honey comb 

Honey, extract... 

Wool, unwashed. 
Wool, washed 


per 100 lbs.. 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

pei lb.. 

..per head.. 

do 

per lb.. 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

per bu. . 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

per lb.. 

per bu.. 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

per ICO lbs.. 
...per ton. . 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

perbu.. 

do 

do.... 

per ton.. 

do 

per lb.. 

per bu. . 

do 

do.... 

per ton.. 

3al do 


S7. 43 
6.23 
7.97 
4.81 
6.09 

.146 

59. 53 

131.00 

.135 

.112 

.180 
.237 
.68 
1.12 
2.40 

4.08 
.045 
.56 

1.05 
.80 

2.17 

2.08 

.79 

.60 

.88 

1.31 
13. 66 

12 •17 


$7.60 
6.05 
7.72 
4.16 
5.51 

.146 
56.47 
138.00 
.139 
.116 

.155 
.226 
.69 
1.18 


$7.70 
5.36 
6.90 
4.19 
5.42 

.136 

47.30 

140.00 

.136 

.123 

.185 
.232 
.66 
1.06 


86.09 
4.32 
6.15 
3.68 
4.68 


$8.08 
4.64 
6.41 

4.68 
5.78 


$7.33 
5.99 
7.70 
4.27 
5.64 

.152 
57.71 
136.00 
.141 
.118 

.156 
.225 
.70 
1.27 


$7.05 
5.22 
6.77 
4.05 
5.37 

.144 

47.38 
139.00 
.138 
.120 

.186 
.244 
.65 
1.12 


$8. 11 
6.38 
8.06 
4.80 
6.27 


$7.68 
5.92 
7. 73 
4.23 
5.51 


87.47 
5.35 
0.83 
4.11 
5.49 


42.69 
137.00 
.137 
.122 

.155 
.228 


43.20 
144. 00 
.133 
.119 

.181 
.258 


59.58 

132. 00 

.137 

.112 

.136 
.227 


55.78 
141.00 

.138 
.119 

.158 
.214 


46.79 
141. 00 
.135 
.116 

.187 
.238 














































Peanut-s 

Apples 


.048 
.86 
1.45 
.96 

2.25 
1.96 
.78 
.73 
1.10 

1.69 


.047 
.61 
1.05 
.83 

2.34 


.046 
.66 
1.31 
.97 

2.27 


.046 
.77 
1.23 
.99 

2.25 


.044 
.94 


0.47 
.64 


.050 
.62 
1.37 
.93 

2.48 


.049 
.76 
1.36 
1.19 

2.08 


.0-18 
.62 
1 10 


Pears 

Beans 


.93 

2.20 
1.57 
.73 


.79 
2.25 


1.00 
2.38 


Sweet potatoes . . 


.80 
.62 
.85 

1.08 


.86 


.76 


.74 


.90 
.63 
1.03 

1.50 

13.54 

12. 44 

8.72 

7.33 

9.10 
2.46 
7.21 
77.00 
13.88 
.2-U 


.90 
.68 
1.04 

1.79 


.89 
.59 


Onions 

Cabba!?es 

Timothy hay 


1.02 
1.58 


.93 
1.58 


1.15 
1.58 


.84 
1.04 


.89 
1.25 


















Alfalfa hav 


8.96 
7 59 


















Prairie hay 

Clover seed 

Timothy seed 


















8.24 

2.34 

7.29 

67. 00 

15.28 

.191 


7.00 

2.02 

6.96 

102.00 

22.01 

.295 


9.37 
1.95 

7.87 
70.00 
18.04 
.222 


10.33 
6.91 


8.13 
4.03 


7.33 

2.C8 

6. 36 

100.00 

22.46 

.260 


9.06 

1.82 

8.23 

69.00 

18. 57 

.197 


7.31 
2.13 

7.42 
106. 00 
21.07 
.209 


9.39 
2.09 
9.02 


Broom corn 

Cottonseed 

Hops 


121.00 
16.73 
.378 


108. 00 

26.86 

.133 


77.00 
17.61 
.198 


Paid by farmers: 


10.32 
3.19 
8.97 
26.71 
29.44 


9.32 

2.85 
8.73 
26.52 
31.94 


11.28 

2.84 

9.84 

26.58 

30.28 






9.13 

2.87 

7.65 

26.47 

31.97 


11.23 
2.67 
9.73 

?5.66 
29.37 


10.76 
3.26 

8.85 
27.86 
30.73 


10.22 
2.84 
8.96 
26.59 
32.32 


11.61 


Timothy seed 
Alfalfa seed.. 






3.06 






10.52 


Bran 

Cottonseed m 


26.52 
30.73 


24.56 
31.1*4 


26.82 
30.60 





Nov. 1. 


Dec. 1. 


Oct. 1. 


Wheat 




96.2 

69.7 


77.0 

70.7 


83.8 

58.4 


91.5 

64.7 


90.5 
52.6 


79.9 
69.1 


76.0 

48.7 


93.5 

78.2 


77.9 
75.3 


83.4 


Corn 


do... 


70.2 


Oats 


do... 


42.5 


37.9 


33.6 


43.8 


34.9 


39.2 


31.9 


43.3 


39.6 


33.6 


Barlev 


do... 


51.3 


54.7 


53.8 


84.9 


55.3 


53.7 


50.4 


51.8 


56.8 


54.8 


Eve 


do... 


80.6 


63.2 


08.8 


83.1 


71. 6 


63.4 


66. 3 


79.0 


64.8 


70.1 


Buckv.-heat.. 


do... 


78.1 


75.5 


65.5 


73.0 


65.9 


75.5 


66. 1 


78.7 


74.1 


69.7 


Potatoes 


do... 


54.0 


69. 6 


45.5 


76.3 


55.7 


68.7 


50.5 


64.7 


73.9 


61.1 


Flaxseed 


do... 


118.7 


118. 7 


133.4 


210.6 


229. 4 


119.9 


114.7 


127.4 


122.6 


147.7 


Hav 


..dols. per ton. 


11. 71 


12. 20 


11.80 


14. 62 


11.95 


12.43 


1L79 


11.77 


12.22 


11.76 


Butter 


cts. per lb. 


27.2 


28.2 


26. 9 


25.2 


27.1 


29.2 


28.8 


26.0 


27.5 


25.6 


Eggs 


...cts. per doz. 


25.2 


27.4 


25.9 


23.5 


25.3 


33.0 


29.7 


23.5 


23.4 


22.0 


Chickens 


cts. per lb. 


11.9 


12.1 


11.2 


10.3 


11.3 


11.4 


10.8 


12.5 


12.5 


11.5 


Cotton 


.do... 


6.3 


13.0 


10.9 


8.9 


14.0 


12.2 


n.9 


7.8 


13.3 


11.2 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK, 39 

Table 34. — Rayige of prices of agricultural products at market centers. 



Product and market. 



Nov. 2, 1914. Oct., 1914. Sept., 1914. Oct.. 1913. Oct., 1912. 



Wheat pel' bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St. Louis 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter. New York ' 

Corn per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2 mixed, New York i 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

Rye per bushel: No. 2 Chicago 

Billed hay per ton: No. 1 timothy, 

Chicago 

Hops per ponnd: Choice, New York. . . 
Wool per pound: 

Ohio fine unwashed, Boston 

Best tab washed, St. Louis 

Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of 

sales, Chicago 

Butter per pound: 

Creamery, extra. New York 

Creamery, extra, Elgin 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh , New York 

Average best fresh, St. Louis 

Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New 
York 



;i.lo-$l. I2i 
1. i:if- 1. 14" 
1.22.^- 1.22J 



$1.01 -$1.14 
1.02 - L16^ 
1.13 J- L23 



$1.01^$-! 
1.01 - 1 
1.13 - 1 



.75 . 70 - . 76J 

. 75f . 71J- . 76 



. 40 - .47^ 
. 47?.- . 48 
.96'- .96 

15. 00 -16. 00 
. 33 - .36 



.23 
.31 



.24 
.32 



.31i- .31^ 

.36- .55 

.24i- .24 J 

. 14|- . 



. 42 - . 48?, 
.441- .481 
. 88 - .96 

14.00 -IC. 50 
. 33 - . hO 



6. 95 - «. 60 

.29i- .33* 
.29- .3U 

.31- .55 
.20- .24J 

. 14i- . 15J 



18i 
23i 
.31^ 

.82^ 
.83J 



.45 - . 
.44 - . 
.90- 1. 

14. SO -16. 
.35 - . 

.25 - 
.31- 



52 

51J 

OOJ 

50 
.50 

.25 
.33 



.30 
.29 



.30 - 
.20^- 



.42 
.22i 



0. 87ft-$0. 97 
.87f^ .9&J 
. 90 - .99 



.67J- 
.76- 

.39- 
.361- 
.<52 - 



.74i 
.70" 

.814 

. 43i 
.41 
.67 



16.50 -19.50 
. 40 - .45 



.21 
.29 



7. 60 - 8. 80 



.30.'- .33 
.29i- .31 



.32 
.23 



.55 

.29 J 

. 15i- . 16i 



$1.03 - $1.13 

102- 1. It 

1.03- LOS 

. 62 - . 70 

. 58:^- . m 



. 32 - . 34i 
.31 - .33.' 
. 67 - . 71' 

10.00-20.01) 
.30 .3.J 



7. 50 - 9. 00 



.304- .32 
. 29 - . 30 



.34- .00 
.22- .23J 



1 F. o. b. afloat. 

2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, iucluave; colored August- 



40 



farmers' bulletin «41. 




o 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





645 



Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook. Chief. 
December 31, 1914. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Yearls crop summary , 1914 1 

Winter wheat and rye sowings and condition. . 7 

The apple crop 8 

Forecasts of average sugar and cane yields in 

Louisiana, 1914 10 

Florida and California crop report 10 

Onion and cabbage estimates 11 

Trend of prices of farm products 12 

-:\gricultural pro<iucts shipped into cotton States 12 



Page. 

Calil'ornia barley shipped to New York 13 

Cold-storage holdings of apples 14 

The wheat crop of the southern hemisphere 15 

Purchasing power of farmers 18 

.•\crcage, yield per acre, production, price, and 
total value of principal crops, 1914, and acre- 
age and condition of winter wheat and rye 

(tables) 24 

Prices of farm products (tables) 38 



TIME OF ISSUANCE OF LIVE-STOCK REPORT. 

On Monday, January 18, 1915, at 2 p. m. (eastern time), the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Department of 
-\griculturc,willissue an estimate of the number and value on January 1, 1915, of horses, cattle, sheep, and 
swine on farms and ranges of the United States. Detailed estimates, by States, will be published in the 
February issue of the Agricultural Outlook. 



YEARLY CROP SUMMARY, 1914. 

FOURTEEN CROPS AND 92 PER CENT OF AREA. 

In this issue of the Agricultural Outlook may be found detailed 
estimates of this season's production of the principal crops of the 
United States. 

The 14 crops whose production is estimated yearly cover about 
92 per cent of the entire cultivated area of the United States. 

The total area harvested in 1914 (300,782,000 acres in 14 crops) 
is about the same as in 1913 (0.1 per cent largor), and about 2.4 
per cent larger than the area harvested in 1912. In the three j^ears 
the wheat area has steadily increased, and corn and flaxseed decreased 
materially. The cotton acreage fell moderately short of the large 
acreage of 1913, but was considerably larger than any other year. 
Acreages of other crops have not altered materially. 
73861°— Bull. 64.5—14—1 



2 farmers' bulletin 645. 

yield per acre. 

The production per acre of crops in the aggregcite in 1014 wao nearly 
10 per cent larger than in 1913, over 2 per cent larger than the 10- 
year average, but about 8 per cent smaller than in 1912. This 
indicates the favorable nature of the season. Early in the growing 
period short crops were apprehended, but as the season advanced 
contlitions improved steadily. The most striking characteristic of 
the year is the wonderful outturn of the winter wheat crop, v.diich 
made 19 bushels per acre; the largest average for any previous year 
was 16.7 bushels, in 1906. The corn yield of 25.8 bushels has been 
exceeded 10 times in the past 20 years, the highest yield in the 20 
years being 30.3 bushels, in 1906; the oats yield of 29.7 bushels has 
been exceeded 13 times in 20 years, the highest yield being 37.4 
bushels, in 1912; the barley yield of 25.8 bushels has been exceeded 7 
times in 20 years, the highest yield being 29.7 bushels, in 1912; the 
potato yield of 109.5 bushels has been exceeded twice, the record 
being lio.4 bushels, in 1904. The hay yield of 1.43 tons has been 
exceeded 8 times in the 20 years; the record yield is 1.55, in 1898. 
The yield of tobacco, 845.7 pounds, has been exceeded 3 times in the 
past 14 years, the record being 893.7 pounds, in 1911. The pre- 
liminary estimate of yield per acre of cotton, 207.9 pounds, has been 
exceeded but once in the past 20 years, in 1898. when the yield was 
219 pounds. 

COMPARISONS OF TOTAL PRODUCTION, 14 CROPS. 

In total production of the 14 crops this year's aggregate is about 
10 per cent larger than in 1913 and 6 per cent smaller than in 1912, 
which year stands as the one of greatest aggregate production in the 
United States. This year two important crops have exceeded 
previous records — wheat, with 891,000,000 bushels, follo'wdng the 
1913 record of 763,000,000; and cotton, with. 15,966,000 bales (pre- 
Uminary estimate), the previous record being 15,693,000 bales in 
1911. 

VALUE PER ACRE. 

The value per acre of all enumerated crops averaged about $16.44 
this year, compared with $16.52 in 1913 and $16.15 in 1912. In 
Table 16 and chart on page 23 is shown the yearly value per acre of 
the 10 leading products combined sinc« 1866. This is the most 
satisfactory method available to show the relative income of farmers 
during a long series of years. An examination of the chart and 
figures shows clearly that from 1870 to 1896 there was a more or 
less steady tendency toward reduction in the value per acre of 
crops. In the year 1896 values were at their lowest; farming at 
that time was decidedly unprofitable. From 1896 to 1909 the value 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



per acre of farm crops increased steadily, each year l)eiug liiglier 
than the precedmg. During the past five years, that is, since 1909, 
the average value per acre of crops has not changed much. (See 
Tables 1, 16, and 17-31.) 



PRICES AND TOTAL VALUE. 



The prosperity of farmers depends not so much upon the amount 
of production as upon the total amount of money received for what 
they produce. Thus, tliis year's cotton crop is the largest ever pro- 
duced, but its value to the farmers is much less than the value of 
any crop of recent yeare. On the other hand, the corn crop, in 
total production, is only a moderate one, having been exceeded four 
times in the past 10 years; but the high prices prevailing make it 
the most valuable corn crop ever produced. In fact, this year's 
corn crop is the most valuable of any one crop ever produced in this 
country, and, undoubtedly, in any country. 

The producers of wheat have benefited b}- a combination of very 
large production and high prices, caused by the war and moderate 
production in foreign countries. 

The total value, based upon farm prices December l,of the 14 
products included in the yearly estimates of crop production 
(excluding animal products) amounted to $4,946,000,000 this year, 
to $4,966,000,000 last year, and to $4,759,000,000 in 1912. It will 
be observed that in the ^^ear of smallest production, 1913, the total 
value is highest, and in the year of largest production, 1912, the 
total value is smallest. If prices had remained the same in the three 
years the totals would have been $4,926,000,000 for this year, 
$4,487,000,000 in 1913, and $5,256,000,000 in 1912. (See Table 1, 
page 4.) 



4 PARMEBS' BULLETIN 645, 

Table 1. — Crop areas, yields, and values, 1914, 1913, and 1912. 



Crop and year. 



Acreage. 



Production.! 



Per acre. 



Total 
(000 omitted). 



Farm value, Dee. 1. 



Per 
bushel. 



Total 
(000 omitted). 



Corn: 

1914 

191.3 

1912 

Winter wlmat: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Pprin? wheat: 

1914 

191.3 

1912 

All wheat: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Oats: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Riiriev: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Rye: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Buckwheat: 

1914 

1913.... 

1912 

Flaxseed: 

1914 

1913 , 

1912 

Rice: 

1914 , 

1913.... , 

1912.. 

Potatoes: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Sweet potatoes: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Hay: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Tobacco: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Cotton: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Sugar beets: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Total, above crops 

1914 

1913 

1912 



Acres. 
10.?, 4.^5, 000 
105, 820, 000 
107, 0S3, 000 

36, 008, 000 
31,699,000 
26,571,000 

17,5.33,000 
18,485,000 
19, 243, 000 

.53,,"i41.000 
.M, 184, 000 
45, 814, 000 

38, 44'.', 000 
38, 399, 00!) 
37,917,000 

7,."i(i'i,000 
7 490.000 
7, 530, 000 

2,.')4l,000 
2, 557, 000 
2.117,000 

792, 000 
.S05,000 
.841,000 

1,. 885, 000 
2,291,000 
2, .851, 000 

693,5.30 
.827,100 
722, 800 

3,708,000 
3,668,000 
3,711,000 

6ff5,000 
625,000 
58.3,000 

49,145,000 
48,9.54,000 
49, 530, 000 

1,223, .500 
1,216,100 
1,225,800 

36,722,000 
37,089,000 
34, 283, 000 

486, 000 
580, 000 
555,000 



300, 782, 000 
300,514,000 
294,764,000 



Bu.thels. 
2.5.8 
23.1 
29.2 

19.0 
16.5 
15.1 

11.8 
13.0 
17.2 

16.6 
15.2 
15.9 

29.7 
29.2 
37.4 

25.8 
23.8 
29.7 

16.8 
16.2 
16.8 

21.3 
17.2 
22.9 

8.3 

7.8 
9.8 

34.1 
31. 1 
34.7 

109. 5 
90.4 
113.4 

93.8 
94.5 
95.2 

2 1.43 
= 1.31 
2 1.47 

1 845. 7 
< 784. 3 
» 7.S5. 5 

■• 207. 9 
* 182. 
■I 190. 9 

= 10.6 
2 9.76 
2 9.41 



Bushels. 
2, 672, 804 
2,446,988 
3,124,746 

684.990 
.523,561 
399, 910 

200,027 
239, 819 
330, 348 

891,017 
763,. 380 
730, 267 

1,141.060 
1,121,768 
1,418,337 

194,0.53 
178,189 
223, 824 

42, 779 
41 , 381 
35, 664 

16, 881 
13, 833 
19, 249 

15,559 
17, 853 
28, 073 

23, 649 
25,744 
25,054 

405,921 
331, 52o 
420, 647 

56,574 
59, 057 
55, 479 

2 70,071 
2 64,116 
2 72, 691 

■I 1,034,679 
•I 953, 734 
« 962, .855 

6 15,966 
M4,156 
s 13, 703 

2 5,147 
2 5,659 
2 5, 224 



Cmts. 
63.7 
69.1 
48.7 

98.6 
82.9 
80.9 

98.6 
73.4 
70.1 

9.8.0 
79.9 
76.0 

43.8 
39.2 
31.9 

54.3 
53.7 
50.5 

86.5 
63.4 
66.3 

76.4 
75.5 
66.1 

$1.26 
SI. 20 
$1.15 

92.4 
85.8 
93.5 

48.9 
68.7 
50.5 

73.0 
72.6 
72.6 

■■> $11. 12 
3 $12. 43 
3 $11. 79 

5 9.8 
M2.8 
5 10.8 

^6.8 
r, 12. 2 

^n.<3 

3 $5. 43 
3 $5. 69 
3 $5. 84 



Dollars. 
1,702,599 
1.692,092 
1.-520,454 

675, 623 
433,995 
323, 572 

203, 057 
176, 127 
231,708 

878, 680 
610. 122 
555, 280 

499, 431 
439, 596 
4.52,469 

105,903 
95, 731 
112,957 

37, 018 
26. 220 
23,6.36 

12, 892 
10, 445 
12, 720 

19,540 
21,399 
32, 202 

21,849 
22,090 
23,423 

198, 609 
227, 903 
212,550 

41,294 
42,884 
40,264 

779,068 
797,077 
856, 695 

101,411 
122, 481 
104, 063 

519,616 
825,395 
781,829 

27,950 
32,230 
30,521 



4,945,856 
4, 965, 665 
4,759,063 



' Bushels of weight. 
2 Tons (2,000 lbs.). 



3 Per ton. 
< Pounds. 



<> Per pound. 

* Bales of 500 jiouiids gross weight, excluding linters. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. O 

Table 2. — Production of important crops in the leading five States, 191 4-. 



Corn. 


Winter v/heat. 


Spring v/heat. 


A_ll wheat. 


State. 


Produc- 
tion. 
(000 
omit- 
ted.) 


P.ct. 

of 
U. S. 


State. 


Produc- 
tion. 
(000 
omit- 
ted.) 


P.ct. 
of 

U. S. 


State. 


Produi- 
tion. 
(000 
omit- 
ted.) 


P.ct. 

of 
U.S. 


Stat". 


Produc- 
tion. 
(00(1 
omit- 
ted.) 


P.ct. 

of 
U. .S. 


U.S 


Bushels. 
2, 672, 804 


100.0 


U.S 

Kansas. . . 
Nebraska 

Okla 

Illinois. . . 
Missouri . 

5 States - 


Bush. 
684,990 


100.0 


U. S.... 

N. Dak. 
Minn.... 
S. Dak.. 
Wash... 
Mont 

5 States 


Bush. 
206,027 


100.0 


U.S.... 

Kansas . 
N. Dak.. 
Nebr. . . . 
Okla.... 
Illinois.. 

5 States 


Bush. 
891,017 


100.0 


Iowa 

Illinois. .. 
Nebraska. 
Indiana . . 
Missouri. . 


389, 424 
300, 034 
173,950 
163,317 
158, 400 


14.6 
11.2 
6.5 
6.1 
5.9 


176, 300 
64, 172 
47,975 
46, 250 
43,333 


25.7 
9.4 
7.0 
6.8 
6.3 


81,592 
42,000 
30, 600 
16,400 
7, 293 


39.6 

20.4 

14.9 

8.0 

3.5 


177, 200 
81, 592 
68, 116 
47, 975 
46,250 


19.9 
9.2 
7.6 
5.4 
5.2 


5 States. 




44.3 




55.2 




86.4 




47.3 



















Oats. 


Barley. 


Rye. 


Buckwheat. 




U. S 


1,141,060 


100.0 


U. S 

California 
Minn 

N. Dak.. 
S. Dak... 
Wis 


194,953 1 100.0 


U. S.... 

Wis 

Mich. . . . 

Minn 

Pa 

N. Y.... 


42, 779 


100.0 


U.S.... 

N. Y... 

Pa 

Mich 

W. Va.. 
Va 

5 States 


16,881 


100.0 


Iowa 

Illinois. .. 

Minn 

Nebraska. 
N, Dak. . . 


165,000 
125, 990 
85, 120 
69, 600 
(54, 904 


14.5 
11.0 
7.5 
6.1 
5.7 


42,060 21.6 
31, 694 16. 3 
2S, 275 14. 5 
19, 550 10. 
18,428 9.5 


6,798 
5,936 
5,245 
5,040 
2,283 


15.9 
13. 9. 
12.3 
11.8 
5.3 


6, 302 

5,740 

1,054 

774 

446 


.37.3 

34.0 

6.2 

4.6 

2.6 


5 States 




44.8 


5 States. 




71.9 


5 States 


1 59.2 

1 


1' 84.7 


i 






! 


i . \ .. . 


Flaxseed. 


Potatoes. 


Sweet potatoes. 


Hay. 


U.S 


15, 559 


100.0 


u. s 

N. Y 

Mich 

Wis 

Maine 

Minn 

5 States. 


405,921 100.0 


U.S.... 

N.C... 
Oa 

Ala 

Texas. . . 
La 

5 States. 


56,574 100.0 


U. S 

N. Y.... 

Cal 

Wis 

Iowa 

Pa 

5 States. 


Tons. 
70,071 


100. 


N. Dak... 

Minn 

Mont 

S.Dak.... 
Kansas... 


6,972 
2,930 
2,560 
2,400 
270 


44.8 
18.8 
16.5 
15. 4 
1.7 


53,215 
44,041 
37,696 
33,800 
30, 780 


13.1 

10.9 

9.3 

8.3 

7.6 


6,840 12.1 
6,715 11.9 
5, 859 ' 10. 4 
5,252 1 9.3 
5, 133 1 9. 1 


5, 584 
5,265 
4,462 
4,071 
4,020 


8.0 
7.5 
6.4 
5.8 
5.7 


5 States 




97.2 





49.2 




52.8 


'33.4 













Tobacco. 


Rice. 


Cotton (bales, 500 lbs. 
gross). 


Sugar beets. ' 


U.S 


Pounds. 
1,034,679 jlOO.O 


U. S 

La 

Texas 

Ark 

Cal 

S. C 

5 States. 


23,649 


100.0 


U. S.... 

Texas... 
Georgia. 

Ala 

S. C 

Miss 

5 States 


Bales. 
15, 966 


100.0 


U. 8.... 

Colo 

Cal 

Mich 

Utah.... 
Idaho . . . 

5 States 


Toils. 
5,147 


100.0 


Ky 

N.C 

Va 

Ohio 

Tenn 


364, 000 i 3.5. 2 
172,250 i 16.6 
113,750 i 11.0 
78, 120 1 7. 6 
63, 468 6. 1 


10, 802 

8,102 

3,685 

800 

179 


45.7 
34.3 
15.6 
3.4 

.8 


4,560 
2,650 
1,690 
1,600 
1,275 


28.6 
16.6 
10. (■) 
9.4 
8.0 


1,552 
996 
915 
571 
260 


30.2 
19.4 
17.8 
11.1 
5.1 


5 States 


76.5 




99.8 




73.2 




83.6 




1 









(See map on page 45.) 



6 FAKMEES' BXILLETIN 645. 

ESTIMATED VALUE OF ALL CROPS AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS. 

The total value of all crop production this year is slightly less than 
in 1913, on account of the reduced value of the cotton crop, in spite 
of the high values of the corn and wheat crops, which gain less than 
the cotton crop loses. The estimated value at the farm of all crop? 
for which the census of 1910 reported values reaches the great total 
of $6,044,480,000, which is an amount that is $88,279,000 below the 
total for 1913. Except for 1913, the total crop value of 1914 is 
$200,000,000 above the highest total heretofore reached, which was 
in the great production year of 1912. 

On the other hand, the estimated value of the animal products of 
the farm in 1914 is distinctly higher than in 1913, which was itself a 
record year in the value of this class of products. This is due to 
general but slight increases in production, except for sheep and 
swine, and in prices, more especially to a small increase in the aver- 
age farm price of eggs, and to a more considerable increase in tlie farm 
price of cattle and calves sold and slaughtered. 

The total estimated value of the animal products of the farm and 
of the farm animals sold and slaughtered in 1914 is placed at 
$3,828,456,000. Tliis amount is 38.8 per cent of the total value of 
ail farm products, a fraction of the total that has not been equaled as 
far back as estimates go, to 1897, except for the year 1910, when the 
percentage was 39.3. 

The grand total value of all crops, farm animal products, and farm 
animals sold and slaughtered in 1914, according to the detailed esti- 
mates that have been made, is $9,872,936,000. This amount is 
$83,000,000 above the grand total for 1913, which was itself greatly 
above the highest total previously reached. 

It must l)e Ijorne in mind that the amounts of these estimates do 
not stand for net wealth produced, nor for cash received, nor for 
profit, nor for income in any sense. Each product is valued, as in 
the census, when it reaches commercial form, and the grand aggre- 
gate of all items is to be regarded as an index number, or from a rela- 
tive rather than from an absolute point of view. If the farm value 
of all farm products in 1899, as ascertained by the census, is regarded 
as equivalent to 100, the combined value of all farm products in 
1914 stands at 209.3, or more than twice the value of all farm prod- 
ucts 15 years ago, or a relative number a little greater than that of 
1913 and very perceptibly greater than the highest relative number 
attained before that year. (See Table 3.) Last year (1913) the 
sales of crops were estimated at $2,928,000,000; sales of live stock, 
$2,919,000,000; a total of $5,847,000,000. The estimated value of 
total sales per farm v/as $892, and sales per capita of rural popula- 
tion (excluding towns), $139. 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 

Table 3. — Estimated value of farm products. 
[Based on prices at tho farm; 000 omitted from values.] 





Total, 
gross. 


Index 
numbers. 


Crops. 


Animals and aaimjd 
products. 


Year. 


1899=100.0. 


Value. 


Percent- 
age of 
total. 


Value. 


Percent- 
age of 
total. 




S2, 212, 541 
2, 400, 107 
3,960,822 
4, 338, 946 
4,717,070 

5,009,595 
5,302,120 

5,594,645 
5,887,170 
6,121,778 

0,273,997 
6, 764, 210 
7,487,989 
7,890,626 
8,498,311 

0,037,391 
8,819,175 
9,342,790 
9, 789, 625 
9,872,936 
























1897 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1898 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1899 (census) ' 


84.0 
92.0 
100.0 

106.2 
112.4 
118.6 
124.8 
129.8 

133.0 
143.4 
158. 7 
167.3 
180.2 

191.6 
187.0 
198.1 
207.5 
209.3 


$2,519,083 
2,759,570 
2,998,704 

3,191,942 
3,385,179 
3,578,416 
3,771,654 
3,981,676 

4,012,053 
4,263,134 
4,761,112 
5,098,293 
5,487,161 

5,486,374 
5,562,058 
5,842.220 
6, 132, 759 
6,044,480 


63.6 
63.6 
63.6 

63.7 
(3.8 
64.0 
64.1 
65.0 

64.0 
63.0 
03.0 
64.6 
64.6 

60.7 
63.1 
62.5 
62.6 
61.2 


SI, 441, 739 
1,579,376 
1,718,366 

1,817,653 
1,916,941 
2,016,229 
2,115,516 
2, 140, 102 

2,201,344 
2,501,076 
2,720,877 
2,792,333 
3,011,150 

3,551,017 
3,257,117 
3,500,570 
3,656,866 
3, 828, 456 


36.4 
36.4 
36.4 


1900 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1901 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1902 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1903 (Dept. of Agi-iculture) 

1904 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1905 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1906 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1907 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1908 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1909 (census) 


36.3 
36.2 
36.0 
35.9 
35.0 

36.0 
37.0 
36.4 
35.4 

35.4 


1910 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1911 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1912 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1913 (Dept. of Agriculture) 

1914 (Dept. of Agriculture) 


39.3 
36.9 
37.5 
37.4 

38.8 



1 In the census for 1899 !S974,940,61G of crops -were fed to live stock, and the value of animal products 
and crops not fed was ?3,742,129,357. 



The ocoau freight rates quoted on wheat from New York to Liver- 
pool had reached 14.7 cents per bushel in December, 1914; about tho 
last of July, 1914, the quoted rate was 8.9 cents, which itseK was 
abnormally high. The highest average of December quotations since 
1904, on wheat from New York to Liverpool, was 9.8 cents per bushel 
in 1912 and the lowest was 2.6 cents in 1906. 



WINTER WHEAT AND RYE SOWINGS AND CONDITION. 

The area sown to winter wheat this fall is 11.1 per cent more than 
the revised estimated area sown in the fall of 1913, equivalent to an 
increase of 4,135,000 acres, the indicated total area being 41,263,000 
acres. 

The condition of the winter- wheat crop on December 1 is estimated 
at 88.3 per cent of a normal, which compares with 97.2 per cent a 
year ago. Li the past 10 years the condition on December 1 has 
averaged 90.3 per cent and the outturn of the crops has averaged 
about 14.4 bushels per acre on the planted a*rea. Li the same pro- 
portion, the condition of 88.3 would forecast a yield of about 14.08 
bushels, which, on the estimated acreage planted, amounts to 
580,000,000 bushels. Unusually dry fall and scattering evidences 



8 FAEMEES' BULLETIN Uo. 

of the presence of Hessian % in the wheat are the main causes for 
below-average conditions on December 1. 

The production in 1914 was estimated as 684,990,000 bushels (by 
far the largest amount ever produced in one year), and in the pre- 
ceding five yeai-s the average annual production was 441,000,000 
bushels. 

In forecasting this quantity of 580,000,000 bushels, it should be 
considered as the amount, of which the probability is equal that the 
outturn will be either above or below it. The crop will be larger or 
smaller than this amount according as the changes in conditions 
from now to harvest are better or worse than average changes. 

The area sown to rye this fall is 2.8 per cent more than the revised 
estimated area sown in the fall of 1913, equivalent to an increase of 
78,000 acres, the indicated total area being 2,851,000 acres. The 
condition on December 1 was 93,6, against 95.3 and 93.5 on December 
1, 1913 and 1912, respectively, and a 10-year average of 93. 

Detailed estimates by States for winter wheat and rye are given 
in Table 32, page 37. 



The average yields per acre of the principal grains in the northern 
hemisphere were generally lower in 1914 than in 1913. Considering 
19 countries as one region, their wheat yielded 13.8 bushels per acre 
in 1914 and 15.3 in 1913; while oats yielded 29.3 and 33.2 bushels per 
acre, respectively. Barley, for 18 countries, averaged 20.1 bushels in 
1914 and 22.3 the year before; Avhile the averages for rye in 15 countries 
were 15.8 and 16.3, respectively. These averages were taken from 
the October (1914) Bulletin of Agricultural and Commercial Statistics 
of the International Institute of Agricidture. 



THE APPLE CROP. 

The apple crop of 1914 is probably the largest ever produced in 
the United States, being estimated at 259,000,000 bushels, as com- 
pared with 145,000,000 bushels in 1913; about 235,000,000 bushels 
in 1912; 214,000,000 in 1911; 142,000.000 in 1910; and 146,000,000 
in 1909, as reported b}^ the census. These figures represent the 
total ''agricultural" crop and should not be confused with figures 
representing estimates of the "commercial" crop, which comprises 
only the marketed portion of the total production. In 1913 the 
commercial crop was estimated at 40 per cent of the total agricultural 
production. The census report of 146,000,000 bushels in 1909 is 
the basis of yearly estimates of total production, being used in con- 
nection with crop reporters' estimates of percentage of a full crop 
produced each year. 



THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 







Detailed estimates by States are given below: 

Table 4. — Apples: Estimated production, and price Nov. 15, 1909-1914- 
[Thousands; 000 omitted.] 




Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 



United States... 



1911 



Bush. 
6,800 I 
1,600 i 
2,2.50 \ 
3,000 
400 

2,400 1 
39.000 i 

3,100 i 
20, .500 
300 

2,600 
7,200 
7,800 
3,000 
470 

800 
18, 700 
8,900 
10,600 
12,300 

3,000 
1,300 
9,500 
11,600 
240 

.3,600 
2,400 
6,100 
2,900 
700 

240 

200 

1,050 

3,000 

900 

20 

2,700 

680 

110 

460 

100 
1,200 
3,500 
1,500 
4,700 



214,020 



CIS. 
60 
75 
75 
90 
50 

66 
55 
50 
.50 



48 
75 
70 
80 
130 

110 
.50 
60 
55 
62 

85 
100 
75 
58 
105 



95 
8-5 
100 
110 

110 
115 
115 
105 
114 



117 
100 



100 

160 
102 
108 
100 



1910 



1909 



Bush. 
3,. 550 
1,800 
2,700 
2,900 
300 

1,800 
17,000 

1,700 

11,600 

350 

2,700 
12, 100 
7,100 
7,200 
740 

1,400 
.5,900 
4,900 
800 
4,200 

400 
150 
200 
7,600 
30 

1,400 
6,600 
5,300 
5,200 
1,000 

330 

400 

1,200 

2,700 

420 

10 

1, .500 

340 

100 

410 

160 
1,250 
5,800 
3,800 
4,600 



73.1 141,640 



Cts. 
80 
75 
92 



70 
70 
85 
105 

100 
90 
80 
110 
100 

110 
151 
121 
80 
130 

95 
70 
90 
85 
90 

100 
130 
104 
100 
120 



110 
140 
190 
150 



93 
80 
100 
90 



73861°— Bull. 64,5— 14- 



10 



FAEMERS' BULLETIN 645. 



Table 5. — Apples: Comparative prices, cents per bushel, paid to producers of United 
States, 15th of each month, 1910-1914. 



Year. 


July. 


Aug. 


Sept. 


Oct. 


Nov. 


Dec. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


Mar. 


Apr. 


May. 


Juno. 


1910 














lOfi 
116 
93 
74 
111 


Ill 
119 
99 
78 
123 


114 
125 
104 
S2 
120 


114 
1.39 
115 
85 
137 


1?7 
140 
129 
94 
146 


112 


1910 n 


77 
95 
82 
86 
91 


74 
73 
68 
75 
69 


74 
70 
62 
76 
62 


G6 
61 
SB 
5G 


89 
73 
64 
94 
57 


100 

86 
73 
104 


135 


1911 12 


108 


1912 13 


101 


1913-14 


130 


1914 



















FOREC.4STS OF AVER.4GE SUGAR AND CANE YIELDS IN LOUISIANA, 1914. 

Reports from several leading factories in different parts of the sugar 
region of Louisiana indicate average yields of sugar per ton of cane 
considerably higher in 1914 than in any recent year. Individual 
reports for the first two weeks of the current season (1914) showed 
mcreases over the first tvv^o weeks of 1913 ranging from 6 to 16 per 
cent, the average for the reportmg factories being about 8 per cent. 
While this is not to be accepted as an average for the entire State, it 
mdicates a general mcreasein 1914 over 1913 and 1912. In 1913 the 
average yield of sugar per ton of cane was 139 pounds, in 1912 it was 
142, and in 1911 only 120 pounds. 

This gam in sugar content of cane is largely offset by a dcchnc in 
average yield of cane per acre. A prehminary estimate for 1914 mdi- 
cates an average yield of about 15 tons per acre; in 1913 the average 
vras 17 tons; in 1912, 11 tons; and m 1911, it was 19 tons per acre. 

The estimates for 1914 are preliminary; the final figures, which are 
determined after the end of the sugar-making season, may be higher 
or lower than the ones now given. 



FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table C. — Crops in Florida and California. 



Crop. 



Oranges, production ' 

Oranges, quality 

Lemons, production • 

Lemons, quality 

Limes, production ' 

Grapefruit, production > 

Grapefruit, quality 

Oliver:, production i 

X'elvet iieans, production ' 

Grapes: 

For table- 
Yield per acre pounds. 

Production i 

Quality 



Florida. 



1914 1913 1912 



85 



100 
91 



1 Compared witb a full crop. 



125 
95 
100 



75 
105 
97 



California 



1914 1913 1912 



,000 
91 
93 



5,800 
S3 
92 



04 



4,800 
89 
91 



THE AGRICULTURAL OLTTLOOK, 



11 



ONION AND CABBAGE ESTIMATES. 

The production of onions this year in the eleven important onion- 
growing States is estimated at 15,572,744 bushels, as compared with 
13,328,750 last year, an increase of nearly 17 per cent. The States 
included in this estimate are Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, In- 
cUana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Mmnesota, Iowa, Colorado, Oregon, and 
CaUfornia. These States produced 60.2 per cent of the total onion 
crop in the census year 1909, 

The total area in onions on farms reporting 1 acre or more in the 
census year 1909 was 47,620 acres, and the 25 counties of largest pro- 
duction included 22,940 acres, or 48.2 per cent, which approximately 
represents the commercial area under onions in the United States. 

The production of cabbage this year in six important cabbage- 
producing States is estimated at 680,160 tons, as compared with 
520,413 last year, an increase of about 29 per cent. These six 
States, New York, Ohio, Micliigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa, 
produced 48.8 per cent of the total crop of the United States m the 
census year 1909. 

The total area in cabbage on farms reporting 1 acre or more in the 
census year 1909 was 125,896 acres, and the 80 counties of largest 
production included 65,105 acres, or 51.7 per cent, which approxi- 
mately represents the commercial area in the United States, but it 
must be understood that a very considerable percentage of the prod- 
uct of this area is taken for manufacture into ki'aut, and is not, there- 
fore, offered for sale as cabbage. 

Detailed estimates, by States, are given below. 



Table 



-Onions: Acreage, yield per acre, and productio)i in Slates of surplus pro- 
duction. 



Acres. 



Yield per acre. 



1013 



Production. 



1914 



Massacliusetts. 

New York 

Ohio 

In'liana 

Michip;an 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Colorado 

Oreeon 

California 



Total.... 
Average , 



4,3.^0 

7,S74 

T, 16.''. 

6,065 

1,233 

1,700 

1,099 

849 

762 

721 

7,250 



3,849 

6,885 

7, 1C5 

6,065 

1,028 

1,771 

1,057 

849 

762 

650 

7,327 



Bushels. 
460 
458 
400 
325 
369 
313 
324 
360 
350 
354 
400 



Bushclx. 
336 
414 
357 
325 
418 
280 
341 
290 
295 
435 
355 



Bushels. 

2,001,000 

3,468,892 

2,866,000 

2, 166, 125 

454,977 

.532, 100 

3.56,076 

305,610 

266, 700 

255, 234 

2,900,000 



39,368 38,008 



396 



15,572,744 



Bushels. 

1,391,554 

2, 852, 199 

2,558,928 

1,989,499 

429,416 

495,603 

360, 134 

246,003 

224,. 589 

282,910 

2,597,915 



13,328,750 



12 FAEMEHS' BULLETIN 6i5. 

Table 8. — Cabbage: Acreage, yield, and production in States of surplus production. 



State. 


Acres. 


1 
Yield per acre. Production. 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 1 1914 


1913 


New York 


46,209 
8,155 
6,833 

14, 849 
2,840 
2, 129 


46,209 
7,767 
4,988 

12,912 
2,705 
2,129 


Tons. 
8.0 
10.0 
7.5 
9.6 
9.0 
4.0 


Tons, i Tons. 
5.6 1 369,672 
8.9 ; 81,550 

9.0 '■ 51,248 
9.3 1 142,550 

9.1 25,560 

3.2 j 9,580 


Tons. 

260,945 
69,318 
44,914 


Ohio 


Michigan 




119,742 

24,668 

6,826 


Minnesota 


Iowa 






Total.. .. 


81,015 


76,710 




1 




Average 


8.4 


6.9 1 680,160 


526, 413 







TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The IcTcl of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops decreased about 3.6 per cent during November; in 
the past 6 years the price level has decreased during November 
2.5 per cent. 

On December 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 7.9 per 
cent lower than a year ago, 10.8 per cent higher than 2 years ago, 
and 0.9 per cent higher than the average of the past 6 yeai*s on 
December 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals decreased 4.9 per cent during the month from October 15 
to November 15. This compares with an average decline from 
October 15 to November 15 in the past 4 years of 4 per cent. 

On November 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — 
hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $6.80 per 100 pounds, which 
compares with $6.94 a year ago, S6.45 2 years ago, $5.44 3 years 
ago, and $6.47 4 years ago on November 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 33-39. 



AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SHIPPED INTO COTTON STATES. 

By Nat 0. Murray, Assistant Chief of Bureau. 

Tlie curtailed demand for the cotton crop, caused by the war, 
and the consequent reduction in values, should force, a greater 
iliversification of crop growth than is usually practiced in the cot- 
ton belt. In recent years the cotton States have produced about 
46 per cent of their wheat requirement and shipped in 54 per cent. 
Of corn ihcj have produced about 86 per cent and sliipped in 14 
per cent of their needs, notwithstanding corn is a southern grain. 
Of oats they have produced 75 per cent and shipped in 25 per cent 
of their requirements. Of hay, the local production has been about 
79 per cent and the importation from other States about 21 per cent 



THE AGBICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 



u 



of their total hay consumption. These form the bulk of field crops 
shipped into the cotton States. The total value of these four prod- 
ucts brought into those States amounts to nearly $200,000,000 
yearly, representing about 22 per cent of the total yearly consump- 
tion of these products in the cotton States. 

The approximate quantity and value of wheat (including flour), 
corn, oats, and hay brought into the cotton States yearly, by States, 
are sho\^'^l in Table 9. 

If the States themselves produced tliis quantity it would probably 
require 15,000,000 acres ; the area in cotton this year is about 37,000,000 
acres. 

Not only arc the cotton States large importers of grains and hay, 
but also of meats, amounting in value roughly to about $100,000,000 
in the cotton States exclusive of Texas and Oklahoma. 

Table 9. — Estimutcd quontitij and value of wheat (including flour), corn, oats, and hay, 
shipped into cotton States yearly. 



State. 



Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georfjia , 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mujsissippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Oklahoma 

Total, above 



Quantity (000 omitted). 



Wheat. Corn. Oats. Hav 



Bush. 
I,fi62 
5, 234 
6,006 
9,503 
3,575 

8,500 

7,280 

7,059 

15,084 

5,676 

2,394 

> 4, 666 



67,907 



Bush. 
3, 893 
5,276 
13,2-14 
10, 760 
7,232 

8,986 
11,212 

7,068 
40, 620 

4,897 
'2,124 
"5,415 



105,649 



Bush. 
1,074 
1,814 
3,007 
4,170 
1,813 

2,955 
1,230 
1,280 
9 438 

2,037 

1,535 

12,049 



28,304 



Tons. 
200 
100 

90 
130 

80 

90 

70 

70 

250 

100 
125 

"225 



1,080 



Value (000 omitted). 



Wheat. 



Dolls. 
1,079 
5,810 
7,748 

11,974 
4,504 

10,030 
7,717 
8.042 

15,235 

5,449 

2,418 

> 4,060 



76,546 



Corn. 



Dolls. 
2, 8(J3 
4,379 

11,787 
9,146 
5,930 

7, 189 

8,185 

4,806 

29, 653 

3,379 
11,381 
13,141 



82, 735 



Oats. 



Dolls. 

558 
1,125 
2,075 
2,836 
1,287 

1,921 
763 
730 

4, 813 

1,059 

768 

■861 



17,074 



Hay. 



Dolls. 
2,960 
1,520 
1,413 
2,119 
1,344 

1,206 
826 
840 

2,550 

1,110 

1,738 

'1,552 



16,074 



Total. 



Dolls. 
8,000 
12,834 
23,023 
26, 075 
13,065 

20,346 
17,491 
14,418 
52,251 

10,997 

3,543 

'9,614 



192,429 



' Shipped out. 



CALIFORNIA BARLEY SHIPPED TO NEW YORK. 

Over 1,000,000 bushels of barley were shipped by water from Cali- 
fornia to eastern United States ports, from the beginning of the cur- 
rent season (August, 1914) to December 11. Shipments to New 
York were about 842,000 bushels, to Philadelphia 169,000, and to 
Boston 21,000 bushels. The million bushels were carried in 16 
steamships, one of which made two voyages vvith barley cargoes. 
Some voyages were made in less than 25 days, while a few vessels 
had not reached New York at the end of 50 days. This exception- 
ally large movement over these routes was due, presumably, to the 
opening of the Panama Canal. 



14 FARMERS ' BULLETIN 645. 

COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS OF APPLES. 

Contributed by the Office of Markets and Rural Organization. 

Believing that a knowledge of cold-storage holdings of apples and 
their movement from storage would be of considerable value to 
growers, shippers, dealers, and others interested in apple distribution, 
the Office of Markets, on October 15, circularized the cold-storage 
warehouses in the country inquiring as to their v/illingness to cooper- 
ate in such work to the extent of submittmg semimonthly reports 
of apple holdings, on forms prepared by the office. In answer to this 
request, 255 storages, with a capacity of 5,465,310 barrels, replied, 
stating that their receipts of, and reservations for, apples at that time 
totaled 3,030,937 barrels. 

The mailing list of storages was increased during November, and 
at the end of the month another inquiry v/as sent out returnable 
December 1, asking for apple holdings on that date. Inasmuch as 
the 1912 apple crop was very similar in size to that of the current 
year, the storages were also asked to state their apple holdings on 
December 1, 1912, for comparison. In response to this inquiry, 289 
storages replied. Compilation of the answers received shows the 
following results : 

Apple holdings of 289 cold storages reporting on December 1, 1914, 
3,530,987 barrels. (This figure includes box apples, figured in terms 
of barrels.) 

The total apple holdings of these storages on December 1, 1912, 
were 3,124,070 barrels. 

Judging from the figures given by these storages, there were 
approximately 13 per cent more apples in cold storage on December 
1, 1914, than on December 1, 1912. With so large a number of 
storages reporting, it seems that this percentage ought to be a fair 
indication of storage conditions at the beginning of the present 
month as compared with the same date in 1912. 

It is well known that the list of storages which report-ed their 
holdings is in no wise complete. In fact, there is good reason to be- 
lieve that the total holdings reported are approximately only 60 to 
70 per cent of the amount in cold storage on December 1 of this year. 
This report is not published as showing the total cold-storage hold- 
ings on December 1. It is desired only to express the comparison 
between the cold-storage holdings this year and those on December 
1, 1912, in these 289 representative estabhshmcnts, so that those 
interested may draw their own conclusions. 

It is interesting to note the large percentage of the storage holdings 
subject to growers' orders. Averaging the replies from the 289 
storages reporting, it is estimated that approximately 39 per cent of 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 

the apples in storage on December 1, 1914, had been placed there by 
growers and were subject to removal under theh direction. 

Considering the value which semimontrdy reports on the apple hold- 
ings in cold storage would have to all parties interested in the move- 
ment, including the storages themselves, the Office of Markets feels 
somewhat disappointed that so many storages failed to report. 
Wlnle most of the cold-storage companies readily agreed to the sug- 
gestion, the results to date indicate that a large number are unwilling 
to make the reports requested. Forty-five storages reporting on 
October 15, 1914, with receipts and reservations of approximate!}^ 
one million barrels, failed to answer the second inquiry, v/hich was 
returnable December 1. 

The Office of Markets hopes to increase steadily the list of coop- 
erating cold storages, thus making its reports of apple holdings of 
increasing value. 

THE WHEAT CROP OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 

By Charles M. Daugherty, Statistical Scientist. 

In view of the probably urgent wheat requirement of Europe next 
spring, interest in the outcome of the crop now being Irarvested in the 
southern hemisphere is unprecedentedly tense. As the Australian 
crop, which last year attained for the first time the 100,000,000-bushel 
mark; is this year, in so far as exports are concerned, authoritatively 
pronounced a failure, world-wide attention is now concentrated upon 
the harvest now in progress in Argentina. Excepting these two, the 
other wheat-producing countries of the southern hemisphere yield 
quantities chiefly for native use and not of noteworthy commerciai 
importance. 

As the gi'eat wheat harvest of the northern hemisphere begins near 
the equator in March, so the lesser one of the southern hemisphere com- 
mences near the same latitude in the fu'st month of the transequatorial 
spring, September. Late that month and early in October, just when 
hai'vest in the northern hemisphere is nearing its close, is garnered 
the small crop of Ecuador, practically the only wheat-producing 
country on the globe bordermg on the equator. Thence dm-ing Octo- 
ber and November the harvest moves southward through Peru, 
Bohvia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. In none of these countries, 
however, is wheat gi'owing extensive ; Peru, the most important as a 
producer, has an annual output of only from 3,000,000 to 4,000,000, 
and Brazil of less than 3,000,000 bushels. What is popularly known 
as the ''wheat crop of the southern hemisphere" is grown in the vast 
producing regions of Argentina and Australia, and on the less exten- 
sive areas of New Zealand, Chile, Uruguay, and the Union of South 



16 FAEMEBS^ BULLETIN 6i5. 

Africa. In these countries, as a whole, cuttmg in its southward 
movement extends over the period from late November to raid-Feb- 
ruaiy. The duration of the southern hemisphere harvest, therefore, 
in its passage from the equator on the north to the extreme limits of 
wheat culture on the south, is about 5 months, whereas in the north- 
ern hemisphere the movement from the equator to the most northerly 
latitudes of its cultivation occupies a period of ahnost 8 months. 

Although the total quantity harvested south of the equator ordina- 
rily constitutes less than 8 per cent of the world crop, this wheat 
occupies on the markets of Europe a position pecuharly its own. 
Grown, for the greater part, in sparscty populated countries, whose 
demands for home consumption are hmited, a heavy proportion of the 
output, particularly of the two chief producers, Argentina and Aus- 
tralia, is annually available for export, and, as the harvest takes place 
during the winter months, a large part of the export surplus is 
enabled to be advantageously placed on the European markets in 
spring and early summer, when supplies from other sources are being 
reduced to low ebb. 

In Argentina, wliose exports of this cereal are annually ahnost 
double those of all other States and colonies of the southern hemi- 
sphere combined, the wheat-growing industry has been making re- 
markable progress for many years. Between 1890 and 1913 the area 
sown increased from 3,000,000 to 17,000,000 acres, production, 
though with wide annual vacillation, from 30,000,000 to 187,000,000 
bushels, and exports from 15,000,000 bushels to 103,000,000. The 
only strikingly exceptional 3'ear during the period was 1007-8, when 
from an area of 14,230,000 acres were harvested 192,000,000 bushels, 
resulting in an export surplus of 134,000,000 bushels. 

Ovv^mg to meteorological and other causes the Argentine wheat 
acreage has, since 1913, undergone contraction. The surface sown for 
the crop now being harvested amoinits to only 15,480,000 acres — 
671,000 acres less than that of last year and 1,615,000 less than that 
of 1912. Over most of the territory, according to late reports, the 
fields present an a.spect of exceptional promise, and the tendency 
is to hken the probable yield to that made in the baimer year 1907-8. 
The first official forecast of production puts the yield at 203,000,000 
bushels. Whatever the final outcome, it seems practically certain 
that the losses in Australia will reduce the net surplus for export from 
the southern hemisphere in 1915 to much below average, wdth 
Argentina almost the sole source of surplus supply. 

The statistical history of the wheat-growing industry and of the 
export trade in this cereal in Argentina during the past dozen years is 
shoA\m in the foUowing figures: 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 17 

Table 10. — Aieu, product iott, and exports of v:htut in Argentina. 



Crop year. 



! .\ rea sown. 



1902-3.. 
11)03-1.. 
1904-5. . 
1905-6.. 
1906-7. . 
1907-S. . 
190S-9.. 
1909-10. 
1910r-ll. 
1911-12. 
1912-13. 
1913-14. 



Acres. 
9, 131, 193 
10,674,720 
12,115,619 
14,023,649 
14,065,594 
14,232,928 
14,981,920 
14,422,115 
15,451,608 
17,042,487 
17.09.5,490 
16,241,883 
1914-15 ! 15, 480, 815 



Production. 



Bushels. 
103, 757, 772 
129,670,898 
150,743,199 
134,930,008 
155,991,397 
192, 487, 484 
156, 162, 327 
131,010,413 
145,981,263 
166,190,097 
187,391,000 
113,904,333 
1 203,000,000 



Exports. 



Calen. 
dar 
year. 



1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 



Flour. 



Bushels. 
67, 777, 558 
84,683,242 

105,390,205 
82,598,592 
98,501,601 

1.33,609,563 
92,377,517 
69, 209, 449 
8:3,993,460 
96,600,281 

103,327,728 

2 33,039,458 



Barrels. 

809,628 
1.206,884 
i; 628, 255 
1,450,964 
1,434,104 
1,276,643 
1,310,241 
1 , 298, 104 
t,332,72(> 
1,480,006 
1,402,047 
2 008,920 



Official prcharvcsl forecast. 



2 Exports Jan. 1 to Sept. 1. 1914. 



The Argenti.ue method of estimating yields invariably results in 
subsequent modifications of the preharrest forecasts. In August, 
the last month of the Argentine winter, the Department of Agri- 
culture collects from a corps of about 3,000 crop reporters statistics 
of the area sown to wheat in their respective districts. The estimate 
for the eaitire country is pubhshed in September. Later in the 
growing season, just before the grain reaches maturity, inquiries are 
made of the same corps of reporters as to the probable yield per acre. 
From these two factore the department c(nnpiles its preharvest 
estimate of production. This estimate, based uiDon the area actually 
sown, obviously takes no account of acreage abandoned and always 
differs materially from the final estimates of yield, which are based 
upon returns from tlu-ashing-inachine operators and therefore 
reflect the effects of losses from all causes. Although the mildness 
of the Argentine winters obA'iates damage from winter-kill, a con- 
siderable proportion of the surface sown is annually left unharvested 
because of destruction by locusts, frosts at the critical blooming 
period, drought, and excessive moisture. The extent of loss from 
these and minor causes during recent years is shown below: 

Area of wheat sown and harvested in Argentina, IDOS-'J to 191 i-l-S. 



Year. 


.Veres 
sown. 


Acres 
harvested. 


-Veres 
abandoned. 


1909-10 


14,422,115 
15,451,608 
17,042,487 
17,095,883 


13,229,900 
14, .514, 439 
15,736,633 
16, .560, .5,52 


1,192,215 


1910-11 


937, 169 


1011-12 


1,305,854 


l'>12-13 


532, 728 






73861°- 


-BuU. 645—14 3 









.18 FABMEES' BULLETIN 645. 

PURCHASING POWER OF FARMERS. 

By Nat C. Murray, Assistant Ch'cf of Bureau. 

The purcliasiiig power of the farmer depends not only upon the 
monc}" value of what he produces, but also upon the money value 
of what he buys. From 1899 to 1909 (census years) the money 
value of 1 acre of the farmer's crops increased 72.7 per cent, but in 
the same period the money value of the articles usually purchased 
by farmers had increased 12.1 per cent; consequently, as a result of 
the greater increase in the price of what a farmer sold than in the 
price of what he bought, the net increase in the purchasing power 
of the produce of 1 acre was 51 per cent; that is, 1 acre of the 
farmer's crop in 1909 could buy 54 per cent more of the articles 
usually bought by farmers than in 1899. 

In 1913 the value of 1 acre of the farmer's crops averaged about 
1.2 per cent higher than in 1909, whereas the value of articles bought 
by farmers had advanced in the same time about 5.7 per cent; 
conseciuently, as a result of the greater increase in the price of what 
the farmer buys than what he sells, the actual purchasing power of 
1 acre of the farmer's produce in 1913 was about 4.3 per cent less 
than in 1909. 

Similar data for 1914 have not yet been secured, but it niay be 
safely presumed that the purchasing pov.^er of 1 acre of the farmer's 
produce in 1914 is at least 5 per cent less than five years ago. In 
short, ther(^ was a material Increase in the purchasing power of 
farmers from 1896 to 1909, but since 1909 there has been a check to 
this rapid increase, with some reaction downward. 

The above estimates are based upon the value per acre of all the 
inipoi'tant crops combined. Considering corn, wheat, and cotton 
separately, it is found that the purchasing power of 1 acre of corn 
in 1913 w^as about 12 per cent greatv^r than in 1912, 1 per cent greater 
than in 1909, and 58 per cent greater than in 1899. The purchasing 
power of 1 acre of the 1914 corn crop is probably about 2 per cent 
greater than that of the 1913 crop. 

The purchasing powder of 1 acre of wheat in 1913 was the same as 
in 1912, 24 per cent less than in 1909, and 40 per cent more than in 
1899. The purchasing power of 1 acre of the 1914 wheat crop is 
probably about 34 per cent greater than that of the 1913 crop. 

The purchasing power of 1 acre of cotton (excluding the value of 
seed) in 1913 was 3 per cent less tlian in 1912, 5 per cent less than in 
1909, and 40 per cent more than in 1899. The purchasing power of 
1 acre of the 1914 cotton crop is probably about 35 per cent less 
than that of the 1913 crop. 

Upon the basis of the purchasing power of the value of 1 acre of 
produce, the year 1909 stands as the most prosperous for farmers of 
the past 50 years for wliich there are records. 



THE AGRICULiUKAL OUTLOOK. 



19 



Tables 11 and 12 show the comparative value of many articles 
frequently bought by farmers for 1913, 1912, 1909, and 1S99, and the 
quantities purchasable with 1 acre of produce. 



Table 11. — Comparatirc prices of articles purchased by farmers of United States, 1913, 

1912, 1909, and 1899. 

[Prices represent approximate!}' the same grade or quality of articles, in all years.] 



Articles. 



Coa! oil, gallon cents.. 

(iasoline, gallon do 

Cofl'ee, pound do 

Flour, barrel dollars. . 

Lard, pound cents. . 

Salt, baiTel dollars. . 

Starch, pound cents.. 

Sugar, pound do 

Tobacco, plug, pound do 

Brooms, each. do 

Dish pans, each do 

Dinner plates, set do 

Fniit jars, dozen do 

Kitchen chairs, each do 

Lamps, each do 

Stoves, each dollars. . 

Tin ]-)aiIs, each cent s . . 

Wooden buckets, each do 

Wooden washtubs, each <lo 

Gloves, pair do 

Hats, each dollars. . 

Jumpers, each cents. . 

Overalls, each do 

Men's suits, each dollars.. 

Raincoats, each do 

Rubber boots, pair dollars. . 

Shirts, flannel, each do 

Shoes, brogan, pair do 

Calico, yard cents. . 

Muslin, yard do 

Sheeting, yard do 

Axes, each do 

Uarb wire, 100 pounds dollars. . 

'Dung forks, each cents. . 

Hatchets, each do. . 

Lanterns, each do. . 

Nail.s, 100 pounds dollars 

Padlocks, each cents 

Pitchforks, each do. . 

Pincers, each do. . 

Saws, buck, each do. . 

Screw hooks, box do.. 

Screw eyes, box do. . 

Shot guns, each dollars 

Steel traps, each do. . 

Shovels, each do. . 

Staples, 100 pounds do . . 

Steel wire, 100 pounds do.. 

Wire fence, rod cents 

Axle grease, box do.. 

Buggies, each dollars. 

Buggy whips, each cents. 

Corn cutters, each do . . 

Cream separator,', each dollars. 

Churns, each do . . 



1913 



13.3 
21. S 
27. 0_ 
5. 75 
15.0 

1.75 
ti.8 ■ 
5.90 
41.8 
45.0 

41.4 
53.0 
78.8 
76.1 
62.0 

30.50 

25.1 

3.5.6 

93.1 

88.6 

1.91 
84.0 
92.0 
13.95 

5.10 

1.10 

1.48 
2.30 
6.80 
9.72 

20.2 

102.6 

3.03 

79.7 

64.0 

75. 6 
3. 0(5 
27.5 
62.0 
51.0 

86.0 
34.3 
32.7 
13.20 
2. 75 

80.3 

4.12 

3.71 

33.4 

10.2 

77.50 
43.3 
27.8 
6*!. 25 



13.1 
20.2 
29.0 
5.90 
14.9 

1.67 
6.8 
6.40 

4.48 
44.0 

41.3 
.52.6 
79.0 
75.0 
62.0 

29.69 
2.5.4 
3.5.3 
93.0 

88.6 

1.92 
81.5 
89.8 
14.25 



4.28 
L48 
2.17 
6.71 
9.53 

10.7 

102.0 

3.10 

79.4 

63.5 



3.10 
27.2 
61.0 
51.5 

86.0 
34.4 
32, 7 
13.30 



79.1 
4.13 
3.70 
34.0 
10.3 

76.00 
43.2 
27.8 
&S.60 
2.75 



18.9 
6.30 

15.5 



.5.80 
4.3.6 
36.7 

40.3 
.52.4 
78.4 
70.3 
60.7 

27. 40 
21.4 
32.0 
S2. 6 
S4.4 

1.S3 
71.0 
80.6 



Percentage, 1913, com- 
pared — 



5.00 

3.89 
L44 
1.94 
6.27 
9.00 

18.2 
100. 4 
.3.10 
72.7 
61.0 

86.9 
3.15 



56. 8 
51.0 

84.6 
33.2 
32.4 
13. 34 
2.76 

76. 8 
4.20 
3.76 
33.9 
10.0 

72.06 
42.1 
27.3 
71.53 
2.69 



1S99 



17.2 
4.76 
10.1 

1.33 

6.6 

.5.33 

40.3 

23.8 

37.1 
49.6 
72.8 
62.3 
58.0 

24.75 

23.0 

26.6 

70.4 

71.6 

1.67 

0.14 

65.6 



4. IS 

3.01 
1.21 
1.48 
.5. 02 
7.20 

H.3 
91.4 
2.96 
65.3 
56.2 

81.7 
2.98 



50.8 
48.0 

78.2 
31.6 
31.0 
14.52 
2.46 

70.0 
3.87 
3. .57 

32.0 
9.6 

65.99 
39. 8 
25.0 
78.52 
2. r!9 



With 
1912. 



101. 5 
107.9 
93.1 
97.5 
100.7 

104.8 
100: 
92.2 
100.0 
102.3 

100.2 
100. 8 
99.7 
101.5 
100.0 

102.7 

98. S 
100.8 
100. 1 
100.0 

99.5 
103.1 
102.4 
97.9 
97.1 

9.5.8 
100.0 
106.0 
101. 3 
102.0 

102.5 

100. 6 
97.7 

100.4 
100.8 

97.3 
98.7 
101.1 
101.6 
99.0 

100.0 
99.7 

100. 
99.2 

100.0 

101.5 
99.8 

100.3 
98.2 
99.0 

102.0 
100.2 
100. 
99,5 

100. 7 



With I With 
1909. i 1899. 



142.9 
91.3 
96.8 

113.6 
100. 
101.7 
103.8 
122.6 

102.7 
101.1 
100.5 
108.3 
102.1 

111.3 
102.9 
111.2 
112.7 
105.0 

101.6 
1J3.5 
114.1 



102.0 

105.4 
102.8 
118.6 
108.5 
108.0 

111.0 
102.2 
95.9 
109.6 
103.9 



109.2 
100.0 

101.7 
103.3 
100. 9 
99. 
99.6 

104.6 
98.1 
98.7 
98.5 

102. 

107.5 
102.9 
101.8 
95. 4 
103. 



20 



FAEMEES BULLETIN G45. 



Table 11. — Coinparative prices of articles purchased by farmers of United States. 1913, 
1912, 1909, and lS99—Conlhn\ed. 



Artit-les. 



Grindstones, each dollars. 

Halters, each cents. 

Harness, single, set dollars. 

Horse blankets, each do . . . 

Hoes, each cents. 

Harrows, ordinary, each dollars. 

Manure spreaders, each do . . . 

Mo wers, each do . . . 

Picks, each cents. 

riows, turning, each. dollars. 

Hand sprayers, each . . .' do . . . 

Scythes, each. cents. 

Saddles, each dollars. 

Tedders, e^ich do. . . 

Wagons, single, each do . . . 

Wagons, double, each do. . . 

W heelbarro ws, each do . . . 

Carbolic acid, crude, pound cents. 

Copperas, pound do. . . 

Lime, bairel dollars. 

Paris green, pound cents. 

Sulphu)-, pound do . . 

Baskets, .^-bushel, each do. . . 

Milk cans", lO-gallon, each do... 

Milk pails, each do.. . 

Paints, gallon dollars. 

Paint brushes, each cents. 

Rope hemj), pounds do. . . 

Sacks, gram, each do... 

Twine, binder, pound do. . . 

Coal, ton dollars. 

Fei'tilizer, ton do. . . 

Shingles, 1,000 do. . . 



3.57 

100.0 

15.50 

2.17 

4S.5 

12. IS 
102. 75 
4S.60 
72.9 
12. 06 

1.37 
105. 7 
18. 50 
41.00 
53.00 

77.45 
2.90 

22.5 
7.0 
1.37 

28.0 
S.O 

44.0 
2. 77 

50.' 6 

1.93 
72.5 
15.5 
19.0 
11.2 

G.90 

23. 40 

3.S7 



3.51 
99.0 
15. 10 

2.11 
48. 

12.16 
103. 00 

48.40 
72. 7 
12. 04 

1.40 
105.5 
17.50 
40.90 
51.60 

75.20 
2.85 

22.6 
7.0 
1.34 

29.0 
8.6 

43.0 
2.76 

50.7 

1.99 
72.1 
14.2 
18.0 
10.7 

6. 78 

23. 30 

3.75 



3.41 
88.5 
13. 53 

1.98 

44.8 

11.87 
103. 33 
47.23 
70.7 
11.45 



100.0 
16.56 
38. 42 

47.45 

68. S3 



21.3 

6.8 
1.29 



49.7 

1.56 
68.4 
13.6 
16.1 

8. 8 



3.10 
78.9 
11.30 

1.77 

38.8 

10.49 
100. 50 
46.01 
66.0 
10.76 



Percentage, 1913, com- 
pared— 



80.1 
14.52 
35.91 
44.47 

60.72 



18.2 
6.8 
1.12 

27.0 
8.5 

31.1 
2.56 

45.3 

1.25 
00.8 
12.4 
12.5 

8.2 



With 
1912. 



101.7 
101.0 
102. 6 
102.8 
101.0 

100.2 
99.8 
100. 4 
100. 3 
100.2 



97.9 
100.2 
105.7 
100.2 
102.7 

103. 
101.8 
99. 6 
100.0 
102. 2 

96. 6 
100.0 
102. 3 
100. 4 

99.8 

97.0 
100.6 
109. 2 
105.6 
104. 7 



With 
1909. 



101.8 
100.4 
103.2 



104.7 
113.0 
114.6 
109.6 
108.3 

102.6 
99.4 
102.9 
103.1 
105.3 



105. 7 
111.7 
106.7 
111.7 

112.5 



105.6 
102.9 

106. 2 

91.8 
101.2 
108.1 
103.4 
101. S 

123.7 
106.0 
114.0 
118.0 

127. 3 



With 



115.2 
126.7 
137.2 
122.6 
125.0 

116.1 
102.2 
105.6 
110.5 
112.1 



122. 8 
127.4 
114.2 
119.2 

127. 6 



123.6 
102.9 
122. 3 

103.7 
101. 2 
141.5 
108.2 
111.7 

154. 4 
119.2 
125.0 
152.0 
136.6 



i 



i 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 
Table 12. — I'urchasiiig poaer of 1 acre. 



21 



Quantities purchasable with 1 acre of— 



Article. 



Coal oil galls. 

Gasoline galls. 

Coffee lbs. 

Flour bbls. 

Lard lbs. 

Salt bbls. 

Starch lbs. 

Sugar lbs. 

Tobacco lbs. 

Brooms no. 

Dish pans no. 

Dinner plates sets. 

Fruit jars doz. 

Kitchen chairs*. no . 

Lamps no- 

Thi pails no. 

Wooden buckets no. 

Wooden washtubs 

tJloves 

Hats, felt 

Jumpers 

Overalls 

Men's suits 

Raincoats 



. . .no. 
.pairs. 
. . .no. 
. . .no. 
. . .no. 



. . .no. 



R ubber boots pairs . 



.. .no. 
. ])airs . 
...yds. 
...yds. 
. . .yds. 
... no . 
-lbs. 



Shirts. 
Shoes, broi 
Calico .... 
Muslin. . . 
Sheeting.. 

Axes 

Barb wire. 

Dung forks no 

Hatchets no.. 

Lanterns no. . 

Nails lbs.. 

Pitchforks no.. 

Pincers no. . 

Saws no.. 

Screw hooks no . . 

Screw eyes no . . 

Shotgims no. . 

Steel traps no . . 

Shovels no . . 

Staples lbs. . 

Steel wire lbs.. 

Wii'e fence rods . . 

Axle grease boxes. . 

Buggy whips no. . 

Corn cutters no. . 

Chums no . . 

Orindstones no . . 

Halters no.. 

Harness (single) no.. 

Horse blankets no. . 

Hoes no.. 

Picks no. . 

Scythes no. . 

Carbolic acid lbs. . 

Copperas !bs. . 

Lime bbls.. 

I'aris green lbs. . 

Sulphur lbs. . 

Baskets (half-bushel) . . no. . 
Milk cans (10-gallon). ..no. . 

Milk pails no. . 

Linseed oil galls. . 

Paints(readymi.xed). galls. . 

Paint brushes no. . 

Rope (hemp) lbs. . 

Sacks (grain) no.. 

Twine, bmder lbs. . 

Coal tons.. 

Shingles M.. 




22 FARMEES' BULLETIN 645. 

Table l^.— Acreage and yield per acre of specified crops in 1914, 191J, 1909, and 1899. 





Acres (000 omitted). 




Yield per acre.' 




Crop. 


1914 


1913 


1909 
(census). 


1899 
(census). 


1914 


1913 


1909 
(census). 


1899 
(census). 




103. 435 

53.541 

38,442 

7.565 

2,541 

792 

3,708 

603 

49,145 

1,224 

1,885 

694 

30,722 


105,820 

50,184 

38,399 

7,499 

2.557 

805 

3.668 

625 

48,954 

1,216 

2,291 

827 

37,089 


98,383 

44.263 

35,159 

7,699 

2,196 

878 

3,669 

641 

51.041 

1,295 

2,083 

610 

32,044 


94.914 

52,-589 

29, 540 

4,470 

2,054 

807 

2,939 

537 

43.127 

1,101 

2.111 

342 

24,275 


25.8 
16.6 
29.7 
25.8 
16.8 
21.3 

109. 5 
93.8 
1.43 

845.7 
8.3 
34.1 

207.9 


23.1 
15.2 
29.2 
23.8 
16.2 
17.2 
90.4 
94.5 
1.31 

784.3 

7.8 

31.1 

182.0 


25.9 
15.4 
28.6 
22.5 
13.4 
10.9 

106. 1 
92.4 
1.35 

815.3 
9.4 
35.8 

149. 3 


28.1 


Wheat 


12.5 


Oal.s 


31.9 




26.8 


Rye 


12.4 




13.9 




93.0 


Sweet potatoes 


79.1 
1. 25 


Tobacco 


788.1 
9.5 




26.3 


Cotton 


187.7 






Total above 


300,297 


299, 934 


279.961 


258.806 
























311.293 


283,218 

























' Hay in tons, tobacco and cotton in pounds, other crops in bushels. 

2 Total acreage of crops having acreage reports in the census returns: it excludes some crops, such as 
maple sugar and sirup and forest products of farms; also such as orchard fruits, grapes, tropical fruits and 
nuts, the number of trees and vines having been secured in lieu of acreage. 



Table 14.- 



■Total prodncfion and value (in viillions) of specified crops. 1914, 191S. 190'>, 
and 1S99. 





rroduction (000,000 omitted). ^ 


Value (on basis of prices, Dec. 
farmers) (000,000 omitted). 


1,' to 


Crop. 


1914 


1913 


1909 
(census). 


1899 
(census). 


1014 


1913 


1 
1909 


1899 


Corn 


2,673 

891 

1,141 

195 

43 

17 

403 

57 

70 

l,a35 

16 

24 

7,637 


2,447 

763 

1,122 

178 

41 

14 

332 

59 

64 

954 

IS 

26 

6,772 


2,552 

683 

1,007 

173 

30 

15 

389 

59 

69 

1,0.56 

20 

22 

4,783 


2,066 

659 

943 

120 

26 

11 

273 

43 

54 

868 

20 

9 

4,. 558 


SI, 703 

879 

499 

106 

37 

13 

199 

41 

779 

101 

20 

22 

520 


SI, 692 

610 

440 

90 

20 

10 

228 

43 

797 

122 

21 

22 

825 


?1,477 

674 

405 

94 

21 

10 

211 

41 

722 

107 

30 

17 

665 




8791 


AVbcat 


387 


Oats 


210 




46 


Rve 


13 




6 


Potatoes 


110 


Sweet potatoes 


22 
4;?9 




62 


Flaxseed . 


20 


Rice 


6 


Cotton 


319 






Total 










4,919 


4,932 


4,474 




2,431 















1 Hay in tons, tobacco and cotton in pounds, other crops in bushels. 



THE AGRICULTUBAL OUTLOOK. 



23 



TvBLE 15. — Prices nf sjyedjied products, and value per acre, 1914, 1913. 1909, and 

1899. 



Crop. 


Farm pricR 


, Dec. 


l.>— 


Value per acre; basis, Dec. 1 
price. 


Per cent of increase or 
decrease in vaUio per 
acre, 1914, compared— 


1914 


1913 


1909 


1899 


1014 


1913 


1909 


1899 


With 
1913. 


With 

1909. 


With 
ISO'ci. 




63.7 
98. 6 
43.8 
54.3 

86.5 
76.4 
48.9 
73.0 
11.1 

9.8 
125. 6 
92.4 

6.S 


69.1 
79.9 
39.2 
53.7 
63.4 
75. 5 

68. 7 
72.6 
12.4 
12.8 

119.9 

85. 8 
12.2 


57.9 
98.6 
40.2 
54.0 
71.8 
70.1 
54.1 
69.4 
10.5 
10.1 
1.52.9 
79.6 
13.9 


29.6 

.58. 8 

22.3 

38.7 

49.5 

50.1 

40.1 

52.9 

8.2 

7.2 

98.0 

70.0 

7.0 


$16. 46 
16.41 
12.99 
14.00 
14.57 
16.28 
53. 56 
68. 48 
15. 85 
82. 89 
10.37 
31.50 
14. 15 


S15.99 
12.16 
11.45 
12.77 
10. 25 
12.98 
62. 13 
68.61 
16. 2S 

100.72 
9.34 
26.71 
22.25 


S15.02 
15.22 
11.. 52 
12. 15 
9.64 
11.78 
57.42 
64.04 
14.15 
82. 32 
14.. 30 
28.50 
20.75 


$8. 33 

7.36 

7.12 

10.3.5 

6.17 

7.79 

37. 34 

41.89 

10.19 

56. 40 

9.30 

18.51 

13.14 


P.ct. 
4- 2.9 

+.35. 
+13.4 
+ 9.6 
+ 42.1 
+ 25.4 
-13.8 

- 0.2 

- 2.6 
-17.7 
+ 11.0 
+ 17.9 
-36.4 


P.ct. 
+ 9.6 
+ 7.8 
+12.8 
+ 1.5.2 
+51.1 
+38.2 
- 6.7 
+ 6.9 
+12.0 
+ 0.7 
-27.5 
+ 10.5 
-31.8 


P.CL 

+ 97.6 


Wheat 

Oats 


+ 12:5.0 
+ 82.4 


Barlev 


+ 35.3 


Rye." 


+ 136.1 


Buckwheat 


+ 109.0 


Potatoes 


+ 43.4 


Sweet potatoes 

Hay, tame 


+ 63.5 
+ 55.5 


Tobacco 


+ 47.0 


Flaxseed 

Rice 


+ 11.5 
+ 70.2 


Cotton 


+ 7.7 






Total 




1 




16.38 


10.44 


15.98 


9.39 


- 0.4. 


+ 2.5 


+ 74.4 






1 







1 Hay in dollars per ton, tol)acco and cotton in cents per pound, other crops m cents per bnshel. 

Table 16. — Yearly value per acre of 10 crops combined. 

[Corn, wheat, oats, barlev. rye, buckwheat, potatoes, hay, tobacco, and cotton, which comprise nearly nn 
per cent of the area in all field crops, the average vahie per acre of which closely ai)proximatcs the vah:o 
per acre of the aggregate of all crops.] 



1914 $16.27 

1913 16.36 

1912 15.63 

1911 15.26 

1910 15.53 

1909 16.00 

1908 15.32 

1907 14.74 

1906 13.46 

1905 13.28 

1904 13.26 

1903 12.62 

1902 12.07 



1901 $11.43 

1900 10.31 

1899 9.13 

1898 9.00 

1897 9.07 

1896 7.94 

1895 S. 12 

1894 9.06 

1893 9.50 

1892 10.10 

1891 11.76 

1890 11.03 

18S0 8.99 



1888 $10.30 

1887 10.14 

1886 9.41 

1885 9.72 

1884 9.95 

1883 10.93 

1882 12.93 

1881 13.10 

1880 13.01 

1879 13.26 

1878 10.37 

1877 12.01 i 

187G 10.80 I 



1875.... 


. .. $12.20 


1874.... 


. . . 13. 25 


1873.... 


. . . 14. 19 


1872.... 


. . . 14. 86 


1871.... 


. . . 15. 74 


1870.... 


. . . 15. 40 


1869.... 


. . . 14. 67 


1868.... 


... 14.17 


1867.... 


. . . 15. 09 


1866 


... 14.17 







Chart .showing the value per acre of 10 crops combined (^corn, wheat, oats, barley , rye, [nick wheat, potatoes, 
hay , tobacco, and cotton) , represent ing about 90 per cent of the total cultivated area of the U nited States. 



24 



farmers' bulletin 645. 



4CREAGE, YIELD PER ACRE, PRODUCTION, PRICE, AND TOTAL VALUE 
OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, 1914, AND ACREAGE AND CONDITION OF WIN- 
TER WHEAT AND RYE. 

Table 17. — ('orn: Estimates of dcreage. prodartioa, mid value. 1914 and 191.J. 



State. 


Acreage 
(000 omitted). 


Yield 
per acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


Price per 

bushel. 

Dee. 1, to 

producers. 


Value based on 
prices, Dec. 1, to 
producers (000 
omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


Vaine 


Acres. 
16 
21 
45 
48 
11 

. 61 
5.50 
272 
1,46;^ 
197 

663 
1,921 

732 

2,835 

■ 1,975 

4,000 

700 

-3.650 

4,949 
10, .340 

1,7,50 
1.725 
2,600 
10, 248 
7,200 

500 
3,000 
7,100 
.5,850 
3,650 

3,350 
3,264 
3, 150 
2, COO 
6,400 

4,000 

2,400 

.50 

21 

402 

92 
18 
12 
1 
19 

36 
22 
60 


Acres. 
16 
22 
45 


Bu. 
46.0 
46.0 
47.0 


Bu. 
38.0 
37.0 
37.0 
40.5 
36.5 

.38.5 
28.5 
39.5 
39.0 
31.5 

33.0 
26.0 
31.0 
19, 5 
19.5 

1.5. 5 
15.0 
37.5 
36.0 
27.0 

33.5 
40.5 
40.0 
34.0 
17.5 

28.8 
25.5 
15.0 
3.2 
20.5 

20.5 
17.3 
20.0 
22.0 
24.0 

11.0 
19.0 
31.5 
29.0 
15.0 

18.5 
28.0 
34.0 
34.0 
32.0 

28.0 
28.5 
33.0 


Bushels. 

736 

966 

2, 115 

2, 256 

- 462 

2,806 
22,550 
10, 472 
62, 178 

7,092 

24,. 531 
39,380 
22, 092 
57,5.50 
36, 538 

.56,000 

11,200 

142, 715 

ia3,317 

.300,034 

63,000 
69, 862 
91,000 
389, 424 
158, 400 

14,000 
78,000 
173,9.50 
108, 225 
91,250 

80,400 
.55, 488 
58, 275 
3.S,600 
124,800 

.50,000 

42, 000 

1,400 

525 

10, 626 

2, .576 
576 
420 
36 

589 

972 

660 

2,160 


Bushels. 

608 

814 

1,665 

1,944 

402 

2,348 
15,020 
10,862 
57,0.57 

6, 206 

22,110 
51, 480 
22,692 
55, 282 
38, 512 

63,023 
10, 125 
146, 250 
176.400 
282, 1.50 

56, 112 
66, .825 
06,000 
338,300 
129, 062 

10, 800 
67,320 
114,150 
2:^,424 
74, 825 

68,675 
55,360 
6:?,000 
41,800 
163, 200 

.52,250 

47,025 

882 

493 

6,300 

1,572 
476 
340 
34 

448 

952 

598 

1,815 


Cis. 
88 
82 
81 
85 
98 

89 
S3 
76 
73 
62 

68 
81 
83 
86 
92 

85 
80 
61 
58 
61 

67 
65 
52 
50 

68 

58 
.50 
53 
63 
64 

68 
80 
73 

75 
74 

64 
80 
76 
70 
60 

80 
120 

75 
110 

72 

73 
82 

87 


Cis. 
87 
81 
81 
85 
99 

85 
81 
75 
72 
59 

65 
76 
80 
88 
97 

91 
82 
63 
60 
63 

67 
60 
53 
60 
74 

52 
56 
65 
78 
76 

89 

77 
82 

72 
78 
77 
80 
73 

75 
110 

70 
118 

68 

SO 
70 

88 


Dollars. 

648 

792 

1,713 

1,918 

453 

2,497 
18, 716 

7,9.59 
45,390 

4,397 

16,681 
31,898 
18,834 
49, 493 
33, 615 

47,600 
8,960 
87,0.56 
94,724 
183,021 

42,210 
"4.5,410 

47,320 
194, 712 
107, 712 

8,120 
39,(X)0 
92, 194 
68, 182 
58,400 

.54,672 
44,. 390 
42, ,541 
28,9.50 
92,352 

32,000 
33,000 

1,064 
368 

6,376 

2, 061 

691 

315 

40 

424 

710 
541 

1,879 


Dollars. 
.529 


New Hampshire. . .. 
Verrfloiit 


659 
1,349 


Massachusetts 

Khode Island 

roiinecticut 


48 
11 

61 


47.0 
42.0 

46.0 


1,652 
398 

1,996 


New York ... 


527 

275 

1,46;} 

197 

070 
1,980 


41.0 
38.5 
42.5 
36.0 

37.0 
20.5 


12, 166 


New Jersey ..... 


8,146 


Feiuisylvania . . , 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia.. . 


41,081 
3,662 

14,372 
39, 125 


West Vii-ginia 

North Carolina. 

South Carolina 


732 31. 
2,835 ! 20.3 
1,975 18.5 

4,066 14.0 
675 10. 
3,900 39.1 
4,900 33.0 
10,450 ; 29.0 


18, 1.54 
48, 648 
37,357 

57,351 


Florida 


8,302 


Ohio . .. 


92, 138 


Indiana 

lllmois 


105,840 
177,754 


Michigan 

Wisconsiai 


1,675 

1,650 

2,400' 

9,950 

7,375 


36.0 
40.5 
. 35. 
38.0 
22.0 


37,595 
40, 095 


Minnesota 


50,880 


Iowa 


202,980 
95, 506 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 


375 ' 28.0 
2,640 : 26.0 
7,610 : 24.5 
7,320 ' 18.5 
3, 850 : 25. 

3,350 1 24.0 
3,200 17.0 


,5,616 
37,699 
74,198 
18,271 
56,867 


Tennessee 

Alabama 


52,880 
49,270 


Mississippi 


3, 1.50 
1,900 
6,800 

4,750 

2,475 

28 

17 

420 

85 
17 
10 

1 
14 

34 

21 

■ 55 


18.5 
19.3 
19.5 

12.5 
17. 5 
28.0 
2.5.0 
23.0 

28.0 
32.0 
35.0 
36.0 
31.0 

27.0 
30.0 
36.0 


48,510 
32, 186 


Texas 


133, 824 
37, 620 




36,680 




679 


Wyoming 


394 


Colorado 


4,599 


New Mexico 


1,179 
524 


Utah 


238 


Nevada 


40 


Idaho 


305 


Washijigton . 


762 


Oregon 

California 


419 
1,597 






United States. 


103,435 


105,820 


2,5.8 


23.1 


2, 672, 804 


2,446,9.88 


63.7 


' 69.1 

1 


1,702, .599 


1,692,092 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 25- 

Table 18. — Winter uhcat: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 101.3.. . 



Acreage 
(000 omitted). 



Yield 

per acre. 



State. 



Acres. 

New York 3(50 

New Jersey 79 

Pennsylvania j 1.312 

Delaware I 114 

Maryland 612 



Virginia , 

West Virginia.. 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 
Georgia 



779 
236 
611 
SO 
140 



Ohio 1,975 

Indiana 2,485 

IlUuois 2.500 

Michigan I 879 

Wisconsin I 85 

Minnesota i 50 

Iowa ' 510 

Missouri i 2, 549 

South Dakota ! 09 

Nebraska 3,325 



Kansas 

Kentucky. - 
Tennessee.. 
.\labama... 

Mississippi. 



Texas 

Oklahoma. 
Arkansas.. 
Montana . . 
Wyoming. 



Colorado 

New Mexico . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 



Idalio 

Washingt03i. 

Oregon 

California. . . 



United States. 



S,600 

760 

720 

31 

1 

1,082 

2,525 

125 

481 

45 

250 
45 
31 

223 
18 

339 
960 
622 
400 



1913 



36,008 



Acres. 

340 

80 

1,286 

113 

610 

780 
235 
605 
79 
140 

1,950 

2, 150 

2.240 

835 

87 

50 
450 

2,315 
100 

3,125 

0, 655 

725 

700 

32 

1 

780 

1,750 

101 

480 

40 

200 
35 
29 

200 
16 

310 

1,200 

575 

300 



31,699 



1914 1913 



Bu. 
22.5 
18.0 
18.1 
20.5 
21.5 

14.5 
15.0 
12.0 
11.5 
12.1 

18.5 
17.4 
18.5 
19.7 
21.5 

19.5 
21.6 
17.0 
14.0 
19.3 

20.5 
16.5 
15.5 
13.0 
13.0 

13.0 
19.0 
13.0 
23.0 
24.0 

25.0 
25.0 
28.0 
25.0 
29.0 

27. 5 
26.5 
22.0 
17.0 



19.0 



Bu. 
20.0 
17.6 
17.0 
14.5 
13.3 

13.6 
13.0 
11.7 
12.3 
12.2 

18.0 
18.5 
18.7 
15.3 
20.1 

16.2 
23.4 
17.1 
9.0 
18.6 

13.0 
13.6 
12.0 
11.7 
14.0 

17.5 
10. 
13.0 
25.6 
25.0 

21.1 
18.6 
32.0 
23.0 
23.0 

27.4 
27.0 
21.4 
14.0 



16. 



Total production 
(000 omitted). 



1914 



Bushels. 
8,100 
1,422 
23,747 
2,337 
13, 158 

11,296 

3,. 540 

7,332 

920 

1,694 

36, 538 
43,239 
46,2,50 
17,316 
1,828 

975 
11,016 
43,. 333 

966 
64, 172 

176,300 

12,540 

11,160 

403 

13 

14,066 
47,975 

1,625 
11,063 

1,080 

6,250 
1,125 

868 
5, 575 

522 

9,322 
25.440 
13,684 

6,800 



1913 



684,990 



Bushels. 
6, 800 
1,408 
21,862 
1,638 
8, 113 

10, 608 

3,055 

7.078 

972 

1.708 

35, 100 
39, 775 
41,888 
12,770 
1.749 

SIO 
10,530 
39.. 586 

900 

58. 125 

,S6. 515 

9,860 

8.400 

374 

14 

13.650 

17,. 500 

1,313 

12,288 
1.000 

4.220 
6.51 
928 

4.600 
368 

8, 494 
32,400 
12,305 

4,200 



Price per 

bushel, 

Dec. 1, to 

producers. 



Value based on 
prices, Dec. 1, to 
producers (000 
omitted) . 



1914 1913 



523,561 



Cts. 
108 
109 
104 
109 
106 

108 
108 
117 
145 
134 

105 
103 
101 
103 
100 

102 
96 
98 
94 
95 

95 
103 
105 
126 
125 



92 
99 
91 

89 

87 
90 
125 
86 
95 

87 
100 
102 
104 



98.6 



Cts. 
93 
96 
91 

88 
89 

96 
100 
106 
130 
120 

90 

88 
86 
89 

82 

76 
76 
84 



79 
96 
98 
115 
95 

94 
82 
90 
66 
72 



97 
110 
73 
82 

63 
73 
75 
95 



82.9 



Dollars. 
8,748 
1,.550 

24,697 
2,547 

13,947 

12,200 
3,823 
8,578 
1,334 
2, 270 

38,365 
44,536 
46,712 
17,835 

1,828 

994 
10,. 575 
42,466 

908 
00. 9a3 

167,485 

12.916 

11.718 

508 

16 

13,925 

44,137 

1,609 

10.067 

961 

5.4.38 
1,012 
1,085 
4,794 
496 

8,110 
25,440 
13,958 

7,072 



1913 



Dollars. 
6,324 
1,352 
19,894 
1,441 
7,221 

10,184 
3,055 
7,503 
1,264 
2,050 

31,590 
35, 002 
36,024 
11,371 
1,434 

616 

S,003 

33.252 

639 
41,269 

68,347 

9,466 

8,232 

430 

13 

12, 831 

14,350 

1,182 

8,110 

720 

3,292 
631 

1,021 

• 3,358 

302 

5,351 

23,652 

9,229 

3,990 



675,623 I 4.33,995 



26 farmers' bulletin 645. 

Table 19. — Sprinj uheaJ: Eslimates of acreage, producfion, and value. 1014 and 191 ■: 



State. 


Acreage 
(000 omitted). 


Yield 
per acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


Price per 

bushel, 

Dec. 1, to 

producers. 


Value based 011 
prices, Dec. l, to 
producers (000 
omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 1913 




Acres. 

3 

1 

99 

4,000 

300 

7,28.5 
3.400 

343 
60 

429 

55 
225 
31 
68 
27 

210 
820 
177 


Acres^ 

1 

103 

4,150 

345 

7,510 
3.675 

350 
55 

390 

50 
260 
30 
65 
23 

200 

1.100 

175 


Bu. 
27.0 
20 
17.0 
10.5 
13.5 

11.2 
9.0 
11.5 
15.0 
17.0 

22.0 
22.5 
23,0 
25.0 
30.0 

24.0 
20.0 
16.5 


Bu. 
25. 5 
24.5 
18.6 
16.2 
17.0 

10.5 
9.0 

12.0 
8.5 

21.5 

2.5.0 
21.0 
19.0 
28.0 
31.0 

28.0 
19.0 
19.5 


Bushels. 

81 

29 

1,68:3 

42,000 

4,050 

81,592 
30,600 

3,944 
900 

7,293 

1,210 
5,062 

713 
1,700 

810 

5,040 
16,400 
2,920 


Bushels. 

76 

24 

1,916 

67,230 

5, 865 

78.855 

33.075 

4.200 

468 

8,385 

1,250 
5,460 

570 
1,820 

713 

5,000 
20,900 
3,412 


as. 

109 
100 
100 
102 
96 

101 
94 
95 
95 
91 

89 
87 
90 
86 
95 

87 
100 
102 


Cts. 

101 

100 

82 

76 

76 

73 
71 
71 

79 
60 

72 
78 
97 
7-3 
82 

63 
73 
75 


Dollars. Dollars. 

88 77 




29 ; 24 




1,683 1 1,571 




42,840 1 51.095 




3,888 


4.457 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 


82,408 
28. 764 

3,747 
855 

6, 637 

1,077 
4.404 

642 
1,462 

770 

4, 385 
16,400 
2,978 


57.5frl 
23.483 
2,982 




370 


Montana 


5,5.34 




000 




4.259 


New Mexico 

Utah 


553 
1,329 


Nevada 


585 
3,528 


Washington 


15, 257 


Oregon 


2,559 


United States. 


17,533 


18,485 


11.8 


13.0 


206,027 


239,819 


98.6 


73.4 


203,057 


176, 127 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 27 

Table 20. — Wheat: Estimates of acreage, j)roducfion, and rahie, 1914 and 1913. 



State. 



Maine 

\'ermont 

New York 

New Jersey . . . 
renusylvania . 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virgiuia 

West Virginia. 
North Carolina 

Soutli Carolina 

tteorgia 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missomi 

North Dakota. 
Sonth Dakota. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico . . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington. . . 

Oregon 

California 

United States . 













Price per 


Vahie based on 


Acreage 


Yield 


Total production 


bushel, 


prices, 


Dec. 1, to 


(000 omitted). 


per acre. 


(0*J0 omitted). 


Dec. 


l.to 


producers (00(J 












producers. 


omitted). 


19U 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


Acres. 


Acres. 


Bu. 


Bu. 


Bmhd.'i. 


Bushels. 


Cis. 


Cts. 


Do!!ar.s. 


Dollars. 


3 


3 


•27.0 


25.5 


81 


76 


109 


101 


88 


77 


1 


1 


29.0 


24.5 


29 


24 


100 


100 


29 


24 


360 


340 


22.5 


20.0 


8,100 


6,800 


108 


93 


8,748 


6,32^ 


79 


80 


18. 17. 6 


1,422 


1,408 


109 


96 


1,550 


1,35-' 


1,312 


1,286 


18.1 


17.0 


23,747 


21, 862 


104 


91 


24,697 


19,89i 


114 


113 


20.5 


14.5 


2,3-37 


1,638 


109 


88 


2,547 


1,441 


612 


610 


21.5 


13.3 


13, 158 


8,113 


106 


89 


13,947 


■ 7,225 


779 


780 


14.5 


13.6 


11,296 


10,603 


108 


96 


12,200 


lO.lSi 


236 


235 


15.0 


13.0 


3,540 


3, 055 


108 


100 


3,823 


3,05: 


611 


605 


12.0 


11.7 


7,332 


7,078 


117 


108 


8,578 


7,50: 


80 


79 


11.5 


12.3 


920 


972 


145 


1.30 


1,334 


1,264 


140 


140 


12.1 


12.2 


1,694 


1,708 


134 


120 


2,270 


2,051! 


1,975 


1,950 


18.5 


18.0 


36, 538 


35, 100 


105 


90 


38,365 


31,590 


2,485 


2,150 


17.4 


18.5 


43, 239 


39,775 


103 


88 


44,536 


35,00-' 


2,500 


2,240 


IS. 5 


18.7 


46, 250 


41,888 


101 


86 


46,712 


36,024 


879 


835 


19.7 


15.3 


17,316 


12,776 


103 


89 


17, &35 


11,371 


184 


190 


19.1 


19.3 


3,511 


3,665 


100 


82 


3,511 


3,005 


4,050 


4,200 


10.6 


16. 2 


42, 975 


68,040 


102 


76 


43,834 


51,7H 


810 


795 


1H.6 


20.6 


15,066 


16,395 


96 


76 


14, 463 


12, 46(> 


2,549 


2,315 


17.0 


17.1 


43,333 


39,586 


98 


84 


42, 466 


33,252 


7,28.5 


7,510 


11.2 


10.5 


81,592 


78, 855 


101 


73 


.82, 408 


57,564 


3,469 


3,775 


9.1 


9.0 


31,566 


33, 975 


94 


71 


29, 672 


24, 122 


3, 668 


3, 47,^ 


IS. 6 


17.9 


68, 116 


62,325 


95 


71 


64,710 


44.251 


S,660 


0,710 


20. 5 


13.0 


177, 200 


86, 983 


95 


79 


168,340 


68,717 


760 


725 


16.5 


13.6 


12, 540 


9,860 


103 


96 


12, 916 


9, 466 


720 


700 


15.5 


12.0 


11,160 


8, 400 


105 


98 


11,718 


8,232 


31 


32 


13.0 


11.7 


403 


374 


126 


115 


508 


430 


1 


1 


li.O 


14.0 


13 


14 


125 


95 


16 


13 


1,082 


780 


1 !. 


17.5 


14,066 


13,650 


99 


91 


13,925 


12,8;3l 


2,525 


1,750 


19.0 


10.0 


. 47,975 


17,500 


92 


82 


44,137 


11,350 


125 


101 


13. 


13.0 


1,625 


1,313 


99 


90 


1,609 


1, 182 


910 


870 


20. 2 


23. 8 


18,356 


20, 673 


91 


66 


16,704 


i:i,64i 


100 


90 


22. 9 


25.0 


2,290 


2,250 


89 


72 


2.038 


1,620 


475 


460 


23. 8 


21.0 


11,312 


9,680 


87 


7S 


9,842 


7,55i 


76 


65 


24.2 


18.8 


1,838 


1,221 


90 


97 


1,654 


1,184 


31 


29 


28.0 


32.0 


868 


928 


125 


110 


1,085 


1,021 


291 


265 


25.0 


24.2 


7,275 


0,420 


.86 


7.i 


6,256 


4.687 


45 


39 


29.6 


27.7 


1,332 


1,081 


95 


82 


1,266 


887 


549 


510 


26.2 


27.6 


14,362 


14,034 


87 


63 


12, 495 


8,879 


1,780 


2,300 


23.5 


23.2 


41,840 


53,300 


100 


73 


41,840 


38,909 


799 


750 


20.8 


21.0 


16,604 


15,717 


102 


75 


16,9.36 


11,788 


400 


300 


17.0 


14.0 


6,800 


4,200 


104 


95 


7,072 


3,990 


53,541 


50,184 


16.6 


15.2 


891,017 


763,380 


98.6 


79.9 


878. 680 


610, 122 



28 farmers' bulletin 64.5. 

T.'iBLE 21. — Oats: Estiinales of acreage, 'production, and value, 1914 and 1913. 



State. 


Acreage 
(000 omitted). 


Yield 
per acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted), 

- 


Price per 

bushoj, 

Dec. 1, to 

producers. 


Value based on 
prices, Dec. 1, to 
producers (000 
omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


Maine 


Acres. 

141 

12 

79 



11 
1.275 

07 
1,073 

4 

43 
191 
105 
250 
375 

450 

50 

1 , 050 

1,575 

4,300 

1,515 
2,300 
3,040 
5,000 
1,200 

2,318 
1,000 
2,175 
1 . 700 
175 

350 
390 
100 
70 
y(KJ 

1,100 
200 
530 
225 
325 

52 

8 

95 

13 

332 

297 
304 
220 


Acres. 

140 
12 
79 
9 

U 

1.275 

70 

1,1.54 
4 

45 
195 
1!5 
230 
360 

420 

50 

!,.S00 

1,700 

4,375 

1,500 
2,275 
2,980 
4,880 
1,250 

2,250 
1,590 
2,250 

1,700 
100 

300 

325 

140 

45 

1,000 

] , 030 
240 
500 
220 
305 

50 

90 

11 

325 

300 
300 
210 


Bu. 

41.0 
38.0 
42. 5 
37.0 
27.5 

29.0 
31.5 
29.0 
30.0 

27.0 

27.0 
15.5 
20.0 
17.5 
20.0 

20.0 
18.0 
30. 5 
28.5 
29.3 

33.5 
27.0 
28.0 
33.0 
21.5 

28.0 
27.5 
32. 
33.5 
21.0 

23.0 
22. 
23.0 
23. 
25.0 

27.5 
24.0 
35.0 
35.0 
40.0 

38.0 
42.0 
50. 
52.0 
44.0 

47.0 
35.0 
35.0 


Bu. 

40.0 
35.0 
39.0 
.35.0 
26.0 

28. 
33.5 
29. 
31.0 
30.5 

28.0 
21.5 
24.0 
19.5 
23.5 

22.0 
18.0 
30.2 
21.4 
23.8 

30.0 
30.5 
37.8 
34.5 
21.2 

25.7 
26.5 
20.5 
19.5 
19.8 

21.0 
20.5 
20.0 
22.0 
32.5 

18.0 
20. 5 
43.5 
38.0 
35.0 

30.0 
43.0 
40. 
43.0 
•JO. 5 

47.5 
42.3 
31.0 


Bushels. 

5,781 
456 

3,358 

333 

55 

319 

40,162 

1.943 

32.190 

108 

1,161 
2,900 
2,100 
4,375 
7,500 

9,000 

900 

50,. 325 

44,888 

125,990 

50, 752 
02.100 
85; 120 
10.5,000 
25,800 

04,904 
44, 105 
09, 600 
58,900 
3,675 

8,0.30 
8,580 
3,080 
1.010 
22,500 

30,250 
0,240 

18,5.50 
7, 875 

13,000 

1,976 

■ 336 

4,750 

670 
14,008 

13,9.59 
]2,740 
7,700 


Bushels. 

5,600 

420 

3,081 

315 

52 

308 
42,712 
2.030 

35,774 
122 

1,200 
4,192 
2,700 

4,4,S5 
8,400 

9,240 

900 

54,3(iO 

3ti.38(l 

104.125 

15,0(K) 
83,038 
112. 041 
108,360 
26,500 

57,825 
42, 135 
59,625 
34,320 
3,168 

6,300 

6,662 

2,800 

990 

32,500 

18,540 
6,360 

21,750 
8,360 

10,075 

1,500 
301 

4.140 

473 

15,112 

14,250 

15,228 
0,630 


as. 

57 
58 
55 

50 
58 

55 
51 
54 
51 

50 

52 
58 
55 

(i5 
71 

70 
70 
45 
43 
44 

45 
43 
40 
41 

44 

38 
40 

42 
53 

53 
69 

65^ 
(i3 

48 

41 
53 
39 

48 
45 

45 
70 
43 
55 

38 

42 
45 
53 


Cts. 
55 
56 
52 
54 
50 

55 

47 
47 
40 
51 

48 
52 
51 

01 
71 

68 
70 
40 
38 
38 

39 
37 

32 
34 
45 

30 
34 
38 
45 

53 
09 
03 

57 
51 

45 
53 
32 
40 

44 

00 
50 
40 
05 
32 

40 
38 
00 


Dollars. 

3,295 

204 

1,847 
180 
32 

175 

20,483 

1.049 

10,417 

54 

004 
1,717 
1,155 

2,844 
5 , 325 

0.300 

030 

22,646 

19,302 

55,436 

22,838 
26,703 
34,048 
67,050 
11,352 

24,014 
16,783 
27,840 
24, 763 
1,948 

4,266 
5,920 
2,392 
1,014 
10,800 

12,402 
3,307 
7,334 
3,780 
5,850 

889 
235 

2,042 
372 

.5,551 

5,863 
5,7.33 
4,081 


Dollars. 

3,080 

235 

1,602 

170 

26 

109 


New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut. . 


New York 


2a, 075 


New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delav.are 


954 

10,456 

62 


Mar viand 


005 


Vircjinia 


2, 180 


West Vircinia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia . . . 


1,408 
2,7.36 
0,007 

0,283 


Florida 


630 


Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan . 


21,744 
13,824 
39,508 

17^550 


Wisconsin 

Minnesota... 


30, 724 
36,040 
57.242 


Iowa 


Missouri 


1 1 , 925 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


17,348 
14,326 
22,058 
15,444 


Kentuclvv. .. 


1,647 


Tennessee 


3,-3.39 




4,597 
1,764 






564 


Texas 


16,575 


Oklahoma . 


8,343 


Arkansa.s 


3,371 




0,960 


Wyoming 


3,. 344 


Colorado . . 


4,697 


New :Mexico 

A rizona 


900 
150 


Utah 


1,656 


Nevada. . 


307 


Idaho 


4,a36 


Washington 


5,700 


Orei^on 


5,787 


Calilornia 


3,982 






United States. 


38,442 


38,. 399 


29.7 


29. 2 


1,141,000 


1,121,708 


43.8 


39.2 


499,431 


439,596 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 

Table 22. — Barley: Estivuites of acreage, prodiutlon, and value, 1914 and 10 IS. 



State. 


Acreage 
(000 omitted). 


Yield 
per acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


Price Jier 

bushel, 

Dec. 1, to 

producers. 


Value based on 
prices, Dec. 1, to 
producers (000 
omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 




Acres. 
5 
1 

12 
75 

7 

5 
11 
35 

8 
55 

90 

675 

1,378 

300 

5 

1,450 

850 

113 

240 

5 

rt 
8 
7 
70 
16 

103 
5 
.35 
32 
13 

185 

182 

122 

1,402 


Acres. 

5 

1 

12 

77 

11 
40 
8 
54 

85 

725 

1,4,50 

400 

5 

1,275 

9.58 

110 

2t0 

3 

2 
7 
7 
00 
13 

100 

3^ 
30 
12 

180 

180 

120 

,1,275 


Bu. 
30.0 
32.0 
34.5 
28.0 
28.0 

33.0 
26.0 
25.0 
2.5.0 
29.5 

2t). 
27.3 
23.0 
26.0 
24.0 

19, 5 
23.0 
23. 5 
24.5 
28.5 

27.0 
25. 
25. 
30. 5 
33.0 

38.5 
34.0 
30.0 
4,5. 
47.0 

38.0 
39.0 
30.0 
30.0 


Bu. 

2.S.0 
28.0 
32.0 
20.7 
20.0 

29.0 
20.0 
24.0 
2;5.0 
26.0 

24.8 
25. 
24.0 
2.5.0 
22.0 

20.0 
17.5 
10.0 
8.1 
26.6 

25. 
24.0 
9.0 
31.0 
30.5 

32.5 
24.0 
39.0 
38.5 
41.0 

42. 
40.5 
35.0 
20.0 


Bushels. 
1.50 
32 
414 
2,100 
190 

105 
280 
875 
200 
1,022 

2.340 
18,428 
31,091 

9,300 
120 

28,275 
19,. 550 
2,650 
5,880 
142 

135 
200 
175 
2,1,3.> 
528 

3,966 

170 

1,260 

1,440 

611 

7.030 

7,098 

3,660 

42,0(30 


Bushels. 
140 

28 

384 

2,056 

182 

145 
286 
960 
200 
1,404 

2,108 
18,125 
34,800 

lo.otw 
no 

25, .500 

10, 705 

1,760 

1,944 

SO 

50 

108 

63 

1,860 

396 

3,2.50 
96 

1,482 

1,155 

492 

7,500 

7,290 

4,200 

33,1.50 


CIS. 
81 
82 
75 
71 
70 

60 
80 
59 
67 
61 

65 
62 
53 

55 
65 

45 
50 
47 
47 

82 
70 
53 
53 
04 

55 
75 
60 
50 
65 

50 
52 
61 
59 


CIS. 
80 
80 
80 

69 
71 

64 
70 
58 
50 

60 
00 
48 
55 
60 

40 
46 
49 

55 

78 

70 
SI 
SO 
48 
01 

56 
72 
73 

55 
90 

48 
52 
55 
OS 


Dollars. 

122 

26 

310 

1,!91 

137 

109 
229 
516 
134 
989 

1,521 
11,425 
16,798 

5,148 
78 

12,724 
9,775 
1.248 
2,704 
109 

111 
140 
93 
1.132 
338 

2,181 
128 
756 
720 
397 

3,515 
3,691 
2,233 
24,815 


Dollars. 
112 


New Hampshire 


22 
.307 


New York 


1,419 


Pennsylvania 


129 
93 




200 


Ohio 


557 




100 


Illinois 


800 


Michigan 


1,265 


Wisconsin 


10,875 
; 16,704 




5,500 


Missoii'"] 


• 66 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 


10,200 

7,712 

862 


Kan.sa.s 


1,069 




62 


Tennessee 

Texa.s 


35 
136 


Oklahoma 


50 


Montana 


893 


Wvomiug 


242 




1,820 


New Mexico 


69 


Ari/.ona 


1,082 


Utali 


635 
443 


Idalio 


3,020 


Washington 


3,791 




2,310 




22, 542 






Ignited States. 


7,. 565 


7,199 


25.8 


23.8 


194,953 


178,189 


5). 3 


53.7 


105.903 


05, 731 



30 FAEMEBS' BULLETIN G45. 

Table 23.— Rye: Eslimates of acreacje, production, and value, 1914 ojui 1913. 



State. 


Acrcare 
(000 omitted). 


Yield 
per acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


Price per 
bushel, 
Dec. 1, to 

producers. 


Value based on 
prices, Dec. 1, to 
producers (000 
omitted). 




1914 


1913 1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1911 


1913 




Acres. 
1 
3 

129 
70 

280 

1 

25 

58 

17 

46 
3 
13 

95 
99 

49 
371 
412 
279 

59 

17 
131 

60 
122 

50 

22 

22 

2 

2 

6 

1 
10 

5 
21 
13 

3 

8 

21 

8 


Acres. 
1 
3 

133 
70 

280 

1 

27 

58 

17 

46 
3 
13 
97 
103 

49 
375 
425 
300 

60 

16 
125 

50 
120 

45 

22 
17 

1 
2 
5 

1 
10 

4 
20 
12 

3 

8 
20 
8 


Bu. 
20.0 
19.0 
19.0 
17.7 
18.5 

18.0 
17.5 
17.0 
13.0 
14.5 

10.0 
11.5 
9.3 
17.0 
16.3 

16.0 
16.0 
16.5 

18.8 
19.0 

14.0 

17.1 
17.0 
16.0 
20.0 

1.3.7 
13.0 
13.0 

14.8 
16.0 

10.5 
21.0 
17.0 
17.5 
17.5 

20.0 
19.7 
16.0 
17.0 


Bu. 

18.0 
18.5 
19.3 
17.2 
18.0 

17.5 
14.0 
14.4 
12.3 
13.5 

10.3 
10.5 
9.5 
16. 5 
15.2 

16.5 
14.3 
17.5 
19.0 
18.2 

1.5.0 
14.4 
13.2 
14.5 
14. 

12.4 
12.0 
11.0 
15.0 

9.5 

11.5 
21.0 
19.0 
17.0 
17.0 

22.0 
21.0 
17.5 
1.5.0 


Bushels. 

20 

57 

133 

2.283 

1,295 

5.040 

18 
425 
754 
216 

460 
34 

121 
1,615 
1,614 

784 
5,936 
6.798 
5.245 
1,121 

238 
2,240 
1,020 
1,9.52 
1,000 

301 

286 

26 

30 

96 

10 
210 

85 
368 
228 

60 
158 
336 
136 


Bushels. 

18 

56 

135 

2,288 

1,260 

4,900 

14 

389 

713 

230 

474 
32 

124 
1,600 
1,566 

808 
5.362 
7.438 
5.700 
1.092 

240 
1.800 

660 
1,740 

630 

273 

204 

11 

30 

48 

12 
210 

76 
340 
204 

66 
168 
3.50 
120 


Cts. 
80 
101 

98 
89 

82 

83 
92 
86 
90 
90 

105 
1-50 
1.50 
81 
85 

85 
91 
91 
89 
77 

87 
84 

78 
74 
80 

95 
98 
110 
99 
95 

105 
70 
81 
65 
60 

67 
85 
100 
85 


CIS. 
90 
98 
92 
75 
80 

74 
79 
76 
81 

87 

98 
150 
135 

69 

62 

65 
62 
57 
48 
60 

75 
45 
50 
60 
75 

87 
99 
140 
101 

86 

95 
55 
64 
60 
60 

58 
60 
75 
75 


DGllars. 

16 

58 

130 

2,032 

1,002 

4,183 

17 

366 

679 

221 

483 
51 

182 
1,308 
1,372 

666 
5,402 
6,186 
4,668 

863 

207 
1,882 

796 
1.444 

800 

286 

280 

29 

30 

91 

. 10 
147 
69 
239 
137 

40 
134 
336 
116 


Dollars. 
16 


Massachusetts 

Connecticut . 


55 
124 


New York 


1,716 




1,008 


Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


3,626 
11 


Maryland 


296 




578 


V.'est Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina . . 

Georgia. ;. 


200 

465 
48 
167 


Ohio...'..... . 


1,104 




971 




,525 


Michigan . . 


3.324 


Wisconsin 


4,240 




2,736 




655 


Missouri 


180 


North Dakota . 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


810 

330 

1,044 


Kansas 


472 




238 


Tennessee . 


202 


Alabama 


15 


Texas 


30 


Oklahoma . 


41 


Arkansas 


11 


Montana 


116 




49 




204 


Utah 


122 




38 


Washmgton 


101 




262 




90 






United States. 


2,541 


2,557 


16.8 


16.2 


42,779 


41,381 


86.5 


63.4 


37,018 


26, 220 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 31 

Table 24. — Buclcivheof: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. 



State. 


Acreage 
(000 omitted). 


Yield 
per acre. 


Total production 
(000 oinilled). 


Price per 

bushel , 

Dec. 1 , to 

producers. 


Value based on 
prices. Dee. 1, to 
producers (0i>3 
omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 




Acres. 
12 
1 
8 
2 
3 

274 
10 

280 
3 
U 

23 

36 

9 

18 
5 

i 

17 
6 
6 

2 
1 
1 
3 


A.cres. 
13 

1 
8 
2 
3 

280 
10 

280 
3 
11 

23 

38 

9 

18 
5 

4 
60 
IS 
6 
6 

2 
1 
1 
3 


Bu. 

29.0 
25.0 
28.0 
18.5 

18.5 

2.3.0 
21.0 
20.5 
19.0 
18.5 

19.4 
21.5 
19.0 
24.0 
17.5 

17.7 
18.5 
17.5 
17.0 

18.3 

15.5 
18.5 
16.0 
22.3 


Bu. 

32.0 
31.0 
25.0 
17.0 
17.0 

14.3 
22.0 
18.5 
17.0 
16.5 

23.1 
21.0 
19.3 
18.0 
13.5 

17.0 
15.0 
16.5 
16.5 
14.0 

11.0 
20.0 
10.0 
15.0 


Bushels. 

348 

25 

224 

37 

56 

G,.302 
210 

5, 740 

57 

204 

446 
774 
171 

432 

88 

71 

1.054 
298 
102 
110 

31 
18 
16 

67 


Bushels. 

416 
31 

200 
34 
51 

4,004 
220 

5,180 
51 
182 

531 
;98 
174 
324 
92 

68 
900 
297 

99 

84 

22 
20 
10 
45 


CIS. 
60 
70 
82 
84 
95 

76 
83 
76 
76 

81 

84 
83 
83 
76 
78 

95 
71 
76 
70 

93 
84 
90 

78 


Cts. 
56 
66 
80 
80 
95 

81 
76 
73 
69 
75 

80 
78 
78 
76 
75 

80 
70 
69 
64 
81 

85 
79 
SO 
75 


Dollars. 

209 
18 

184 
31 
53 

4,790 
174 

4,362 
43 
165 

375 
642 
142 
328 
69 

67 
748 
226 

71 

85 

29 
15 
14 
52 


Dollars. 
233 


New Hampshiro 


20 
160 


Massachusetts 


27 

48 




3,243 


New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


167 

3,781 

35 

136 




425 


Wes! Virginia 

Noith Carolina 

Ohio . 


622 
136 
246 


Indiana 


00 




54 




630 




2a5 




63 




68 


Missouri 


19 




16 




8 




34 






United States. 


792 


80.5 


21.3 


17.2 


16,881 


13,833 


70.4 


75.5 


12, 892 


10,445 



32 FAEMEES' BULLEIIN G45. 

Table 2b.— Potatoes: Estimates of acteuge, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. 



State. 


Acreage 
(000 omitted). 


Yield 
per acre. 


Total production 
(000 omitted). 


Price per 

bushel, 

Dec. 1, to 

producers. 


Value hased on 
prices, Dec. 1, to 
producers (000 
omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1 9! 3 


Maine 

New Hampshire 


Acres. 
130 
17 
25 
27 
5 

24 
307 

92 
208 

11 

44 
112 

48 
33 
11 

13 
13 

150 
75 

124 

304 
304 
270 
147 

87 

70 

(53 

118 

72 

50 

35 
IS 
12 
24 

44 

32 
25 
37 
15 

73 



i 

20 
12 
34 

.59 
49 
75 


Acres. 
128 
17 
25 
27 
5 

24 
309 

94 
205 

11 

43 
105 

48 
30 
10 

12 
12 

160 
75 

125 

350 
295 

275 
150 

85 

60 
00 
118 

73 
50 

38 
18 
12 
25 
45 

32 
25 
36 
12 

80 

9 

1 

20 

11 

34 

60 
50 

68 


Bu. 
200 
1.59 
108 
155 
165 

140 
145 

108 
105 
.SO 

78 
65 
54 
52 
70 

60 
80 
95 

80 
60 

121 
124 
114 
<!6 
45 

109 
90 
SO 
02 
45 

43 
79 
80 
70 
01 

70 
(iO 
140 

198 
120 

100 
110 
140 
130 

1.55 

128 
97 
138 


Bu. 
220 
122 
127 
105 
130 

92 
74 
95 

88 
87 

87 
94 
N3 
SO 
80 

81 
76 
64 
53 
46 

96 
109 

no 

48 
3S 

8-5 
78 
48 
40 
49 

64 
84 
80 
70 

52 

60 
72 
140 
140 
115 

08 

180 
160 
170 

123 
135 
119 


Bushels. 

33,8(X) 

2,703 

4, 200 

4. 185 

825 

3.360 

53^215 

9.936 

n. 140 

880 

3.432 
7. 280 
2. 592 
1.716 
770 

780 
1.040 
14.250 
6. 000 
7.440 

44.0-J4 
37. 606 
30. 7,80 
12.642 
3,915 

7,630 
5, 070 
9, 4.K) 
4.464 

2, 250 

1,,505 
1,422 
960 
1,080 
2,684 

2,240 
1,500 
5, 180 
1,620 
8,760 

900 

110 

2,800 

1,560 

5,270 

7,552 
4, 7.53 
10,350 


Bushels. 
58, 160 
2.074 
3, 175 
2,.'«5 
650 

2,208 
26,640 

8.930 

23,320 

957 

3,741 
9, 870 
3. 9.S4 
2. 400 
.^00 

972 

912 

10,240 

3.975 

5, 750 

33, 600 

32,1.55 

30, 250 

7.200 

3, 230 

5, 100 
4.0S0 
5, 604 
2, 920 
2, 450 

2, 432 
1,512 
960 
1,7,50 
2,340 

1,920 
1,.H00 
5, 040 
1,680 
9,200 

612 

75 

3,6C0 

1,760 

5, 780 

7.380 
6,750 
8,092 


Cis. 
33 
60 
47 
71 
70 

65 
44 
61 

58 
70 

6.0 

.81 
92 
125 

105 
113 
53 

01 

30 
30 

32 

59 
73 

42 

47 
54 

84 

91 
101 
95 
97 
104 

90 
97 
64 
70 
50 

95 

120 

60 

70 

48 

55 
60 
70 


Cts. 
53 
83 
72 
85 
90 

87 
80 
82 
SO 

67 
SO 
90 
82 
130 

105 

ii7 

85 
S4 

89 

53 
54 
52 

82 
93 

50 
63 
78 
91 
102 

97 
105 
100 

96 
112 

105 
100 
67 
65 
65 

140 
135 

58 
68 
50 

60 
58 
70 


Dollars. 

11,1.54 

1,622 

1,974 

2,971 

578 

2,184 
23,415 

0,061 

16, 321 

616 

2. 0.59 
5, 006 
2,100 
1.579 
962 

.S19 
1.175 
7.552 
3.360 
4, 538 

13.213 
11.309 
9,8.50 
7.4,59 

2,8;.8 

3.205 
2.665 
5,098 
3,437 
1,890 

1,370 
1,436 
912 
1,6.30 
2,791 

2.016 
1,.1.55 
3,315 
1,134 
4.380 

855 

132 

1.680 

1,092 

2,530 

4,154 
2,852 
7,245 


Dollars. 

14,925 

1,721 

2. 280 


M;)ss:iehu.set.( s 

Rhode Ishmd 

Connectifut 


2,410 
585 

1,921 
21,312 


New Jersey 

J'ennsylvania 

Dchiwaro 


7,323 

18.656 

718 


MoTvland 


2,506 




7,896 


West VirRiiiia 

North Caroliria 

South Carolina 


3,586 
1,968 
1,040 

1,021 


Florida 


1,067 


Oliin 


8,704 




3,, 3.59 


lllii^ois 


5, 118 


Mirhieaii 


17,808 
17,364 




15, 730 




5,904 




3,004 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 


2, 8.56 
2.948 
4,418 




2,057 


KenUioky 


2,499 
2.359 


Alabama 

Mississij>pi 


1,588 
960 




1,680 


Texas 

Oklahoma 

,\rkansas 

Montana 


2, 621 

2, 016 
1,800 
3,377 
1,092 




5. 980 


NcwMexieo 


S57 
101 


Utah 


2, 0.88 




1,197 


Idaho 


2,890 


Washington 


4,428 
3.915 




5.664 






United States. 


3,708 


3, 668 


109.5 


90.4 


405,921 


331,525 


48.9 


68.7 


198,609 


227,903 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 33 

Table 26. — Sweet potatoes: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 191S. 



State. 



Acreage 
(000 omitted). 



Yield 
per acre. 



Total production 
(000 omitted). 



1914 



1913 



1913 



Price per 

bushel, 

Dec. 1, to 

producers. 



1911 ! 1913 



Value liased on 
prices, Dec. 1, to 
producers (000 
omitted). 



1914 



1913 



New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

JUinois 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Temiessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

California 

TTnited States, 



Acres. 

22 

1 

5 

8 

31 

2 

76 
48 
79 
19 

1 
1 

8 
2 
6 



Acres. 

23 

1 

5 
8 
33 

2 
80 
50 
83 
21 

1 
I 

8 



Bu. 

100 
105 
120 
125 

92 

92 
90 
85 
85 
120 

110 
100 

84 
100 

84 

no 

105 
100 
93 
90 

87 
101 
102 

95 
ICl 



Bu. 
138 
110 
135 
141 
108 

91 
100 
92 
87 
110 

90 
78 
70 



50 
75 
80 
95 

98 

85 
80 
64 
90 
170 



Bushels. 

2,200 

105 

000 

1,000 

2,852 

184 
0,840 
4,080 
6,715 
2,280 

110 
100 

(>72 
200 
504 

550 
1,050 
2,500 
5,859 
4,500 

5, 133 
5,252 

CI 2 
1,710 

906 



Bushels. 

3,174 

110 

075 

1,128 

3,564 

182 
8,000 
4,600 
7,221 
2,310 

90 

78 

560 

160 

336 

2.50 
675 

i,(mo 

6,650 
5,390 

5,100 
4; 000 
384 
1,800 
1,020 



eo3 



94.5 



56,574 



69,0-57 



Cts. 
95 
86 
70 
70 
76 

9S 
65 
70 
69 
80 

96 
90 
95 
127 
96 

106 
77 
(i9 
65 
03 

64 

87 
89 
77 
87 



Cts. 
78 
90 
60 
60 
70 

100 
61 
75 
68 
75 

106 
103 
106 
150 
105 

110 
94 
80 

67 
62 

70 
95 
104 



72.6 



Dollars. 

2,090 

90 

420 

700 

2,168 

180 
4,446 
2,856 
4.633 
i;824 

106 
90 
638 
254 

484 

583 

808 

1.725 

3; 808 

2, 835 

3,285 
4,509 

645 
1,317 

840 

41,294 



Dollars. 

2,476 

99 

405 

677 

2,495 

182 
4,880 
3,450 
4.910 
i;732 

95 

80 

594 

240 

353 

275 

634 

1,280 

4,456 

3,. 342 

3,570 
3, 800 
399 
1,440 
1,020 

42, S,M 



34 FAKMEKS' BULLETIN 645. 

Table 27, — Ray: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. 



Slate. 


Acrea.ije (000 
omitted). 


Yield per 
acre. 


Total produc- 
tion (000 
omitted). 


Price per ton, 
Dec. 1, to pro- 
ducers. 


Value based on 
prices, Dec. 1, to 
producers (000 
omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 




Acres. 

1,230 

520 

990 
480 
58 

375 
4,653 

361 
3,141 

72 

390 
650 
696 
320 
210 

250 

48 
2.812 
1.764 
2,250 

2,352 
2,550 
1.743 
2,950 
2,600 

400 

500 

1 , 500 

1,6,50 

750 

800 
220 
210 
200 
450 

450 
320 
700 
500 
970 

206 

142 
406 
247 
705 

796 

858 

2,700 


Acres. 

1,194 

495 

1,000 

475 

58 

379 
4,700 

361 
3.141 

72 

390 
750 
740 
320 
210 

250 

47 

2.960 

1,800 

2,500 

2.400 
2.375 
1,660 
3,000 
3.000 

340 

4(iO 
1,250 
1,.500 

775 

900 
210 
220 
160 
400 

450 
320 
660 
480 
890 

192 
135 
390 
235 

705 

7,'iO 

825 

2,400 


Tons. 
1.15 
1.15 
1.20 
1.32 
1.17 

1.25 
1.20 
1.35 
1.28 
1.10 

1.15 

.72 

.92 

1.15 

1.15 

1.35 
1.35 
1.13 
1.00 
.85 

1.28 
1.75 
1.89 
1.38 
.70 

1.45 
1.70 
1.69 
1.51 
.95 

1.20 
1.31 
1.45 
1.90 
1.75 

1.13 
1.05 
2.50 
2.30 
2.40 

2.50 
3.20 
2.75 
3.25 
2.65 

2.20 
2.00 
1.95 


Tms. 
1.00 
1.00 
1.28 
1.21 
1.17 

1.14 
1.14 
1.30 
1.32 
1.30 

1.26 
1.27 
1.25 
1.31 
1.16 

1.40 
1.35 
1.30 
1.00 

.93 

1.05 
1.02 
1-.50 
1.48 
.60 

1.14 
1.20 
1.34 

.90 

.87 

1.21 
1.36 
1.33 
1.50 
1.16 

.85 
1.20 
1.80 
1.90 
2.05 

2.08 
4.00 
2.33 
2.75 
2.90 

2.30 
2.10 
1.50 


Tons. 
1,414 

598 
1,188 

634 
68 

469 
5,584 

487 
4,020 

79 

448 
468 
640 
368 
242 

338 

65 

3,178 

1,764 

1.912 

3,011 
4.462 
3.29J 
4.071 
1.820 

5S0 

8-50 

2,535 

2, 492 

712 

960 
288 
304 
380 

788 

508 

336 

1,7.50 

1,150 

2.328 

515 

454 

1,116 

803 

1,868 

1,751 
1,716 

5,265 


Tons. 
1,194 

495 
1,280 

575 
68 

432 

5,358 

469 

4,146 

94 

491 
952 
925 
419 
244 

350 
63 

3,848 
1,800 
2, 450 

2,520 

3,818 
2, 490 
4.440 
1,800 

388 

552 

1,675 

1,3.50 

674 

1,089 
286 
293 
240 
461 

382 

384 
1,188 

912 
1,824 

399 
540 
909 
646 
2,044 

1,794 
1,732 
3,600 


Dolls. 
13.10 
17.00 
11.60 
21.. 50 
20.20 

19.50 
14.00 
19. 50 
14.50 
17.00 

15.30 
17.20 
17.20 
17.10 
17.00 

16,20 
17.20 
13. 10 
14.10 
14.40 

12.00 
9.30 
0.10 
10.10 
13.60 

5.20 
5.70 
6.90 

7.40 
16.00 

17.00 
13.80 
12.00 
12.00 
9.80 

7.90 
12. 90 

8.70 
7. .50 
7.^0 

9. .30 
8.80 
7.70 
8.30 
7.30 

11.00 
9.20 
8.20 


Dolls. 
13.90 
17.20 
14.50 
21.10 
21.20 

20.10 
15.30 
19.00 
14.90 
15.70 

15.20 
15.50 
14.90 
16.50 
18.70 

17.90 
18.20 
12.80 
14.10 
14.10 

13. 10 
11.10 
6.60 
9.60 

14.50 

5. ,?0 

6. .50 
8.70 

12. 50 
16.50 

16.20 
14.20 
13.50 
12.50 
11.80 

10.40 
13.50 
9.60 
6.70 
10.00 

12.10 
11.00 

9.10 
11.00 

7.20 

10.90 
9.00 
13.50 


Dollars. 
18,523 
10,166 
17,345 
13, 631 
1,374 

9,146 

81, 526 
9,496 

58, 290 
1,343 

6,854 
8,050 
11,008 
6,293 
4,114 

.5,476 

1,118 

42,585 

24,872 

27, £33 

36, 132 

41,497 
20,093 
41,117 
24,752 

3,016 

4,815 
17,192 
18,441 
11,392 

10.320 
3,974 
3,648 
4.560 

7.722 

4.013 
4,334 

15,225 
8,625 

17,227 

4,790 
3,995 
8,593 
6,665 
13,636 

19, 261 
15,787 
43, 173 


Dollars. 
16, 597 


New Hampshiie 


8,514 
18,560 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 


12, 132 
1,442 

8,683 
81,977 






8,911 


Pennsylvania 

Dclav.are 


61,775 
1,476 

7,463 


Virguiia 


14,750 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


13, 7S2 
6,914 
4,563 

6, 265 


Florida 


1,147 


Ohio 


49,254 




25,380 




34, 545 




33,012 




42,713 




16,434 




42. 624 




26.100 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


2,250 
3,688 
14,572 
16,875 




11,121 


Tennessee 


17.642 




4,061 




3,956 




3,000 


Texas 


5,475 


Oklahoma 


3,973 




5, 184 




11,405 




6, 119 




18, 240 


New Mexico 


4,828 
5,940 


Utah 


8,272 




7, 106 


Idaho 


14,717 




19,555 


Oregon 


15,588 




48,000 






United States . 


49,145 


48. 954 


1.43 


1.31 


70,071 


61,116 


11.12 


12.43 


779,068 


797,077 



THE AGEICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 35 

Table 28. — Tobacco: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 191S. 



States. 



New Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Coruiecticut 

New York 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

Virginia 

Wast Virginia 

North Carolina. . . 

South Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Wisconsin 

Missouri 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

United Stales. 



-Vcreage. 



Yield per acre. 



Acres. 
100 

100 

6,000 

20. 200 

4,600 

33, 100 
22, 000 

17.5, 000 
10, SOO 

26.5,000 

50,000 

1,900 

4,300 

S6,S00 

13, 500 

000 

45,000 

4,100 

400,000 

77,400 

200 
700 
200 
700 



1,22:3,500 



1913 



Acres. 

100 

100 

6, 100 

IS, 400 

4,300 

3S, 900 
2.5,000 

200,000 
15,000 

250, 000 

43, 800 
1,S00 
4,000 
81,000 
15,900 

800 

13,000 

5,100 

370,000 

90,000 

300 

eoo 

200 

SOO 



Lbs. 

1,770 

1,700 

1,750 

1,770 

1,300 

1,4.50 
800 
6.50 
820 
650 

730 

1,000 

1,000 

900 

900 

780 

1, 180 

1,200 

910 

820 

700 
400 
580 
610 



1, 216, 100 845. 7 



Lbs. 

1,650 

1,550 

1,5.50 

1,550 

1,020 

1,200 
740 
770 
680 
670 

760 
1,000 
1,000 

750 



700 
1, 180 
650 
760 
720 

700 
4.50 
600 
650 



Price per 
Total production pound, 
(000 omitted). Dec. 1, to 
producers. 



1914 


1913 


1914 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Cts. 


177 


165 


IS.O 


170 


155 


18.0 


11,550 


9, 455 


17.7 


35, 754 


28,520 


18.5 


5,980 


4,386 


12.0 


47,995 


46,680 


8.5 


17,600 


18,500 


8.0 


113,750 


1.54,000 


9.0 


8,85G 


10,200 


11.0 


172,250 


167,500 


11.5 


36, 500 


33, 288 


9.7 


1,900 


1,800 


25.0 


4,300 


4,000 


30.0 


78, 120 


61,425 


8.8 


12, 150 


11,925 


9.0 


468 


.560 


12.0 


53, 808 


50, 740 


11.0 


4,920 


3,315 


13. 


304,000 


281,200 


8.4 


63, 468 


64,800 


7.5 


140 


210 


28.0 


280 


270 


35.0 


116 


120 


21.0 


427 


520 


18.0 


1,034,679 


953, 734 


9.S 



CIS. 
18.0 
18.0 
21.0 
21.0 
12.2 

7.5 
9.3 
13.9 
12.0 
18.5 

13.8 
31.0 
31.0 
11.4 
11.0 

11.5 
12.0 
12.7 
10.0 
8.4 

25.0 
25. 
22.0 
16.4 



12.8 



\'alue leased on 
prices, Dec. 1, 
to producers 
(000 omitted). 



Dollars. 

32 

31 

2,044 

6,614 

718 

4,080 
1,408 

10, 238 
974 

19, 809 

3,540 
475 
1,290 
6,875 
1,094 

56 

5,919 

640 

30, 576 

4,760 

39 
98 
24 
77 



Dollars. 

30 

28 

1,986 

5,989 

535 

3,501 
1,720 

21, 406 
1,224 

30,988 

4, 594 
558 
1,240 
7,002 
1,312 

64 

6,089 

421 

28, 120 
5,443 

52 
68 
26 
85 



122,481 



Table 29. — Flaxseed: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. 



States. 



Acreage (000 
omitted). 



Yield per 
acre. 



1914 1913 



Total produc- 
tion (000 
omitted). 



1913 



Price per 

bushel, 

Dec. 1, to 

producers. 



1914 1913 



\'alue based on 
prices, Dec. 1, 
to producers 
(OCO omitted). 



1913 



Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Montana 

Colorado 

United States 



-4 cres. 

8 

315 

20 

8 

840 



45 

320 

2 



Acres. 

9 

350 

28 

10 

1,000 

425 
9 

50 
400 

10 



Bu. 

13.5 
9.3 
9.5 
8.0 
8.3 



7.0 
6.0 
8.0 
8.0 



Bu. 

14.0 
9.0 
9.4 
5.0 
7.2 

7.2 
6.0 
6.0 
9.0 
5.0 



Biisheh 

108 

2, 930 

190 

64 

6,972 

2,400 

49 

270 

2,560 
16 



Bushels 

126 

3,150 

263 

50 

7.200 

3,000 

54 

300 

3,600 
50 



Cts. 
125 
128 
120 

lot 

128 

123 
119 
125 
120 
100 



Cts. 
123 
123 
123 
115 
121 

120 
110 
116 
115 
115 



Dollars. 

135 

3, 750 

228 

67 

8,924 

2,952 

58 

.338 

3,072 

16 



Dollars. 
165 

3,874 

323 

58 

8,712 

3,672 

59 

348 

4, 140 

58 



2,291 



8.3 



7.8 



15, .559 



17, 853 



19,540 



21, 399 



36 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 645. 

Tablk 30. — Bice Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 191^ and 191S. 



State. 


Acreage. 


Yield per 
aere. 


Total produc- 
tion (000 
omitted). 


Trice per 

bushel 
Dec. 1, to 
producers. 


Value based on 

•prices, Dec. 1, 

to producers 

(000 omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1 
1914 1 1913 

1 


North Carolina 


Acres. 

150 

6,900 

1,100 

400 

200 

1,000 

336, 500 

239, 700 

92,580 

15,000 


Acres. 
300 
4.900 
500 
400 
200 

1,500 
405. 500 
303,000 
104, 700 

6,100 


Bu. 
26.3 
26.0 
28.0 
25.0 
28.0 

30.0 
32.1 
33.8 
39.8 
53.3 


Bu. 
24.0 
30.0 
32.0 
25.0 
22.0 

28.0 
29.0 
32.0 
36.0 
48.0 


Bushels. 

4 

179 

31 

10 

6 

30 

10,802 

8,102 

3,685 

800 


Bushels. 

7 

147 

16 

10 

4 

42 

11,760 

9,696 

3,769 

293 


Ct.9. 

75 
• 92 

89 
70 
70 

85 
93 
92 
90 
100 


Cts. 
80 
90 
83 
60 
60 

70 
84 
86 
90 
100 


Dollars. 

3 

165 

28 

7 

4 

26 

10,046 

7,454 

3,316 

800 


Dollars. 
6 


South Carolina 


132 


Georgia 


13 


Florida 


; 6 




: 2 


Mississippi 


J' 
29 




9,878 


Texas 

Arkansas 


8,339 

3,392 

293 






rniled States 


693, 530 


827, 100 


34.1 


31.1 


23,649 


25, 744 


92.4 


85.8 


21.849 


22,090 



Table 31. — Cotton: Estimates of acreage, production, and value, 1914 and 1913. 

[AH 1914 figures fire nrelimmary. Figures of acreage iu 1914 are estimates made in December, 1914, and 

subject to revision in May, 1915.] 



State. 


Acreage (000 
omitted). 


Yield per 
acre. 


Total produc- 
tion (000 
omitted). 


Price per 

pound 

Dec. 1, to 

producers. 


Value based on 
prices, Dec. 1, 
to producers 
(000 omitted). 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 




A CTCS. 

45 

1,600 

2,800 

5,375 

195 

122 

890 

3,875 

3,120 

1,360 

11,930 

2,825 

2.525 

35 

25 


Acres. 

47 

1,.576 

2,790 

5,318 

188 

112 

865 

3,760 

3,067 

1,244 

12,597 

3,009 

2,502 

14 


Lbs. 

254 
283 
256 
236 
185 

295 
196 
209 
196 
162 

183 
212 
197 
506 
285 


Lbs. 
240 
239 
235 
208 
150 

286 
210 
190 
204 
170 

1.50 
132 
205 
.500 


Bales.^ 

24 

950 

1,500 

2,650 

75 

75 

365 

1,690 

1,275 

400 

4,560 

1,250 

1.040 

37 

15 


Beles.i 
23 
793 

1,378 

2,317 

59 

67 

379 

1,495 

1,311 

444 

3,945 

840 

1,073 

23 


Cts. 
7.3 
6.9 
6.9 
6.9 
12.2 

6.5 
6.4 
6.7 
6.8 
6.9 

6.8 
6.5 
6.6 
7.0 

6.8 


Cts. 
13.1 
12.6 
12.7 
12.8 
17.0 

11.5 
12.7 
12.7 
12.6 
11.7 

11.5 
11.4 
11.6 
13.0 


Dollars. 

835 

31,248 

49,411 

87,384 

4,401 

2,336 
11,182 
54,147 
41,512 
15,184 

148,528 

38,862 

32,858 

1,240 

488 


Dollars. 
1,467 




47,608 




83,541 




141,722 


Florida 


4,792 




3,697 




23,072 




90,829 




79,107 




24,840 




217,327 




45,827 




59,580 




1,429 


All other 










United States 


36,722 


37,089 


207.9 


182.0 


15,966 


2 14,156 


6.8 


12.2 


519,616 


2825,395 



Bales ol 500 pounds, gross weight. 



2 Includes "All other.'! 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



a7 



Table 32. — Winter loheat and rye: Estimates of acreage planted in autumn, 1914, and 
condition, Dec. 1, with comparisons. 





Winter wheat. 


Rye. 




Area sown. 


Condition, Dec. 1. 


Area sown. 


Condition, Dec. 1. 


Stat€. 


Au- 
tumn, 
1913, 
revised 
(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Autumn, 1914. 


1914 


1913 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Au- 
tumn, 
1913, 
revised 
(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Autumn, 1914. 


1914 


1913 






Com- 
pared 
with 
1913. 


Total 
prelim- 
inary 
(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Com- 
pared 
with 
1913. 


Total 
prelim- 
inary 
(000 
omit, 
ted). 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


Vermont 


Acres. 


P.cl. 


Acres. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


Acres. 
1 
4 
8 
140 
79 

292 

1 

30 

68 

18 

55 
3 

14 
119 
104 

52 
384 
440 
296 

61 

21 
143 

80 
130 

55 

31 
30 
3 


P.ct. 

95 
96 

100 
99 

102 

100 
100 
101 
125 
101 

140 
120 
110 
94 
100 

100 
101 
101 
100 
96 

101 
112 
115 
101 
100 

100 
105 
136 


Acres. 

1 

4 

8 

139 

81 

292 

1 

30 

85 

18 

77 
4 

15 
112 
104 

52 
388 
444 
296 

59 

21 
160 

92 
131 

55 

31 
32 

4 


P.ct. 
95 
92 
94 
92 
85 

87 
89 
90 
93 
93 

96 
96 
96 
96 
93 

94 
95 
97 
96 
97 

92 
92 
94 
93 
90 

92 
92 
95 


P.ct. 
92 
98 
98 
97 
96 

97 
96 
95 
97 
94 

97 
97 
93 
97 
97 

97 
96 
96 
93 
97 

99 
91 
87 
86 
99 

99 
97 
95 


P.ct. 
95 


Massachusetts.. 














96 


Connecticut 




":"..:'. : 








96 


New York 

New Jersey 

rennsylvania.. 

Delaware 

Marylaii'l 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. 

North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 

Georgia 

Ohio 


364 
83 

1,3.39 
116 
621 
794 
241 

627 

82 

144 

2.001 

2,618 

2,551 

900 

89 

56 

520 

2,585 


105 

98 

102 
110 
106 
160 
110 

175 
300 
218 
105 
112 

115 
107 
100 
105 
103 

no 


382 
81 

1,366 
128 
658 

1,270 
265 

1,097 
246 
314 

2,101 

2,820 

2,934 

963 

89 

59 

536 

2,844 


96 

82 

85 
88 
89 
93 
92 

95 
96 
94 
94 
89 

92 
92 
96 
94 
96 

87 


98 
95 

97 
95 
95 
95 
95 

95 
•95 
92 
99 
98 

99 
95 
94 
92 
96 

98 


95 
94 

92 
91 
90 

88 
88 

90 
92 
92 

88 
88 

89 
90 
93 

'"'94' 

90 


96 
95 

93 
93 
90 
90 
90 

91 
94 
94 
90 


Indiana 

Illinois 


92 
93 


Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Miimesota 


92 
95 
93 
95 


Missoiu-i 

Nortli Dakota.. 


92 
90 


South Dakota.. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


86 
3,464 
y,95S 

76S 

727 

34 

1 

1,139 

2.577 

128 

606 

47 

263 

48 


110 
105 
98 

115 
120 
285 
225 
120 

120 
144 
135 
115 
105 

115 


95 
3,637 

8,779 

883 

872 

97 

2 

1,367 

3,092 

184 

683 

54 

276 

55 
41 
253 
2:i 


93 
90 
80 

89 
90 
93 
93 

89 

83 
90 
98 
90 
92 

95 
98 
89 
88 
95 

100 
93 
98 


80 
86 
100 

98 
96 
92 
91 
102 

103 
99 

91 
97 
91 

98 
96 
96 
99 
97 

93 
100 
100 


"'93' 
90 

88 
90 
92 
91 

88 

87 
88 
95 
96 
92 

88 
98 
95 
98 
97 

93 
96 
91 


91 
93 
92 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Texas 


8S 
91 
92 


2 

8 
1 
11 

5 

22 


106 

105 
125 
102 
105 
100 


2 

8 
1 

11 

5 
22 


92 

90 
88 
98 
90 
93 


101 

105 
100 
95 
98 
89 


89 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico.... 


90 
88 
95 
97 
93 


Arizona 


33 12.T 














Utah 


230 

19 

346 


110 
120 


14 


105 


15 


90 


97 


97 


Nevada 




Idaho 


114 1 304 


3 

9 
25 
11 


100 

101 
107 
105 


3 

9 
27 
12 


94 

100 
96 
100 


96 

97 
100 
100 


98 


Washington 

Oregon 


1,067 1 110 
635 108 
421 110 


1,174 
686 
463 


98 
98 


California 


94 


United States 


37,128 


111.1 41,263 


88.3 


97.2 


90.3 


2,773 


102.8 


2,851 


93.6 


95.3 


93.0 



38 farmers' bulletin 645. 

PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

Table 33.— Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States. 





November 15. 


State. 


Hogs, 
per 100 lb. 


Beef 

cattle, 

per 100 lb. 


Veal 

calves, 

per 1001b. 


Sheep 
per 100 lb. 


Lambs, 
per 1001b. 


Milch 

cows, per 

head. 


Horses, 
per head. 


Wool, 
per lb. 




^ 
o 


© 03 


c^ 


• > 




^ (3 


■^ 


>i CD 


S 


03 tj; 

4 S 


■* 







4 5 


'.5' 


c3 bo 
g 

•* OJ 


Me 


Dollars. 
8.30 7.42 


Dollars. 

7.50 6.88 


Dol) 
8.70 
8.00 
7.60 
8.80 
10.00 

10.20 
9.70 

10. 20 
9.30 
9.80 

9.80 
8.40 
8.00 
0.20 
5.40 

5.50 
6.20 
8.60 
7.60 
8.40 

7.80 
8.40 
7.40 
8.00 
7.50 

7.40 
5.50 
8.30 
8.00 
7.50 

6.50 
4.70 
6.40 
6.20 
6.20 

6.80 
5.50 
8.00 
8.80 
8.00 

8.80 
7.20 
8.80 
8.5( 
7.40 

8.50 
8.00 
7.70 


ars. 
7.78 
7.48 
7.15 
8.40 

9.03 

8.58 
8.68 
8.12 
9.77 

9.00 
7.18 
6.92 
6.05 
4.78 

4.58 
6.70 

7.82 
7.10 
7.02 

7.38 
7.32 
6.18 
6.68 
6.32 

5. 75 
6.00 
6.42 
6.52 
6.15 

5.10 
3.98 
4.38 
4.82 
5.28 

5.65 

4.98 
7.62 
7.98 
6.96 

7.90 
6.17 
7.32 
7.37 
7.16 

7.90 
7.18 
6.48 


Doll 
4.60 
6.00 
4.00 
5.00 
5.50 

6.50 
4.50 
6.50 
6.20 
6.80 

5.00 
4.20 
4.40 
4.00 
5.20 

4.00 
5.70 
4.30 
4.10 
4.70 

4.30 
4.60 
4.30 
5.00 
4.60 

4.80 
4.60 
6.00 
5.70 
3.70 

3.80 
4.70 
4.10 
4.90 

4.80 

5.30 
3.60 
4.70 
5.00 
5.00 

4.40 
3.80 
6.10 
6.60 
4.60 

5.10 
6.10 
5.20 


ars. 
4.02 
4.55 
3.25 

'5:26 

6.27 

3. SO 
4,20 
4.65 
4.47 

4.70 
3.98 
3.88 
4.25 
4.68 

4.12 

4. 77 
3.50 
3.48 
3.75 

3.82 
3. 88 
3.90 
4.02 
3.78 

4.25 
4.15 
4.40 
4.48 
3.42 

3.32 
3.52 


Dollars. 
6.40 5.62 


Doll 
55. 00 
55.70 
58,50 
70.00 
78.00 

75.00 
67.30 
73.00 
00.50 
60.00 

45.00 
47. 50 
51.20 
39.00 
39.10 

38.00 
51,80 
60.70 
54. 20 
64.50 

60.50 
05.00 
60.40 
ft?. 00 
55.00 

63.00 
04.60 

67.80 
06.50 
48.50 

44.00 
36.90 
36.30 
43.00 
51.10 

50. 00 
41.10 
73.00 
83. 30 
76.10 

62.00 
94.00 

69. 60 
84.00 
76.40 

71.00 

70. 00 
73.60 


ars. 
50.75 
55.50 
48.76 
51.67 

58.25 
53. 65 
5S.96 
52,88 
47,33 

37,95 
38,28 
41, 82 
33,92 
35.12 

33.40 
43. 00 
51.62 
47.90 
51.38 

47. .58 
52, 20 
46,22 
51,18 
46, 00 

48.22 
48.52 
49.65 
49.60 
30.65 

37. 05 
31.32 
31.62 
32. 88 
44.60 

43. 78 
32.48 
59.55 
62. 38 
54.85 

61. 68 
66.60 
52 22 
62.00 
58.25 

63. 25 
54. 26 
68.52 


Dol 

198 
180 
168 
175 
200 

200 
170 
175 
164 
145 

125 
138 
142 
156 
160 

148 
141 
150 
135 
139 

165 
166 
144 
146 
106 

127 
125 
118 
116 
114 

127 
120 
107 
93 

88 

98 
95 

130 
97 

103 

76 
105 
126 
150 
120 

125 
101 
122 


ars. 
199 
164 
100 
175 


Cr 
24 
20 
22 
22 


Its. 
22 


N.H 

Vt 

Ma.ss 


8.50 
7.50 
8.50 
9.50 

10.50 
7.80 

10. 20 
8.20 
8.60 

8.70 
7.60 
7.30 
8.30 
8.10 

8.00 
7.10 
7.10 
6.80 
7.00 

6.50 
6. SO 
6.70 
6.80 
6.70 

6.30 
6.70 
6.90 
7.00 
7.00 

7.00 
7.10 
6.50 
6.40 
6.90 

6.00 
6.20 
6.70 
7.50 
7.50 

7.20 
7.60 
6.50 
8.40 
6.10 

6.60 
7.00 
7.10 


7.68 
6.92 
7. 57 
8.13 

8.65 
7.35 

8.95 
7.88 
8.03 

S.OS 
7. 2S 
7. 42 
7.78 
7.70 

7.25 
6.25 
7.10 
7.02 
6.92 

6.02 
6.9S 
6.75 
G. 88 
6.S2 

6. OS 
6.80 
6.78 
6.88 
6.92 

6.90 
6.92 

6. 55 
6.10 
6.80 

6.85 
6.38 
7.80 
7.60 
7.32 

7.65 
8.28 
6.95 
8.20 
7.12 

7. 68 
7.58 
7.25 


7.40 
5.50 
6.70 

8.20 
6.10 
7.40 
7.40 
G. 10 

7.30 
6.20 
6.10 
4.90 
4.70 

4.60 
5.20 
6.70 
6.60 
7.10 

5.90 
5.50 
.5.40 
7.00 
6.60 

5.50 
6.20 
7.00 
7.00 
6.00 

5. 50 
4.00 
4.30 
5.00 
5.20 

5.70 
4.50 
6.70 
6.50 
6.30 

6.00 
6.10 
5.50 
6.00 
6.60 

6.20 
6.10 
6.40 


6.12 
4.65 
5.17 

7.13 
5.30 
6.68 
5.90 
5.87 

5.45 
4.98 
5.15 
3.95 
3.95 

3.65 
4.65 
6.60 
5.30 
6.6.S 

4. S8 
4.65 
4.45 
5.88 
5.52 

4.38 
5.15 
5.42 
6.50 
4.05 

4.20 
3.15 
3.45 
4.10 
4.28 

4.48 
3.88 
5.58 
6.48 
5.32 

5.70 
5.22 
6.02 
6.18 
4.98 

5. 38 
6.50 
5.68 


7.50 
6.50 
7.10 
7.00 

8.50 
7.00 

'6.' 70 

8. 00 

8. 50 
6.50 
6.00 

5. .50 
5.80 

5.50 
6.60 

6. 40 
6.30 
6.60 

6.20 
6.70 
6.90 
6.90 
6.40 

6,20 
6,40 

8. 00 
7. 10 
5.70 

5.5C 
5 30 


6.58 
5.38 

7.33 
5.78 
5. 89 
6.10 
6.47 

6.80 
6.60 
6.40 
4.85 
5.50 

6.22 

'5: 2.8 
5.38 
5.32 

5.52 

5.40 
5.20 
5.48 
5.25 

5.25 
5.32 
5. 82 
5.72 
4.82 

4.50 
4.80 
3.92 

5. K 
5.20 

5.30 
4.72 
5.25- 

6. 58 
5.35 

4.95 
5.33 
5,18 
5.42 
5.25 

6. .30 
4.92 
5.1s 


21 
19 


R I 






199 
177 
171 
168 
130 

145 
140 
140 
153 
172 

158 
150 
160 
149 
150 

166 
167 
157 
159 
122 

140 
129 
126 
126 
126 

143 
136 
116 
88 
94 

104 
107 
135 
107 
116 

78 
105 
119 
122 
128 

144 
108 
143 


03 




N. Y 


22 
20 
22 

22 
22 
23 
21 
15 

19 
17 
23 
21 
19 

22 
20 
17 
18 
19 

16 
16 
16 
18 
19 

18 
16 
16 
14 
14 

18 
15 
18 
17 
18 

15 
18 

17 
16 
13 


20 


N. J 




Pa 


??, 


Del 

Md 


21 

23 


Va 


22 


W.Va 

N. C 


22 
?0 


s. c 


17 


Ga 


21 


Fla 


20 


Ohio 


21 


Ind 

HI 

Mirh 


20 
18 


Wis 

Minn 

Iowa 

Mo 


20 
18 
18 
20 


N. Dak 

S. Dak 

Nebr 


16 
17 
15 


Kans 


17 


Ky 


?I0 


Tenn 

Ala.. 


19 

17 




3.52 4.90 


17 


La 


4.57 
4.25 

4.38 
3.70 
4.55 
4. .52 
4.12 

4.18 
4.00 
4.45 
4.63 
4.08 

4.22 
4.18 
4.32 


5. 4(1 
5.90 

6.40 
4.80 
5.30 
7.00 
6.10 

5.70 
5.40 
6.50 
7.00 
6.50 

6.00 
5.50 
6.10 


13 


Tex 

Okla 

Ark 


14 

15 

18 


Mont 


18 


Yfvo 


15 


Colo 


U 


N. Mex 

Ariz 


13 


Utali 

Nev 

Idaho 

Wash 

Ores 


15 
14 
16 

15 
16 


Call...:.::: 


13 






U.S... 


7.00 


6.96 


6.02 


5.01 


7.74 


6.74 


4.68 


4.15 


6.14 


5.31 


58.77 


47.-8 


129. 86 


138.53 


18.1 


16.9 



THE AORICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 39 

Table 34. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by Slates — Continued. 





November 15. 


State. 


Apples, 
per bu. 


1 

Pears, Grapes, 
perbu. per lb. 


Wal- 
nuts, 
black, 
per bu. 


Hickory 

nuts, 
per ini. 


Peanuts, 
per lb. 


Pecans 
per bu. 


Chest- 
nuts, 
per bu. 


Hops, 
per lb. 




1914 


4-yeai 
aver- 
age. 


1914 


1913 1914 


1913 

i 
1 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1914 


191^^ 


1913 


Maine 


Cts. 
50 

52 
5C 
60 
60 

70 
3S 
50 
47 
52 

35 

42 
43 
48 
80 

SO 


Cts. 
73 

80 
90 
96 
76 

78 
72 
68 
68 
86 

66 

69 
79 
81 
118 

105 


as 

150 




Cts 
125 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts 


Cts 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Dolls. 


Dolls. 


CIS 


Cts. 


NewHampshii-e. 


























Vermont 
















200 
225 
275 

230 
210 
220 
190 














Massachusetts... 


105 










:::;i:::;: 


. 












Rhode Island . . . 




2.2 






150 

2)0 
98 

120 
75 
60 

100 
50 
60 
65 

120 

75 


190 
240 
25( 
210 








2. .50 






Connecticut 


"85 
50 
70 
38 

25 
73 
94 
85 
94 

94 


250 
79 
65 

100 




200 
125 

80 
77 
62 

75 
46 
65 
70 
88 

70 










Now York 


1.9 


6.2 








3.10 
3.65 
3.20 
3.75 

2.25 
1.55 

2.00 
1.55 
3.50 

2.40 


29 


39 


New Jersey 










Pennsylvania . . . 


3.7 


6.0 












Delaware 












Maryland 








1 












Virginia 


'136 
122 

no 

140 


3.5 
8.0 


5.0 
8.3 


"125 
81 
75 

100 


50 
159 


3.2 


4.0 








West Virginia.. - 






North C'arolina.. 


74 
100 

70 

75 

135 

130 

125 

125 
125 
150 
135 
100 


3.9 

4.9 

5.3 
5.0 


3.6 

5.0 

5.2 
5.0 


4.00 
6.10 

5.90 
5.60 






South Carolina.. 


10.0 
13.8 








Georgia 






Florida 






Ohio 


60 
66 

78 

43 

.87 
95 
85 
65 

120 
110 
92 
90 
70 

70 
100 
90 
75 
100 

80 
75 
72 

1.36 

75 

1 

100 

192 
60 

120 
75 

62 

77 
72 


74 
.80 

72 
93 
108 
100 
67 


70 
69 
90 

58 
99 

126 

a5 


110 
70 

88 

92 

im 
120 
120 

225 


3.0 
4.0 

2.1 
3.5 


4.4 
4.8 
4.0 

2.8 


55 
62 
70 

50 
100 
73 


6S 
65 
65 

50 
75 

too 


135 
115 
125 

125 
150 

"m 

90 


3.00 
2.45 






Indiana 






4.25 
3.75 






Ulinois 










Michigan 












Wisconsin 














Minnesota 














Iowa 


4.5 


4.9 
2.5 


85 8.5 














Missouri 


60 


55 
100 


5.1 


6.3 


3.50 








North Dakota... 








South Dakota... 


118.... 


"'4.'6 
5.5 
7.0 

8.3 


7. 5 
5.2 

"s.'o 

6.6 





















Nebraska 


89 
83 
84 

91 
103 
102 

"126 

105 
97 
116 


147 170 


90 

78 
52 

51 
72 

85 


93 
90 
55 

60 
92 
93 
100 
98 

75 
6) 


"125 
100 

88 
100 

85 

"65 

55 
72 


175 
180 
100 

92 
105 
92 
50 
73 

75 
75 














Kansas 


110 

85 

100 
98 

100 
83 
85 

125 
100 


160 
100 

120 
120 
100 
130 
113 

160 
120 
165 






3.46 
3.30 

6. 06 
5.00 
3.50 
3.77 

3.00 
3.50 








Kentucky 


6.8 

4.0 
5.0 
4.5 
4.0 
4.7 

5.5 
5.0 


5.3 

4.2 
4.7 
4.5 
3.8 
4.7 

4.8 
5.0 


1.05 

1.55 
2.00 
2.65 






Tennessee 

Alabama 






Mississippi 


15.0 








Louisiana 






Te.xas 


8.5 

CO 
5.0 


8.5 

3.2 
6.0 


75 

80 
60 








Oklahoma 








Arkan.sas 








Montana 








Wyoming 








;; 
















Colorado 


104 

119 

""167 
140 
93 

88 
88 
91 


190 
100 


175 

140 
215 
130 


























New Mexico 














7.5 


7.0 










Arizona 


io.o 

7.0 
5.0 

3.0 


0.3 


















Utah 






















Nevada 


8.5 
0.0 

3.0 






















Idaho 


135 

65 
100 
96 


150 

99 
110 
70 




200 




200 














Washington 










12 
10 
12 


24 


Oregon 


















22 


California 


2.0 


3.0 


















24 






















United States. 


57.3 


80.1 


77.7 


33.0 


?.2 


3.4 


75.3 


70.2 


119.0 


127.1 


4.4 


4.4 


4.01 


2.19 


15.6 


26.0 



40 farmers' bulletin 645. 

Table 35.— Prices paid to pwduccrs of farm products, by /S^o/es— Continued . 



State. 



November 15. 



Beans, 
per bii . 



per bu. 



1914 1913 1914 1913 



Onions, 
per bu . 



1914 1913 



Turnips, 
per bii. 



1914 1913 



Broom 

corn, 

per ton. 



1914 1913 



Pop 

corn, 

per bu. 



1914 : 1913 



Honey 
(comb), 
per lb. 



1914 1913 



Honey 
fext.). 
per lb. 



1914 1913 



Maine 

New Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massa<'liiisetts 

Rliode Island 

Comiecticut 

New York 

New Jereey 

Pennsylvania. 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina. . , 
South Carolina.. 

Georgia 

Florida , 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 



Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Miiuiesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 



North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 



Tenne,ssee. . 
Alabama. . . 
Mississippi . 
J.iOuisiana.. 
Texas 



Oklahoma . 
Arkansas . . 
Montana.. 
Wyoming. 
Colorado. . 



New Mexico. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada , 

Idaho 



Washington. 

Oregon 

California . . . 



Dollars. 



3.20 
2.H8 
2.80 
2.42 
2.75 

2.80 
2.56 
2.72 
2.00 
2.50 

2.50 
2.60 
2.74 
2.45 



2.40 
2.72 
2.58 
2.64 
2.55 

2.02 

2 

2.30 

2.75 

2.65 

2.95 
2.85 
3.00 
2.60 
2. .50 

2.35 
2.90 
3.50 



2.8: 

3.00 
3.00 
2.90 
3.20 
2.00 

2.26 
2.80 
3.10 



3.00 
3.00 
2.50 



2.7? 
2.87 
2.57 



2.42 

2. .56 
2.44 
2.60 
2. 50 
2.60 

2.30 
2.52 
2. 66 
2.25 
2.69 

2.33 
2.08 
2.57 
2.41 
2.35 

1. 75 
2.19 
2.18 
2.50 
2.71 

2.93 
2.65 
2.95 
3.00 
2.45 

2. 55 
2.30 
2.40 
2.65 
2.80 

2.48 
2.98 
3.00 
3.20 
2.50 

2.50 
2.80 
3.20 
3.60 

2.35 

2 

3.00 

2.03 



Cents. 
1251 110 



105 
90 
91 

98 
40 
61 
110 
142 

120 
175 
145 
150 
190 

180 
196 
110 
135 
130 

73 
110 
1S5 
200 
170 

250 
220 
160 
1.50 
180 

190 
205 
250 
22; 
240 

200 
250 
125 
165 

SO 

200 
2.50 
170 
200 

150 

145 
210 
150 



United States 



2.28 2.20 114.4 



200 
140 
130 

170 
80 
110 
160 

270 

220 
190 
185 
200 
210 

225 
240 

220: 

215 
210 

125 
130 
140 
260 

245 

32. 
280 
248 
220 
250 

230 
220 
250 
24.' 
305 

230 
300 
225 
215 
140 

240 
275 
210 
210 
190 

160 
200 



158.0 



Cents. 



65 
77 
105 

100 
98 

105 
90 

115 

106 
167 
70 
76 
95 



136 
115 
110 
100 
105 

100 
135 
115 
120 
125 

120 
110 
90 
145 



120 
120 
115 
135 
95 

SO 
96 
70 



105 
110 
109 
125 
105 

105 
100 
100 



85 
100 
115 

91 
130 

120 
160 
110 
108 
120 



51 95 

75 100 

1001 92 

90 110 



165 

140 

14 

155 

110 

99 
135 
147 
120 
160 

125 
120 
140 
175 
125 



Cents 

44 

55 

46 

50 

50 

46 
39 
50 

48 
35 

28 
35 
50 
39 
60 

76 
60 
44 
38 
45 

29 
35 
37 
45 
3 



150 


85 


170 


80 


140 


82 


170 




135 


51 


114 


55 


114 


51 


95 


55 


114.9 


47.4 



Dollars. 



35 
48 
65 
45 
74 

80 

100 

54 

47 
52 

29 
42 
40 
65 
51 

46 
65 
55 
67 
51 



65 
55 
70 
100 



Cents. 



110 

160 

54 

70! 
60 

60| 
51 
105. 



225 
220 
220 



280 
2S0 



210 
230 



90 



80 



150 215 

148 228 
100' 125 
llOi 132 
125 



140 



120 



50 



105 



.56. 1 65. 82 



138 



150 
1.56 

178 

78 
150 
200 
121 
125 

150 
185 
175 
150 
130 

135 
200 
190 



93 



220 



150 
120 



99.80 



165 
200 



300 



210 
224 
290 



159.0 



120 
140 
125 
175 

120 



160 
163 
173 

134 

185 
160 
1 
165 

200 

175 

19 

215 

130 

134 
180 
200 
155 
190 

200 

1(33 



280 
280 



169.3 



Cents. 

19 

21 

19 

20 



13.7 



Cents. 



12 
13 
13 
14 
14 

12 
7 
14 
16 
13 

10 
10 
10 
10 
13 

12 
13 
12 
13 
16 

15 
12 
12 



THE AGEICULTTJKAL OUTLOOK. 41 

Table 3Q.— Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States— Continued . 





November 15. 


State. 


03 r^ 

li 


O u 


— a 


- . 

^ p. 


Timothy 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Clover 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Alfalfa 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Cotton 

seed, per 

ton. 


Soy beans, 
perbushel. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 




Dol 
14. 00 
18. 00 
13. 20 
21.50 
24. 30 

18.70 
15.70 
IS. 50 
14.90 
16.50 

17.00 
18. 70 
18. 20 
21.20 
20. 50 

21. 00 
18.00 
14. 20 
15.40 
15.40 

11.90 
10.30 
8.90 
11.20 
14. 80 

9.00 
8.50 
9.40 
11.10 

18.30 

19.50 
22.00 
20.00 


ars. 
12.00 
17.70 
14.00 
18. 80 
22.00 

24.00 
13.00 
16.90 
13.40 


Dollars. 


Dol 


ars. 


Dollars. 


Dol 


ars. 


Dol 


ars. 


Dol 


ars. 


New Hampshire 
































3.50 










































Rhode Island 






















2.75 










3.00 
3.30 




















15.50 
20.00 


15.50 


3.20 


10.10 


9.25 


9.60 


10.82 








2.50 








2.72 
2.18 
1.75 








2.75 
2.75 

2.75 
.3.00 
3.30 


2.40 
3.00 

'2.' 90 
3.15 
3.25 


8.40 
7.00 

7.20 
9.80 


7.70 


8.50 


9.00 
8.00 










13. 50 

15.00 
16.50 
16.20 
18.80 
22.20 

21.00 
19.50 
12.40 
13.20 
13. 50 

10. 00 
9.00 
8.70 
10.00 
13. SO 


16.00 
























19. 00 
21.00 
19. 00 
24. 60 

24. 50 
21.00 
15. 60 
15.90 
15.80 

13. 40 
11.40 
10. 0(1 
11.70 

15. 00 


13.06 
16.00 

13. 00 
19.00 
10.00 
8.70 
10. .50 

"e.'go 

(i. CO 
8.60 
11.20 

6.20 
6.10 
7.60 
8.10 

13. 50 
14.10 
11.00 
14.00 
9.10 

S. SO 


9 60 


8.75 


ii'so 


27.67 

16.00 
15 80 


29.00 

26.' 60 
26.50 

24.90 
20.60 


2.00 
2.92 
1.60 

2.50 

"2.'25 
2.20 
2.75 


2.60 


West Virginia 


10. 40 10. 20 






9.35 




1.44 










2.50 
















15.00 
14.00 


1.96 


Florida 


i 










2.25 


Ohio 


2.45 
2.55 
2.50 

2.45 
2.10 
2.45 
2.25 
2.90 

1. 90 
2.00 
3. 25 
3. 00 
3.00 

3.20 


2.30 
2.40 
2.40 

2.40 
2.20 
2.00 
2.00 

2.75 

2.40 
1.8.5 
.3.00 
2. 30 
2.80 

2.85 


7.95 
8.10 
8.60 

s.oo 

7.25 
7.85 
S.OO 
9.10 


7.15 
6.90 

7. 75 

7.15 
7.00 
8.00 
7.20 
8.30 


8.00 
8.30 
9.00 

8.50 
7.60 

s.'oo 

8.00 


8.75 

8.40 
,7.60 

8.80 
7.60 
6.00 

8. 50 


1.88 


Indiana 






2.10 


Illinois 






2.35 










Wisconsin 






2.00 
2.00 


2.00 


Minnesota 






1,50 




8.00 

12.00 
8.60 
6.50 
5.30 




20.00 


2.50 
2.25 


3,90 




South Dakota 


9.20 
8.40 
9.90 
10. 00 

18.20 
22.00 
15.00 
11.40 
14.00 

12.00 
16.00 
10.80 
9.50 
10.00 


8. SO 
9.00 

9. 60 

IS. 80 

18. 70 
21.00 
21.30 
16.00 
14.50 

11.40 

15.90 

10. 00 

7.80 

7.70 

10. 00 
12.00 

7.30 
If.. 70 

7.20 

10.10 
7.20 
7.80 


9. 00 
8.90 
9.00 
9.50 

10.20 


7. .50 
9.00 
7.20 
8.60 

8.60 


8.70 
7.15 
6. SO 














3.00 


2.25 










Kentucky 

Tennessee 


8.30 

8.80 






2.35 

1.70 
2.50 
1.60 


2.00 


15. 00 
13. 40 


24.60 
24.20 
21.20 

IS 00 


2.07 




2.30 


Mississippi 














13.60 
13. 60 


1.85 
















1.50 






1..... 






7.10 
7.20 


7.40 
6.00 


13. 20 

12.00 
13. 50 


20. lol 


2.90 




9.80 
15.70 
11.50 
10. 80 
12.30 

11.00 










20.20 
18.00 


2.10 


1.00 




11.00 

s. 70 
11.60 

s. SO 
9.20 

14.00 

6. 50 
14. .50 

7. .50 

"5.' 40 
6.00 














1.75 


2.90 
2.25 


7.10 




8.00 
7.25 
7.40 


7.50 
7.80 
6. 10 

6.80 
8.20 
.5.20 
7.80 
7.20 


















Colorado 




7.20 






























S. -10 












s.oo 




"i.'sii 
2.00 


4.60 
2.65 
1. 85 


'7.' .50 

7.30 
4.60 


9.00 

e.'io 


6.75 
7.95 
7.50 






















10. 40 

12. ()0 
10.50 
7.50 


S.OO 

10. 10 
9.10 
9.60 






















6.20 


9.00 
7.30 


6.20 
7.45 










































United States 


13.69 


12.70 


9.20 


7.49 


2.34 


2.08 


8.02 


7.33 


7.29 


6.36 


14.01 


22.46 


2.15 


1.57 



42 FAKMEES BULLETIN 045, 

Table 37. — Prices paid to producers of/arm products, by States — Contiaued. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

^'e^mont 

Massachusetts | I 22. 

Ehode Island ! 26.0 25.0 



Prices paid to producers, 
Nov. 15. 



Prices paid by producers, Nov. 15. 



Turkeys, 
per lb. 



Cents 

23.01 15.0 

22.0' 23.0 

19.7' 21.0 



Connect icnt ' 26.0 

New York : 19.6 

New Jersey I 21.1 

Pennsylvania i 18. 2 

Delaware ' 18. 



Maryland 

Virfrinia 

We^t Virgmia... 
North Carol uia.. 
South Carolina.. 



18.0 
15.3 
15.8 
15.0 
15.5 



27.0 
20.0 
25.0 
19.4 
20.0 

18.0 

15 

16.0 

14.9 

15.2 



Georgia ! 15.1; 16.4 

Florida 19.6! 18.3 

Ohio 15.21 16.2 

Indiana 13. 6i 15.0 

Illinois 14.3 15.7 

Michigan 15. 8 . 16. 2 

Wisconsin 14.4 15.4 

Minnesota 12.61 14.0 

Iowa 1 15.0' 14.8 

Missouri ....■ 12.8 13.9 



Chickens, 
per lb. 



Eggs, 
per doz. 



1914 1913 1914 1913 1914 1913 

I 



Clover 

.seed, 

per bush . 



Cents. 

13.51 13.41 

16. 6| 15.0; 

11. 6i 12.0; 

17. 5| 15.7; 

17.0 16.31 

18. 2! 17.9 

13. 6i 14.3: 

16. 4| 17. 0| 

12. S 1.3.1; 

13.0 14.6 



13.0 
12.2 
11.7 
11.5 
11.1 

13.2 
16.9 
11.0 
10.0 
10.6 



14. 0] 
13.41 
12.3 
12.5' 
13. 6j 

14.7! 
16.2 
11.3 
10.5 
10.9 



10.31 10. S 

10.2: 10. 8i 

9.1 9.8| 

10.5 10.4 

10. 9. 7! 



North Dakota....! 13. ll 14.0 10.4 

South Dakota....! 13.41 14.1 9.4 

Nebraska I 13.4, 14.2 9.2! 

Kansas ; 11.8! 12.4; 9.5i 

Kentucky | 12. ll 13.71 10.1 



Tennessee .... 12.i 13.3 

Alabama I 14.0; 15.2 

Mississippi ' 13.8! ^■^ 1 

Louisiana ' 15.6 15.0 

Texas i 10.91 11.1 



Oklahoma. 

Arkansas 
Montana 
Wyoming 
Colorado 




W'ashington.. 

Oregon 

California 



10.0 
12.6 
12.2 
13.1 
10.3 

9.6 
9.6 
13.7 
12.0 
11.4 

13.7 
14.0 
11.5 
19.0 
10. S 

11.6 
11.2 
15.0 



10.8 
9.3 
9.1 
9.0: 

10.6 

10.3 
13.5 
13.2 

13. 6 

10. 5 

9.2 
10.0 
14.0 
12.1 
11.9 



Dollars. 



Timothy 

seed, 
I)er bush. 



1914 1913 



401 
46! 
40 
50 
52 

49 
39 
43 
35 
35 

32| 

2S' 
28| 
25' 
26j 

i 
30 

-J 
27, 

27i 

27: 

26; 
24' 
23 

I 

26; 
25 
23 
23 

26, 

22] 
23 
22 
21; 
22; 



43ll4. 90110. 80I 3.40 



Dolhrs. 



Alfalfa 

seed, 

per bush. 



1914 1913 



Dollars. 



11. 00113. 00 
12.60114.00 

13.00! 

12.00110.80 



3.25 
3.50 
3.60 
3.20 



5i 12. 7511.5.00 3 
4111.20! 9.50i 3.70 



11.50'11.20 3.25 
10.30 S.90 3.25 
8.00' 3.60 



3.40;.. 
3.49.. 
3.7015.00 

3'.2o\'.'. 



3.5014.00 
3.2510.60 
3.0010.00 
2.851 9.90 
3.0010.00 



Bran, 
per ton, 



Dollar.^. 
29. 10127. 70 
29. 10;27. 50 
27. 70 27. 40 

28.40! |,33. 10 

28. 30127. 80131. 80 



Cotton- 
seed meal, 
per ton. 



1914 1913 



Dollars. 



32. 80 
33.10 
31.50 



35.30 
34.90 
34.10 

3.5.".30 



15. 00 27. 80 27. 30^1. 10 33. 70 
11. 60|28. 0026. 80 32. 40 35.00 
.. 28.30!27.80;33.00 35.20 
10. .35 27. 4;y26. 90 32. 60i34. 00 
9. 50 30. 00 31. 30 31. 00,30. 00 



37 9.00i 9.00 2.75! 2.75' 27.00 27.50 31.20,34.00 

3110.50| 9.70 3.20 3.00110.00' 9. 00,28. 70 28. 60|29. 90 32. 40 
3l!l0. 40,11. 00 3. .50, 3. 30llO. 80 12. 00 30. 70 29. 90 34. 80136. 70 
261 10. 20, 10. 00 3..50, 3.60!ll.00; 8.50 31. 30 31. 20 27.20132. 30 
28! 1 1 110.25' 30.50 32.30 23.70 28.70 



8.95 



9.33'. 



8.101 3.00 



9.101 8.00 3.10 



30 9^70 8^801 3^20 



30 9.80 8.50; 3.20 
29 S.3.5| 8.00 2.95 
29 9.00, 9.00 2.50 



9.25! 8.40 2.50 
10.20! 9.75; 3.40 



.50 



9.00 
9.50 



28,10.50 



12.50 2.85 

8.50 2.25 

9.00 3.50 

9.00 3.30 

9.30 3. 25' 



30.80 30.90 24.20:29.60 
31.30 32.40 28.40 32.90 
2.75 9.50; &.30|28. 10'27.20 31.50'34.00 
2.90i 9.80 9. 10 26.30 26. 10 30. 20;33. 30 
2. 90 10, 20' 9. 30 25. 20 25. 2029. 80 31. 60 



3.00' 9.80, 9.30 2i 
2.70 9.50! 9.50 24. 
2..50,11.0011.50j23. 
2. 30110. .85 10. 30 24. 
3.0510.1010.00 24. 

3.00i '12.5024. 

2. 10 10. 00 10. 5023. 
3.501 7.45| 6.75 22. 
2.60i 7.50I 6.0(121. 
2. 95; 9. 401 9. 10 27. 



50 26, 
40,23 

70' 23, 
00|24 
70 25, 

50 21. 
30 23. 
90 23. 
50 23. 

70 28. 



70 32. 
80 33. 
40 33. 
70 31. 
00 29. 

70 30. 
10 32. 
37 28. 
40 26. 
30 29. 



34. 10 
,34. 30 
28. 50 
32. 20 
31. 00 



00 27. 00 
00 29.00 
60,32. 50 
70 32.911 
30 31. 40 



2711.3010.20 3.25 3.10,10.20 10.00 28.60,29.70 28.30,31.00 
27 12.2511.00 3.50 3. 00,13. 00 10. 00 30. 60 29. 90|24. 30 30. 10 

26:11. 00 ' 112. 25' i29. 10 28. 40|24. 70 30. 20 

27' 9.50 1 '27.00128.70 26.10 29.31) 

26 ! 1 8.00 7.40 27.53 30 50 24.80,30.70 



50 7.80 24.40 26.30 25.50,31.01) 
10. 50,11. 10 26. 70 28. 00 25. 40,29. 70 

8.40 8.00 25.40 22.301 1 

10. 40 12. 00 24. 80!23. .50| t 

8. 50 7. 50 24. 30125. .50 28. 80 34. 70 

.3031.00,37.30 
..40.00 




131.97 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 43 

Table 3S.— Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Nov. 15- 



Dec. 13- 



Ilogs per 100 lbs. 

Beef cattle do... 

Veal calves do... 

Sheep do... 

Lambs do... 



Milch cows per head. 

Horses do. .. 

Turkeys perlb. 

Chickens do. .. 

Eggs per doz. 

Honey comb per lb- 
Honey, extract do. . . 

Wool, unwashed do... 

Wool, washed do. . . 

Walnuts, black per bu. 

Hickory nuts do. . . 

Chestnuts do... 

Pecans do. . . 

Peanuts per lb. 

Apples per bu. 



Pears do. . . 

Beans do... 

Beans, soy do. . . 

Sweet potatoes do. . . 

Turnips do. . . 



Onions do... 

Cabbages per 100 lbs . 

Timothy hay per ton. 

Clover hay do. . . 

Alfalfa hay do. . . 

Prairie hay do. . . 

Clover seed per bu. 

Timothy seed do. . . 

Alfalfa seed do. . . 

Broom corn per ton. 

Pop corn perbu. 

Cottonseed per ton. 

Hops per lb. 

Paid by farmers: 

Clover seed per bu. 

Timothy seed do. . . 

Alfalfa seed do. . . 

Bran per ton. 

Cottonseed meal do . . . 



1914 



S7.00 
6.02 
7.71 
4.6S 
6.14 

58.77 

130. 00 

.141 

.111 



.137 
.111 

.181 
.240 



1.19 

2.19 

4.01 

.041 



.7S 
2.28 
2! 15 



.81 

1.14 

13. 69 



12. 70 
9.20 

7.49 
8.02 
2. .34 
7.29 
66.00 

1.59 
14.01 
.156 



10.06 
3.11 
8.45 
26.40 
28. 36 



1913 



S7.33 
5.99 
7.70 
4.27 
5.64 

57. 71 

136.00 

.152 

.114 

.313 

.141 
.118 
.156 



.0J4 
.94 

.93 
2.20 
1.57 

.73 

.56 

1.15 
1.58 



7. 33 

2.08 

6.36 

100.00 

1.69 
22. 46 
.260 



9.13 

2.87 

7.65 

26.47 

31.97 



S7.05 
5.22 
6.77 
4.05 
5.37 

47.38 

139.00 

.144 

.108 



.138 
.120 
.186 
.244 
.65 

1. 12 



.04; 
.64 



.79 
2. 25 



..84 
1.04 



9. 06 

1.82 

8. 23 

69.00 

1.41 

18.57 

.19; 



11.23 
2.67 
9.73 
25. 66 
29. 37 



4.36 
6.10 
3.65 
4.68 

42.70 
136.00 



$7.61 
4.48 
6.39 
4.63 
5.54 

43. 34 
143.00 



.136 
.124 
.156 
.215 



.044 
.73 



.85 
2.34 



1.03 
1.51 



10. 37 
6.90 



16.69 
.414 



26.72 
30. 12 



.137 
.125 
.179 
.260 



.04; 

.89 



1.01 
2.14 



.95 
1.30 



7.70 
4.0s 



96. 00 



$7.16 
5.96 
7.74 
4.46 

5.8-5 

57.19 
135. 00 
.155 
.113 
.329 

.140 
.116 
.161 



.04.S 
1.04 

.0.8 

2.12 

1. 72 

.76 

.55 

1.15 
1.75 



7.70 

2.10 

6.60 

92.00 



1.66 
25. 36 23. 48 
142 . 294 



S6.89 
5.33 
6.88 
4.21 
5.70 



Oct. 15— 



87.43 
6.23 
7.97 
4.81 
6.09 



48. 62 59. 53 

139.00 131.00 

.148 .141 

. 106 . 120 

. 298 . 23' 



.14 
.120 
.186 
. 235 
.70 



.046 
.73 



.81 
1.15 



9. 00 

1.79 

7.86 

57.00 

1.57 

21.42 

.17J 



.135 
.111 
.180 
.237 

.68 

1.12 

2. 40 
4.08 

.04.;; 

.56 

.80 
2.17 
2.08 

.79 



.88 
1.31 
13.66 
12. 47 
8.96 

7.59 
8. 24 
2.34 
7.29 
67.00 



15. 28 
.191 



24.45 
31.37 



9.43 
2.84 



26.43 
32.36 



11.10 
2.47 
9.49 
25.16 
30.16 



10.32 
3.19 
8.97 
26.71 
29. 44 



$7.60 
6.05 
7.72 
4.16 
5.51 

56.47 

138.00 

.146 

.130 

.260 

.139 
.116 
.155 
.226 
.69 

1.18 



.048 
.86 



1.96 

.78 



1.10 
1.69 



7. 00 

2. 02 

6.P6 

102. 00 



22.01 
.295 



9.32 

2.80 

8.73 

26. 52 

31.94 



1912 



$7.70 
5.36 
6.90 
4.19 
5.42 

47.30 
140.00 
. 136 
.116 
.248 

.136 
.1-23 
.185 

. 232 

'. 66" 

1.05 



.017 
.61 



.83 
2.34 



.85 
1.08 



9. 37 

1.95 

7.87 

70.00 



18.04 
.222 



11.28 

2.84 
9.84 
26. 58 
30. 28 



Wheat cts. per bu 

Corn do.. 

Oats do.. 

Barley do. . 

Rye do.. 

Buckwheat do. . 

Potatoe.'; do.. 

Fla.xseed do. . 

Hay dols. per ton 

Butter cts. per lb 

Eggs cts. per doz 

Chickens cts. per lb 

Cotton do. . 



Dec. 1. 



98. 6 
63.7 
43. 8 
54.3 
86.5 
76.4 
48.9 
125. 6 
11.11 
28.4 
29. 7 
11.3 
6.8 



79. 9 
69.1 
39.2 
53.7 
63.4 
75. 5 
68.7 
119.9 
12.43 
29.2 
33. 
11.4 
12.2 



7(3, 
48.7 
31.9 
50.5 
66.3 
66.1 
.iO. 5 
114.7 
11. 7{ 
28.8 
29.7 
10.8 
11.9 



87.4 

61.8 

45.0 

86.9 

83.2 

72.6 

79.9 

1.82. 1 

14.64 

27.4 

28.7 

9.6 

8.8 



88.3 
4.8.0 
34.4 
57.8 
71.5 
66.1 
.55. 7 
231.7 
12. 26 
27.8 
29.0 
10.6 
14.2 



76.2 
48.9 
32.2 
49.9 
63.8 
66.8 
50.6 
106. 2 
11.86 
28.4 
26.8 
10.7 
12.2 



8.8. 
62. 2 
45.1 
86.4 

82. 7 



14. .85 
28.1 
29.5 
9.8 

8.4 



Nov. 1. 



96.2 
69.7 
42.5 
51.3 
80.6 
78.1 
54.0 
118.7 
11.71 
27. 2 
25^2 
11.9 
6.3 



77.0 
70.7 
37.9 
54.7 
63.2 
75.5 
69.6 
118.7 
12.26 
28.2 
27! 4 
12.1 
13.0 



58.4 
33.6 
53.8 
68.8 
65.5 
45.5 
133.4 
11.80 
26.9 
25.0 
11.2 
10. 9 



44 FAKMEKS' BULLETIN 645. " 

Table 39. — Range of -prices of agricultural products at market centers. 



Product and market. 



Wheat per bushel: 

No. 2 red winlcr, St. Louis 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter, New York ' 

Corn per bushel: 

No. 2 mLxed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2 mLxed, New York ' 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago 

Baled hay per ton: No. I timothy, Chi- 
cago 

Hops, per pound: Choice, New York 

Wool pi^r pound: 

Ohio hua unwashed, Boston 

Best tub washed, St. Louis 

Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk of sales, 

Chicago 

Butter per poimd : 

Creamery, extra, New York 

Creamery, extra, Elgm 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh, New York 

Average best fresh, St. Louis 

Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New York.. 



Dec. 1,1914. Nov., 1914. Oct., 1914. Nov., 1913. Nov., 1912, 



$1. 12' 
1.14i 
1.26 

.63 
.63? 



.473 
.48" 
1.08 

15.00 
.26 

.23 
.31 



.331 
.32 

.43 
.27 
.14i 



$1. 13i 
1.15J 
1.26 

.63 J 
.64 



.47A 

.48| 

1.08 J 

15.50 
.28 

.24 
.32 



.32 

.62 
.27 
.15 



.08 
• 111 
.22 

.63 
.62| 



. 44J 
.47' 
.96 

.00 
.26 

.23 
.31 



$1.01 
1.02 
1.13J 

.70 
.71* 



.42 
.44^ 
.88 



00 14.00 
36 .33 



.23 
.31 

6.95 

.29J 
.29 

.31 
.20 
.144 



.48-1 
. 48J 
.96 

16.50 
.50 

.25 
.32 

8.60 

.33J 
.31^ 

.55 

.24i 
.154 



.92 



. 73.', 
.651 
.794 

.39 
.37-1 
.61 

16.50 
.43 

.20 

.28 

7.40 

.32 
.31 

.36 

.28 
.151 



.95,1 

.97 

.00^ 

.77 
.681 
.83 

.4U 
.39i 
.66 

.50 

.48 

.21 

.28 



«0.94 
.98* 
1.05 

. 454 
.50" 



.31 

.301 
.59| 

16.00 
.31 

.24 
.36 



..32 
.29 

.40 
.25 
.17} 



81.09 
1.07 J 
1.08 

.62 
.58} 



.33 J 
.31i 



18.00 
.33 



.37 
.34 

.60 
.26 
.17^ 



' F. o. b. afloat. 

* September colored- 



September to April, inclusive; new colored, May to July, inclusive; colored, August. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



45 




WASHINGTON : GOVEllXilEXT PttlNTlXG OFFICE : 1914 



U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



651 



Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. 
February 6, 1915. 





THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

Live stock on farms, January 1, 1915 1 

Live-stock values per head 3 

Yearly marketings of live stock 3 

Effect of war on exports of horses 3 

Foot-and-mouth disease 4 

Stocks of potatoes, January 1 , 1915 5 

Fall seedings iii cotton States 7 

Crop-value comparisons 8 



Page. 

Trend of prices of farm products 10 

Apple cold-storage holdings and the market . . 10 

Production of upland long-staple cotton 12 

Estimated number on farms and value of do- 
mestic animals (tables) 14 

Prices of farm products (tables) 20 

International Institute crop report 29 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF MARCH CROP REPORT. 

On Monday, March 8, at 2.15 p. m., the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Department of Agriculture, will issue 
a report relating, mainly^ to stocks of grain in farmers' hands. The report will give an estimate of the 
amount of wheat, com, oats, and barley of the 1914 crop on farms in the United States on March 1; the 
proportion of each of these crops which will be shipped out of counties where grown, and the percentage of 
the 1914 corn crop which was of merchantalile quality. Detailed estimates, by States, will be published 
in the March issue of the Agricultural Outlook. 



LIVE STOCK ON FARMS, JANUARY 1, 1915. 

In this issue of the Agricultural Outlook are given estimates of the 
numbers and values of live stock on farms and ranges, by States as 
well as for the United States, on January 1, 1915. Similar estimates 
for previous years are also given for the purpose of comparison. 

The immbers of every class of live stock — that is, horses, mules, 
milch COWS, other cattle, sheep, and swine — increased during the past 
year. Such geneial increase has not occurred in any of the previous 
five years. The increase in numbers of horses amounted to 233,000, 
or 1.1 per cent; of mules to 30,000, or 0.7 i)er cent; of milch cows to 
525,000, or 2.5 per cent; of other cattle to 1,212,000, or 3.4 per cent; 
of sheep to 237,000, or 0.5 per cent; of swine to 5,685,000, or 9.6 per 
cent. 

The total value of all live stock on farms and ranges January 1 is 
estunated at $5,969,253,000, an increase of $78,024,000, or 1.3 per 
cent, over the valuation a year ago. Of tKis total valuation nearly 

79334°— Bull. 651—15 1 



2 farmers' bulletin 651, 

one-half is for work animals, and the other half for food animals. 
During the past year the prices as weU as the total value of work 
animals decreased, but the prices as well as the total value of food 
a,nimals increased. Swine alone of the food animals decreased some- 
what in price per head, although their aggregate value is higher than 
a year ago. 

The value of horses per head has been tending downward moder- 
ately for the past two years; the decline during the past year, how- 
ever, has been more material. The loss is severest in the cotton- 
growing States and in the surplus breeding States. Undoubtedly the 
depression in the cotton situation is responsible to a great extent for 
this dechne in value and much more than offsets any tendency 
toward increased prices from foreign demand for horses for war 
purposes. Mules, which are used in the South more extensively than 
horses, declined in value more than did horses. 

Milch cows have increased more during the past year than usual; 
that is, 2.5 per cent, which is somewhat greater than the rate of 
increase of population in the United States; but, notwithstanding 
this increase, their values have continued to increase. At the present 
time an average cov/ is worth more than $55, whereas five years ago 
the average cow was worth only about $35. 

One of the most significant features of the live-stock situat^ion at 
the present time is the turn from a long, steady dechne in numbers of 
beef cattle to an increase, the increase for the year being 3.4 per cent. 
In the live-stock markets relatively smaller marketings of calves and 
cows in the past year indicate the disposition to increase supphes. 
Notwithstanding the increased numbers, the value per head was about 
7 per cent higher than a yea,r ago. 

Sheep declined in numbers during the year in the eastern farming 
States, but increased on the ranges. The spring of 1914 was favor- 
able for saving the lamb crop; wool has been fairly remunerative in 
price of late; feed supply on the ranges is fairly liberal; and, conse- 
quently, there is an effort toward renewing, or increasing, sheep rais- 
ing on the ranges. In Montana and Wyoming the opening of new 
settlements is decreasing the range area, but not to an extent suffi- 
cient to offset the tendency to increase in other sections of the range 
country. 

Swine increased to a greater extent than any other class of stock 
during the past year. This is due partly to diminished effect of the 
ravages of hog cholera, and partly to a favorable year for breedmg 
stock. In consequence of the large increase in numbers, the value 
per head has dechned moderately, but prices are stiU relatively high, 
and the total value of aU swine in the country was higher on January 
1 than in any previous year on that date. 

Tables 7 to 12, giving the details, will l)e found on pages 14 to 19. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 3 

LIVE-STOCK VALUES PER HEAD. 

Table 1. — Years of lowest and highest United States averages since 1866, and values 

Jan. 1, 1915. 





Lowest. 


Highest. 


Increase, 
per cent. 


Value per 


Class of animals. 


Value per 
head. 


Year. 


Value per 
head. 


Year. 


head, Jan. 
1, 1915. 




$31. 51 

41.66 

21.40 

14.06 

1.58 

3.18 


1897 
1897 
1892 
1895 
1895 
1879 


8111.46 

125. 92 

55.33 

33.38 

4.50 

10.40 


1911 

1911 
1915 
1916 
1915 
1914 


254 
202 
159 
137 
185 
227 


$103.33 


Mules 


112. 36 




.55.33 




33.38 




4.50 




9.87 







YEARLY MARKETINGS OF LIVE STOCK. 

The combined receipts of hogs, cattle, and sheep at Chicago, Kansas 
City, Omaha, St. Louis, Sioux City, St. Joseph, and St. Paul yearly 
since 1900 were as follows : 

Table 2. 



Year.i 



1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 



Cattle.2 



Hogs. 



7, 179, 344 18, .573, 177 
7,708,839 20,339,864 
8,375,408 17,289,427 

8,878,789116,780,2.50 
8,690,699 17,778,827 



9,202,083 
9,373,825 
9, 590, 710 



18,988,9.33 
19,223,792 
19,544,617 



Sheep. 



7,061,466 
7,798,359 
9,177,050 
9, 680, 692 
9,604,812 
10,572,259 
10, 864, 437 
9, 857, 877 



Year. 



1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 



Cattle. 



8,827,360 
9,189,312 
9,116,687 
8, 629, 109 
8, 061, 494 
7,904,552 
7, 182, 239 



Hogs. 



22,863,701 
18,834,641 
14,853,472 
19,926,54" 
19, 771, 825 
19,924,331 
18,272,091 



Sheep. 



9,833,640 
10,284,905 
12,366,375 
13, 521, 492 
13, 733, 980 
14,a?7,830 
13,272,491 



1 Figures for 1900-1909, hiclusive, were taken from the Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance of 
the United States: 1910, and subsequently, from official reports of the stock yards in the cities mentioned. 

2 The receipts of calves (not included m "cattle") at the stock yards of Chicago, Kansas City, St. Joseph, 
St. Paul, and Sioux Citv, combined, were about 664,000 in 1914, as compared with about 741,000 in 1913, 
about 910,000 in 1912, 975,000 iu 1911, 981,000 in 1910, and 869,000 in 1909. 



EFFECT OF WAR ON EXPORTS OF HORSES. 

By G. A. Bell, Senior Animal Hushandvian, Bureau of Animal Industry. 

During the four months September to December, 1914, inclusive, 
about 75,000 horses were exported from the United States. In addi- 
tion to these several thousand more have been purchased for export 
by the agents of the warring nations. It has been feared by some 
that there would be such large numbers exported as to cause an acute 
shortage of horses in this countiy. There is, however, no apparent 
immediate danger of this. 

The 1910 census gave 3,182,789 as the number of hoi^es not on 
farms. There has probably not been any appreciable decrease in that 
number since then. That number added to the 21,195,000, the num- 
ber estimated by the Department of Agriculture, on farms January 1, 
1915, makes a total of over 24,000,000 horses in this countiy, and we 
could sell two or three times the number already exported without 
there being an appreciable shortage of work horses. Three times 



4 . FAEMEES BULLETIN 651. 

the number exported during tlie last four months of the past year, or 
225,000, would be less than 1 per cent of our horse stock. Further- 
more, the kind of horses which have been purchased are for the most 
part very mediocre animals, which would ordinarily sell for less than 
$100 per head and are a class of which we can well afford to be rid. 
But a small percentage of the animals exported are mares and most 
of these are doubtlessly either old mares or nonbreeders. 

The big demand for horses will probably occur after peace has been 
declared. At that time the countries now at war, with the exception 
of Russia, will no doubt be very short of horses for their agricultural 
and other work. According to the best information obtainable 
European Russia had, prior to the outbreak of the war, about 
25,000,000 horses, and is the only country having more horses thtm 
the United States. This country and Russia together have 50 per 
cent of all the horses in the world. The world's stock is estimated to 
be about 100,000,000. A very large number of the horses in Russia 
will be destroyed in the war and the remainder will no doubt be needed 
by Russia for her own agricultural and other work. 

The demands on this country, which has one-fourth of the world's 
supply of horses, will, therefore, be large and Avill probably continue 
for a number of years, for the rehabilitation of the depleted horse stock 
of any country is a slow process. This country, however, will be in 
position to meet this demand if the farmers owning good mares will 
see that they are bred. The owners of such mares should see that 
they are bred to high-class stallions and produce the kind of stock for 
which there is always a good market. The production of superior 
animals of any kind is generally profitable, while the production of 
inferior ones is seldom so. 



FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE AND THE NUMBER OF LIVE STOCK. 

Contrihuted by the Bureau of Animal Industry. 

- The most extensive outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease ever known 
in the United States now seems to be under control, as a result of the 
vigorous policy of eradication followed. While the loss is considera- 
ble, it so" far amounts to but a very small proportion of the aggregate 
value of the live-stock mdustry of the country. 

Twenty States and the District of Columbia have been more or 
less affected since the definite discovery of the disease last October 
in the vicinity of Niles, Mich. These States are Connecticut, Dela- 
ware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massa- 
chusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New 
York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, A'irginia, Washington, and 
Wisconsin. 

A campaign to check the spread of the disease and to stamp it out 
was immediately begun by the United vStates Department of Agri- 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 5 

culture in cooperation with the State autjiorities. Quarantines 
against the movement of animals and certain materials from the 
infected areas were declared, shipments were traced, rumors investi- 
gated, and thorough inspections made in an effort to discover all 
infected stock. As measures of eradication, diseased herds are being 
slaughtered and buried and the premises dismfected. 

By January 31 the work of eradication was practically completed 
in all but seven of the infected States, and further progress is con- 
tinually being made, notwithstanding the occurrence of occasional 
new cases. There have been slaughtered 2,046 herds, consisting of 
46,268 cattle, 7,151 sheep, 22 goats, and 47,735 swine, of an aggregate 
estimated value of $3,399,110.26. 

Illinois has had the largest infected area, 50 out of a total of 102 
counties being affected. In this State 484 herds have been slaugh- 
tered, comprising 14,053 cattle, 378 sheep and goats, and 21,587 
swine, of a total appraised value of -11,146,985. Pennsylvania has had 
infection in 24 out of 67 counties, and 654 herds, valued at $721,619.30, 
have been slaughtered. In Michigan 236 herds and in Ohio 169 herds 
have been slaughtered. None of the remaining States have had over 
50 herds affected, and Virginia and Washington have had onl}' one 
herd each. 

The total number of cattle in the United States on January 1, 1915, 
is estimated at 58,329,000. The number of cattle slaughtered in 
stampmg out foot-and-mouth disease is therefore less than eight one- 
hundred ths of 1 per cent of the total number, and if there is no further 
extension of the infection the number of known affected herds remain- 
ing to be slaughtered will probably not raise the total loss beyond one- 
tenth of 1 per cent. The number of animals slaughtered does not 
exceed the number killed in two or three days in some of the larger 
packing-house centers. So far the losses are mainly local and have 
had no appreciable general effect on the country's total supply of 
meat and dairy animals. The owners of live stock and other property 
destroyed on account of the disease are reimbursed to the extent of the 
appraised value, half of which is paid by the Federal Government 
and half by the State. 

If the plague had been temporized with a,nd had gotten beyond 
control, the United States would doubtless have had to endure per- 
manently an annual loss of many millions of dollars. 



STOCKS OF POTATOES JANUARY 1, 1915. 

Unusually large stocks of potatoes were held on January 1 in the 
large potato-producing States, according to reports of correspondents 
of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. Southern potato growers who 



6 



PAEMEKS BULLETIN 651. 



compete in the spring months with the stocks carried over in the 
northern States should recognize this fact — that supphes of northern 
potatoes are larger than in any of the past five years. Prices are 
unusually low, and therefore may not decline further, but m.aterial 
advances in the next few months can not be forecast from present 
supplies. 

The estimates indicate that 52.8 per cent of the marketable supply 
of potatoes of the 1914 crop remained in the hands of producers or 
dealers on January 1 in the States included in the investigation, 
wliich compares with 51.6 per cent of the 1913 crop held on January 1, 
1914, 49.6 per cent similarly held two years ago, 41.7 three years ago, 
and 51.1 four and five years ago. 

If, for the purpose of comparison, these percentages be applied to 
the estimates of total production, it shows, in the States included 
(which produced 78 per cent of the United States crop), a total of 
166,846,000 bushels January 1, 1915, compared with 123,292,000 a 
year ago, 149,845,000 two years ago, 90,778,000 three years ago, 
133,411,000 four years ago, and 142,381,000 bushels five years ago. 

One feature of the situation is that stocks are held by growers more 
largely than usual; this year their holdings on January 1 were nearly 
5.6 times the amount held by dealers, whereas in the past five years 
their holdings have averaged 4.0 times the amount held by dealers. 

The United States seldom imports or exports relatively a large 
quantity of potatoes. Therefore the European war has no material 
direct bearing upon the potato market of the United States. 

Detailed estimates by States are given in Table 3. 

Table 3. — Stocks of potatoes, Jan. 1, 1915. 





Total 
produc- 
tion, 
hushels 

(000 
omitted). 


Stock in growers' 
hands, Jan. 1. 


Stock in dealers' 
haiids, Jan. 1. 


Total 
stock, 

hushels 
(000 

omitted). 


Price per 
bushel- 


State and year. 


Per cent 
of crop. 


Bushels 

(000 
omitted). 


Per cent 
of crop. 


Bushels 

(000 
omitted). 


Dec. 1. 


Mar. 1. 


New England: 


49,073 
39, 102 
35, 592 
30,925 

53,215 
26, 640 
38,160 

27, 750 

28, 140 
23,320 
28,885 
15,120 

9,936 
8,930 
9,936 
6,132 


51 
46 

48 
48 

55 
55 
47 
35 

41 
38 
33 
23 

S 
6 
13 
6 


25,027 

17,874 
17,084 
14,844 

29,268 
14,630 
17,935 
9,712 

11,537 

8,854 
9,532 
3,478 

795 

534 

1,292 

368 


9 
11 

7 
6 

3 
4 

4 
5 

11 

8 
5 

4 
2 
3 

4 


4,417 
4,388 
2,491 
1,856 


29,444 
22, 262 
19,575 
16,700 


Cents. 
42 
01 
59 

82 

44 

80 
58 
90 

,58 
80 

93 

01 
82 
66 
105 


Cents. 


1913-14 





1912-13 


54 


1911-12 


112 


New York: 
1914-15 


1,596 30,864 
1,004 1 15,694 
1,526 ; 19.461 




1913-14 


78 


1912-13 


63 


1911-12 


1,388 

1,970 
2,563 
2,311 


11,100 

13,507 
11,417 
11,813 


109 


Pennsylvania: 
1914-15 




1913-14. .. 


81 


1912-13 


62 


1911-12 


756 1 4,234 


115 


New Jersey: 
1914 15 


397 
178 
298 
245 


1,192 
712 

1,.590 
613 




1913-14 


88 


1912-13 


71 


1911-12 


114 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 
Table 3. — Stocks of potatoes, Jan. 1, 19 IS^Couthnied. 





Total 
produc- 
tion, 
bushels 

(000 
omitted). 


Stock in 
hands, 


gi'owers' 
Jan. 1. 


Stock in 
hands, 


dealers' 
Jan. 1. 


Total 
stock, 

bushels 
(000 

omitted). 


Price per 
bushel — 


state and year. 


Per cent 
of crop. 


Bushels 

(000 
omitted). 


Per cent 
of crop. 


Bushels 

(000 
omitted). 


Dec. 1. 


Mar. 1. 


Ohio: 

1914 15 


14,2.50 
10, 240 
20,832 
12,350 

6,000 
3,975 
9,918 
5,162 

7,440 
5, 750 
13,837 
6,900 

44,044 
33,600 
36,750 
31,020 

37,696 
32, 155 
34,920 
32, 480 

30,780 
30,250 
33,075 

25,875 

12, 642 

7,200 
18,966 
12, 876 

9,440 
5,664 
9,440 
6,032 

4,464 
2,920 
5,740 
1,760 

8, 760 
9,200 
8,075 
3, 1.50 

315, 880 
238, 946 
304,126 
217,532 
261, 141 
298,308 


34 
26 
31 
25 

33 
30 
31 
22 

28 
21 
17 
20 

52 
49 
51 
41 

54 
53 
51 
37 

36 
37 
41 
32 

23 
20 
31 
15 

38 
27 
32 
25 

10 
10 
19 
11 

50 
55 
60 
45 

44.7 
42.1 
39.8 
33.1 
40.2 
41.2 


4,845 
2,652 
6,459 
3,088 

1,980 
1,200 
3,075 
1,136 

2,083 
1,218 
2,352 
1,3,80 

22,903 
16,964 
18,742 
12,718 

20,356 
17,066 
14,809 
12,018 

11,081 
11,174 
13, 561 

8,2S0 

2,908 
1,440 
5,879 
1,931 

3,587 
1,539 
3,021 
1,508 

446 

290 

1,091 

194 

4,380 
5,060 

4,845 
1,418 

141,196 

100,495 
119,678 
72,072 
104,954 
122,997 


9 
10 
12 

12 
16 
16 
10 

15 
5 
11 

10 

8 
12 
11 
10 

10 
10 

11 
11 

9 
13 
15 
12 

19 
2 
15 
10 

9 

1 
10 

5 
8 
14 

6 

8 

8.1 
9.5 
9.8 
8.6 
10.9 
9.9 


1,282 
1,020 
2, ,500 

864 

720 

640 

1,587 

516 

1,116 

290 

1,522 

1,035 

3,524 
4,032 
4,042 
3,102 

3,770 
3,220 
3,841 
3,573 

2,770 
3,926 
5,161 
3, 105 

2,402 

144 

2,845 

1,288 

8.50 
456 
7.55 
603 

223 
232 
804 
123 

613 
644 
484 
252 

25,650 
22,797 
30, 167 

18, 706 
28,457 
29,384 


6,127 
3,672 
8,959 
3,952 

2,700 
1,840 
4,662 
1,652 

3,199 
1,508 
3,874 
2,415 

26, 427 
20,996 
22,784 
15,820 

24,126 
20,286 
18,650 
15,591 

13,851 
15,100 
18,722 
11,385 

5,310 
4,320 
8,724 
3,219 

4,437 
2,095 
3,776 
2.111 

669 

522 

1,895 

317 

4,993 
5,704 
5,329 
1.670 

166,846 
123, 292 
149,845 
90,778 
133,411 
142,381 


Cents. 
53 
85 
53 
84 

56 

84 
50 

87 

61 
89 
60 
90 

30 
55 
41 
71 

30 
54 
34 
62 

32 
52 

28 
58 

59 

82 
46 
73 

54 
78 
51 
92 

77 
91 
73 
106 

50 
65 
41 
99 

43.2 
66.2 
48.6 
77.6 
49.5 
50.0 


Cents. 


1913-14 


83 


1912-13 


58 


1911-12 


114 


Indiana: 
1914-15 




1913-14 


84 


1912-13 


54 


, 1911-12 


110 


Illinois: 
1914-15 




1913-14 


87 


1912-13 


62 


1911-12 


113 


Michigan: 
1914 15 




1913-14 


53 


1912-13 


38 


1911-12 


89 


Wisconsin: 
1914 15 




1913-14 


55 


1912-13 


32 


1911-12 


85 


Minnesota: 
1914-15 




1913-14 


55 


1912-13 


28 


1911-12... . 


84 


Iowa: 

1914 15 




1913-14 


93 


1912-13. 


.50 


1911-12 


110 


Nebraska: 
1914 15 




1913-14 


84 


1912-13 


52 


1911-12 


124 


Kansas: 
1914 15 




1913-14 


98 


1912-13 


76 


1911-12 


132 


Colorado: 
1914 15 




1913-14 


60 


1912-13 


43 


1911-12 


100 


Total a!)Ove: 
1914 15 




1913-14 


67.0 


1912-13 


47.7 


1911-12 


101.4 


1910-11.'. 


46.9 


1909-10 


47.3 







PALL SEEDINGS IN COTTON STATES. 

The amount of oats sown in the cotton States the past fall was 102 
per cent larger than the amount sown in the fall of 1913, according to 
esthnates of crop correspondents made withm the past month. The 
oats acreage in the cotton States in 1914 was estimated at 4,355,000 
acres, of which 43 per cent was planted in autumn and 57 per cent in 
spring. These figures would indicate that in the cotton States about 



FAEMEES' BULLETIN 651. 



1,900,000 acres more were sown to oats last fall than in the fall of 
1913. 

In December the Department of Agriculture estimated the acreage 
sown last fall to wheat in the cotton-growing States as 7,271,000 
acres, as com.pared with 5,459,000 the preceding year^ — an increase of 
33 per cent, or 1,812,000 acres. 

The estimated increases of fall seedings, by States, are shown in 
Table 4. 

Table 4. — Increased fall seedings in cotton States. 



State. 



Tall-sown %\"heat. 



Increase, 
per cent. 



Increase, 
acres. 



Fall-sown oats. 



Increase, 
per cent. 



Increase, 
acres. 



Cotton, 
acres, 1914, 
prelimi- 
nary. 



Per cent 
of fall- 
sown to 
cotton 
acreage. 



North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Tennessee 

Oklahoma 



75 
200 
118 



470,000 
164,000 
170, 000 



185 
125 



63,000 
1,000 



228, 000 

56, 000 

145,000 

515, 000 



56 
112 

96 

64 
116 
147 
189 

66 
211 
127 
133 



98, 000 
336, 000 
328,000 

20,000 
258,000 
1.56,000 

94,000 
291,000 
154,000 
124,000 

44,000 



1,600,000 
2,800,000 
5, 375, 000 

195, 000 
3,875,000 
3,120,000 
1,360,000 
11,930,000 
2,525,000 

890,000 
2,825,000 



Total above. 



33 



1,812,000 



1,903,000 



36,722,000 



The increase hi the acreage sown to fall wheat and oats in the 
cotton States appears to have been about 3,700,000 acres, or over 10 
per cent of the acreage planted to cotton last year. Reports received 
indicate an intention to increase considerably the acreage of spring 
planting of corn and spring-so\vn oats. 



CROP- VALUE COMPARISONS. 

The estimated total value of 13 crops — ^corn, wheat, oats, barley, 
rye, buckwheat, flaxseed, rice, potatoes, sweet potatoes, hay, tobacco, 
and lint cotton — ^iji the United States, by States, in order of their rank 
in 1914, is given in Table 5. Values used are farm values on Decem- 
ber 1 as estimated by the Department of Agriculture, except for cot- 
ton in the years 1909-1911 ; in those years values given by the Bureau 
of the Census for lint ginned from the respective crops of those years 
were used. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 

Table 5. — Estimated value in 1914 of 13 crops considered by the United States Deparfmcnl 
of Agriculture, with comparisons. 



Iowa 

Illinois 

Texas 

Kansas 

Nebraska . . 



Ohio 

Missouri 

Indiana 

Minnesota.... 
Pennsylvania 



New York... 

G eorj;ia 

Wisconsin... 
North Dakota 
Michigan.. 



Oklahoma 

N. Carolina. . 

Kentucky 

Alabama 

South Dakota 

Tonnossoe 

S. Carolina... 
Mississippi... 

California 

Arkansas 



Washington. 

Virginia 

Louisiana... 

Montana 

Colorado 



Oregon 

Maryland . . . 
West Virginia 

Idaho 

Maine 



New Jersey.. 29,441 
Vermont.."... 23,449 
M a s s a h u- 



Valuo of crops named in text 
(000 omitted). 



setts , 

Connecticut. 
Utah 



Florida . . . 
Wyoming 

N. Hampshire 
N. Mexico. 
Nevada . . . 



Delaware 

Arizona 

Rhode Island 



g;3r.i,45o 

319,656 
288, 335 
287, 662 
210, 099 

207, 337 
192, 9S1 
189, ,W3 
180, 432 
173, 967 

161,919 
1.5.1,167 
152,321 
144,293 
139, 899 

1.34,1.59 
124,918 
118,325 
114,255 
106, 488 

106, 456 

101,373 

93, 882 

91,261 

81,883 

75,653 
73, 995 
64, 767 
47, 893 
46,111 

44,418 
42, 893 
38, 937 
38,191 
34,039 



20,839 
20, 799 
19, 743 

19, 405 
16, .352 
12,920 
10,377 
9, ,832 

9,437 
6,894 
2,437 



.S327, 996 
295, 046 
400, 231 
124,136 
162,078 

212, 434 
174, .520 

18.5,917 
194,178 
168, 998 

148,767 
217,753 
155, 465 
105,356 
122,555 

111,532 
1.50, 203 
110,654 
156,175 
94, .397 

114,249 
139,076 
130, 622 
88,897 
103, 132 

73,246 
100,807 
73,335 
41,214 
43,149 

40,069 
35,089 
42, 213 
.3.5,294 
35,553 

30, .337 
24, 332 

18,432 
18,930 
17,698 

19,688 

12,851 

11,201 

9,017 

9,980 

7,810 
8,818 
2,451 



$287, 065 
342, 861 
244, 721 
189,091 
17.3,512 

197,288 
188, .524 
181,234 
168, 706 
130,010 

132, 620 
176,959 
121,048 
168,292 
114,808 

112,344 
102, 783 
114,202 
108, 095 
109, 353 

93,341 

109, 699 

107, a54 

71,994 

86,611 

64,340 
71,1.53 
47,577 
22, 394 

31,416 

33,140 
31,454 
27, 749 
28, 816 
27,830 

23,396 

18, .577 

14,916 
14,872 
13,682 

14,932 
7,. 508 
9,233 
5,. 591 
4, 082 

6,543 
3, 993 
2, 0.30 



U. S. - - 4, 9.36, 893 4, 905, 881 4, a57, 445 4, 633, 529 5, 4,S6, 615 






.?284,280 
307,593 
336, 725 
164,844 
1.53, 869 

202, 084 
188,689 
172,499 
174,074 
160, 346 

149,913 
188,709 
139,157 
123,448 
125,501 

117,618 
126, 456 
114,784 
132, 952 
91,894 

108, 188 
121,920 
117,385 
91,729 
96,881 

69, 465 
81,924 
60,247 
35,264 
37, 722 

39, 803 
34,520 
35,. 5.56 
34,513 
34, 834 

27, 813 
23, 197 

17,524 
18,837 
16,262 

17,384 
12, 899 
11,216 

8,282 
8,1,81 

7,649 
6,604 

2,295 



26 
S o 



fl-d „, 

! OJ Q 

i2§§ 



35 



> 



.?314,666; 
372, 270 
298,133 
214,860 
196, 126 

230, 338 
220, 664 
204,210 
193,451 
166, 740 

209, IBS 
226,59. 
148,359 
180,636 
162,005 

133,454 
142,890 
138, 973 
144,287 
125,507 

120,706 
. 141,983 
147,316 
153,111 
119,419 

78, 927 

100, 531 

77, .330 

29, 715 

50. 975 

49,041 
43, 920 
40, 375 
34,358 
39,318 

40, 341 

27, 447 

31, 948 

22, 488 
18, 48.5 

36,142 
10,023 

15. 976 
8, 922 
5,924 

9,122 
5,497 
3,937 



P.d. 

91 
92 

82 

88 
88 

86 
85 
89 

87 
78 

63 

78 
82 
93 
71 

84 
72 

82 

8' 



58 



Rank of StTte Value of crops named 
itanK 01 btate. ^^ ^^^^ ^g^^j__ 



Crops 
named 
in text. 



TTl CO 



P.Ct. 

+ 7.2 
+ 8.3 
- 2.8.0 
+ 131 



P.Ct 

+23.6 
+ 3.9 
-14.4 

+ 74.5 



+ 29.6 +36.5 



2.4 

10.6 

2.0 

7.1 

2, 



+ 8.8 

- 28 
-2.0 
+ 37.0 
+ 14.2 

+ 20.3 

- 16.8 
+ 6.9 

- 26.8 

+ 12.8 

-6.8 

- 27.1 

- 28.1 
+ 2.7 

- 20.6 

+ 3.3 

- 26.6 

- 11. 
+ 16.2 
+ 6.9 

+ 10.9 
+ 22.2 
-7.8 
+ 8.2 
4.3 

-3.0 
-3.6 

13.1 

9.9 

11.6 

- 1.4 
+ 27.2 
+ 15.3 
+ 15.1 

1.5 

+ 20.8 

- 21.8 
-0.6 



+ 2.6 
+ 2.3 
+ 9.9 
+ 3.7 
+ 8.5 

+ 8.0 
-17.8 
+ 9.5 
+16. 9 

+ 11.5 

+14.1 
-1.2 
+ 3.1 
-14.1 
+15.9 



c3'-< 



P.Ct. 

+ 22.4 
-6.8 

+ 17.8 

+ 52. 1 

+ 21.1 

+ .5.1 

+ 2.4 

+ 4.6 

+ 7.0 

+ 3.3.8 

+ 22.1 

- 12.3 
+ 25.8 

- 14.3 
+ 21.9 

+ 19.4 

+ 21.5 

+ 3.6 

+ 5.7 
-2.6 



- 1.6+ 14.1 

-16. 9 - 7. 

20. - 12. 3 

0. 5 + 26. 8 

-15.5- 5.5 



+ 8.9 
-9.7 

+ 7.5 
+35.8 
+22.2 

+11.6 
+24.3 
+ 9.5 
+ 10.7 
-2.3 

+ .5.9 
+ LI 



+ 17.6 
+ 4.0 
+ 36.1 
+ 113.9 
+ 46.8 

+ 34.0 
+ 36.4 
+ 40.3 
+ 32.5 
+ 22.3 

+ 25.8 
+ 26.2 



fl8.9+ 39.7 
+ 10.4 + 39.9 
+ 21.4+ 44.3 



+11.6 
+26.8 
+15.2 
+ 25.3 
+20.2 

+23.4 
+ 4.4 
+ 6.2 



+ 0. 6 + 6. 5 + 13. 3 



+ .30.0 
+ 117.8 
+ 39.9 
+ 85.6 
+ 140.9 

+ 44.2 
+ 72.7 
+ 20.0 



79334°— Bull. 651—15- 



10 FARMEKS' BULLETIN 651. 

TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops increased about 2.9 per cent during December; in 
the past six years the price level has increased during December 1.1 
per cent. 

On January 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 4.6 per 
cent lower than a year ago, 14 per cent higher than two years ago, 
and 1.4 per cent higher than the average of the past six years on 
January 1. 

Tlie level of prices paid to producers of the United States for 
meat animals decreased 2.7 per cent during the month from Novem- 
ber 15 to December 15. This compares with an average decline 
from November 15 to December 15 in the past four years of 1.8 
per cent. 

On December 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — 
hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $6.61 per 100 pounds, which 
compares with $6.85 a year ago, $6.42 two years ago, $5.37 three 
years ago, and $6.21 four years ago on December 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 13 to 21. 



APPLE COLD-STORAGE HOLDINGS AND THE MARKET. 

By Clarence \V. Moomaw, 
Specialist in Cooperative Organization, Office of Markets and Rural Organization. 

Although dealers generally report that the holiday demand for 
apples did not prove to be as expected, the result of investigations 
conducted by the OfRce of Markets would indicate that the move- 
ment of cold-storage apples during the month of December was 
satisfactory under the conditions. The following recapitulation may 
be of service to growers, dealers, and cold storages in arriving at 
helpful conclusions regarding the present and future of the season's 
cold-storage deal: 
Number of apple cold storages reporting for January 1, 1915 



306 

60 

75 

7, 093, 691 

3, 437, 621 

2, 792, 235 



Number reporting on October 15, 1914, but not reporting January 1, 1915 
Number reporting on December 1, 1914, but not reporting January 1, 1915 

Total capacity of firms reporting January 1, 1915 barrels. 

Holdings January 1, 1915 (2,517,912 barrels and 2,759,128 boxes). . .do. . . 
Holdings January 1, 1913 (1,839,057 barrels and 2,859,535 boxes), .do. . . 

Of the 306 firms reporting for January 1, 1915, only 231 reported 
December 1, 1914. The holdings of these 231 firms upon the two 
dates mentioned were as follows: 

December 1 (2,232,613 barrels and 2,306,236 boxes) ban-els.. 3,001,358 

January 1 (1,872,627 barrels and 2,208,175 boxes) do 2, 608, 685 

The total movement from these storages in December thus 
amounted to 392,673 barrels. If the average condition for 231 cold 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. H 

storages situated in. all parts of the country is a criterion, approxi- 
mately 13 per cent of the total cold-storage holduigs December 1 
were marketed prior to January 1. 

Analy;:ing the movement for barrels and boxes, it is noted that 
according to these reports the movement of barreled apples has been 
much greater than the movement of boxed apples. It is seen that 
during the month of December 359,986 barrels were marketed, 
whereas the movement of boxes amounted to only 98,061; or, in 
other words, approximately 16 per cent of barrels were moved as 
against 4.2 per cent of boxes. 

Remembering that cold-storage apples met with heavy competi- 
tion in the distribution of common-storage stock, it is apparent that 
the movement of barreled apples in December, as indicated by the 
above recapitidation, was hberal. Common-storage apples are 
chiefly marketed prior to January 1, and the entire common-storage 
holdings as a rule are out of the way by February 1. This does not 
mean that high prices can be expected, but rather that the fruit 
ought to move gradually to meet the heavy demand which has been 
created during the past few months as the result of bountiful supply 
and low prices. With common-storage apples out of the way, the 
demand for remaining cold-storage stock will increase proportionately. 

January trade in apples may not be typical of the winter-apple 
market, for the reason that immediately following the holidays 
dealers do not take on large supplies as a rule, because consumption 
is curtailed as the result of Christmas purchases. However, it is 
reasonable to expect that the reports for February 1 will show a 
movement relatively as liberal as the movement of December. 

The percentage' of movement in December for box apples was 
small, but it is to be remembered that large quantities of this pack 
are held in common storage in the box-apple producmg areas, and 
that box apples placed in cold storage under conditions existing this 
year were held largely for the later winter markets. The cold- 
storage holdings of apples are admittedly large, and a regular, vigor- 
ous movement throughout the remainder of the season may be nec- 
essary to prevent disaster in the spring. Growers and dealers are 
urged neither, to dump their holdings nor to stand for arbitrarily 
high prices. Panicky selling usually means grief, but all concerned 
should seek to move cold-storage apples gradually and with such 
rapidity as the market allows, so that the deal may be wound up in 
relatively good shape. 

Referring to the response of cold storages to the inquiries of the 
Office of Markets, it is gratifymg to note that 75 additional firms 
reported their holdings January 1. The capacity of storages report- 
ing December 1 was 5,465,310 barrels, whereas the capacity of those 
reportmg for Januai-y 1 was 7,093,691 barrels. It is hoped that other 



12 



FARMERS BULLETIN 651. 



cold storages which have not rephed to previous inquiries will 
realize the importance of these investigations to growers, dealers, and 
storages alike, and will cooperate with this office to the end that these 
reports may be of the utmost service. 



PRODUCTION OF UPLAND LONG-STAPLE COTTON, 1^3^ 

OVER. 



INCHES AND 



As a result of frequent requests for information regarding long- 
staple cotton, the Bureau of Crop Estimates has made an inquiry to 
determine what percentage of the total crop is long staple, where this 
staple is principally produced, and the usual yields and seMing prices 
compared with short-staple cotton. 

While the bureau's inquiry restricted the tenn "long staple" to lint 
l^Q inches or over in length, many correspondents reported under 
this head cotton of less length, but known locally as long staple. 
Wherever it was evident that this misunderstanding existed such 
reports have been disregarded, but it is probable that this oversight 
on the part of correspondents has resulted in showing the percentage 
raised of staple 1 -^g inches and over in length and its yield per acre as 
so.mewhat higher and the price received lower than the actual facts 
warrant. 

The reports received from the voluntary correspondents, supple- 
mented by the investigations of the field agents of the bureau, m the 
cotton States indicate the approximate percentages shown in Table 6 
of long staple (1^ inches and over), short staple (under 1^ inches), 
and sea island cotton produced in 1914, with the yields secured and 
the prices obtained for each: 



Table 6.- 



Uplcind long-staplr. short-staple, and sea- islaiid cotton: Relative production, 
yields per acre, and prices. 



State. 


Proportion of entire 
cotton crop. 


Yie 


Ids per acie. 


Prices. 


Long. 


Short. 


Sea 
island. 


Long. 


Short, ii. 


Long. 


Short. 


Sea 
island. 




Per 
cent. 
1.0 
1.4 
4.0 
2.5 
7.0 

. 5 

11.0 

2.0 

.3 

1.0 

6.0 

.5 

2.0 

25.0 


Per 
cent. 
99.0 
98.6 
95.4 
95.0 
38.0 

99.5 
89.0 
98.0 
99.7 
99.0 

94.0 
99.5 
98.0 
75.0 


' Per 
cent. 

'""o.'e' 

2.5 
.55.0 


Pounds. 

230 
250 
265 
210 
155 

255 
215 
150 
175 
185 

185 
ISO 
325 
500 


Pounds. 

255 
283 
256 
237 
220 

209 
194 
162 
183 
212 

198 
196 
295 
500 


Pounds. 

""UQ 
185 
165 


Cents. 

9.0 
10.0 
10.0 

9.5 
13.0 

10.0 
10.0 

9.5 
10.0 

7.0 

8.7 
9.3 
9.0 
10.2 


Cents. 

7.3 
6.9 
6.7 
6.6 
7.0 

6.7 
6.8 
6.9 
6.8 
6.5 

6.5 
6.4 
6.4 
6.0 


Cents. 








19.0 




15.8 


Florida 


fs.o 


Alabama 












Texas 




Oklahoma 




Arkansas 


" 


Temiessee 




MissoUi"! 




California 









THE AGEICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 13 

The maximum production of long staple in the rich delta lands of 
the lower Mississippi Valley, to which this type was, until recent 
years, largely confined, was between 300,000 and 400,000 bales. 
Since the coming of the boll weevil, to which the older varieties of 
long staple appear to have been particularly susceptible, the pro- 
duction there seems to have diminished to about half the former 
maximum production and in some counties to have almost entii-ely 
ceased. The entire production of the United States, as indicated 
by these reports, is slightly over 400,000 bales, but, as before explained, 
these figures probably include some of the longer varieties under 1^^ 
inches in length. 

vSome light on the production of l|-inch Imt, considered as long- 
staple upland in many classifications, may be gained from the state- 
ment in Department Bulletin 121, showing the annual consumption 
by the United States and Canadian mills to be about 850,000 bales 
of this length compared with 280,000 bales of the length of 1^^ inches 
and over. Assuming the same proportions, this would indicate a 
total production of considerably over 1,000,000 bales of cotton 1| 
inches and over in length in 1914, 

The princix^al areas of present production, additional to the delta 
lands extending through western and northwestern Mississix^pi, east- 
ern and southeastern Arkansas, northeastern Louisiana, and into 
Tennessee, already mentioned, appear to be the counties on the Red 
River or its tributaries in southwestern Arkansas and northeastern 
Texas; the counties of Darlington, Chesterfield, and Marlboro in 
northern South Carolina, with some extension into the counties across 
the line in North Carolina; a group of counties along the Savannah 
River in Georgia and South Carolina; and small groups or isolated 
counties in other States. 

While the yields shown ia the table mdicate that long staple is only 
slightly less productive than short staple, and in several States even 
larger yields are shown, a study of the individual reports indicate that 
the yields per acre of long-staple varieties at present generally grown 
are less than those of short staple, as a rule. While certain improved 
varieties of long staple may give a yield of lint equal to that of short 
varieties, the favorable showing in the table for average yields of 
long staple in comparison with short is partly due to the fact that the 
long staple is grown by the more progressive farmers on better land 
and with better cultivation, while the short staple is the average for 
all farmers. 

The improved varieties of long-staple upland cotton developed in 
recent years by the specialists in the Bureau of Plant Industry of this 
department are fully equal in yield of lint to the average short-staple 
varieties. 



14 



FABMEKS' BULLETIN 651. 



ESTIMATED NUMBER ON FARMS AND VALUE OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 

Table 7. — Horses: Estimated number on farms, arid value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- 
parisons. 





Number (000 omitted). 


Value per head, 


Jan. 1. 


Total value Jan. 1 (000 
omitted). 


State. 


Jan. 


1, 1915. 


Jan. 1, 
1914. 


Apr. 15, 

1910 
(census). 


1915 


1914 


1910 


1915 


1914 






Per 

cent.' 


Total. 


1910 2 




102 
100 
100 
99 
100 

100 
100 
101 
102 
102 

101 
101 
101 
101 

98 

98 
103 
101 
100 

98 

103 
104 
103 
101 
100 

105 
104 
99 
102 
100 

102 
100 
100 
100 

98 

99 
101 
105 
103 
102 

110 
105 
104 
102 
104 

102 
101 
101 


113 

47 
88 
64 
10 

47 
615 

92 
596 

36 

167 
354 

192 
182 
83 

125 

57 

910 

854 

1,467 

673 

705 

872 

1,600 

1,095 

785 

759 

1,038 

1,132 

443 

353 
149 
241 
191 
1,192 

758 
276 
391 
176 
347 

217 

118 

146 

78 

243 

311 
304 
503 


Ill 

47 
88 
65 
10 

47 
615 
91 

584 
35 

165 
350 
190 
180 
85 

128 

65 

901 

854 

1,497 

6.53 

678 

847 

1,584 

1,095 

748 

730 

1,048 

1,110 

443 

346 
149 
241 
191 
1,216 

766 
273 
372 
171 
340 

197 
112 
140 
76 
234 

305 
301 

498 


108 

46 

81 

64 

9 

46 
591 

89 
550 

33 

156 
330 
180 
166 
80 

120 
46 
910 
814 
1,453 

610 

615 

753 

1,492 

1,073 

051 

669 

1,008 

1,147 

443 

350 
136 
216 
181 
1,170 

743 
255 
316 
156 
294 

179 
100 
116 
68 
198 

281 
272 
469 


$146.00 
127. 00 
131. 00 
1.55. 00 
146.00 

148. 00 
142. 00 
146. 00 
134. 00 
100.00 

113. 00 
109. 00 
114. 00 
130. 00 
131. 00 

119.00 
121. 00 
128. 00 
114.00 
105. 00 

132. 00 
131. 00 
116.00 
10.5. 00 
88.00 

110.00 
89. 00 
92. 00 
93.00 
95.00 

100.00 
96.00 
86.00 
83.00 
78.00 

81.00 
76.00 
86.00 
79.00 
85.00 

55. 00 
70.00 
86.00 
69.00 
92.00 

96.00 
90.00 
100. 00 


$150.00 
137. 00 
129. 00 
161.00 
156.00 

153. 00 
145.00 
157. 00 
139.00 
106.00 

119.00 
114. 00 
122. 00 
139. 00 
144. 00 

131. 00 
122.00 
132. 00 
116.00 
113.00 

139.00 
136. 00 
125. 00 
118.00 
98.00 

112. 00 
96.00 
94. 00 
93.00 

103.00 

116. 00 
113.00 
95.00 
85.00 
80.00 

85.00 
93.00 
102. 00 
79. 00 
83.00 

55.00 
73.00 
91.00 
78.00 
96.00 

106. 00 
96.00 
100. 00 


$125. 00 
106. 00 
106. 00 
128. 00 
129. 00 

126. 00 
125. 00 
134. 00 
132. 00 
106. 00 

108. 00 
107. 00 
112. 00 
121. 00 
127.00 

125. 00 
109. 00 
129.00 
122. 00 
124.00 

126. 00 
121.00 
111.00 
120.00 
103. 00 

114.00 
10.5. 00 
108. 00 
107.00 
105.00 

112.00 
9.5.00 
85.00 
79.00 
73.00 

81. 00 
82.00 
80.00 
83. 00 
85. 00 

47.00 
62.00 
85.00 
78.00 
102. 00 

108.00 
103. 00 
105.00 


$16, 498 

5,969 

11,528 

9,920 

1,480 

6,956 
87,330 
13, 432 
79,864 

3,600 

18,871 
38,586 
21,888 
23,660 
10, 873 

14, 875 

6,897 

116,480 

97,356 
154,035 

8S, 836 

92. 355 
101, 152 
168,000 

96, 360 

86,350 
67,5.51 
95, 496 
105, 276 
42,085 

35,300 
14, 304 
20, 726 
15,8.53 
92, 976 

61, 398 
20, 976 
33, 626 
13,904 
29,495 

11,935 
8,260 

12,556 
5,382 

22. 356 

29, 856 
27, 360 
50,300 


S16, 650 

6,439 

11,352 

10,465 

1,560 

7,191 

89, 175 
14,287 
81,176 
3, 710 

19,635 
39, 900 
23,180 
25,020 
12,240 

16, 768 

6,710 

118,932 

99,064 
169, 161 

90,767 
92, 208 
105, 875 
186,912 
107,310 

83,776 
70,080 
98,512 
103,230 
45,629 

40, 136 
16, 837 
22,895 
16,235 
97,280 

65,110 
25,389 
37, 944 
13,509 
28, 220 

10,835 
8,176 

12,740 
5,928 

22, 464 

32,330 

28,896 
49,800 


$13, 500 


New Hampshli-e . 


4,876 
8 586 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Is land 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

D elaware 


8,192 
1,161 

5,796 
73,875 
11,926 
72,600 

3,498 


Maryland 


16,848 
35,310 


West Virginia 

North Carolina... 
South Carolina... 

Georgia 


20, 160 
20,086 
10, 160 

15, 000 


Florida 


5,014 


Ohio 


117,390 


Indiana 


99, 308 


Illinois 


180, 172 


Michigan 


76, 860 


Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 


74,415 

83,583 
179, 040 


Missouri 


110, 519 


North Dakota.... 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


74,214 
70, 245 
108, 864 
122, 729 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 


46,515 

39,200 
12, 920 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 


18,360 
14, 299 
85,410 


Oklahoma. 


60, 183 
20,910 


Montana 


25, 280 


Wyoming 

Colorado 


12, 948 

24, 990 


New Mexico..... 
Arizona 


8,413 
6,200 


Utah 


9,860 


Nevada 


5,304 


Idaho 


20,196 


Washington 


30,348 
28,016 


California 


49,245 


United States... 


101.1 


21, 195 


20,962 


19,833 


103. 33 


109. 32 


108. 03 


2,190,102 


2,291,638 


2, 142, 524 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 

2 Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



Table 8. — Mules: Estimated number on farms, and value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- 
parisons. 



state. 



New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas... 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States. 



Number (000 omitted). 



Jan. 1, 1915. 



Per 
cent. I 



101 
103 
102 
104 
104 

101 
100 
101 

97 
97 

103 
100 
100 
98 
102 

101 
102 
101 
101 
105 

10,3 
101 
105 
101 
102 

101 
102 
100 
100 
100 

102 
102 
103 
103 
104 

no 

100 
98 
103 

104 
100 
101 



Total. 



4 
4 

46 
6 

25 

62 
12 
194 
166 
309 



145 
4 

3 

6 

58 

329 



14 

85 

233 

231 

275 

281 
292 
132 
753 
269 

240 

4 

2 

18 

16 



4,479 



Jan. 1, 
1914. 



4 

4 
45 

6 
24 

61 
12 
192 
171 
319 

27 
24 
86 
148 
4 

3 

6 

57 

326 

8 

14 

84 

222 

229 

270 

278 
286 
132 
753 
269 

235 

4 
2 
17 
15 



4,449 



Apr. 15, 
1910 
(cen- 
sus). 



60 
12 
175 
156 
295 

23 
23 

82 

148 

4 

3 

6 

56 

343 



12 

83 
208 
225 
276 

247 
256 
132 
676 
257 

222 

4 

2 

15 

15 

4 
2 
3 
4 

12 
10 
70 



4,210 



Value per head Jan. 1. 



S152.00 
169.00 
142.00 
121. 00 
138.00 

128.00 
119.00 
161. 00 
149. 00 
140. 00 

163.00 
127. 00 
117.00 
110.00 
131.00 

127.00 

124. 00 
111.00 

98.00 
122.00 

106.00 
105.00 
102.00 
106.00 
110.00 

114.00 
108.00 

125. 00 
100.00 

96.00 

96.00 
98.00 
101.00 
100.00 
81.00 

104.00 
79.00 
79.00 
85.00 

104. 00 
96.00 
120.00 



$154.00 
177. 00 
148.00 
126.00 
143. 00 

136. 00 
131.00 
160.00 
167. 00 
161. 00 

168.00 
132.00 
121. 00 
121.00 
133.00 

135.00 

134. 00 
123. 00 
112.00 
130.00 

110.00 
105.00 
105.00 
118.00 
127.00 

135. (X) 
115. (X) 
128. 00 
109.00 
104.00 

114. 00 
106.00 
113.00 
101. 00 
92.00 

144. 00 
82.00 
79.00 

103.00 

116.00 
107.00 
120. 00 



112. 36 



123.85 



$132. 00 
155.00 
145.00 
125.00 
130.00 

130.00 
120. 00 
137. 00 
158.00 
157.00 

155.00 
125. 00 
126.00 
131.00 
122.00 

115.00 
114. (K) 
123.00 
119.00 
130.00 

121. 00 
119.00 
116.00 
118.00 
123.00 

122. 00 
113.00 
116.00 
99. 00 
105. 00 

109.00 
102.00 
106.00 
105.00 
79.00 

108.00 
80.00 
79.00 

116.00 

121.00 
108. 00 
122.00 



120.20 



Total value Jan. 1 
(000 omitted). 



1915 



676 
6, 532 

726 
3,450 

7,9.36 
1,428 
29, 294 
24,734 
43,260 

4,564 
3. 048 
10,062 
15,950 
524 

381 

744 

6,438 

32, 242 

976 

1,484 

8,925 

23,766 

24,486 

30,250 

32,034 
31,536 
16,500 
75,300 
25,824 

23,040 

392 

202 

1,8(X) 

1,296 

728 
158 
237 

340 

1,560 
960 



503,271 



1914 



$616 
708 

6,660 
756 

3,432 

8,296 

1,572 

30,720 

28,5.57 

51,359 

4,5.36 
3.168 
10,406 
17,908 
532 

405 
804 

7,011 
36,512 

1,040 

1,540 

8,820 

23,310 

27, 022 

34,290 

37, 530 
32, 890 
16,896 
82,077 
27,976 

26,790 

424 

226 

1,717 

1,380 

864 
164 
237 
412 

1,624 
1,070 
8,760 



551,017 



$528 
620 

6,380 
750 

2,990 

7,800 

1,440 

23,975 

24,648 

46,315 

3,565 

2,875 

10,332 

19,388 

488 

345 
684 

6,888 
40,817 

1,040 

1,452 

9,877 

24,128 

20,550 

33,948 

30, 134 
28,928 
15,312 
66,924 
26,985 

24, 198 

408 

212 

1,575 

1,185 

432 
160 
237 
464 

1,452 
1,080 
8,540 



506,049 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 

2 Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



16 



farmers' bulletin 651. 



Tablk 9. — Milch cows: Estimated manbcr on farms, and value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- 
parisons. 





Nu 


mber (OLH) omitted). 


Value per head. 


Jan. 1. 


Total value Jan. 1 (000 
omitted). 


State. 


Jan. 1 


1915. 


Jan. 1, 
1914. 


Apr. 
15, 1910 
(cen- 
sus). 


1915 


1914 


1910 


1915 


1914 






Per 
cent.i 


Total. 


19102 




99 
99 
101 
97 
98 

98 
103 
100 
100 
104 

104 
102 
101 
102 
100 

101 
104 
101 
101 
99 

102 
105 
102 
102 
101 

111 

108 
102 
104 
102 

102 
99 
103 
102 
102 

102 
103 
110 
112 
110 

110 
120 
104 
107 
107 

108 
107 
105 


157 

95 

268 

157 

23 

118 

1,509 

146 

943 

41 

177 
349 
234 
315 
185 

400 
133 
895 
646 
1,007 

814 
1,626 
1,186 
1,377 

797 

339 
453 

625 
726 
390 

355 
384 
434 
268 
1,086 

494 
387 
114 
40 
205 

68 
44 
92 
24 
120 

253 
210 
541 


1.59 
96 
265 
162 
23 

120 

1,465 

146 

943 

39 

170 
342 
232 
309 
185 

402 
128 
886 
640 
1,017 

798 
1,549 
1,163 
1,350 

789 

305 
419 
613 

698 
382 

348 
.388 
421 
263 
1,065 

484 

376 

104 

41 

186 

62 
37 
88 
22 
112 

234 
196 
515 


157 
101 
265 
172 
23 

123 
1,510 
1.54 
934 
30 

167 
356 
240 
309 
181 

400 
116 
905 
634 
1,050 

767 
1,473 
1.085 
1,407 

856 

2.59 
370 
614 
736 
410 

397 
392 
430 
279 
1,014 

.531 
426 

77 
33 
145 

51 
29 
76 
17 
86 

186 
173 

467 


.f54.00 
60. 00 
52.00 
66.00 
71.00 

66. 70 
61.00 
68. 00 
59.50 
56.50 

54.00 
43. .50 
51. 00 
36.50 
33.00 

32.00 
42.50 
60. 00 
55.00 
59.50 

60. .50 
59.50 
53.50 
.57.00 
54.50 

61.50 
59.50 
62.50 
63.50 
45.50 

41.00 
31.50 
35.00 
36.00 
47.50 

52.00 
37.00 
7.5. 00 

78. 00 
68. 00 

01.50 
74.00 
62.00 
77.50 
72.00 

74.00 
63.50 
72.00 


.147. 50 
53.50 
47.50 
59.00 
70.00 

58.00 
57. 00 
67. 00 
58.40 
52.00 

53.80 
42.00 
50. 00 
35. 10 
34.20 

31.30 
38.00 
60.00 
53.90 
58.20 

59.70 
59. 90 
55.00 
60. 50 
54.00 

.59. 00 
(il. 00 
60. 70 
57.50 
44.50 

41.40 
32. 40 
34.00 
34.00 
45.60 

50.30 
37. .50 
70.50 
74.50 
(i3. 00 

55.00 
64.00 
.59.00 
65.10 
69. 80 

74.00 
65.00 
62.00 


S33. 00 
36.20 
34.20 
42.00 
43.80 

41.00 
39.50 
47. .50 
39.00 
38.00 

37.30 
29.70 
35. 00 
25.50 
28.90 

25.00 
32.50 
42. 80 
41.00 
42.80 

39.50 
36. 60 
33.00 
36. 00 
34.80 

33.90 
33.00 
35.00 
36.90 
32.70 

27.50 
23. 00 
23.50 
24.30 
29.50 

31. .50 
22.00 
46. 50 
43.70 
41.00 

38. 80 
43.00 
34.00 
44.00 
41.40 

41.80 
39. 60 
38.40 


!|8,4?8 
5,700 
13,936 
10, 362 
1,633 

7,871 
92,049 

9,928 
56, 108 

2,316 

9, .558 
15. 182 
11,934 
11,498 

6. 105 

12,992 
5,652 
53, 700 
35,530 
59,916 

49,247 
96,747 
03, 451 
78.489 
43,436 

20, 848 
26, 954 
39, 062 
46,101 
17,745 

14,. 5.55 
12,096 
15, 190 
9,648 
51,585 

25, 688 
14,319 
8,550 
3,588 
13,940 

4,182 
3,256 
5. 704 
1,860 
8,640 

18, 722 
13,335 
38, £52 


$7,552 
5,136 

12,588 
9,55< 
1,610 

6,960 
83,505 

9,782 
55, 071 

2,028 

9,146 
14, 364 
11,600 
10,846 

6,327 

12,583 
4,864 
53,160 
34,496 
59, 189 

47.641 
92, 785 
63,965 
81,675 
42,606 

17,995 
25, 559 
37,209 
40,135 
10,999 

14,407 
12, 571 
14,314 
8,942 
48,564 

24,345 
14,100 
7,332 
3,054 
11,718 

3,410 
2,368 
5,192 
1,432 
7,818 

17,316 
12,740 
31,930 


S5, 181 


New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 
Rhode Island... 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania... 
Delaware 

Maryland 


3,656 
9,003 
7,224 
1,007 

5,043 
59,645 

7,315 
36,426 

1,368 

6,229 
10,573 


West Virgmia. . - 
North Carolina.. 
South Carolina.. 


8,400 
7,880 
5,231 

10,150 


Florida 


3,770 


Ohio 


38, 734 




25,994 




44,940 


Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 


30,296 
53,912 
35,805 
50,652 


Missouri 

North Dakota. . . 
South Dakota. . . 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 


29,789 

8,780 
12,210 
21,490 
27,158 
13,407 

10,918 
9,016 

10, 105 
6,780 

29,913 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 


16,726 
9,372 
3, 580 
1,442 
5,945 

1,979 
1,247 


Utah 


2,584 




748 




3,560 


Washington 

Oregon 

California 


7,775 
6,851 
17,933 


United States. 


102.5 

1 


21,262 


20,737 


20,625 


55.33 


53.94 


35.29 


1,176,338 


1,118,487 

i 


727,802 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 

2 Based on census numbers on -\pr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimaled farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



17 



Table 10. — -Cattle other than milch cows: Estimated number on farms and value, Jan. 1, 

1915, ivith comparisons. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampsliire 
Vermont 

Massachusetts... 
Khode Island... 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

I'ennsylvania . . . 
Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

\Ve3t Virginia... 
North Carolina.. 
South Carolina.. 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Daliota. . . 
Souih Dakota.. . 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

-Mabama 

MissLssip])i 

Louisiana 

Te.\as 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Me.xico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idalio 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United StulCo 



Number fOOO omitted). 



Jnn. 1, 191.5. 



Per 
cent.i 



101 
99 
101 
101 

98 



102 
103 
101 
104 

102 
100 
102 
101 
100 

100 
100 
100 
98 
97 

101 
105 
103 
105 
102 

110 
lOii 
108 
113 
103 

101 
98 
105 
100 
99 

102 
102 
105 
115 

105 

108 
107 
107 
103 
107 

108 
107 
105 



Total. 



101 
64 

167 
83 
11 

71 

S94 
70 

f,38 
20 

121 
450 
338 
369 
211 

660 
735 
838 
603 
1,180 

707 
1,216 
1, 208 
2,683 
1,414 

515 

967 

2,0.;4 

1,768 

543 

503 
504 
514 
448 
5,121 

1,119 

484 
791 
628 
996 

991 
791 
381 
450 
379' 

215 

503 

1,480 



Jan. 1, 
1914 



100 
65 

165 
82 
11 



876 
68 

632 
19 

119 
450 
331 
365 
211 

660 
735 
838 
707 
1,216 

680 
1,158 
1,173 
2,555 
1, 3S6 

468 

912 

1,883 

1,565 



498 
514 
490 
448 
5,173 

1,097 
475 
753 
546 
949 

918 
739 
356 
437 
354 

199 

470 

1,410 



35,855 



Apr, 15 
1910 
(cen- 
sus). 



165 
80 
11 

72 
913 

69 
653 

19 

121 
503 
380 
392 
209 

674 
729 
933 
729 
1,391 

731 
1,207 
1,262 
3,041 
1,705 

485 
1,165 
2,318 
2,343 

591 

600 
540 
583 
526 
5,921 

1,423 
602 
866 
734 
983 

1,031 
796 
336 
433 
368 

216 

552 

1,610 



Value per head Jan. 1. 



.S26. 10 
2S.O0 
23.10 
25. 10 
26.80 

29.80 
28.20 
31.50 
29.30 
31.20 

29.50 
28. 60 
36. .'JO 
17.00 
14.60 

12.80 
14.50 
34.60 
35.20 
37.80 

29.80 
27.70 
24. 70 
37.50 
37.90 

36.00 
39. 50 
40. 80 
42.50 
30.40 

22.40 
12. CO 
14.30 
16.40 
31.70 

35.40 
17. 20 
49.00 
53.30 
43.70 

35.50 
.34.50 
35.80 
40. 70 
41.80 

34.90 
30. 30 
39.30 



S523. 40 
26.80 
21.10 
23. 10 
28.10 

27.90 
27.20 
30.50 
28. 30 
29.20 

29.40 

27. eo 

35.90 
17. .?0 
14.90 

12.70 
13.70 
35.40 
33.90 
35.90 

28.10 
27.10 
24.30 
39.20 
36.10 

34.60 
39.50 
38.10 
36. f.O 
28.80 

21.40 
12.00 
13.50 
15.30 
23.50 

33.40 
15.80 
46.40 
49.40 
40.00 

32.70 
32.50 
35.50 

38.90 
41.20 

35.70 
38. 00 
33.00 



$16. 90 
20.30 
14.40 
16.70 
17.50 

19.10 
18.20 
21.40 
19.20 
21.00 

21.10 
19.40 
22.50 
12. .50 
12.00 

10.30 
10.30 
24.10 
24.50 
26.40 

18.50 
16.40 
14.30 
22.20 
22.60 

20.50 
21.50 
21.90 
23.70 
19. 90 

13.80 
9. CO 
8.40 
10.30 
15.. 30 

19.20 
9.00 
27.40 
26.40 
23.00 

17.40 
19.30 
18.30 
20.70 
21.40 

19.90 
18.50 
20.10 



Total value Jan. 1 (000 
omitted). 



.«2, 636 

1.792 

3^858 

2; 083 

295 

2,116 
25,211 

2, 205 

18,693 

624 

3, .570 
12, 870 
12, 269 
6, 273 
3,081 

8,448 
10,658 
28,995 
24,394 
44,604 

21,069 
33, 683 
29, 838 
100,612 
53,591 

18,540 
38, 196 
82,987 
75, 140 
16,507 

11,267 
6,350 
7,350 
7,347 
162, 336 

39,613 
8,325 
38, 759 
33, 472 
43,525 

35, 180 
27, 290 
13, 640 
18,315 
15,842 

7,504 
18,259 
58, 164 



1,237,376 



•52,340 


$1, 


1,742 


1, 


3, 482 


2, 


1,894 


1, 


309 




2,009 


1, 


23,827 


16, 


2,074 


1, 


17,886 


12, 


555 




3,499 


2, 


12,420 


9, 


11,883 


8, 


6,314 


4, 


3, 144 


2, 


8,382 


6, 


10,070 


7 


29,665 


22, 


23,967 


17, 


4.3,654 


36, 


19, 108 


13, 


31,382 


19, 


28, .501 


18, 


100, 150 


67, 


50,035 


38, 


16, 193 


9, 


36,024 


25, 


71,742 


50, 


57,748 


55, 


15, 178 


11, 


10,657 


^, 


6, 168 


4, 


6,615 


4, 


6,854 


5, 


137,084 


90, 


36,640 


27, 


7, 505 


3; 


34,939 


23, 


26,972 


19, 


37, 960 


22, 


30,019 


17, 


24,018 


15, 


12,608 


6, 


16, 999 


H, 


14,585 


7, 


7,104 


4, 


17, 860 


10, 


46,530 


32, 



1,116,333 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 

2 Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



18 



farmers' bulletin 651, 



Table 11. — Sheep: Estimated number on farms, and value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- 

parisons. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Vii'ginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Cai'olina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico , 

Arizona , 

Utah , 

Nevada , 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon , 

California , 

United States , 



Number (000 omitted). 



Value per head, Jan. 1. 



Per 
cent.' 



97 
100 

99 
100 

100 

9S 
101 
lUO 

97 

98 
101 
ItK) 
90 
95 



99 
100 
95 

90 
lo;i 
100 
100 

97 

98 
96 
103 
100 
103 

101 
105 
102 
99 
105 

110 
110 
105 
101 
102 

108 
96 



100.5 



Total. 



165 
38 

105 
30 



19 
849 

31 
831 



223 
720 
796 
177 
32 

163 

119 

3.263 

1,114 

935 

2,033 

781 

564 

1,249 

1,490 

250 
636 
374 
316 
1,229 

674 
119 
208 
180 
2,114 

76 

130 

4,379 

4,427 

1,751 

3.340 
1,761 
2,068 
1,5.32 
3,041 

546 
2,663 
2,500 



49,956 



Jan 1, 
1914. 



177 
39 

111 
31 

7 

20 
875 

31 
839 

8 

223 
735 
788 
177 
33 

166 

118 

3,263 

1,238 

984 

2,118 

789 

570 

1,249 

1,568 

278 
617 
374 
316 
1,267 

688 
124 
202 
180 
2,052 



124 
4,293 
4,472 
1,668 

3,030 
1,601 
1,970 
1,517 
2,981 

506 
2,670 
2,551 



49, 719 



Apr.15,1 

1910 I 1915 
(census) 



206 
44 

119 
33 

7 

22 
930 
31 

883 



237 
805 
910 
214 

38 

188 

114 

3,909 

1,337 

1,060 

2,306 

930 

638 

1,146 

1,811 

293 
611 
294 
272 
1,363 

795 
143 
195 
178 



62 

144 

5,381 

5,397 

1,426 

3,347 
1,227 
1,827 
1,155 
3,011 

476 
2,699 
2,417 



52,448 



$4. .50 
4.90 
5.10 
5. CO 
5.20 

5.70 
5.80 
6.00 
5.30 
5.30 

5.20 
4.50 
4.50 
3.30 
2.60 

2.30 
2.20 
4.70 
5.40 
5.40 

5.00 
5.00 
4.60 
5.60 
5.00 

4.50 
4.50 
4.80 
4. SO 
4.20 

3.70 
2.30 
2.20 
2.20 
3.20 

4.20 
2.60 
4.40 
4.70 
4.40 

3.50 
4.00 
4.50 
4.90 
4.70 

4.80 
4.50 
4.50 



4.50 



S4.30 
4.40 
4.80 
5.30 
5.40 

5.40 
5.40 
5.60 
4.90 
5.10 

5.00 
4.50 
4.30 
3.20 
2.60 

2.10 

i.eo 

4.30 
4.90 
5.00 

4.60 
4.70 
4.40 
5.30 
4.20 

4.20 
4.00 
4.50 
4.50 
4.20 

3.40 
2.40 
2.30 
2.20 
2.90 

4.00 
2.60 
3.70 
4.10 
3.70 

3.00 
3.60 
3.90 
4.50 
4.20 

4.40 
3.90 
3.80 



4.04 



Total value Jan. 1 
(000 omitted). 



$3.70 
3.70 
4.00 
4.20 
4.20 

4.70 
5.00 
5.20 
4.80 
4.00 

4.70 
3.90 
4.30 
2.60 
2.40 

2.20 
2.00 
4.80 
5.20 
5.30 

4.70 
4.50 
4.00 
5.30 
4.40 

4.00 
4.00 
4.40 
4.70 
4.00 

3.40 
2.00 
1.90 
1.90 
2.90 

3.30 
2.30 
4.20 
4.40 
3.80 

2.90 
3.70 
4.10 
3.70 
4.70 

3.90 
3.70 
3.30 



$742 
UG 
536 
168 
36 

108 
4,924 

130 

4,404 

42 

1,160 

3, 240 

3, .582 

584 

83 

375 

262 

15,336 

6,016 

5,049 

10, 165 
3,905 
2,534 
6,904 
7,450 

1, 125 

2,862 
1, 795 
1,548 
5,162 

2,494 
274 
458 
396 

6, 765 

319 

338 

19, 268 

20, 807 

7,704 

11, 690 
7, 044 
9,306 
7,507 

14, 293 

2,621 
11,534 
11,250 



224,687 



$761 
172 
533 
164 
38 

108 
4,725 

174 
4,111 



$762 
163 
476 
139 
29 

103 
4,G50 

161 
4, 2.38 



41 


37 


1,115 


1,114 


3,308 


3,140 


3,388 


3,913 


506 


556 


86 


91 


349 


414 


224 


228 


14,031 


18,763 


6,0C6 


6,952 


4,920 


5,618 


9,743 


10,838 


3, 708 


4,185 


2,503 


2,552 


6,620 


6,074 


6,586 


7,968 


1,168 


1,172 


2, 408 


2,444 


1,683 


1,294 


1,422 


1,278 


5,321 


5,452 


2,339 


2,703 


298 


236 


465 


370 


396 


338 


5,951 


5,246 


300 


205 


322 


331 


15,884 


22,600 


18,335 


23,747 


6, 172 


5,419 


9,108 


9,706 


5,764 


4,540 


7,683 


7,491 


6,826 


4,274 


12, 520 


14,152 


2,226 


1.856 


10, 413 


9,986 


9,694 


7.976 


200,803 


216, 030 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 

2 Baaed on census numbeis on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agriculture's estimated fai'm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



19. 



Table 12. — Swine: Estimated number on fm^ms, and value, Jan. 1, 1915, with com- 
parisons. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermout 

Massachusetts.. . 
Khode Island . . . 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania... 
Delaware 

Mari^land 

Virginia 

West Virginia... 
North Cai'olina.. 
South Carolina. . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota... 
South Dakota... 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States. 



Number (000 omitted). 



Jan. 1, 1915. 



Per 

cent.' 



98 
101 
102 
102 
104 

101 
102 
102 
105 
103 

105 
110 
102 
112 
105 

105 
105 
105 
105 
100 

lOS 
110 
120 
125 
100 

150 
115 
118 
113 
105 

108 
105 
105 
101 
110 

105 
105 
150 
125 
125 

130 
130 
115 
110 
130 

115 
120 
110 



109.6 



Total. 



los 

108 
15 

58 

70S 

101 

1,186 

60 

349 
950 
374 
1,525 
819 

2,042 
949 
3,640 
4, 1G7 
4,358 

1,392 
2,255 
1,716 
8,720 
4,250 

042 
1,195 
3, 809 
2, 050 
1,582 

1,501 
1,559 
1,540 
1,412 
2,880 

1,420 
1,573 

276 
64 

2.56 

73 
31 
98 
36 
328 

327 
300 

877 



64,618 



Jan. 1, 
1914. 



97 
51 
106 
106 
14 

57 

7.53 

158 

1,130 

58 

332 
8(59 
367 
1,362 
780 

1,945 
904 
3,467 
3,909 
4,358 

1,313 
2,050 
1,430 
6, 976 
4,250 

428 
1,039 
3,228 
2,350 
1,507 

1,390 
1,485 
1,407 
1,398 
2,618 

1,352 
1,498 

184 
51 

205 

56 
24 
85 
33 
252 

284 
300 
797 



58,933 



Apr. 15, 
1910 
(cen- 
sus). 



87 
45 
95 
103 
14 

52 
606 
147 
978 

49 

302 

798 

328 

1,228 

665 

1,784 
810 
3,106 
3,614 
4,686 

1,246 
1,809 
1,520 

7, 540 
4,438 

332 
1,010 
3,430 
3,000 
1,492 

1,388 
1,207 
1,292 
1,328 
2,330 

1,839 

1,519 

99 

34 

179 

46 
17 
64 
23 
178 

206 
218 
767 



58, 186 



Value per head .Jan. 1. 



$15. 70 
14. 00 
13.00 
15.50 
13.50 

15.50 
14.30 
14.00 
13. 50 
10.20 

9.70 
7.90 
9.60 
8.20 
8.60 

8.00 
6.00 
11.20 
10.30 
10.30 

10.90 
12.00 
12. 50 
11.00 
8.10 

11.80 
11.00 
10.90 
10.10 
7.20 

7.80 
7.80 
7.20 
7.70 
9.00 

8.20 
6.50 
10.80 
11. 40. 
10.50 

9.80 
12.00 
10.20 
11.60 
10.00 

11.10 
9.50 
10.50 



9.87 



S15. 80 
14. SO 
14.10 
14.50 
15.20 

16.30 
14.50 
13.60 
13.80 
10.30 

10.50 
8.30 

10.10 
9.00 
9.10 

8.20 
6.00 
11.30 
10.30 
10.80 

12.30 
13.00 
14.00 
12.60 

8.50 

13.20 
11.30 
11.80 
10.00 
7.70 

8.50 
8.50 
8.10 
8.00 
8.60 

8.40 
7.40 
11.90 
12.40 
10.50 

10.10 
9.60 
10.90 
12.60 
10.70 

12.70 
11.00 
10. 50 



10.40 



$11.50 
11.50 
10.00 
11.50 
12.50 

12.50 
11.50 
12.00 
9.50 
8.70 



6.50 
7.70 
7.20 
7.20 

7.00 
4.80 
10.70 
10.00 
10. 90 

10.50 
11.80 
11.50 
11.30 
7.90 

11.00 
11.10 
11.00 
10.00 
6.80 

6.50 
6.00 
5.50 
5.50 
6.60 

7.70 
4.80 
10.10 
8.50 
9.50 

8.50 
9.50 
9.00 
9.00 
8.70 

9.40 
8.20 
8.20 



Total value Jan. 1 
{(m omitted). 



$1,492 

728 

1,404 

1,674 

202 



10,982 

2, 254 

16,011 

612 

3,385 
7,552 
3,590 
12,505 
7,043 

16,336 
5,694 
40,?6S 
42,920 
44, 887 

15,173 
27,0f)0 
21,450 
95,920 
34, 425 

7,576 
13, 145 
41,518 
26, 81^6 
11,390 

11,708 
12, 160 
11,088 
10,872 
25,920 

11,044 
10, 224 

2,981 
730 

2,688 

715 
372 

1,000 
418 

3,280 

3,630 
3,420 
9, 208 



637,479 



$1,533 

755 

1,495 

1,537 

213 

929 
10,918 
2,149 
15, 504 

597 

3,486 
7,213 
3,707 
12, 258 
7,098 

15,949 
5,424 
39, 177 
40,881 
47,066 

10, 1.50 
26, («0 
20,020 
87, 898 
36, 125 

5, 650 
11,741 
38, 090 
23,500 
11,604 

11,815 
12, 022 
11,883 
11,184 
22,515 

11,357 
11.085 

2, 190 
032 

2, 152 

560 
230 
926 
410 
2,696 

3,607 
3,300 
8,308 



612,951 



1 Compared with Jan. 1, 1914. 

2 Based on census numbers on Apr. 15 and the Department of Agricultiue's estimated farm value per 
head Jan. 1, 1910. 



20 FARMERS^ BrLLETIX 651. 

PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

Table 13. — Prices paid to -producers of form prodvcts, hy States. 

















January 1. 














State. 


Corn, 
per bushel. 


Wheat, 
per bushel. 


Oats, 
per bushel. 


Barley, 
per bushel. 


per bushel. 


Buckwheat, 
per bushel. 


Potatoes, 
per bushel. 




1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-yeaT 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


Maine 


CIS. 
83 
82 
80 
85 
99 

91 

82 
79 
73 
70 

70 
81 
83 
85 

87 

79 
89 
62 
61 
6-1 

68 
6-1 
54 
57 
(59 

61 
53 
55 
52 
67 

67 
82 
76 

SS 
SO 

66 
82 
84 
67 
63 

75 
124 

78 


Cts. 

77 
74 
74 
77 
90 

76 
72 
68 
67 
56 

62 
72 
73 
83 
90 

84 
83 
54 
51 
51 

60 
55 

46 

47 
57 

53 
45 
49 
56 
64 

66 
81 
75 
71 
76 

61 
71 
95 

76 
62 

92 

115 

79 


Cts. 


Cts. 
114 


Cts. 
64 
63 
61 
60 
50 

59 
52 
56 

50 
50 

56 
59 
54 
65 

68 

69 
77 
47 
45 
45 

45 
44 
41 
43 

47 

39 
39 
42 
43 
54 

54 
68 
66 
68 
50 

44 
50 
41 
50 
50 

45 
78 
40 
55 
37 

41 
45 
46 


Cts. 

52 
52 
53 
53 
51 

50 

45 
47 
46 

4S 

48 
52 
52 
62 

68 

68 
72 
39 
37 
36 

39 
37 
33 
31 
40 

34 
33 
35 
41 
49 

50 
64 
61 
56 
52 

45 
52 
36 
45 
46 

59 
76 

45 
63 
38 

43 
44 
57 


Cts. 

84 
90 

85 


Cts. 

82 
80 
81 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 
80 


Cts. 
73 
70 
85 

87 


Cts. 
35 
60 
50 
69 
60 

67 
45 
61 
60 

87 

65 
73 
80 

88 
122 

108 
102 
55 
57 
65 

28 
33 
30 
68 
76 

48 
55 
62 
81 
75 

95 
101 
102 
110 
107 

92 
92 
60 
74 
45 

85 
103 
59 

82 
54 

48 
50 
65 


Cts. 
55 
70 
62 
81 
82 


N.Hampshire. 






Vermont 


115 


100 






83 

87 


Massachusetts. 


100 


94 


Rhode Island. 










Connecticut. . . 










98 
96 
86 
86 
100 

83 
91 
92 
98 
130 

120 


90 

78 
78 
77 
78 

74 
81 
86 
98 
140 

140 


100 
80 

84 
74 

80 
85 
80 
80 


92 
71 
73 
67 
71 

73 
77 
75 
80 


85 
64 
79 
71 
84 


New York 

New Jersey . . . 


110 
110 
113 

125 

115 
115 
114 
120 
132 

126 


99 
100 

97 
95 

97 
102 
103 
111 

128 

124 


75 


75 


Pennsylvania. 
I)elaware 


78 


67 


?ylar>-land 

Virginia 

West Virginia. 


67 

77 


60 
68 


66 
74 
82 
82 
122 


North Carolina 






South Carolina 






Georgia 










103 


Florida 






i 


119 


Ohio. . 


117 
114 
111 

113 
104 
104 
103 
108 

110 
101 
105 
107 
110 

115 
135 
112 


98 
95 
93 

97 
90 

88 
84 
92 

84 
S3 
81 
85 
99 

105 
119 
105 


59 
64 
62 

72 
61 
52 

57 
70 

45 
50 
45 
50 


66 
61 
60 

64 
69 
60 
62 
64 

53 
58 
47 
52 


93 

88 
90 

95 
94 
95 
83 
91 

88 
84 
75 
82 
96 

99 
133 


75 
70 
72 

70 
68 
62 
67 
79 

59 
60 
61 
73 

87 

97 
140 


78 

85 

105 

73 
75 
75 
100 


75 
77 
94 

67 

74 

75 

94 

102 


68 
65 

74 

46 
44 
47 
68 


Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 


Missouri 

North Dakota. 


58 


South Dakota. 






65 


Nebraska 

Kansas 


68 


94 


75 
92 


Kentucky 






82 


Tennessee 

Alabama 


75 


80 


74 


78 


85 
111 


Mississippi 










103 


Louisiana 













92 


Texas 


107 

106 
105 
93 
91 
92 

101 
125 

90 
110 

96 

106 

no 

110 


100 

89 
95 
77 
91 
80 

106 

108 

79 

103 

70 

77 
82 
97 


50 
55 


94 
62 


107 

95 

102 

62 

80 
62 


106 

90 
92 
71 
79 
64 






113 


Oklahoma 






105 


Arkansas 






101 


Montana 


52 
69 
57 

55 
63 
47 
70 
60 

51 
61 
57 


6.5 
69 
61 

70 
80 
59 
82 
53 

57 
59 
69 






70 


Wyoming 






86 


Colorado 






60 


New Mexico... 






103 


Arizona 










116 


Utah 


58 


66 






59 


Nevada 






81 


Idaho 


94 

90 
80 

87 


78 
80 
86 


85 
105 

88 


68 

78 
89 
87 






55 


Wasliins;tou. . . 






54 


Oregon 






56 


California... 






79 










. U.S.... 


65.8 


58.2 


107.8 


87.4 


45.0 


38.5 


54.3 


61.2 


90.2 


71.4 


77.9 


70.6 


49.7 


62.7 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 21 

Table 14.— Prices paid to prodncrrs of farm products, by States — Continued. 





January 1. 


State. 


Hay, per 
ton. 


Flaxseed, 
per bushel. 


Cotton, per 
pound. 


Butter, per 
pound. 


Eggs, per 
dozen. 


Chickens, 
per pound. 




1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


. 


?13. 70 
15. 50 
13.70 
20. 20 
21.50 

20.50 

14. 80 
19.30 

15. 30 
19.00 

16.20 
17.00 
16.90 
17. .'<0 
16.60 

16. 60 
16.70 
13.40 
14.30 
14. 80 

12.20 
9. 30 
6.20 
10.70 
14. .50 

5.20 
0.20 
7.10 
8.40 
16. 50 

16.80 
13.60 
12.43 
11.10 
9.80 

8.20 


S14. 40 


Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 


Cents. 
31 
34 
35 
36 
36 

36 
35 
37 
35 
35 

30 
27 
29 
24 
26 

25 
36 
29 
26 

28 

30 
31 
31 
29 
24 

28 
28 
26 
27 
22 

21 
23 
24 
29 
24 

24 
24 
35 
33 
32 

36 
36 
33 
35 
32 

35 
32 
33 


Cents. 

32 

33 
• 33 

36 

35 

36 
34 
36 
34 
30 

29 
26 
27 
24 
26 

25 
34 
28 
26 

28 

29 
32 
31 
29 
24 

28 
28 
26 
26 
22 

21 
23 
24 
28 
24 

26 
24 
36 
34 
32 

35 
40 
33 
38 
35 

37 
35 
35 


Cents. 
41 
41 
40 

48 
45 

50 
42 
45 
39 
38 

36 
31 
32 

27 
25 

27 
32 
33 
32 
32 

32 
30 
31 

28 
28 

31 

28 
27 
27 
29 

27 
25 
24 
26 
27 

25 
26 
43 
37 
37 

36 
36 
36 
49 
39 

41 
40 
41 


Cents. 
37 
37 
37 
43 
45 

42 
38 
40 
35 
33 

31 
28 
29 
25 
27 

28 
32 
31 
28 
29 

30 
30 
28 
26 
26 

30 
28 
27 
27 
26 

25 
26 
25 
26 
26 

27 
26 
44 
39 
37 

36 
46 
56 
52 
39 

41 
39 
40 


Cents. 
14.0 
15.9 
13.4 

17.8 
16.8 

17.7 
15.0 
17.0 
13.7 
13.5 

13.5 
13.1 
12.7 
11.3 
12.7 

12.7 
17.5 
10.7 
10.4 
10.7 

11.4 
10.8 
9.3 
9.4 
9.5 

8.9 
9.1 
8.9 
9.3 
10.1 

10.2 
12.2 
12.4 
14.2 
10.0 

8.9 
9.5 
13.7 
11.9 
13.5 

13.2 
17.6 
12.6 
17.5 
11.2 

12.2 
12.7 
16.9 


Cenl.t. 
13.9 


New Hampshire 


16.86 
13.80 










14.1 










12.5 




20.44 
21.06 

20.66 
15. 28 
19.30 
16. 14 
10.20 

16.40 










1.5. 6 


Rhode Island . ... 








17.1 


_ 








15.6 










13.6 


New Jersey 


1 




16.5 


:::::: ::::i.:_.: 




12.4 












12.1 












13.5 


Virginia 


15. 74 
15. 78 






6.6 


12.4 


12.7 






11.6 


North Carolina 


15. 92 
17.72 

17.04 







6.7 
7.0 

6.5 
10.0 


12.3 
12.4 

12.4 
16.1 


10.6 
12.5 








13.0 




16. 62 
13. 88 
13. 28 
13. .50 






14.5 


Ohio 






10.5 












10.0 













10.1 




13. 52 










10.5 


W isconsin 


12. 84 
8.26 
10.18 
11.08 

6.62 
7.22 
8.72 
9.10 
14.66 

15.14 
13.90 
12.00 
11.68 
11.80 

8 46 


i35 
139 
126 

137 
136 
132 
126 


166 
165 
154 
113 

163 
161 
136 
139 






10.2 




:::::::::::: 


9.1 








9.3 




6.2 


13.0 


9.3 


North Dakota 


9.4 


South Dakota 






8.7 








8.6 








8.8 








9.8 








6.5 
6.4 
6.6 
6.7 
6.6 

6.2 
6.4 


12.3 
12.4 
12.5 
12.4 
12.1 

11.5 
12.2 


10.0 








11.9 








11.7 








13.2 


Texas 






9.3 


Oklahoma 






8.7 


Arkansas 


12.00: 12.18 






9.2 




6.90 
7.00 
7.50 

11. .50 
9.00 
8.30 
7.00 
7.20 

10.90 
9.30 
8.30 


9.64 
9.20 
9.92 

11.94 

12.68 
9.82 
9.64 

7.68 


125 


128 


14.1 








14.7 












12.7 












13.3 












18.0 


Utah 










12.5 












20.3 












11.4 


Washington 


12.42 
10.14 
12.42 










13.0 


Oregon 










12.6 


California 










14.8 
















United States 


11.29 


12. .55 


134.8 


162.0 


6.6 


12.3 


28.7 


28.4 


31.6 


29.6 


11.2 


10.7 



22 farmers' bulletin 651. 

Table 15. — Prices paid to producers of farm, products, by States — (Continued. 



State. 



December 15. 



Hogs, per 
100 Ibi 



Maine 

N. Hampshire.. 
Vermont 

Massachusetts.. 
Rhode Island. . 

Coraiecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Peimsylvania. . 
Delaware 



Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. 
Norlh Carolina. 
South Carolina . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

IlUuois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missoiu-i 

North Dakota.. 
South Dakota . . 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

I^ouisiana 

Texas 



Oklahoma . 
Arkansas... 
Montana... 
Wyoming.. 
Colorado... 



$7.50 
7.80 
7.10 
8.50 
9.00 

10.10 

7.60 
8.60 
7.80 
8.40 

8.70 
7.50 
7.60 
7. SO 
8.10 

7.60 
7.10 
6.30 



New Mexico. . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 



.$7. 12 
7.62 
6.52 
8.00 
8.38 

8.60 
7.28 
8.40 
?.52 
7.70 

7.4? 
7.20 
7.18 
7.42 
8.02 

7.20 
6.20 
6.80 



6.50 6 
6.60 6.70 



Washington 

Oregon. 

California 



United States 



6.30 
6.60 
6.40 
6.50 
6.50 

6.00 
6.30 
6.40 
6.60 
6.50 

6, 

6.80 

6.20 

6.30 

6.60 

6.40 
6.00 
6.50 
6.50 
6.80 

7.00 
7.70 
6.50 
8.40 
6.30 

6.40 
6.60 
7.00 



6.67 



Beef cat- 
tle, per 
100 lbs. 



37.00 
6.80 
5.40 
6.50 
6.30 

7.80 
6.10 
7.00 
7.00 
6.50 

6.60 
6.00 
6.10 
4.70 
4.30 

4.30 
5.60 
6.60 
6.50 
6.80 



Veal 
calves, 
per 100 

lbs. 



Sheep, 

per 100 

lbs. 



6.65 6.00 
6.80 5.40 



6.58 
6.65 
6.50 

6.40 
6.48 
6.48 
6.62 
6.65 

6.55 
6.60 

6.4: 
6.0: 
6.6S 

6.6; 
6.12 
7.15 
7.30 
7.18 

7.30 
8.15 
6.82 

7.88 
6.95 

7.60 
7.35 
6.98 



6.73 



5.20 
6.90 
6.60 

5.50 
6.20 
6.70 
6.90 
5.60 

5.30 
4.00 
4.00 
5.10 
5.40 

6. 

4.60 

6.70 

6.40 

6.50 

6.30 
6.10 
5.60 
6.20 
5.80 

6.10 
6.50 
6.60 



56.5 
6.52 
4.80 
5.55 
6.5 

8.00 
5.28 
6.68 
5.95 
5.40 

5.45 
5.00 
5. 12 
3.95 
3.98 

3.75 
4.35 
5.65 

5.45 
5.60 

4.90 

4.02 
4.42 

5.88 
5.58 

4.42 
4.92 
5.50 
5.62 
4.75 

4.10 
3.25 
3.30 
4.00 
4.30 

4.65 
3.72 

5.48 
5.68 
5.38 

5.08 
5.23 

4.82 
5.52 



S8.60 
8.70 
8.00 
9.20 
9.50 



10.00 
9. SO 

10.20 
9.20 

10.00 

9.70 
8.10 
8.10 
5.60 
4 

5.00 
6.60 
8.20 
7.70 
7.90 

7.70 
7.60 
7.20 
7.90 
7.50 

7.30 
7.50 

7.80 
7.80 
6.80 

6.50 
4.50 
5. 30 
5.10 
6.40 

0.80 
5.70 
8.30 
8.80 
8.30 



S8.00 
7.80 
6.98 
8.15 
8.82 

8.93 
8.48 
8.60 
8.12 
9.6' 



8.30 

8, 

8.90 
8.00 
5.28 7.70 



5.52 
5.48 
6.00 



$5.40 
5.30 
4.00 
5.50 
5.30 



7.18 
6.68 
4.78 
4.58 

4.65 
4.70 
7.93 
7.15 
7.05 

7.42 
7.32 
6.30 
6.60 
6.38 

5.95 
5.92 
6.60 
6.55 
6.35 

5.12 
4.05 
4.35 
4.75 
5.15 

5.78 
5.05 
7.68 
7.68 
7.30 

7.47 
6.30 
7.72 
7.33 
6.85 



Lambs, 

per 100 

lbs. 



7. .50 7.93 5.00 
8.20 7.30 6.00 
8.10 6.55 5.00 



6.50 
4.80 
5.00 
5.10 
5 

4.80 
4.20 
4.50 
4.20 
5.20 

4.20 
6.50 
4.30 
4.00 
4.90 

4.30 
4.50 
4.40 
4. CO 
4.70 

4.70 
5.00 
5.30 
5.20 
3.80 

3.80 
4.70 
3.70 
5. 50 
5.00 

4.90 
4.00 
5.20 
5.90 
5.20 

4.70 
4.20 
4.90 
5.40 
5.10 



S4.58 
4.80 
3.68 

5.06 

5.67 
4.22 
4.60 
4.52 
4.57 

3.93 
3.82 
3.82 
3.98 
4.52 

4.18 
3.63 
3.58 
3.58 
3.85 

3.75 
3.95 
3.82 
4.20 
3.75 

4.15 
4.02 
4.40 
4..S8 
3.40 

3.40 
3.70 
3.32 

4.88 
4.38 

4.3f 
3.72 

4. .52 
4.40 
4.58 

4.28 
4.40 
4.72 
4.73 
4.28 



7.61 



6.74 4.95 



S6.80 
7.00 
6.20 
7.00 
7.20 

7. 
7.30 



4.58 
4.50 
4.62 



7.00 
8.00 

7. 

6.70 

6.10 

5.70 

5.60 

5.00 
6.70 
6.40 
6.40 
0.60 

6.50 
6.40 
6.10 
6.50 
6.30 

5.90 
6.60 
7.20 
7.00 
5.30 



$6.20 
6.50 
5.48 

6." 60 

7.07 

5 

6.23 

6.02 

6.93 

6.17 
5.75 
5.35 
4.92 



Milch cows, Horses, 
per head.i per head.i 



$53.00 
60.00 
51.00 
71.80 
80.00 

66.50 
64.80 
75.00 
61.20 
55.00 

45.00 
45.80 
54. 00 
39.00 
5.32| 39.40 

4.98 37.50 



3.60 
5.60 
5.40 
5.45 

5.72 
5.60 
5.28 
5.60 
5.18 

5.32 
5.15 
5.75 
5.68 
6.05 



5.00 4.65 
5.50 4.50 
4.60 4.12 
5.83 
5.90 5, 



6.10 

4.70 
6.50 
0.80 
7.40 

5.70 
5.50 
6.20 
6.00 
6.00 

6.00 
6.50 
6.50 



6.33 



5.48 
4.58 
5.70 
5.98 
5.65 

5.25 
5.80 



5.30 

5.60 
5.32 
5.38 



5.52 



51.60 
60 

54.50 
63.90 



$51. 85 
54. 62 
47.65 
47.50 
67.20 

56.97 
.54.35 
58. 88 
51.78 
45.00 

:i8. 25 
38. 50 
42.28 
33.78 
.36.00 

32.68 
40.02 
51.62 
48.42 
52.12 



59.70 48.02 



64.40 
58.30 
62.40 
55.00 

02.60 
62.90 
67.90 
65.20 
47.10 

44. 50 
37.90 
36.80 
35.00 
54.00 

.58.50 
39.80 
81.00 
83.80 
72.90 

62. 

93.00 
63.00 
90.00 

75.70 

75.00 
70.00 
74.20 



51.95 
47.32 
52. 02 
47.30 

49.20 

48.58 
50.82 
50.52 
38.90 

36. .55 
31. 45 
30.50 
34.30 
43.52 

45. 50 
32. 

58.88 
63.00 
53. 90 

53.10 
63. 

49.08 
62.50 

57, 

63.30 
54.42 
.59.08 



175 
170 
155 
200 

205 
175 
170 
167 
127 

115 

135 
143 
145 
141 

137 
143 
148 
135 
138 

164 
101 
140 
146 
109 

129 
120 
125 
114 
110 

128 

121 

103 

80 

89 

99 
90 
1.37 
110 
110 

76 
106 
115 
140 
123 

11.': 
95 
120 



S1S5 
172 
162 
194 



Wool, 
per 

pound. 



as. 

23 
19 
22 



22 



193 22 

176 22 
173.. 
168 22 
20 



140 
138 
138 
148 
165 

155 
150 
158 
145 
147 

166 
168 
156 
158 
122 

139 
131 
123 
122 
124 

142 
134 
116 



90 14 
92 14 



104 
106 
132 
97 
115 

81 
118 
111 
123 
123 

137 
110 
147 



as. 

22 
20 
20 



16 
15 
21 

17 
17 
17 

18.6 



22 
22 
20 
16 

21 
21 
21 
20 
19 

20 
20 
17 
18 
19 

15 
16 
16 
17 
20 

IS 
18 
16 
15 
15 



1 Prices in this table are for marketable grades or classes, and not strictly comparable with prices on 
pages 14 and 16, which are based upon valuation of all animals, of all ages and grades. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 23 

Table 16. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. 















December 15. 








State. 


Turkeys, 
per pound. 


Chickens, 
per pound. 


Eggs, per 
dozen. 


O !- 3 


03 O 


!S O 

< 


<S O 
O 

lis 


Soy beans, 
per bushel. 


Cottonseed, 
per ton. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 




Cfe. 
19.2 
24.0 
17.7 
26.7 
20.0 

27.0 
20.7 
22.0 
19.1 
19.0 

18.2 
15.4 
15.2 
14.8 
14.8 

15.1 
20.0 
15.4 
14.0 
15.1 

15.3 
14.9 
13.4 
15.2 
13.8 

12.9 
14.0 
13.2 
12.5 
12.1 

12.3 
12.1 

12.8 
16.7 
1L3 

11.3 
12.4 
17.4 
15.1 
14.2 

13.7 
19.3 
16.4 
26.0 
15.8 

17.9 
17.3 
20.5 

14.5 


Cts. 
21.0 
21.0 
19.0 
24.0 
23.0 

28.0 
21.0 
22.0 
20.2 
20.5 

18.2 
16.5 
16.3 
15.1 
15.4 

15.8 
18.8 
16.7 
15.5 
14.5 

IG. 4 
15.9 
13.8 
15.8 
14.9 

13.2 
13.9 
13.9 
13.2 
14.0 

13.7 
14.6 
14.0 
15.0 
11.8 

12.2 
13.0 
19.0 
17.0 
15.0 

14.5 
20.8 
16.3 
23. 
16.5 

20.0 
18.5 
20.5 


Cts. 
13.4 
16.5 
10.8 
16.5 
16.1 

17.4 
13.2 
15.4 
12.6 
13.0 

13.0 
11.5 
11.4 
11. 5 
13.4 

12.6 
17.5 
10.6 
9.9 
10.3 

9.8 
9.8 
8.9 
9.8 
9.4 

9.6 
9.4 
8.5 
9.3 
9.6 

9.7 
11.6 
11.3 
13.9 

9.9 

9.3 
9.1 

12.2 
8.9 

10.4 

13.0 
17.9 
12.8 
24.0 
11.4 

11.3 
12.4 
15.4 


Cts. 
13.2 
15.2 
13.0 

-17.0 
16.1 

17.0 
13.6 
16.5 
13.1 
14.5 

14.3 
13.1 
12.4 
11.9 
12.8 

13.5 
17.0 
11.0 
10.5 
10.9 

10.5 
10.8 
9.6 
10.7 
10.2 

10. 5 
9.3 
9.1 
9.5 
9.8 

10.5 
12.4 
12.2 
13.7 
10.1 

9.3 
9.8 
13.4 
ILl 
12.0 

12.4 
15.5 
11.0 
20.0 
11.1 

12.5 
12.4 
15.5 


Cts. 

44 
45 
42 
51 

52 

50 
43 
46 
38 
40 

34 
31 
32 
28 
29 

29 
36 
33 
32 
31 

30 
30 
30 

29 
28 

30 
28 
27 
27 
28 

28 
27 
27 
28 
29 

25 
27 
46 
36 
33 

34 
49 
34 
49 
41 

42 
42 
41 


Cts. 
42 
43 

42 
51 

49 

48 
42 
42 
39 
36 

34 
32 
34 
30 
32 

34 

38 
34 
32 
32 

32 
31 
30 

28 
29 

31 
30 
30 
31 
29 

28 
30 
29 
30 
30 

30 
29 
46 
40 
37 

38 
54 
38 
59 
39 

40 
43 
46 


$14.00 
18.00 
13.50 
21.00 
23.00 

20.30 
16.00 
19.40 
14. 90 


?11.90 
15.30 
13.30 
18.00 


$12. 20 
12.00 












N. Hampshire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. 














































Connecticut... 
New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . 


17.00 
13.20 

17.30 
12.80 






?1.00 








15.00 
21.30 




$2.00 
















2.60 
2.40 








16.50 14.50 

16. 8o' 14.00 
19.20 16.80 
19.00 17.10 
20.00 18.00 
21.00 19.50 

21.00, 20.00 


18.00 










Maryland 

Virginia 

WestVirginiiV. 
North Carolina 
South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 








19.50 




2.65 
2.35 
1.80 
2.10 

2.00 


2.29 


$27.66S29.30 


20.50 
27.00 

22.00 


sis.lo 

15.00 


1.64 
1.45 

1.75 
2.75 
1.75 
1.8S 
2.33 


20.10 
19.90 

20.00 
16. 70 


28.70 
28.00 

27.20 
22.30 


Ohio 


13.90 12.30 
15.00 12.80 
15.50 13.90 

12.10 10.50 
10.30, 8.90 
8. 50 8. 20 
11.60 10.70 
14.70| 14.00 

8.8o! 10.00 
8. 70; 8. 70 
8.50i 8.40 

10. 9o; 10.10 

18 60 16 80 


15. 40 
15. 10 
15.60 

13.00 
13.30 
11.00 
13.50 
14.70 

9.80 
9.40 
8.40 
9.50 
19.00 

19.90 
20. .50 
19.40 
15. 00 
14. 00 

11.80 
18.00 
9. 00 
7.00 
7.00 

10.40 


9.00 
10. 00 
11.80 


2.40 
2.40 
2. 50 
















Michigaji 






6. 80 
6.40 
8.80 
10.50 

6.40 
6.70 
6.80 
7.70 

12. 00 
14. 50 
9.80 
8.5(J 
9.50 

8.80 
10. 60 

8.80 
10.50 

9.50 

10.30 












1.55 
















Missouri 


1.50 
2.62 


2.60 


25.00 


21.00 












2.60 

"2.'i6 

1.86 










2.00 
2.10 

2.10 
2.15 






Kentucky..;.. 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 






19.30 
20.00 
16.60 


18.10 
18.00 
14.60 
12.00 


18.30 
18. 30 
19. 30 
17.80 
15.10 

14.10 
17.60 


24.20 
26.00 
22.50 






18.50 
20.00 












20.00 


Arkansas 


18.00 
11.00 
9.00 


17.10 
10.00 
7.70 


2.80 




19.30 


Wyoming 










11 70' 












1.3.00 












Arizona 

Utah 






15. 00 




9.00 


7.00 


6.80 


6.00 






















10.60 

12.70 
10.00 
9.00 


8.10 

10.20 
8.50 


7.00 

10.10 
7.00 
8.50 


7.00 










Washington... 










7.00 
5.50 






























U.S.... 


15.5 


10.7 


11.3 


31.9 


32.9 


13.69 


12.76 


9.05 


7.37 


2.24 


1.72 


17.73 


23.48 



24 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 651. 

Table 17. — Prlcffi paid to producers of/anii products, by States — Cuntijaied. 





December 15. 


State. 


Apples, 
per 

bushel. 


Pears, 

per 
bushel. 


Grapes, 

per 
pound. 


Walnuts, 
black, 

per 
bushel. 


Hickory 

nuts, per 
bushel. 


Pea- 
nuts, 
per 
pound. 


Pecans, 

per 
bushel, 

1914.- 


Chesl> 

nuts, 

per 

bushel, 

1914. 


Hops, 

per 
pound. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1 
191411913 

1 


1914 


1913 


Maine 


Cts. 
55 
54 
65 
70 
70 

60 

• 50 

60 

53 

65 

47 
50 
55 
50 
90 

80 


Cts. 
99 
110 
125 
143 
130 

97 
97 

100 
93 

125 

100 
93 
135 
100 
150 

105 


CIS. 


Cts. 


as. 


CIS. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts.\cts.\ 




cts. 


Cts. 


New Hampshire. 
Vermont 


\ 






1 1 


\ I ' \ 






1 






■ 1 ■ j ■ 


'.. \ .. 






Ma.ssachusetts 


1 






1 1 








Rhode Island. . 










225 
240 


1 






Connecticut 






125 
200 
97 
83 
68 

75 
60 
70 

75 
85 

71 


'"'90 
90 
80 
70 

'"so 

60 

75 
95 

85 
120 
70 
67 
70 

55 
85 
105 
95 
50 


225 


i 1 






New York 

New Jersey 


80 
80 
70 
38 

11 

"ioo 

100 
110 


82 

70 

117 

40 


4.0 




^Oi 225 
3001 200 
200 200 


1 
j 


' «2.75 

2 no 


20 


48 


Pennsylvania 








3.70 






Delaware 






55 

58 
125 
120 
95 
90 

61 




1 




3.50 

4.50 
2.30 
2.50 






Maryland 








1 








Virginia 


126 
145 
125 
200 

108 
125 
104 
80 

87 

75 
125 






50 
150 

80 
85 

85 


3.31 4.5 








West Virginia. . . 










North Carolina. . . 






3.8 4.0 
4.8 5.0 

5.0 5.6 
4.5 5.1 




l.sn 


" 




South Carolina 






•56.20 

5. 10 2. !tO 






Georgia 








Florida 






4.10 








Ohio 


65 
75 
90 


115 
95 

105 

S5 


75 
80 
92 




3.0 
4.8 
4.1 

3.5 


5.0 


65 
62 
65 

56 
85 
100 
96 
55 


160 
125 
115 

130 
150 
150 
150 
95 


140 
130 
125 

135 
130 
175 

150 
100 


2.60 
2.60 






Indiana 










Illinois 




4.00 






Michigan. . . . 


1 


" 








92 100 










Minnesota.. 


85 
110 

78 

100 
125 
100 
100 

87 

80 
88 
100 


120 
120 
100 




8.0 


1 








Iowa 


1 




i 


1 




Missouri 


100 


125 






....5.5 


4.00 








North Dakota 












South Dakota 


150 
110 
115 
95 

107 
115 
125 




"i25 
99 

90 
90 
100 


150 
185 
185 
100 

140 
120 
140 






1 


i 








Nebraska 






100 
82 
55 

55 
73 

88 


92 
95 
60 

50 
93 

88 
47 
95 

95 

75 






■ 








Kansas 


5.0 





150 
i05 

94 
82 
86 


160 
110 

100 
130 


'. 


3.40 








Kentucky 

Tennessee 


[ 


1.95 










3.9 5.0 
5.0 4 7 


3.80 
5.00 
4.85 


1.50 
2.60 






Alabama 










Mississippi 






80i 4.01 4.6 














4.o! 3.9 

4. 7l .=; fi 











Te.xas 


115 

100 
90 
80 

140 


135 

130 
110 
180 


88 

"146 


110 

160 
110 


10.0 


8.5 


80 

90 

65 


65 
100 


70 


3.45 

3.25 
3.10 








Oklahoma 


inn 4 7' .-v3 








Arkansas 






75J 75 4.8J 5.5 






Montana 













Wyoming 

Colorado 






t 






• 




65 


110 


88 
150 


150 






1 ! 








New Mexico 


■ 95 
180 
65 
130 

80 

65 


125 
210 
93 
125 
100 

90 


1 




1 




7.0 
10.0 


7.0 






Arizona 
















Utah 


85 


115 
















Nevada 






1 ' i 




1 




Idaho 


88 

80 
85 
85 


150 





" 












Washington 


95 
125 


2.2 














10 
11 
10 




Oregon 


85! 9() 









1 




; 


21 


California 


80 


130 


2.6i 2.8 






■ " i 
















' 










United States.. 


66.6 


103.6 


82.5 


97.9 


2.3, 2.9 


82.4 71.8117.8 

1 


130.2 4.3 


4.8 


3.72 


2.28 


13.2 


29.4 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



25 



Table 18. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, bij States — Continued. 



December 15. 



State. 


Beans, 

per 
bushel. 


Cabbases, 
per 100 
pounds. 


Onions, 

per 
bushel. 


Sweet po- 
tatoes, 

per 
bushel. 


Turnips, 

per 
bushel. 


Broom 

com, 

per ton. 


Pop com, 

per 
bushel. 


Honey 
(comb) 

per 
pound. 


Honey 

(extract), 

per 
pound. 




1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


Me.-.. 


$3. 10 
3.00 
2.90 
2.71 


S2.74 
2.75 
2.60 
3.50 
2.50 

2.55 
2.39 
2.38 
2.40 
2.80 

2,10 
2 59 
2.75 
2.35 
3.43 

2.26 
2.70 
2. 33 
2.47 
2.43 

1.75 
2.04 
2.11 
2.55 
2.75 

2.79 
2.85 
2.90 
2.70 
2.50 

2.60 
2.10 
1.83 


Cts. 
95 
115 
150 
105 
88 

115 

48 

74 

150 

168 

125 
190 
190 
150 
200 

170 
260 
140 
150 
150 

90 
115 
200 
200 
200 

295 
240 
200 
180 
170 

200 
190 
215 


Cts. 
130 
165 
175 
140 
130 

160 
115 
165 
165 
195 

250 
198 
185 
205 
260 

230 
270 
200 
210 
210 

130 
125 
220 
260 
255 

350 
315 
250 
230 
205 

230 
270 
260 
280 
297 

270 
300 
185 
235 
155 

210 
2S5 
200 
200 
180 

150 
150 
175 


Cts. 
85 
100 
78 
67 
70 

71 
71 
80 
85 
100 

92 
95 

120 
93 

120 

105 
1.50 
80 
80 
105 

55 
80 
98 
110 
125 

150 
130 
105 
115 
110 

97 
120 
120 

"140 

1.50 
115 
100 
165 
80 

150 
170 
80 
125 
100 

75 
100 

85 

92.3 


Cts. 
105 
120 
110 
120 
105 

110 
98 
97 
100 
120 

80 
9S 

110 
91 

135 

120 
169 
111 
103 
126 

96 
lOS 

95 
110 
130 

170 
155 
144 
150 
100 

100 
132 
138 
120 
143 

1.50 
130 
140 
170 
130 

150 
ISO 
130 
118 
130 

115 
120 
120 


Cts. 


CIS. 


Cts. 
50 
51 
41 
50 
48 

45 
40 
50 
47 
35 

42 
41 
50 
40 
62 

60 

""45 
39 
39 

33 
35 
47 
52 
40 

55 
75 
4S 
56 
35 

39 
53 

75 
70 
75 

51 
45 
60 

85 
44 

80 
110 

4S 
110 

75 

49 
60 
55 


Cts. 
45 
55 
54 
50 
53 

45 
40 
39 
48 
30 

25 
41 
55 
46 
64 

80 
72 
53 
52 
55 

32 
40 
45 
60 
51 

51 
75 
56 
60 
50 

50 
70 
74 
80 
89 

60 
55 
70 
75 
55 

95 
110 

75 
60 
50 

55 
55 
100 

55.1 






Cts. 


C!s. 
271 
233 
285 
350 
205 

200 
243 
200 
120 
100 


Cts. 
20 
20 
19 
19 

19 
15 
16 
15 
13 

18 
13 
18 
14 
12 

12 
12 
16 
17 
16 

14 
14 
15 
16 
15 

10 
15 
16 
15 
IS 

14 
11 
11 
10 
11 

14 
12 
13 
13 

12 

11 
13 
11 
13 
11 

13 
12 
12 

13.6 


Cts. 
20 
19 
18 
18 
22 

18 
14 
18 
16 
15 

15 
14 
19 
14 
13 

12 
12 
17 
17 
16 

15 
15 
14 
15 
16 

""is 

16 
16 
14 

14 
11 
12 
12 
12 

17 
12 
12 
13 
11 

12 
..... 

11 

12 

14 
12 
10 


Cts. 

"""22 
20 
15 

14 
14 
16 
11 
17 

19 
15 
14 
13 
IS 

12 
11 
13 
15 
14 

10 
11 
13 
13 
13 

10 
15 
12 
12 
13 

15 
12 
13 
10 
10 

12 
13 

9 
10 

9 

11 
10 

7 

""s 

10 
■••■7 


Cts. 
21 


N.n.. 










218 
177 
208 
190 

150 
146 


22 


Vt.... 










20 


Mass . . 












R.I... 










22 


Conn . . 


2.90 
2.70 
2.85 
2.60 
2.60 

2.90 
2.75 
2.80 
2.47 
2.50 

2.25 
3.50 
2.75 
2.62 
2.70 

2.18 
2.45 
2.30 
2.83 
2.80 

2.80 
2.85 
2.80 
3.00 
2.50 

2.40 
2. SO 










14 


N. Y.. 










11 


N.J... 


97 
110 
92 

100 
84 

100 
70 

. 76 

67 
83 

110 
95 

100 


70 
115 

58 

50 
75 
120 
67 
74 

74 
77 
110 
105 
110 






19 


Pa.... 






99 
92 


9 


Del... 








Md.... 








Va.... 






104 
114 
133 
150 

132 


135 
165 
100 
160 

152 


14 


W.Va. 






18 


N.C.. 






14 


s.c... 






15 


Ga 






12 


Fla.... 








Ohio.. 






149 
154 
180 

89 
155 
140 
162 
162 

232 
156 
159 
160 
125 

132 
150 
200 
125 
210 

220 
150 

280 
220 
263 

310 


160 
165 
150 

105 
210 
140 
140 
160 

205 
215 
190 
225 
100 

150 
185 
200 

"2i5 

210 

135 

"215 


13 


Ind . . . 






15 


Ill 

Mich. 


$85 


$113 


12 
10 


Wis... 










10 


Minn. 










12 




160 
110 


160 
120 






13 


Mo.... 

N Dak 




95 


12 


S. Dak 










16 


Nebr.. 


125 
110 
85 

80 
69 
59 
52 

87 

96 
81 


200 
137 
96 

93 
70 
62 
60 
98 

105 
85 






12 


Kans.. 
Ky.... 

Tenn 


50 


82 


12 
12 






15 


Ala 






12 


Mis.s 






11 


La 






13 


Tex... 

Okla.. 

Ark 


2.90 

2.75 
3.30 
2.85 
3.20 
2.00 

2.25 
2.90 

2.85 
3.00 
2.65 

3.60 
3.10 
2.60 


3.36 

2.70 
2.75 
3.30 
3.15 
2.40 

2.40 
2.80 
2.75 
3.00 
2.60 

3.00 
3.00 
2.60 

2.12 


225 

225 
260 
135 
180 
85 

200 
260 
150 
210 
175 

1.30 
150 
150 

125.9 


68 
55 


82 
90 


10 

13 
12 


Mont 






11 


Wyo.. 
Colo 










11 










9 


N.Mex 


125 
150 


125 

165 


40 


70 


10 
7 


Utali 










7 


Nev 


165 


140 










8 








240 


240 


10 


Wash 










9 


Oreg . . 
Cal.... 














13 


100 


150 

75.8 










7 




58.21 










U.S. 


2.40 


174.6 


114.9 


74.9 


48.4 


92.32 


160.5 


165.9 


14.0 


11.2 


11.6 



26 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 651. 

Table 19. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. 





Prices paid to producers, Dec. 15. 


Prices paid by producers,.Dec. 15. 


State. 


Clover 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Timothy 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Alfalfa 

seed, per 

bushel. 


Clover 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Timothy 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Alfalfa 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Bran, per 

ton. 


Cotton seed 

meal, per 

ton. 




1914 1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


1914 


1913 


Me 


1 
1 






$11. 50 $12. 00 


$3.30 
3.30 
3.50 
3.75 
3.20 

3.40 
3.40 
3.25 
3.20 
4.00 


$3.25 
3.50 
3.40 
3.25 
3.00 

3.15 
3.22 
3.00 
2.85 






$29.90 
30.00 
27.80 
29.00 
28.80 

28.50 
28.10 
29.50 
28.20 
31.50 

26.20 
28.80 
30.80 
31.30 
30.00 

30.70 


$28.83 
28.30 
27.30 
28.00 
27.60 

27.30 
26.80 
28. 30 
20.80 
28.20 

26. 50 
28.40 
29.00 
31.00 
33.30 

31.80 
32.60 
27.30 
25.80 
25.00 

26.70 
25.30 
22.60 
24. 20 
25.60 

22.00 
22.20 
23. 15 
23.30 
28.80 

29.60 
31.20 
30.00 
26.00 
29.00 

26. 25 
27.60 
23.30 
24.76 
26.10 

32.00 
37.30 
20.60 
29.60 
22. 30 

24.00 
23.75 
29.80 


$33. 20 $35. 30 


N. H.. .. 












11.20 
11.40 
13.40 
13.20 

12.00 
11.20 
10.80 
10.60 
9.60 


12.00 
10. 50 
17.50 
14.40 

11.00 
10.40 
10.10 
9.80 






33.00] 35.50 


Vt 






S3. 25 










31.501 34.70 


Mass 










33.00 
32.80 

31.40 
33.00 
34.20 
33. 00 
34.00 

30.60 
30.00 
33.60 
26.70 
24.20 

25.00 
28.00 
31.50 
30.80 
29.70 

32.70 
32.80 
29.60 
31.10 
28.30 

30.00 
33.50 
30.50 
27.60 
28.90 

28.60 
26.30 
26. 60 
25. 90 
26. 30 

25.80 
20. 70 
31.00 


34. 00 


R.I 


















35.50 


Conn 


sii.'oo 


$9." 66 


i3.'36 


3.00 
2.71 


..... 








34.10 


N. Y 

W.J 


$9.50 
10.50 
10.20 
9.75 


Si6.25 
8.76 
10.50 


34.40 
35.69 


Pa 

Del 

Md 


8.30 


8.20 


2.50 
3.30 


2.48 






34.00 
33.30 

30.00 


Va 

W. Va... 

N.C 

S.C 


9.70 
10.50 


9.60 
10.00 


.3.00 
3.20 


2.80 
2.80 
3.00 


S9.17 


$9.00 


10.50 
10.80 
10.30 


9.80 
10.40 
10.90 

8.00 

11.75 


3.26 
3.50 
3.00 


3.10 
3.00 

3.50 


9.60 
11.00 


9.00 
9.50 
8.40 
8.80 

10.70 


33.30 
34.00 
32.40 
30.80 


Ga 






















30.40 


Fla 
























31.00 


33.50 


Ohio 

Ind 

Ill 

Mich 

Wis 

Minn 


8.00 
8.20 
8.75 

7.95 
7.25 
7.00 
8.10 
9.10 


7.65 
7.50 
7.90 

7.70 
7.40 
7.20 
7.50 
8.00 


2.50 

2.60 
2.70 

2.40 
2.25 
2.10 
2.10 
2.90 

2.50 
1.90 

'3."66 
3.00 

3.10 


2.27 
2.50 
2.50 

2.30 
2.20 
2.00 
2.00 
2.60 


8.40 
8.00 
9.00 

8.20 
8.00 


8.90 
8.10 
8.90 

8.20 
7.30 


9.00 
9.20 
9.70 

9.30 
8.50 
8.60 
10.00 
10.50 

12.00 
10.00 

'i6.'66 

10. 40 
11.50 


8.75 
8.40 
8.90 

9.15 
8.25 
8.50 
8.20 
9.70 



"9.' 56 
9.00 
9.70 

10.00 
9.50 


2.95 
3.15 
3.20 

3.15 
2.75 
2.60 
2.40 
3.40 

3.50 

2.50 

'3." 26 
3.10 

3.20 


2.81 
3.00 
2.85 

2.90 
2.60 
2.50 
2.20 
3; 10 

2.60 

"3.16 
2.60 
3.00 

2.90 


9.50 
9.20 
10.50 

9.60 
9.60 
8.75 
9.20 
10.40 

14.00 
11.00 
7.80 
7.50 
9.60 

10.60 
12.60 
10.00 


9.60 
9.00 
9.75 

9.60 
8.90 

10.00 
7.75 

10.00 

12.60 

" '6.' 86 

5.90 
9.65 

10.00 


28.00 
27.40 
24.80 

27.60 
24.50 
24.10 
26.20 
24.80 

23.10 
24. 40 
23.60 
22.70 
27.40 

28.40 
30. 10 
30.50 
28.00 
28. 10 

24.60 
27.30 
25. 70 
25.40 
26.70 

31.30 
38. 30 
24.00 
33.80 
23.70 

25.90 
26.60 
30.20 


34.50 
33. 30 
31.70 

34.40 
31.90 
32.00 


Iowa 

Mo 

N. Dak.. 


'6.' 66 


6.00 
9.00 


32.40 
31.60 

28.30 


S. Dak... 

Nebr 

Kans 

Ky 

Tenn 

Ala 


7.00 

"s.'so 

9.10 
10.40 


12.25 
9.30 

7.G5 
8.60 

8.25 


"s.'oo 

2.20 
2.85 

2.88 


8.50 
7.60 
6.90 


10.10 
6. 45 
5.50 
9.15 


32. 00 
33.50 
32.85 
32.00 

31.80 
31.20 


Miss 














11.00 








30.70 


La 




















29.00 


Tex 










7.40 
7.00 


7.35 
5.60 










8.40 

8.50 
9.80 
10.00 
8.00 


11.50 

'ii."66 

11.00 
9.90 
8.90 

7.40 

"7.56 

' 's.eo 

10. 80 


31.70 


Okia 
















31.50 


Ark 








ii.46 

8.70 
12.00 





3.00 
1.90 
2.70 


3.30 


30.00 


Mont 

Wvo 


7.90 


j 1.90 




8.00 
6.55 
6.90 

6.90 


7.50 
7.70 
6.80 




Colo 




1 




29.90 

31.40 
40.00 


34.25 


N. Me.x 












1 

1 




37.00 


Ariz. 




1 




9.00 
7.00 
8.40 
8.00 


6.80 
6.00 










15.00 
7.45 
9.10 
9.40 

11.60 
8.10 
11.00 


40.00 


Utah.. . 






3.00 




1240 




4.00 






Nev 












Idaho 

Wash 


9.00 


7.40 1.80 


1.90 


7.15 


10.00 
12.30 


9.75 
11.00 


2.40 
3.60 


2.50 
3.20 


46.70 

37.20 
36.00 


42.30 


Orpc 








8.10 
9.00 


6.25 
8.80 


38.50 


Ca!.. . 




1 

































V. S . 


8.12 


7. 70j 


2.18 


2.10 


7.57 


6.60 


10.04 


9.43 


3.05 


2.84 


8.81 


7.25 


26.72 


26.43 


29.04 


32.36 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 27 

Table 20.^ — Averages for the United States of prices paid In producers of farm products. 



Product. 



Hogs per 100 lbs. 

Beef cattle do. . . 

Veal calves do. . . 

Sheep do. . . 

Lambs do. . . 

Milch cows per head. 

Horses do. . . 

Turkeys per lb. 

Chickens do... 

Eggs per doz. 

Honey, comb per lb. 

Honey, extract do. . . 

Wool, unwashed do. . . 

Walnuts, black per bu. 

Hickory nuts do. . . 

Chestnuts do... 

Pecans do. . . 

Peanuts per lb. 

Apples per bu. 

Pears do . . . 

Beans do. . . 

Beans, soy do... 

Sweet potatoes do. . . 

Turnips do. . . 



Onions do... 

Cabbages per 100 lbs. 

Timothy hay per ton. 

Clover hav do... 

Alfalfa hay do. . . 

Prairie hay do. .. 

Clover seed per bu. 

Timolhy ^eed do. . . 

Alfalfa seed do. . . 

Broom corn per ton. 

Pop corn per bu. 

Cottonseed per ton . 

Hops per lb. 

Paid by farmers: 

Clover seed per bu. 

T imothy seed do. . . 

Alfalfa seed do. . . 

Bran per ton. 

Cottonseed meal do. . . 



Dec. 15— 



1914 



$0.67 
6.01 
7.61 
4.95 
6.33 

58.23 

130.00 

.145 

.10 

.319 

.136 
.112 
.186 
.82 

1.18 

2.28 

3.72 

.043 

.67 

.82 
2.40 
2.24 

.75 

.48 

.92 

1.26 

13.69 

12.76 

9.05 

7.37 
8.12 
2. IS 
7. ,57 
58.00 

1.60 

17.73 

.132 



1913 



10.04 

3.05 

8.81 

26.72 

29.04 



87.16 
5.96 
7.74 
4.46 
5.85 

57.19 

135.00 

.155 

.113 

.329 

.140 
.116 
. 161 
.72 

1.30 



.048 
1.04 



1912 



«6.89 
5.33 
6.88 
4.21 
5.70 

48.62 

139. 00 

.148 

.106 

.298' 



$5.72 
4.37 
5.98 
3.71 
4.93 

42.72 
134.00 



. 142', . 138 
.1201 .118 
. 186 . 155 
.70 .... 



1.12 



2.12 
1.72 
.76 
.55 

1.15 
1.75 



7.70 

2.10 

6.60 

92.00 

1.66 
23.48 
.294 



9.43 

2.84 

7.25 

26.43 

32.36 



.046 
.73 



.93 
2.31 



.84 
1.15 



.044 
.86 



1.11 
2.42 



.79 



1.13 
1.83 



9. 00 10. 62 

1.79 6.72 

7.R6 

57.00 108.00 



1.57 
21.42 
.178 



11.10 

2.47 

9.49 

25.16 

30.16 



16.70 
.425 



26.99 
30.50 



$7.16 
4.45 
6. 38 
4.54 
5.60 

43.41 
141.00 



.137 
.124 
.178 



.045 
1.00 



1.22 
2.20 



.71 



1.49 



7.94 
4.11 



93.00 



25.65 
.146 



Jan. 15— 



$7.45 
6.04 
7.89 
4.67 
6.16 

57.99 

137. 00 

.155 

.115 

.298 

.136 
.113 
.157 

.77 

1.30 



.047 
1.11 

1.13 

2.17 

1.96 

.82 

.57 

1.21 
1.87 



1913 



$6.77 
5.40 
7.06 
4.35 
6.03 

49.51 

140.00 

.149 

.107 

.241 

.139 
.122 
.186 



1.13 



.046 
.74 



1.08 
2.26 



.84 
.50 



.82 
1.26 



7.99 9.41 

2.07 ' 1.79 

6.55 . 7.66 

94.00 ! 49.00 

1.72 i 1.47 

22.70 i 21.98 

.2661 .197 



24.68 
31.58 



9.82 1 

2.90 I 

8.30 I 

26.53 1 

32.49 



11.39 

2.51 

8.25 

25.24 

30.97 



Nov. 15— 



1914 



$7.00 
6.02 
7.74 
4.f8 
6.14 

58.77 

130. 00 

.141 

.111 

.282 

.137 
.111 
.181 
.75 

1.19 

2.19 

4.01 

.044 

.57 



2.28 

2.15 

.72 

.47 

.84 

1.14 

13.69 

12.70 

9.20 

7.49 
8.02 
2.34 
7.29 
66. 00 

1.59 
14.01 
.156 



10.06 
3.11 
8.45 
26.40 
28.36 



1913 



$7.33 
5.99 
7.70 
4.27 
5.64 

57.71 

136.00 

.1.5: 

.114 

.313 

.141 
.118 
.156 
.70 

1.27 



.044 
.94 

.93 

2.20 

1.57 

.73 

.56 

1.15 
1.58 



7.33 

2.08 

0.36 

100. 00 

1.69 

22.46 

.260 



9.13 

2.87 

7.65 

26.47 

31.97 



47.38 
139. CO 
.144 
.108 
.286 



Jan. 1. 



191-5 



1914 



1913 



1912 



1911 



Feb. 1. 



1914 



1913 



Dec. 1. 



1913 



Wheat cts. per bu. 

Corn do. . . 

Oats.. do... 

Barley do. . . 

Rye do... 

Buckwheat do. . . 

Potatoes do. . . 

Flaxseed do. . . 

Hay dols. per ton. 

Butter cts. per lb. 

Eggs cts. per doz. 

Chickens cts. per lb. 

Cotton do. . . 



107.8 
65.8 
45.0 
54.3 
90.2 
77.9 
49.7 

134.8 
11.29 
28.7 
31.6 
11.2 
6.6 



81.0 
69.6 
39.1 
52.2 
62.5 
76.6 
68.4 
124.2 
12.42 
29.2 
30.7 
11.5 
11.7 



76.2 
48.9 
32.2 
49.9 
63.8 
66.8 
50. 
106.2 

11. 86: 

28.4 
26.8 
10.7 
12.2 



88.0 
62.2 
45.1 
86.4 
82.7 
73.7 
84.5 
187. 1 
14.85 
28.1 
2*9.5 
9.8 
8.4 



88.6 
48.2 
33.2 
59.8 
73.3 
65.8 
54.1 
221.1 
12.24 
27.8 
30.4 
10.5 
14.4 



81.6 
68.3 
39.3 
52.4 
61.7 
75.6 
69.7 
127.8 
12. 41 
27.4 
28.4 
11.6 
11.9 



79.9 
60.6 
32.4 
51.4 
68.9 
69.4 
53.1 
109.3 
11.04 
27.6 
22.8 
10.9 
11.9 



98.0 
64.4 
43.8 
54.3 
86.5 
76.4 
48.9 
125. 6 
11.12 
28.4 
29.7 
11.3 
6.8 



79.9 
69.1 
39.2 
53.7 
63.4 
75.5 
68.7 
119.9 
12.43 
29.2 
33.0 
U.5 
12.2 



28 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 651. 

Table 21. — Range of prices of agricultural products at marl:et centers. 



Product and market. 



Wheat per bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . . 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago .... 

No. 2 red winter, New York i. 
Com per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2 mixed, New York i 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago... 
Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- 

th}', Chicago 

Hops, per pound: Choice, New 

York 

Wool per pound: 

Ohio fine unwashed, Boston . 

Best tub washed, St. Louis. . 
Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 

of sales, Chicago 

Butter per pound: 

Creamery, extra, New York. . 

Creamery, extra, Elgin 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh, New York 

Average best fresh, St. Louis. 

Cheese per pound: Colored, ^ New 

York 



Jan. 2. 191.- 



27J-$1 
28 - 1 
36i- 1 



.69 - 

.684- 



.281 
.28i 
.36i 

.69 

.68f 



49 - . 
oOi- . 
11^ L 

00 -16. 

23 - . 



.36 - 
.34 - 



. 14i- . 14i 



Dec. 1914. I Nov., 1914. ! Dec, 1913. 



SI. 12J-$1. 27J 
1. 13|- 1. 281 
1. 24i- 1. 35| 

. 62 - . 68i 
.62i- .68i 



. Wr- . 50 
.461- .49J 
1. 07J- 1. 12i 

15. 00 -16. 00 

. 23 - .28 



51.08 -$1.15 
l.llj- 1. lea 
1. 22 - 1. 25J 



.63 - 

.62^ 



.78i 



.23 
.31 



6. 90 - 7. 50 



.33 

.32 



. 44J- . 48 J 
. 47A- . 50 
.96"- 1.08 

15.00 -16.00 

. 26 - .36 



.23 
.31 



7. 25 - 8. 00 



.33i- .36 
.32"- .33 



. 36 - .62 
, 24J- . 29 



$0. 90 - 

.931- 

1.00 - 

.65 - 
.64 - 

.78 - 

.m- 

• 37S- 
.61 - 

14. 50 

.45 

.20 
.28 



SO. 97} 

.97§ 

I.OIJ 

.82 

rah 

.85" 
.4H 

■ m 

- .65 
-18.00 

- .48 

- .21 

- .28 



.50-8. 00 



.34 
.32 



.27i- 
.15J- 



.37^ 
.3.5J 

.63 
.:52 

. 16} 



Dec, 1912. 



«1.00 - 

.99J- 

1.05^- 

.45 - 
.47 - 

.54i- 

..33 - 
.31J- 
.58 - 

13. 00 - 

.30 - 

.24 - 

.37 - 



$1. m 
- i.iif 

■ 1.09 

- .48§ 
• .54 

- .58 

- .34* 

- .33| 

- .64 

-18. 00 

- .42 

- .24 

- .38 



.38 
.35J 



.30 
.22 



1 F. o. b. afloat. 

s September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored, May to July, inclusive; colored August. 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 29 

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE CROP REPORT. 

Crops ill the Northern Hemisphere in 1914, compared with 1913, as 
reported by the International Institute of Agriculture, were as follows : 
Wlieat, in 20 countries, 2,741,000,000buslielsin 1914 and 3,007,000,000 
in 1913; rye, in 16 countries, 1,485,000,000 and 1,545,000,000 bushels 
in the respective years; barley, in 19 countries, 1,188,000,000 and 
1,327,000,000; oats, in 19 countries, 3,304,000,000 and 3,778,000,000; 
and corn (maize), in 9 countries, 3,125,000,000 bushels in 1914 and 
2,882,000,000 in 1913. 

The crops covered by these reports amounted altogether to 
11,843,000,000 bushels in 1914 and 12,539,000,000 in 1913, showing a 
decrease of 696,000,000 bushels, or about 5^ per cent. 



NOTICE. 



The publications of this depailment, as well as those of all others, are sold by the 
Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, who will furnish price 
lists free. 

For the convenience of the general public, coupons, which are good until used in 
exchange for Government publications sold by the superintendent of documents, 
may be purchased from his office in sets of 20 for $1. 



WASHINGTON : GOVERXMENT I^RINTING OFFICE : 1915 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



FARMERS' 
BULLETIN 





Washington, D. C. 



665 



March 20, 1915. 



Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M . Estabrook, Cliief. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 



Stocks of grain on farms 1 

Wheat supplies 2 

Spring wheat production, by varieties 4 

Florida and California crop report 5 

The Hawaiian sugar crop 5 

International Institute crop report 6 

Trend of prices of farm products 6 

Stocks of wool in manufacturers' hands 7 

Time of transit to England through Panama 

Canal 7 



Countries prohibiting cereal exports 8 

Wages of farm labor 8 

Farm labor employment service 9 

Apples in cold storage 13 

Stocks of cereals and aggregate value per acre 

of crop production (tables) 15 

Aggregate value per acre of crops, by states, 

1909-1914 19 

Farm wages (tables) 20 

Prices of farm products (tables) 22 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF APRIL CROP REPORT. 

On Wednesday, April 7, at 12 noon (Washington time), the Bureau of Crop Estimates 
of the United States Department of Agriculture will issue a report upon the condition 
on April 1 of winter wheat and rye. Details by States, with comparisons, will appear 
in the April issue of the Agricultural Outlook. This number (April) of the Agricul- 
tural Outlook will also give estimates of the condition on April 1 and losses during the 
year from diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, and swine; losses from exposure of cattle 
and sheep; and the number of breeding sows on April 1, 1915, as compared with April 
1, 1914, in percentages. 



STOCKS OF GRAIN ON FARMS MARCH 1. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates, from 
reports of correspondents and agents, estimates that the amount of 
wheat on farms March 1, 1915, was about 152,903,000 bushels, or 17.2 
per cent, of the 1914 crop, against 151,809,000 bushels, or 19.9 per 
cent, of the 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 156,483,000 
bushels, or 21.4 per cent, of the 1912 crop on farms March 1, 1913. 
About 60.7 per cent of the crop will be shipped out of the counties 
where grown, against 53.9 per cent of the 1913 crop and 61.6 per cent 
of the 1912 crop so shipped. 

85305°— Bull. 665—15 1 



2 FAKMEES BULLETIJSI G05. 

The amount of corn on farms March 1, 1915, was about 910,894,000 
bushels, or 34.1 per cent, of the 1914 crop, against 866,392,000 bushels, 
or 35.4 per cent, of the 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 
1,289,655,000 bushels, or 41.3 per cent, of the 1912 crop on farms 
March 1, 1913. About 18.6 per cent of the crop will be shipped out 
of the counties where grown, against 17.2 per cent of the 1913 crop 
and 21.8 per cent of the 1912 crop so shipped. The proportion of 
the 1914 crop which is merchantable is about 84.5 per cent, against 
80.1 per cent of the 1913 crop and 85 per cent of the 1912 crop. 

The amount of oats on farms March 1, 1915, was about 379,369,000 
bushels, or 33.2 per cent, of the 1914 crop, against 419,476,000 
bushels, or 37.4 per cent, of the 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, 
and 604,216,000 bushels, or 42.6 per cent, of the 1912 crop on farms 
March 1, 1913. About 29.4 per cent of the crop will be shipped out 
of the counties where grown, against 26.5 per cent of the 1913 crop and 
30.9 per cent of the 1912 crop so shipped. 

The amount of barley on farms March 1, 1915, was about 42,889,000 
bushels, or 22 per cent, of the 1914 crop, against 44,126,000 bushels, 
or 24.8 per cent, of the 1913 crop on farms March 1, 1914, and 
62,283,000 bushels, or 27.8 per cent, of the 1912 crop on farms March 
1, 1913. About 45.1 per cent wUl be shipped out of the counties 
where grown, against 48.4 per cent of the 1913 crop and 53.7 per 
cent of the 1912 crop so shipped. 



WHEAT SUPPLIES. 

Long-established custom has fixed upon March 1 as the date for 
taking stock of supplies of grain in the country. The information is 
presumed to be a guide to farmers in deciding what and how much to 
plant in the spring, and to dealers is indicative of the amount that can 
safely be exported without encroaching too closely upon home needs 
before the next crop becomes available. The beginning of the crop 
season, for statistical calculations, is July 1. 

The results of the inquiry into stocks of wheat in the United 
States on March 1 this year indicate that as compared with a year ago 
there are 1,000,000 bushels more on farms and about 8,000,000 bushels 
less in country mills and elevatoi-s; ''visible stocks," that is stocks at 
points of accumulation, are about 7,000,000 bushels less; thus making 
a total reduction in apparent supphes of 14,000,000 bushels. 

A year ago March 1, there was sufficient wheat to supply domestic 
needs for food and seed between March 1 and July 1, and, in addition, 
to have 36,000,000 bushels for export during the four months and 
about 76,000,000 bushels surplus to carry into the new year. In 
other words, March 1 a year ago there were apparently 112,000,000 
bushels in excess of home requirements. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



This year March 1, there is apparently 14,000,000 bushels less 
suppHes than a year ago. Between March 1 and July 1 this year 
there is hkely to be about 5,000,000 bushels more seed wheat needed 
than last year, and nearly 2,000,000 bushels would normally be 
allowed for the increased needs for food requirements resulting from 
the year's increase in population. On this basis of calculation there 
would appear to be on March 1 about 21,000,000 bushels less surplus 
than a year ago, when there was an apparent surplus of 112,000,000 
bushels; that is, a present surplus of about 91.000,000 bushels for 
export in the four months March 1 to July 1 and carry-over. Several 
additional facts should be taken into consideration in connection 
with this subject of wheat supplies. The Bureau of Crop Estimates 
has not inquired into the stocks of flour; but it is beheved that they 
do not show as much reduction as do wheat stocks. Also, the 
Southern States have greatly increased their wheat acreage, the crop 
of which will be marketable before July 1, and have the effect of 
increasing the available suppUes between now and July 1. 

The exports of wheat (including flour) durmg the four months 
March 1 to July 1 last year were 36,000,000 bushels, or 25 per cent of 
the year's exports; in the past five years the exports between March 
1 and July 1 have averaged 26,000,000 bushels, or 25 per cent of the 
average yearly exports. It would appear, therefore, that the United 
States is able, by reducing its carry-over to a small amount, to export 
during the four months March 1 to July 1 this year twice the amount 
exported in the same period last year and treble the average of the 
past five years m the like period. It does not appear, however, that 
exportations at the same rate as during January and February can 
continue during the entire period without encroaching upon normal 
domestic requirements. In Table 1 are shown the exports monthly 
of wheat (including flour) during the past five years: 

Table 1. — Exports of wheat (including flour) frovi the United States. 
[Compiled from the Monthly Summary of the Foreign Commerce of the United States.] 



Month. 



July 

August 

September. 

October 

November . 
December.. 

January 

February . . 



Total, 8 months. 



March. 
April.. 
May . . . 
June.. 



Total, 4 months.. 
Total, 12 months. 



Per cent in first 8 months. 
Per cent in last 4 months.. 



Bushels. 
30,173,618 
27,617,655 
31,435,600 
25, 664, 458 
25, 8%, 525 
37,117,984 
32,027,259 
'35,500,000 



1245,433,099 



12, 966, 596 
28,348,281 
17,512,665 
13,110,946 
9,616,645 
10,620,644 
9, 704, 617 
7,554,992 



109,435,386 



6,954,128 

7,039,778 

10,915,044 

11,247,296 



36,156,246 39,945,871 



1912-13 



Bushels. 

3,008,397 

8,910,696 
16,987,254 
20, 746, 157 
16, 153, 840 
14, 488, 134 
13,445,373 

9,193,876 



102, 933, 727 



Bushels. 
6,275,872 
10,175,683 
10,700,095 
8,823,222 
6,576,086 
7,981,467 
5,815,887 
5,030,888 



61,379,200 



8,799,485 
10,819,336 
11,177,828 

9,149,222 



145,591,632 142,879,598 



75.2 

24.8 



72.0 
28.0 



5,853,254 
4,922,964 
4,385,436 
3,148,550 



18,310,204 



79,089,404 



77.0 
23.0 



1909-10 



Bushels. 

3,132,366 

4, 948, 473 

6, 184, 791 

7.450,882 

6,(55,019 

8,042,903 

7,000,665 

5,128,078 



48,043,177 



5, 616, 730 
5,241,573 
5,851,934 
3,958,345 



20,668,582 



69,311,759 



70.0 
30.0 



Bushels. 
4,628,890 
8,835,360 
12,471,736 
13, 897, 595 
12,995,776 
9,126,097 
4,973,345 
3,527,335 



70, 456, 134 



3,737,356 
5,330,616 
4,975,991 
2,864,218 



16,908,181 



87,304,315 



80.6 
19.4 



' Preliminary estimate. 



4 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 665. 



SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION, BY VARIETIES. 

The most profitable variety of spring wheat grown last year was 
durum wheat, according to an investigation made by the Bureau of 
Crop Estimates. In yield per acre the Marquis led, but the higher 
prices paid for durum made its value per acre slightly higher than 
that of Marquis wheat. 

The total production of durum wheat in Minnesota, North Dakota, 
and South Dakota (which produced 95 per cent of all durum wheat 
in the census year of 1909) was about 18,103,000 bushels in 1914, as 
compared with 21,529,000 in 1913. Durum wheat represented 11.6 
per cent of all spring wheat raised in these States in 1914 compared 
with 13.5 per cent in 1913. 

In former years an obstacle to the growing of durum wheat was the 
low price offered for it. For instance, in the census production year 
1909 durum yielded two bushels per acre more than common varie- 
ties of spring wheat, but it sold for 17 cents per bushel less, conse- 
quently it was less profitable. 

This year, however, the price of durum has been higher than that 
of all other varieties, being about $1.27 per bushel in the middle of 
January, as compared with about $1.15 for common varieties; hence, 
on this basis, the value per acre was $16.09, as compared with $11.79 
for common varieties. 



Table 2.- 



-Estimated production in 1914 of the different varieties of wheat in the three 
spring wheat States. 





Total. 


Minnesota. 


North Dakota. 


South Dakota. 


Variety. 


Bushels. 


Per 
cent. 


Bushels. 


Per 
cent. 


Bushels. 


Per 
cent. 


Bushels. 


Per 

cent. 


Blue Stem 


68,023,000 

32, 297, 000 

23,765,000 

18,103,000 

6,360,000 

2,011,000 

5,584,000 


43 
21 

15 
12 

4 
1 
4 


22,240,000 

12,984,000 

2,715,000 

990,000 

1,349,000 

975, 000 

1,722,000 


52 
30 
7 
2 
3 
2 
4 


36,395,000 
9,425,000 
17,519,000 
10, 389, 000 
4,111,000 
70,000 
3,653,000 


45 
11 
21 
13 
5 

"""4' 


9,388,000 

9,888,000 

3,501,000 

6,724,000 

900,000 

966,000 

199, 000 


30 


Velvet Chaff 


31 


Fife 


U 


Durum 


21 


Marquis 


3 


Winter 


3 




1 






Total 


156,143,000 


100 


42,975,000 


100 


81,592,000 


100 


31,566,000 


100 







THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 

Table 3. — Estimated yield per acre in 1914, average price per bushel in the middle of 
January, 1915, and value per acre of the several varieties of wheat in the three spring 
wheat States. 





Minnesota. 


North Dakota. 


South Dakota. 


Variety. 


Yield 
per 
acre. 


Price 
11 


Value 
per 
acre. 


Yield 
per 
acre. 


Price 
11 


Value 
per 
acre. 


Yield 
per 
acre. 


Price 
11 


Value 
per 
acre. 


Blue Stem 


Bu. 
9.8 
11.6 
10.3 
12.3 
12.8 
19.5 
11.0 


$1.15 
1.15 
1.18 
1.24 
1.17 
1.15 
1.15 


$11.27 
13.34 
12.15 
15.25 
14.98 
22.42 
12.65 


Bu. 
10.3 
12.1 
10.9 
13.9 
14.9 
13.7 
10.8 


$1.16 
1.16 
1.17 
1.29 
1.18 
1.16 
1.11 


$11. 95 
14.01 
12.75 
17.93 
17.58 
15.89 
11.99 


Bu. 

7.5 
9.3 
9.3 
11.2 
11.2 
14.0 
8.7 


$1.10 
1.10 
1.12 
1.24 
1.17 
1.09 
1.13 


$8.25 


Velvet Chaff 


10.23 


Fife 


10.42 




13. S9 




13.10 


Winter 


15.26 


Other or uncertain 


9.83 






Average 


10.6 


1.155 


12.25 


11.2 


1.177 


13.19 


9.1 


1.134 


10.32 







FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROP REPORT. 

Table 4. — Crop situation in Florida and California, Mar. 1, 1915, with comparisons. 



Item. 



Orange trees (condition) 

Lemon trees (condition) 

Lime trees (condition) 

Grapefruit trees (condition) 

Pineapple plants (condition) 

Tomatoes (condition) 

Cabbatres (condition) 

Celery (condition) 

Cauliflower (condition) 

White potatoes! (condition) 

Spring pasture (condition) 

Spring plowing (per cent done).. 
Spring planting (per cent done) . 
Meadows (condition) 



Florida. 



1915 1914 1913 



California. 



1915 1914 1913 



' The acreage planted to white potatoes is about 10 per cent lower than last year's acreage. 



THE HAWAHAN SUGAR CROP, 1913-14. 

The sugar produced in Hawaii during the year ending June 30, 
1914, equaled 612,000 short tons, and was the largest ever recorded 
for that Territory. While the acreage was less than in the three 
previous years, the average yield of cane per acre was the highest 
and so was the sugar yield per acre of cane. An average of 45 tons 
of cane per acre was harvested, and 240 pounds of sugar were made 
on an average, from each ton of cane. Details are shown in Table 5. 

Since 18 months are required for a crop to mature, only a part, 
possibly one-half, of the total cane acreage is actually harvested 
during one season. Ten plantations reported in 1913-14 a total 
cane area of 39,580 acres, of which 20,755 acres, or 52 per cent, were 
harvested during the year. 



FARMERS BULLETIN 605. 

Table 5. — The Hauaiiaii sugar campaigns ending Sept. SO, 1912-1914. 
[Figures for 1914 are subject to revision.] 





Facto- 
ries in 
operar 
tion. 


Aver- 
age 
length 
of cam- 
paign. 


Sugar 
made. 


Cane used for sugar. 


Average extraction of 
sugar. 


Island and year ending 
Sept. 30- 


Area 
har- 
vested. 


Aver- 
age 

yield 
per 

acre. 


Produc- 
tion (cane 
crushed). 


Per 
cent of 
cane. 


Per 
short 
ton of 
cane. 


Per 
acre of 

har- 
vested 
cane. 


Hawaii: 

1914 


Num- 
ber. 
23 
24 

24 

9 
9 
9 

7 
7 
7 

7 

10 
10 


Days. 
174 
170 
204 

214 
198 
206 

167 
152 
192 

188 
157 
200 


Short 
tons. 
213, 000 
197,212 
209, 914 

121,000 
100, 340 
96, 845 

145,000 
124, 820 
148, 740 

133,000 
124, 152 
139, 539 


Acres. 
51,000 
53,600 
52,900 

21,600 
20,800 
18,900 

19,400 
19, 700 
19,400 

20,700 
20,500 
21,800 


Short 

tons. 

36 

32 

34 

50 
42 
43 

54 
47 
55 

53 
49 
50 


Short 

tons. 
1,854,000 
1,'J03,000 
1,799,000 

1,089,000 
841,000 
807, 000 

1,054,000 

929,000 

1,074,000 

1,097,000 
1,003,000 
1,094,000 


Per 

cent. 

11.49 

11.58 

11.67 

11.11 
11.93 
12.00 

13.76 
13.44 
13.85 

12.12 

12.38 
12.75 


Pounds. 
230 
232 
233 

222 
239 
240 

275 
269 

277 

242 

248 
255 


Pounds. 
8,353 


1913 


7,364 


1912 


7,936 


Kauai: 

1914 


11,204 


1913 


9,665 


1912 


10, 248 


Maui: 

1914 


14,948 


1913 


12, 684 


1912 


15, 334 


Oahu: 

1914 


12,850 


1913 


12, 153 


1912 


12, 802 






Territory of Hawaii: 

1914 . . .. 


46 
50 
50 


183 
169 
200 


612, 000 
546, 524 
595,038 


112,700 
114,600 
113,000 


45 
39 
42 


5,094,000 
4,476,000 
4,774,000 


12.01 
12.21 
12.46 


240 
244 
249 


10, 861 


1913 


9,544 


1912 


10, 532 







INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE CROP REPORT. 

Reports to the International Institute of Agriculture from seven 
countries show a total area sown to winter wheat, in the autumn of 
1914, of 85,600,000 acres, or 14 per cent more than was sown in 1913. 
The countries included in this report are British India, Canada, 
Denmark, England and Wales, Italy, Luxemburg, Switzerland, and 
the United States. 

The production of wheat in 1914-15 in Argentina, Chile, and 
Australia is reported by the International Institute as 246,000,000 
bushels; in 1913-14 these crops equaled 230,000,000 bushels. An 
abnormally small crop in Australia in 1914-15 (only 28.5 per cent of 
the 1913-14 crop) was more than compensated by good crops in 
Argentina and Chile, leaving a net increase in the three countries in 
1914-15 of 7 per cent over 1913-14. 



TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops increased about 2.5 per cent during February; in the 
past seven years the price level has increased during February 1.6 
per cent. 

On March 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 7.6 per cent 
higher than a year ago, 27.1 per cent higher than two years ago, and 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 7 

12.0 per cent higher than the average of the past seven years on 
March 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals decreased 1.7 per cent during the month from January 15 to 
February 15. This compares with an average increase from January 
15 to February 15 in the past five years of 1.4 per cent. 

On February 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — 
hogs, cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $6.46 per 100 pounds, which 
compares with S7.27 a year ago, $6.70 two years ago, $5.54 three 
years ago, $6.19 four years ago, and $6.71 five years ago on Feb- 
ruary 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 12 to 15. 



STOCKS OF WOOL IN MANUFACTURERS' HANDS. 

The first inquiry made by the Department of Agriculture as to 
stocks of wool held by manufacturers on January 1 resulted in 
replies from manufacturers whose total purchases in 1914 amounted 
to 158,169,000 poimds of wool (raw equivalent). Their stocks on 
January 1, 1915, amoimted to 39,995,000 pounds, which equals 
25.3 per cent of their purchases last year. Their stocks on January 
1, 1914, were 22,933,000 pounds. The manufacturers reporting had, 
therefore, in the aggregate, nearly 75 per cent more wool on January 
1, 1915, than on January 1, 1914. 



TIME OF TRANSIT TO ENGLAND THROUGH PANAMA CANAL. 

The average time of transit for steamships from United States 
Pacific coast ports to England is about one-half what it was before 
the opening of the Panama Canal. Grain ships arriving at British 
ports from August, 1914, to February 13, 1915, from San Francisco, 
Portland, Oreg., and Puget Sound averaged 48 days for a voyage. 
Of 27 voyages, the shortest was 34 days and the longest 88. Only 
3, however, exceeded 54 days. 

Most of the grain exported from the Pacific coast is carried in 
steamships this season (1914-15). Last season (1913-14) most of 
the export grain from the Pacific coast was carried in sail vessels, 
whose voyages to British ports averaged 136 days. Of 22 cargoes, 
the shortest time of transit was 102 days and the longest 171 days. 
In 1913-14 the average time of transit for steamships carrying grain 
over these routes was 94 days, or nearly double the average for the 
first part of 1914-15. 



8 TARMEES BULLETIN 665. 

COUNTRIES PROHIBITING CEREAL EXPORTS. 

Exports of various articles of food have been prohibited by many 
countries since the outbreak of the present European war. The 
International Institute of Agriculture gives the following list of 
countries from which it is forbidden to export certain articles: 

Cereals generally are forbidden to be shipped out of Austria- 
Hungary, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Great 
Britain and Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Roumania, Sweden, Switz- 
erland, Egypt, Tunis, Union of South Africa, Australia (except to 
Great Britain and Ireland), New Zealand, and, to some extent, out 
of Canada and Russia. The regulations of some of the countries 
differ as to what cereals are prohibited, what countries of destina- 
tion are affected, and as to other details. 

Great Britain and Ireland, also Switzerland, prohibit the export 
of all foodstuffs. 



WAGES OF FARM LABOR. 

The money wages of farm labor averaged during the past year 
about 1.7 per cent lower than during the preceding year, but about 
9 per cent higher than five years ago. 

The wages per month without board averaged, for the United 
States, $29.88 during the past year, which compares with $30.31 in 
the preceding year, $27.43 five years ago, and $19.97 fifteen years ago. 
State averages last year ranged from $16.50 in South Carolina to $56 
in Nevada. 

Wages per month, including board, averaged $21.05, compared with 
$21.38 in the preceding year, $20.01 five years ago, and $13.90 fifteen 
years ago. State averages last year ranged from $12 in South Caro- 
lina to $39 in Nevada. 

Day labor other than harvest, without board, averaged $1.45 a day, 
compared with $1.50 the preceding year and $1.29 five years ago. 
State averages ranged from $0.82 in South Carolina to $2.54 in 
Montana. 

Day labor other than harvest, with board, averaged $1.13, compared 
with $1.16 a year ago and $1.03 five years ago. State averages 
ranged from $0.64 in South Carolina to $1.80 in Montana. 

Day labor at harvest time, without board, averaged $1.91, compared 
with $1.94 a year ago and $1.71 five years ago. State averages 
ranged from $1.06 in Mississippi to $3.25 in North Dakota. 

Day labor at harvest time, with board, averaged $1.55, compared 
with $1.57 a year ago and $1.43 five years ago. State averages 
ranged from $0.82 in Mississippi to $2.68 in North Dakota. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 

The reductions in wages as compared with the preceding year were 
greatest in the Southern States, due largely to the depression in the 
cotton market; but all sections showed some reduction, although a 
few States showed slight advances in some kinds of employment. 



FARM LABOR EMPLOYMENT SERVICE. 

A system of distribution of wage earners, established by the 
Department of Labor of the United States, is now in operation and 
prepared to receive applications for help, skilled and unskilled. On 
January 22 the Department of Labor pubhshed the following notice: 

To WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: The Department of Labor, through the Division of 
Information of the Bureau of Immigration, has recently established distribution 
branches throughout the country for the purpose on the one hand of developing the 
welfare of the wage earners of the United States and improving their opportunities for 
profitable employment, and on the other hand of affording to employers a method 
whereby they may make application for such help as they need, either male or female, 
citizens or alien residents, and have their wants supplied through said distribution 
branches. No fee is charged employer or employee for this service. 

The Post Office Department and the Department of Agriculture are cooperating with 
the Department of Labor in this work. The plan provides for placing in every post 
office in the United States the blanks of the Division of Information, so that persona 
seeking employment and employers in need of help may apply at their local post 
offices for the appropriate blanks on which to make application. 

Realizing that the distribution of these blanks in this way will in all probability 
result in the filLug of many applications for employment, it has been deemed advisable 
to commimicate directly with industrial establishments, farmers, and other employers 
of labor, for the purpose of securing profitable employment for applicants. 

There is accordingly sent you herewith a form of application which, in the event of 
your needing help, may be filled out and returned in the accompanying envelope 
without postage. Careful attention will be given to the selection of applicants with a 
view to directing to employers only such help as is specified in the applications 
received . 

If you are not in need of help — skilled or unskilled — at the present time the inclosed 
blank may be retained for future use. 

(Signed; W. B. Wilson, Secretary. 

The cooperation by the Department of iigriculture, referred to 
above, does not involve more than giving wide publicity among 
farmers to the service undertaken by the Department of Labor. 

85305°— Bull. 665—15 2 



10 FABMEES' BULLETIN 665. 

If a farmer wishes to hire some farm hiborers he can secure an 
appHcation blank from his nearest post office. The following is a 
form of such blank: 

For Use in Making Application for Farm Help. 



U. S. Department of Labor. 

BUREAU of immigration, DIVISION OF INFORMATION, WASHINGTON. 

Division No 

Branch No (farm laborers.) 

Read carefully notations on back hereof before attempting to fill out this blank. Write name and address 

plainly. 

Date 

1. Employer: Post office 

(Name.) 

County of State of 

Telegraph office Railroad station 

2. References: 

3. Number of men you wish to hire: 

4. (a) Nature of duties: 

(State whether truck farm, stock farm, or dairy.) 

(b) State number of cows each man must milk: 

5. (a) Nationalities acceptable: 

(State whether or not knowledge of English is necessary.) 

(6) Will English-speaking men of any other nationality be acceptable? 

(c) Do you desire experienced help or "gi-een hands "? 

6. (a) Married or single men preferred: 

(h) Do you require that married men be accompanied by wives? 

(c) Will children be objectionable? 

7. (a) Will you advance transportation from points within the United States? 

(b) If so, will amount be deducted later from employee's wages? 

(f) Will you refund the money so deducted after a period of service, and, if eo, 

under what conditions? 

8. (a) What money wage will fgreenhand? $--^;^^----- I - - .^-^-^-^^- - - - per month; 

you pay married man.] experienced hand? $........ $ per month; 

(Winter.) (Summer.) 
and will house (furnished or unfurnished), garden patch, fuel, milk, etc., be 

provided free in addition to wages? 

(6) Would services of wife be required, and, if so, her duties and compensation 
therefor? 

(c) What wages will you payjg-en hand? $. . .^^^.. . . $. . ^.^^.^. . . .per month; 

single man [experienced hand? $ $ per month; 

(Winter.) (Summer.) 
and will board, lodging, washing, etc., be furnished free in addition to 

wages? 

(Yes or no.) 

(d) Winter pay to Summer pay to 

(Date.) (Date.) (Date.) (Date.) 

9. When will services of this help be required? 

(State day and month when you desire help to arrive.) 

10. Hours of labor: 

11. Will employment be permanent? 

12. Size of farm or place, Under cultivation, Number of men 

(Acres.) (Acres.) 

on place, 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 11 

13. Do you employ extra hands for any part of the year; if so, how many; for what 

kind of work; at what pay; when, and for how long a period of time? 

14. Remarks: 

It is agreed that the undersigned will keep the division informed as to need of men 
applied for above, and advise by telegraph (at emj^Ioyer's expense) in case said help 
is secured through other sources; this in order that men may not be directed and 
find position filled upon arrival. 

(Sign here) 

(Note.— Additional sheets may be used if necessary.) 



READ CAREFULLY BEFORE FILLING OUT BLANK. 

I^^N. B. — The party filling out this blank may return same to the postmas- 
ter or transmit same through the rural mail carrier or through the officer in 
charge of any branch post office, whereupon it will be forwarded to destina- 
tion free of charge for postage. If transmitted otherwise the usual postage 
will be required. 

In addition to answering carefully all the questions on this blank, your especial 
attention is called to the following: 

Question 4. Nature of duties.— Define whether a "farmer" or a "farm laborer" 
is wanted. A "farmer" will be understood to mean one who is competent to take 
charge of and operate a farm without supervision. A "farm laborer" will be under- 
stood to mean one who has had some experience, but is to work under the immediate 
direction and supervision of the employer. If a "green hand" (one who has had no 
experience at farm work, but willing to learn) will be accepted as a farm laborer, it 
should be so stated. Also make it clear whether you operate a "dairy farm, " "stock 
farm, " "truck farm, " etc. If immigrant help is acceptable, so state. "Experienced " 
are those with experience in native land, or in the United States; "green, " those with 
no farming experience. 

Question 5. Nationalities preferred.— As much scope as possible should be 
allowed in the matter of nationalities which would be acceptable to you. Always 
state whether or not a knowledge of English is necessary. 

Question 6. Married or single men preferred.- If your preference be for a man 
and wife, state whether or not a single man will answer, provided we are unable to 
supply the married couples. This is asked because at times there is a scarcity of the 
latter. 

Question 7. Will you advance transportation from points within United 
States? — The necessity for this question is due to the fact that many good men apply at 
our branch offices who would willingly go to distant points, hut are unable to do so ivith- 
out aid from the prospective employer. Such advance would, of course, be made through 
a representative of this division, who would see that the employee was properly ticketed 
and then mail his baggage check direct to the employer interested, which ivould serve some- 
what as a precaution against an employee going astray. 

It must be distinctly understood, however, that the responsibility of the division and its 
representative ends when the said employee has been placed upon the train or boat. No 
guaranty is given or implied that he will actually arrive at his destination. (See circular 
on this subject.) 

Question 8. Wages.— This question must not be left unanswered, because of the 
fact that an employee wants to know as to the wages he is to receive before accepting 
an offer, and this point should be definitely stated. If wages are stated at so much 
per day, it should be made clear whether employee is paid for every day in the mouth 
or only for such days as work can be performed. Also approximate pay received per 
week or month in such case. 



12 FARMEES' BULLETIN 665. 

All communications relative hereto should be addressed: 

Division op Information, 
Bureau of Immigration, Department of Labor, 

Washington, D. C. 

this service is free to employer and employee. 

Persons who wish, employment on a farm can secure from an}'^ 
post office an application blank, as shown below: 

Application for Employment. 

u. s. department of labor, bureau of immigration, division of information, 

washington. 

^^lien you shall have filled out this blank please return same to the postmaster, or 
transmit same through the rural mail carrier or through the officer in charge of any 
branch post office, whereupon it will be forwarded to the proper officer of the Depart- 
ment of Labor for action. No postage necessary when thus returned. If transmitted 
otherwise the usual postage will be required. You will be notified when work of the 
iind desired is available. This service is FREE. 

T. V. Powderly, 

Chief of Division. 

Date 

Name and address 

Age Height feet inches. Weight pounds. Sex Race 

Where born (name of country) 

If oi foreign birth, how many years have you been in the United States? 

Trade or calling Experience 

Wages expected Other work will be accepted as 

Wages expected What experience have you had in this other work? 

Are you a citizen of the United States? 

If married, names of wife or husband and children 

Will family accompany you (yes or no)? If so, is wife able and willing to 

accept employment as domestic? 

How much money would you pay for railroad tickets? 

What languages do you speak? 

Name and address of last employer 

Wages received Cause of loss of position 

Name and address of one other employer 

Wages received Cause of loss of position 

Are you strong and robust (yes or no)? If you have any ailment or physical 

disabiUty, state just what it is 

How long have you been idle? In what States will you accept 

employment? 

If you are a farm hand, state kind of farming you have done, where service was per- 
formed, and the number of cows you can milk 

(Sign here) 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



13 



U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Immigration, Division of Information, 

Washington, D. C. 

Address list of distribution branches, showing territory controlled by each. 

[Address all communications as follows: " Distribution Branch, U. S. Immigration Service " (at the address 

shown below).] 



Zone 

No. 


Location of branch. 


Local address. 


States or territory controlled. 


1 


Boston, Mass 






2 


New York, N. Y 

Philadelphia, Pa 


U.S. Barge Office 


New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, 
New Hampshire, Vermont. 


3 


Gloucester City , N. J 

Stewart Building. 


4 


Baltimore, Md 


gmia. 


5 


Norfolk, Va. 


119 West Main Street 


Virginia, North Carolina. 

Florida^ Georgia, Alabama, South 

Carolma. 
Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, 

Tennessee. 


6 


Jacksonville, Fla 


7 


New Orleans, La 


Immigration Station 

.do 


8 


(ralveston, Tex 


g 


Cleveland, Ohio 


Post-Offlce Building 

845 South Wabash Avenue. . 

Federal Building 


Ohio, Kentucky. 

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wiscon- 
sin. 


10 


Chicago, III 


11 


Minneapolis, Minn 


12 


St. Louis, Mo 




Dakota. 


13 


Denver, Colo 


Central Savings Bank Build- 
ing. 

Pov.er Building 

Fifteenth Avenue West and 

Main Street. 
Railway Exchange Building 


Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, Utah. 


14 


Helena, Mont 


15 


Seattle, Vv'ash 


Washington. 
Oregon. 


16 


Portland, Oreg 


17 




18 




Post-Office Building 


boundary of San Luis Obispo, 
Kern, and San Bernardino Coun- 
ties; also State of Nevada. 






boundary of San Luis Obispo, 
Kern, and San Bernardino Coun- 
ties; also State of Arizona. 



January 4, 1915. 

Reserve this list for reference. 



A. Caminetti, 
Commissioner General of Immigration. 



APPLES IN COLD STORAGE MARCH 1, 1915, AND PROGRESS OF MOVE- 
MENT. 

Contribution from the Office of Markets and Rural Organization. 

Reports as of March 1, 1915, have been received from 289 cold stor- 
ages having an approximate capacity of 7,074,580 barrels, showing the 
quantity of barreled and boxed apples held by them on that date. 
The following statement is for these 289 cold storages, March 1, 1915: 



289 cold storages. 


Barrels. 


Boxes. 


Equivalent 
in barrels. 


In storage Mar. 1, 1915 


1,378,874 


1,730,662 


1,955,761 







14 



FAEMEES BULLETIN 665. 



Of the 289 storages reporting on March 1, 216, having an approxi- 
mate capacity of 5,809,431 barrels, reported their holdings on March 
1, 1913. Their holdings were as follows: 



216 cold storages. 



In storage Mar. 1, 1913 1, 045, 249 1 , 784, 312 

In storage Mar. 1, 1915 1, 026, 397 1 , 561 , 375 



Barrels. 



Boxes. 



Equivalent 
in barrels. 



1,640,020 
1,546,855 



From the above it appears that there were 5.7 per cent less apples 
in storage in these houses on March 1, 1915, than on March 1, 1913. 

Of the 289 storages reporting for March 1, only 221, having an 
approximate capacity of 5,657,209 barrels, reported on February 1. 
Their holdings on these dates were as follows: 



221 cold storages. 



Barrels. 



In storage Feb. 1, 1915 1,588,425 2,158,759 

In storage Mar. 1, 1915 1, 086,820 1, 533, 952 




2,308,011 
1,598,137 



The decrease during February, 1915, is 501,605 barrels and 624,807 
boxes, which is equivalent to 709,874 barrels. 

This is a decrease of 31.6 per cent in barreled apples and 28.9 per 
cent in boxed apples, or a total of 30.8 per cent of all apples in storage 
February 1, 1915. 

Of the 289 storages reporting for March 1, only 165, having an 
approximate capacity of 4,000,350 barrels, reported on December 1, 
January 1, and February 1. Their holdings on these dates were as 
follows : 



165 cold storages. 



Barrels. 



Boxes. 



Equivalent 
in barrels. 



In storage Dec. 1, 1914. 
In storage Jan. 1, 1915. 
In storage Feb. 1, 1915. 
In storage Mar. 1, 1915. 



1,676,909 

1,539,127 

1,247,783 

878,059 



2,202,011 
2,055,537 
1,827,922 
1,313,011 



2,410.913 
2,224,306 
1,857,090 
1,315,929 



These 165 firms show a decrease during December, 1914, of 8.2 per 
cent in barreled apples and 6.7 per cent in boxed apples, or a total 
decrease of 7.7 per cent. 

During January, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 
17.4 per cent, of boxed apples 10.3 per cent, equivalent to a decrease 
of 15.2 per cent of the total holdings of December 1. 

During February, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 22 
per cent, of boxed apples 23.4 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 
22,4 per cent of the total holdings of December 1. 

During the months of December, 1914, January, 1915, and Feb- 
ruary, 1915, taken together, the decrease was 47.6 per cent in barreled 
apples, and 40.3 per cent in boxed apples, or a total decrease of 45.4 
per cent since December 1, 1914. 

This office will endeavor to issue on the 10th of next month a similar 
statement for the month of March. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



15 



STOCKS OF CEREALS AND AGGREGATE VALUE PER ACRE OF CROP 

PRODUCTION. 

Table 6. — Wheat: Estimated stocks on farms and in interior mills and elevators, price per 
bushel Mar. 1, 1915, and percentage of crop which moved out of county tvhere groivn, by 
States, with comparisons. 



State. 



Per cent of 

crop on farms 

Mar. 1. 



03 




P.c. 


P.C. 


■M) 


35 


80 


12 


23 


25 


IS 


21 


23 


30 


20 


21 


18 


16 


23 


22 


24 


27 


29 


28 


17 


20 


20 


22 


22 


28 


15 


20 


12 


17 


23 


26 


25 


36 


24 


29 


20 


26 


16 


17 


19 


19 


22 


27 


16 


22 


17 


12 


10 


13 


16 


16 


14 


15 


2 




11 


10 


10 


8 


17 


24 


19 


23 


20 


31 


IS 


24 


21 


15 


6 


12 


23 


28 


16 


28 


17 


19 


12 


12 


11 


11 


6 


13 


17.2 


19.9 



9 tA 



Quantity on farms 
Mar. 1, in thou- 
sands of bushels. 






Per cent of 
crop shipped 
out of county 
where grown. 



Quantity in interior 
mills and elevators 
Mar. 1, in thou- 
sands of bushels. 



Price per 
bushel to 
producers 
Mar. 1. 






Maine 

Vermont 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania. . . 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia.. 
North Carolina. 

South Carolina . 

Georgia 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota . . 
South Dakota.. 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States 



P.c. 
33 
30 
27 
25 
34 

25 
22 
27 
28 
30 

22 
22 

28 
21 
19 

26 
32 

-28 
31 
19 

23 
25 
28 
18 
17 

20 
17 
13 
11 
14 



1,863 

256 

5,462 

467 
2,368 
2, " 

850 
2,126 

156 
339 

8,038 
6,486 
5,550 

3,983 
878 
10,314 
3,013 
6,933 

15,502 
6,945 
10, 899 
30, 124 
1,254 

1,786 

56 



1,547 

4,798 

276 

3,488 
458 

2,036 
386 

52 

1,673 

213 

2,442 

5,021 

1,826 
408 



Bu 

35 

3 

1,700 

294 

6,570 

336 
1,296 
2,332 

810 
1, 

200 
374 

9,828 
7,960 
7,123 

3,328 
1,332 
19, 720 
4,264 
6,732 

14,991 
9,180 
13,706 
10, 440 
1,287 

1,344 

60 



1,360 

1,400 

312 

4,761 
682 

2,328 
180 

108 
1,792 

308 
2,679 
6,396 

1,727 
546 



Bu. 
31 

6 

1,861 

370 

6,909 

399 
1,985 
2,396 

749 
1,1 

168 

287 

8,113 

6,485 

6,197 

3,903 
1,092 
17, 504 
3,5S6 
5, .564 

19, 969 
9,969 
12, .365 
12, 585 
1,390 

1,470 

40 

13 

966 

2,108 

219 
3,431 

516 
2,194 

173 



1,568 

262 

2, 883 

6,337 

2,087 
735 



P.C. 

1 


29 
22 
35 

61 
62 
33 
10 

7 

2 

5 
50 

58 
57 

49 
25 
65 
70 
50 

70 
67 
70 
72 
34 

30 
3 
3 

48 
76 

14 

55 
17 
59 
20 



P.C. 


31 
30 
32 

53 
56 
32 
12 
4 

1 

6 
44 
52 
53 

40 
24 
59 

58 
43 

68 
65 
62 
54 
25 

28 
3 


48 
60 

14 
55 
25 
55 
15 

10 

28 
20 
54 
75 



P.c 


24 
27 
29 

55 
61 
31 
16 
5 

2 
4 
44 
50 
54 

41 
18 
66 
42 



Bu. 



972 



(1) 
0) 



Bu 

(') 

0) 

612 

0) 

3,935 

0) 

1,136 
1,591 
0) 
(') 

C) 

0) 

4,212 

4,773 

3,770 

1," 

476 
8,845 
1,312 
5,542 

8,674 
5,096 
5,609 
6,089 
1,972 

1,428 



Bu 

('^ 

(0 

536 
0) 
3,571 

G) 

898 
1,547 
(') 
0) 

(1) 

(1) 

1,464 

1,210 

982 

980 

463 

10, 726 

1,928 

4,275 

24, 449 
8,350 
4,955 
8,306 
1,166 

920 
0) 



Cts. 



Cts. 



Cts. 



2,320 
1,575 

0) 



0) 
0) 

0) 
0) 

9,594 



1,764 
3,215 



16,118 



130 
145 
144 
142 

145 
148 
142 
144 
150 

146 
146 
141 
142 
134 

139 
132 
126 
137 
137 

134 
128 
131 
133 
142 

143 
130 



139 
130 

133 
120 
116 
120 
112 

135 
121 
135 
122 
128 

128 
131 



95 



22.6 



152, 903 



151,812 



150,650 



60.7 



53.9 



85,955 



93, 626 



118,400 



133.6 



102 
100 
100 
100 

100 
100 
105 
105 
113 



124 121 
117 124 



90 
90 

85 
94 

86 
85 
81 
87 
100 

107 
117 
110 
101 
90 

95 

77 
92 
81 
102 

108 
80 

101 
74 

80 

83 
96 



89.0 



• Not estimated separately, but included in total. 



16 



FARMEES BULLETIN 665. 



Table 7. — Corn: Estimated stocks on farms, price per bushel Mar. 1, 1916, percentage 
of crop which moved out of county tvhere grown, and percentage of crop which is of mer- 
chantable quality, by States, with comparisons. 



State. 


Per cent of 

crop on farms 

Mar. 1. 


Quantity on farms Mar. 
1, in thousands of 
bushels. 


Per cent of 
crop shipped 
out of county 
where grown. 


Per cent of 
crop mer- 
chantable. 


Price per 
bushel to 
producers 

Mar. 1. 




OS 




11 

1 <s 

2k; 


OS 


OS 


IS® 

C3 ho 

' & 


in 

OS 


OS 


c3 'S 

1 <s> 
1— t a 


lO 

Cs 


OS 

P.C. 
65 
64 
61 
72 
71 

73 
59 

88 
83 
85 

80 
84 
81 
87 
91 

90 

88 
81 
84 
75 

78 
78 
85 
90 
56 

68 
89 
83 
45 
75 

81 
87 
89 
77 
74 

65 
79 

85 
78 
86 

75 

75 
80 


>>^ 

1 to 

1—1 CT 

P.C. 

79 
78 
75 
80 
82 

83 

72 
88 
80 
87 

84 
84 
78 
86 
90 

89 
85 
82 
84 

87 

73 
75 
73 
86 
81 

66 
82 
90 
83 
82 

86 
87 
87 
82 
81 

79 
82 
82 
73 
79 

80 
84 
75 


OS 

Cts. 
89 
86 
84 
81 

104 

92 
90 
80 
83 
73 

86 
93 
93 
94 
97 

93 

89 
73 
70 

68 

73 
71 
62 
65 
76 

67 
62 
64 

74 
77 

81 
93 
83 
88 
96 

83 
93 

87 
85 
68 

100 
92 

'ii5 

80 

98 
100 
109 


OS 

Cts. 
85 
80 
74 
79 

77 
80 
77 
71 
70 

68 
83 
86 
93 
101 

93 

81 
63 
61 
60 

66 
59 
50 
56 
72 

57 
54 
60 
71 
79 

82 
93 

81 
79 
87 

75 

82 

'"75 

68 

77 
108 

74 




Maine 


P.c. 

17 
18 
20 
27 
35 

26 
27 
43 
35 
46 

44 
39 
30 
48 
49 

52 
31 
32 
36 
33 

31 

27 
29 
36 
24 

19 
30 

41 

27 

38 

41 
48 
44 
34 
23 

20 
27 
15 
10 

38 

30 
15 
15 
5 
13 

17 
9 
14 


P.C. 

17 
21 
24 
28 
47 

30 
23 
44 
38 
43 

42 
44 
33 
48 
53 

53 
42 
37 
37 
36 

32 
37 
35 
37 
22 

20 
31 
24 
6 
34 

42 

47 
48 
38 
30 

18 
36 
28 
17 
32 

18 
16 
16 


P.C. 

21 
26 

28 
31 
40 

31 
29 
42 
37 

44 

43 
44 
33 
46 
51 

47 
39 
38 
40 
42 

34 
32 
34 
43 
36 

20 
35 
40 
31 
40 

42 
45 
43 
35 
31 

30 
38 
19 
18 
27 

21 
18 
20 


Bush. 
125 
174 
423 
609 
162 

730 

6,088 

4,503 

21, 762 

3,262 

10, 794 
15, 358 
6,808 
27,624 
17,904 

29,120 
3,472 
45,669 
58, 794 
99,011 

19,530 
18, 863 
26,390 
140,193 
38,016 

2,660 
23,400 
71,320 
29,221 
34,675 

32,964 
26,634 
25,641 
13,124 
28,704 

10,000 

11,340 

210 

52 

4,038 

773 

86 

63 

2 

77 

165 

59 

302 


Bush. 
102 
168 
408 
532 
188 

690 

3,450 

4,796 

21,698 

2,666 

9,282 
22,660 

7,491 
26,544 
20,405 

33,390 
4,242 
54,131 
65,268 
101,592 

17,952 
24,716 
33,600 
125, 171 
28,402 

2,160 
20,863 
27,408 

1,404 
25, 432 

28,854 
26,038 
30,240 
15, 884 
48,960 

9,396 

16,920 

252 

85 

2,016 

288 

80 

48 



40 

150 

78 

252 


Bush. 
151 

279 
532 
657 
189 

898 

5,559 

4,152 

20,352 

2,438 

9,143 
19,489 

6,153 
21,980 
16,427 

24,755 

3,313 

60,584 

74,267 

150,043 

18,413 
18,719 
27,233 
147,296 
71,309 

1,412 
19, 165 
64,336 
44,495 
35,298 

33, 758 
21,787 
22,799 
13,454 
35,448 

19,154 

18,217 

120 

55 

1,844 

349 
73 
49 

1 
42 

133 

70 

221 


P.C. 

1 




2 


2 

12 
9 

32 

25 
7 
4 
4 
3 

3 
5 
20 
25 
34 

6 

4 

26 

34 

6 

3 
30 
29 
12 

6 

11 
3 
6 

12 

7 

12 
3 
3 

1 
15 

12 
4 
2 

2 

5 

1 

15 


P.C. 



1 


1 

1 


2 

15 
7 

35 

20 

8 
4 
3 
2 

6 
4 

23 
29 
35 

5 

5 

25 

30 

5 

3 
35 
15 

1 
5 

9 
2 
4 
6 
6 

12 
3 
3 
1 

15 

3 
10 
3 

3 

5 
2 
17 


P.C. 




1 

1 

1 

2 

16 

7 

37 

28 

10 

5 

4 

3 

3 
2 

24 
32 

44 

5 

• 3 

16 

2 

28 
35 
20 
10 

15 
3 
3 
6 

8 

24 
3 
2 


10 

5 
6 
4 

2 

4 
2 
19 


P.C. 

77 
75 
68 
80 
84 

83 

77 
89 
88 
88 

87 
81 
82 
86 
90 

86 
83 
86 
87 
85 

83 
82 
88 
93 
66 

76 
93 
93 
83 
73 

81 
85 
84 
83 
74 

75 

82 
80 
78 
91 

88 
85 
78 
85 
80 

80 
75 
90 


cts. 
76 


New Hampshire 


73 
70 


Massachusetts 

Khode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 


74 
89 

74 
71 


New Jersey 


70 


Pennsylvania 


68 
63 


Maryland 


65 


Virginia 


76 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 


77 
87 
93 

87 


Florida 


86 


Ohio 


.57 


Indiana 


.53 


Illinois 


53 


Michigan 


.59 




.56 


Minnesota 


47 


Iowa 


48 




.59 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


57 
47 
49 




.57 


Kentucky 


69 


Tennessee 


71 


Alabama 


84 




78 


Louisiana 


73 




79 


Oklahoma 


63 




75 


Montana 


96 


Wyoming 


62 


Colorado 


63 


New Mexico 

Ari7.ona 


92 
110 


Utah 


77 


Idaho 


10 

15 
13 
14 


15 

16 
12 
14 


87 

78 
80 
85 


88 

82 
81 
89 


73 

71 

77 
86 


74 


Washington 

Oregon 


79 

88 


California 


84 






United States. 


34.1 


35.4 


39.1 


910,894 


866,392 


1,036,611 


18.6 


17.2 


21.7 


84.5 


80.1 


84.2 


75.169.1 


60.0 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 17 

Table 8. — Oats: Estimated stocLs on farms, price per bushel Mar. 1, 1915, and percetitage 
of crop which Tnoved out of county where grown, by States, with comparisons. 



State. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts... 
Rhode Island . . . 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania . . . 
Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia... 
North Carolina.. 
South Carolina. . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota... 
South Dakota... 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

M evada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 



United States.. 33.2 



Per cent of crop 
on farms Mar. 1. 



1915 



P.ct. 
34 

24 
35 
25 
26 

20 
38 
35 
39 
20 

25 
23 
24 
18 
15 

19 
15 
31 
24 
29 

40 
36 
37 
37 
26 

43 
42 
42 
33 
23 

24 
15 
15 
10 
21 

23 

25 
.29 
30 
33 

25 
20 
37 
23 
21 

20 
23 
12 



P.ct. 
36 
28 
38 
24 
27 

27 
43 
35 
42 
25 

26 
30 

28 
20 

18 

19 
15 
36 
29 
37 

39 

45 
44 
40 
28 

47 
43 
38 
23 
23 

■ 26 
14 
16 
15 

22 

25 

27 
46 
35 
35 

20 
23 
32 
31 
32 

33 
33 
15 



10- 
year 
aver- 



P.ct. 
34 
31 

38 
32 
31 

26 
43 
40 
40 
27 

28 
31 

32 
22 
17 

16 
16 
36 
31 
35 



37.4 37.4 379,369 



Quantity on farms Mar. 
1, in thousands of 
bushels. 



Bu. 

1,966 
109 

1,175 
83 
14 

64 

15,262 

680 

12,554 

22 

290 
681 
504 
788 
1,125 

1,710 

135 

15,601 

10, 773 

36, 537 

20,301 
22, 356 
31,494 
61,050 
6,708 

27,909 
18, 549 
29,232 
19,457 
845 

1,932 

1,287 

552 

161 

4,725 

6,958 
1,560 
5,380 
2,362 
4,290 

494 

67 

1,758 

155 
3,068 

2,792 

2,930 

924 



1914 



Bu. 

2,016 
112 

1,178 
72 
14 

81 

18,361 

700 

15,036 

25 

338 
1,260 

784 

900 

1,530 

1,748 

135 

19, 584 

10, 556 

38,517 

17, 650 
37,350 
49, 544 
67,360 
7,420 

27, 166 

18,103 

22, G48 

7,889 

736 

1,638 
938 
448 
150 

7,150 

4,625 

1,728 
10, 028 
2,940 
3,745 

300 

69 

1,312 

155 
4,832 

4,686 
5,016 



419, 463 



5-year 
aver- 



Bu. 

1,681 
138 

1,061 
89 
17 

90 

16, 525 

735 

13, 783 

26 

334 

1,112 

712 

733 

1,297 

1,297 

118 

23,978 

17,358 

51,877 

18, 045 
32, 907 
39, 829 
68, 451 
10,297 

27,646 
15, 598 
22,356 
13,838 
912 

1,526 
686 
342 
121 

4,397 

4,967 
1,195 
7,981 
2,354 
3,325 

309 

40 

1,299 

109 
4,493 

3,734 

3,756 

873 



424,347 



Per cent of crop 

shipped out of 

county where 

grown. 



1915 


1914 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


I 


2 


1 


3 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 











5 


7 


8 


13 


8 


5 


10 


10 


12 


15 


5 


7 


3 


2 


2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


6 


1 


2 


35 


31 


42 


43 


47 


45 


23 


23 


20 


17 


30 


28 


49 


44 


10 


10 


18 


14 


30 


25 


29 


17 


15 


2 


4 


2 


16 


15 


3 


2 


6 


2 


5 


3 


28 


32 


24 


18 


5 


5 


31 


28 


14 


25 


27 


30 


25 


15 


10 


10 


25 


31 


17 


16 


42 


41 


41 


45 


34 


32 


35 


50 


29.4 


26.5 



10- 
year 
aver- 



P.ct. 
2 
1 
1 
1 



7 

13 
7 

10 

12 
7 
3 
2 
4 

4 
3 
32 
44 

50 

26 
18 
29 
41 
15 

16 
27 
32 
13 
6 

17 

2 

1 

1 

25 

22 

3 

34 

15 

27 

11 
12 
27 
16 
44 

42 
34 
42 



Price per bushel 

to producers 

Mar. 1. 



29.4 



Cts. 
66 
69 
65 
62 
60 

64 
62 
60 
59 
55 



52.1 



18 



FARMEES BULLETIN 665. 



Table 9. — Barley: Estimated stocks on farvis, price per bushel Mar. 1, 1915, and per- 
centage of crop vjhich moved out of county where grown, by States, with comparisons. 



State. 


Per cent of crop on 
farms Mar. 1. 


Quantity on farms, 

Mar. 1, in thousands 

of bushels. 


Per cent of crop 

shipped out of 

county where 

grown. 


Price per bushel 

to producers, 

Mar. 1. 




1915 


1914 


1913 


1915 


1914 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


1914 


1913 


1915 


1914 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 




P.c. 

24 
7 
25 
26 
23 

15 

10 
26 
23 

27 

26 
24 
26 
22 
20 

25 
26 
30 
33 
10 

15 
30 
11 

22 
30 

26 
30 
10 
26 
20 

19 
19 
15 
13 


P.c. 

20 
20 
25 
23 
27 

14 
17 
27 
22 
28 

25 
32. 
31 
23 
20 

27 
23 
21 
25 
7 

6 
15 
12 
30 
25 

25 
20 
19 
• 25 
25 

23 
23 
21 
15 


P.c. 

23 
25 
25 
33 
28 

10 
18 
32 
30 
38 

27 
33 
34 
29 
35 

31 

25 

31 

44 

9 

6 
26 
15 
44 
45 

35 
12 
24 
29 
30 

25 
20 
24 
16 


Bu. 

36 

2 

104 

546 

45 

25 
29 

228 
46 

438 

608 

4,423 

8,240 

2,059 

24 

7,069 

5,083 

797 

1,940 

14 

20 

60 

19 

470 

158 

1,031 
51 
126 
374 
122 

1,336 

1,349 

549 

5,468 


Bu. 

28 
6 
90 
473 
49 

20 
49 

259 
44 

393 

527 

5,981 

10, 788 

2,300 

22 

6,885 

3,856 

370 

486 

6 

3 

25 

8 

558 

99 

812 
19 
282 
289 
123 

1,739 

1,677 

882 

4,972 


Bu. 

28 

4 

96 

528 

56 

17 
44 

160 
53 

469 

488 

5,576 

8,939 

3,069 

35 

6,179 

3,861 

494 

940 

9 

9 

19 

26 

394 

100 

650 
12 
212 
238 
128 

1,327 

1,313 

819 

5,162 


P.c. 

1 


14 
5 

5 

7 

40 

20 

45 

19 
40 
56 
62 
10 

45 
55 
30 
30 

4 

15 

10 

9 

21 
4 

22 
5 
35 
35 
20 

44 
50 
25 
45 


P.c. 

1 



1 

16 

5 
6 
28 
45 
40 

21 
42 
53 
60 


50 
61 
21 
20 
5 

10 
10 

5 
40 

5 

20 
10 
40 
35 
10 

45 
68 
31 
50 


P.c. 
1 



20 
10 

5 

7 

38 

40 

41 

25 
41 
60 
60 
19 

65 
64 
16 
20 
20 


15 
16 
38 
25 

25 
10 
20 
30 
20 

31 
50 
40 
60 


Cts. 

"'go' 

97 
83 
80 

81 

"'62' 
65 
71 

75 
73 
63 

68 


Cts. 
76 
80 
75 
71 
75 

62 
70 
56 
50 
56 

65 
53 
47 
52 


Cts. 
80 


New Hampshire 


81 
80 


New York 


77 


Pennsylvania 

Maryland 


72 
62 




66 


Ohio 


66 




60 




64 


Michigan 


68 


Wisconsin 


70 


Minnesota.. 


63 




04 


Missouri 


70 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


60 

62 
54 
59 

84 

95 
71 
80 
65 
69 

69 

78 
65 
57 
97 

60 
76 
76 
76 


40 
45 
48 
54 
70 

90 
73 

77 
55 
64 

56 
75 
60 
55 
80 

50 
51 
57 
60 


55 
60 
53 


Kansas 


59 


Kentucky 


73 


Tennessee 


83 




87 


Oklahoma 


62 




63 


Wyoming 


71 


Colorado 


60 


New Mexico 


73 


Arizona 


71 


Utah 


64 


Nevada 


81 


Idaho 


54 


Washington 


60 


Oregon 


63 


California 


68 






United States. . 


22.0 


24.8 


27.8 


42,889 


44,126 


41,454 


45.1 


48.4 


53.7 


67.7 


51.1 


62,9 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 19 

AGGREGATE VALUE PER ACRE OF CROPS, BY STATES, 1909-1914. 

Table 10. — Aggregate value per acre of crop production. 

[The tabulation below gives the average value per acre of 12 leading crops (corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, 
buckwheat, potatoes, hay, flaxseed, cotton, rice, and tobacco) which represent more than 90 per cent of 
the total area of all crops, and which closely approximate the value per acre of all crops. For compari- 
son the value of all crops which had acreage reports in the census of 1909 is also given.] 



State and division. 



Value per acre. 



12 crops combined. 



1914 



1913 



1912 



1911 



1910 



Census, 
1909 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Oliio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United States 

Geographic division: 

North Atlantic , 

South Atlantic 

North Central, East. 
North Central, West 

South Central 

Western 



$22. 15 
22.58 
20.20 
36.20 
32.07 

41.50 
21.06 
28.76 
22.13 
22.43 

23.25 
18.12 
20. 61 
20.18 

17.88 

14.69 
17.39 
19.79 
17.27 
16.25 

18.96 
18.53 
13.19 
17.92 
13.96 

11.10 
10.79 
14.19 
15.66 
20.22 

16.75 
14.16 
13.68 
15.40 
13.48 

12.21 
14.01 
18.23 

18.54 
18.97 

23.58 
29.34 
22.72 
29.70 
20.90 

23.96 
19.87 
18.40 



16.34 



22.83 
17.82 
17.79 
14.28 
14.40 
20.35 



$23. 72 
20.44 
20.78 
32.34 
32.25 

37.63 
19.33 
29.02 
21.34 

18.47 

18.85 
23.69 
21.67 
24.84 
25.18 

20.80 
17.85 
19.29 
17.28 

14.87 

16.83 
19.41 
14.26 
17.01 
12.29 

8.15 
9.48 

10.85 
7.00 

19.12 

18.01 
20.00 
19.62 
19.05 
18.52 

10.06 
18.56 
16.07 
15.37 

18.88 

22.26 

38.85 
21.66 
32.30 
19.93 

20.00 
18.67 
20.25 



$23.43 
21.51 
22.61 
34.38 
30.62 

43.04 
20.04 
28.70 
22.41 
19.00 

19.55 
19.58 
21.57 
22.35 
21.35 

16.42 
14.41 
17.75 
14.97 
15.37 

16.42 
17.63 
11.80 
14.30 
13.98 

11.49 
10.21 
9.80 
10.60 
20.14 

17.36 
17.45 
17.01 
17.76 
19.50 

11.34 
17.93 
16.24 
17.74 
17.41 

19.45 
38.52 
23.14 
29.93 
19.04 

18.78 
18.66 
21.84 



$26.24 

21.77 
20.47 
31.59 
32.81 

40.69 
20.80 
26.67 
21.11 
19.82 

18.97 
18.31 
16.79 
20.82 
22.55 

19.52 
15.70 
19.45 
16.69 
15.99 

19.89 
20.64 
13.16 
14.13 
13.24 

9.13 
6.29 

10.59 
8.94 

18.81 

17.40 
17.32 
15.39 
15.86 
13.97 

7.93 
16.68 
20.41 
21.11 
17.02 

28.78 
39.62 
22.37 
34.93 
23.47 

21.42 
19.24 
21.86 



$23. 35 
21.41 
18.39 
29.94 
29.04 

37.77 
19.51 
26.59 
20.60 
18.17 

19.52 
19.18 
18.51 
21.46 
24.59 

19.47 
15.58 
16.89 
14.88 
14.30 

16.39 
15. 10 
12.96 
12.22 
13.84 

4.55 

10.12 

9.95 

9.95 

20.25 

17.61 
18.56 
20.48 
16.08 

17.87 

14.02 
19.40 

18.78 
25. 88 
19.96 

22.81 
29.67 
24.58 
37.12 
21.86 

19. 65 
21.88 
18.82 



16.31 



15.96 



21.80 
22.54 
17.07 
11.52 
17.45 
19.59 



22.75 
19.31 
16.22 
11.91 
17.31 
19.55 



22.39 
19.80 
17.95 
11.08 
14.55 
21.43 



21.24 

20.47 
15.30 
10.67 
17.79 
20.63 



$20.91 
19.53 
17.61 
30.89 
29.01 

35.16 
18.39 
26.31 
18.16 
17.00 

18.66 
17.63 
16.71 
18.62 
22.48 

19.32 
15.06 
19.07 
17.29 
17.56 

16.85 
16.54 
13.72 
14.40 
14.16 

12.36 
12.05 
12.36 
11.25 
20.68 

15.81 
15.69 
17.59 
15.60 
15.50 

11.80 
16.61 
20.45 
16.52 
20.50 

19.05 
29.77 
23.25 
26.30 
22.15 

21.11 
18.59 
19.51 



16.02 



19.61 
19.10 
17.57 
12.96 

15.75 
20.39 



20 



farmers' BULLETIN" 665. 



FARM WAGES. 

Table 11. — Wages of male farm labor. 



state and division. 


Per month with board. 


Per month without board. 


1914 


1913 


1909 


1899 


1914 


1913 


1909 


1899 


Maine 


$26.30 
24.70 
26. 30 
25.00 
24.50 

22.90 
25.40 
21.00 
20.40 
17.80 

17.00 
16.20 
21.00 
15. .50 
12.00 

12.80 
16.50 
22.50 
22.10 
24.80 

24.70 
28.00 
28.70 
30.10 
21.10 

31.20 
30.10 
28.10 
24.80 
17.20 

15.20 
13.00 
12.70 
14.30 
19.10 

20.20 
16.40 
36.10 
34.20 
30.00 

25. 00 

34.00 

36.00, 

39.00 

35.70 

32.90 
32.00 
34.80 


$25.50 
24.70 
26.30 
25. .50 
25.00 

23.90 
25.50 
21.20 
20.60 
17.20 

17.30 
16.10 
21.20 
15.90 
13.40 

14.30 
17.90 
22.70 
22.30 
25.30 

24.90 
28.10 
28.90 
30.70 
21.60 

31.00 
30.00 
26.90 
24.00 
17.40 

15.80 
14.40 
13.60 
14.00 
19.20 

20.00 
17.00 
37.20 
34.70 
29.10 

24.80 
35.00 
38.50 
39.70 
36.00 

33.20 
31.00 
35.10 


$26. 71 
25.18 
25.93 
26. 52 
24.62 

24.61 
24.78 
20.50 
19.69 
17.12 

15.96 
15.00 
20.33 
14.05 
11.96 

13.21 
17.86 
21.35 
21.40 
24.52 

24.36 
27.52 
28.30 
28.14 
20.56 

32.33 
30.38 
27.50 
25.21 
17.13 

14.98 
13.19 
14.21 
13.94 
18.47 

20.87 
16.31 
38.05 
34.53 
31.53 

25.62 
35.28 
40.77 
40.30 
39.38 

35.43 
33.11 
34.17 


$18. 00 
18.48 
18.74 
18.32 
18.35 

17.52 
17.52 
15.19 
14.32 
11.98 

11.53 

10.43 

13.55 

8.56 

7.34 

8.05 
11.32 
15.27 
15.45 
17.76 

16.95 
19.20 
19.98 
19.32 
14.57 

21.82 
20.41 
18.87 
17.46 
12.24 

10.33 
8.63 
9.27 
10.30 
12.94 

14.52 
10.54 
32.12 
29.64 
23.23 

18.45 
28.23 
25.72 
31.76 
28.13 

25.06 
22.89 
25.64 


$37. 20 
38.50 
37.50 
41.00 
38.40 

37.80 
25.70 
34.00 
31.20 
26.50 

26.00 
22.80 
30.00 
21.90 
16.50 

18.00 
24.50 
31.80 
30.10 
33.00 

34.70 
39.90 
40.80 
40.00 
29.20 

45.10 
43.50 
39.70 
35.10 
24.20 

21.10 
18.90 
18.20 
20.70 
27.00 

28.80 
24.00 
52.80 
50.00 
44.60 

36.60 
48.00 
50.00 
56.00 
51.00 

48.40 
46.00 
50.10 


$36.00 
38.60 
37.00 
42.00 
39.40 

39.30 
36.20 
35.50 
32.00 
26.00 

26.50 
23.50 
30.50 
22.30 
17.90 

20.20 
26.70 
32.20 
30.20 
33.30 

35.00 
39.80 
41.00 
40.20 
29.40 

42.50 
43.00 
38.40 
33.70 
24.00 

22.30 
20.30 
19.60 
20.70 
27.50 

29.10 
24.50 
54.00 
49.20 
44.30 

36.00 
48. .50 
51.00 
56.50 
50.00 

48.40 
44.50 
50.70 


$37.38 
37.92 
36.51 
41.40 
43.11 

36.92 
33.64 
32.01 
29.45 
26.14 

23.82 
21.11 
28.05 
19.55 
15.71 

18.33 
26.64 
28.84 
27.91 
31.31 

32.96 
36.92 
38.90 
36.19 
27.74 

45.96 
40.75 
37.98 
34.79 
22.38 

20.36 
18.63 
19.79 
19.54 
25.14 

28.70 
22.68 
53.32 
43.98 
45.59 

34.17 
48.24 
56.12 
54.95 
51.64 

48.54 
43.98 
47.30 


$26. 58 


New Hampshire 


28.22 
27.49 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

C,m\-ncoX\mt 


31.25 
30.56 

30.28 


New York . . 


24.88 


New Jersey 


25.30 


Pennsylvania 


22.71 
18.55 


Maryland 


17.92 


Virginia. 


14.82 


West Vir-iinia 

North rarolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 


19.85 
12.39 
10.06 

11.38 


Florida 


17.40 


Ohio 


22.14 


Indiana 


21.87 


Illinois 


24.34 


Mif>h igan 


24.12 


Wisconsin 


27.68 


MinnpsotH 


29.46 


Iowa 

Missouri 


27.09 
20.44 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


32.84 
30.58 
27.40 


Kansas 


25.24 


Kentucky 


16.64 


Tennessep. 


14.21 


Alabama 


12.56 


Mississippi 


13.17 


T-onisiana. 


14.88 


Texas 


17.98 


Oklahoma 

ArVansa.s. , 


21.55 
15.09 


Montana 


42.78 
42.54 


Colorado 


34.36 


New Mexico 


25.22 


Arizona 


38.26 


Utah 


34.43 


Nevada 


45.10 


Idaho 


39.39 




36.77 


Oregon 


31.23 


California 


36.87 






United States.. 


21.05 


21.38 


20.01 


13.90 


29.88 


30.31 


27.43 


19.97 


Geographic division : 
North Atlantic... 
South Atlantic... 

North Central 

South Central.... 


23.31 
15.14 
25.44 
16.27 
33.30 


23.45 
15.88 
25.56 
16.70 
33.52 


23.26 
14.42 
24.66 
15.91 
34.44 


16.60 
9.26 
17.36 
10.97 
25.19 


34.71 
21.50 
35.35 

23.19 
48. 17 


35.29 
22.62 
35.23 

23. 85 
48.17 


33.68 
20.13 
32.90 
21.85 
47.24 


25.44 
13.35 
24.75 
15.47 
35.64 







THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 
Table Jl. — Wages of male farm labor — Concluded. 



state and division. 


Per day at har- 
vest with 
board. 


Per day at har- 
vest without 
board. 


Per day other 

than harvest with 

board. 


Per day other than 

harvest without 

board. 




1914 


1913 


1909 


1914 


1913 


1909 


1914 


1913 


1909 


1914 


1913 


1909 




$1.73 
1.68 
1.70 
1.60 
1.56 

1.53 
1.85 
1.73 
1.51 
1.45 

1.38 
1.21 
1.40 
1.14 
.96 

.97 
1.07 
1.79 
1.76 

1.88 

1.86 
1.87 
2.36 
2.24 
1.55 

2.68 
2.40 
2.21 
2.30 
1.38 

1.15 
.95 

.82 
1.00 
1.32 

1.72 
1.16 
2.26 
1.98 
1.84 

1.42 
1.80 
1.96 
2.00 
2.28 

2.29 
2.12 
1.96 


81.71 
1.70 
1.71 
1.61 
1.53 

1.55 
1.80 
1.78 
1.53 
1.40 

1.30 
1.25 
1.31 
1.13 
1.03 

1.10 
1.12 

1.81 
1.80 
1.93 

1.94 
1.90 
2.43 
2.25 
1.57 

2.70 
2.37 
2.19 
2.14 
1.36 

1.18 
1.00 
.93 
1.00 
1.30 

1.60 
1.24 
2.21 
1.94 
1.75 

1.37 
1.88 
1.96 
2.05 
2.31 

2.41 
2.09 
1.97 


81.63 
1.71 
1.73 
1.60 
1.50 

1.44 
1.77 
1.71 
1.42 
1.38 

1.31 
1.12 
1.21 
1.01 
.94 

.90 
1.06 
1.67 
1.66 
1.84 

1.75 
1.79 
2.23 
2.08 
1.50 

2.58 
2.38 
2.22 
2.17 
1.31 

1.11 

.89 
.89 
.92 
1.20 

1.61 
1.11 
2.23 
1.99 
1.80 

1.28 
1.73 
2.00 
2.04 
2.17 

2 34 
2.06 
2.01 


$2.14 
2.12 
2.15 
2.11 
2.00 

1.94 
2.26 
2.17 
1.91 

1.74 

1.72 
1.49 
1.75 
1.38 
1.17 

1.20 
1.34 
2.21 
2.16 
2.25 

2.24 
2.33 
2.80 
2.60 
1.93 

3.25 
2.92 
2.64 
2.71 
1.68 

1.42 
1.18 
1.06 
1.25 
1.67 

2.05 
1.46 
2.94 
2.57 
2.32 

1.80 
2.32 
2.35 
2.60 
2.73 

2 75 
2.55 

2.47 


82.12 
2.15 
2.06 
2.08 
2.00 

1.95 
2.30 
2.25 
1.94 
1.74 

1.65 
1.52 
1.73 
1.40 
1.29 

1.38 
1.40 
2.23 
2.20 
2.33 

2.37 
2.36 
2.83 
2.62 
1.95 

3.35 
2.96 
2.68 
2.48 
1.68 

1.47 
1.26 
1.16 
1.28 
1.63 

2.00 
1.53 
2.90 
2.54 
2.27 

1.74 
2.31 
2.37 
2.75 
2.76 

2.90 
2.60 

2.48 


52.02 
2.12 
2.14 
2.03 
1.94 

1.85 
2.07 
2.08 
1.82 
1.61 

1.54 
1.37 
1.53 
1.20 
1.06 

1.12 
1.46 
2.02 
1.97 
2.11 

2.13 
2.19 
2.59 
2.43 
1.81 

3.17 
2.82 
2.59 
2.43 
1.56 

1.34 
1.12 
1.13 
1.16 
1.44 

1.81 
1.37 
2.58 
2.33 
2.26 

1.62 
2.13 
2.38 
2.40 
2.72 

2.58 
2.29 
2.31 


81.37 
1.35 
1.28 
1.35 
1.30 

1.27 
1.37 
1.24 
1.17 
1.03 

.94 
.85 
1.03 
.81 
.64 

.74 
.95 
1.31 
1.23 
1.31 

1.38 
1.45 
1.66 
1.67 
1.05 

1.75 
1.71 
1.57 
1.40 
.86 

.79 
.73 

.72 
.86 
1.03 

1.13 

.88 
1.80 
1.64 
1.42 

1.16 
1.50 
1.70 
1.61 
1.71 

1.60 
1.48 
1.44 


$1.35 
1.39 
1.31 
1.39 
1.25 

1.25 
1.41 
1.23 
1.17 
.94 

.91 

.86 
1.04 
.83 
.73 

.82 
.98 
1.33 
1.25 
1.39 

1.41 
1.46 
1.67 
1.70 
1.08 

1.85 
1.69 
1.57 
1.35 

.87 

.81 
.83 
.85 
.85 
1.08 

1.10 
.92 
1.76 
1.59 
1.36 

1.13 
1.46 
1.75 
1.65 
1.72 

1.67 
1.48 
1.44 


$1.28 
1.31 
1.21 
1.04 
1.12 

1.14 
1.26 
1.09 
1.04 
.95 

.90 
.74 
.89 
.70 
.60 

.71 
.86 
1.18 
1.13 
1.33 

1.26 
1.35 
1.53 
1.53 
1.00 

1.66 
1.69 
1.58 
1.44 

.82 

.74 
.68 
.75 
.79 
.93 

1.12 

.83 
1.68 
1.54 
1.44 

1.06 
1.35 
1.61 
1.42 
1.70 

1.66 
1.42 
1.43 


$1.77 
1.78 
1.67 
1.87 
1.70 

1.74 
1.76 
1.65 
1.52 
1.30 

1.26 
1.09 
1.40 
1.02 

.82 

.94 
1.24 
1.70 
1.56 
1.69 

1.75 
1.87 
2.05 
2.10 
1.35 

2.33 
1.20 
1.99 
1.77 
1.11 

1.00 
.95 
.98 
1.04 
1.34 

1.45 
1.12 
2.54 
2.22 
1.98 

1.53 
1.95 
2.12 
2.50 

2.28 

2.18 
2.01 
2.05 


$1.74 
1.79 
1.65 
1.87 
1.72 

1.75 

1.82 
1.67 
1.58 
1.19 

1.22 
1.11 
1.36 
1.06 
.91 

1.04 
1.30 
1.71 
1.59 
1.73 

1.82 
1.93 
2.14 
2.13 
1.39 

2.50 
2.22 
2.06 
1.75 
1.13 

1.03 
1.04 
1.08 
1.10 
1.34 

1.47 
1.18 
2.52 
2.22 
1.95 

1.53 
2.00 
2.15 
2.38 
2.32 

2.20 
1.98 
2.01 


SI. 59 




1.70 




1.54 




1.69 


Rhode Island 


1.60 




1.54 




1.59 




1.47 




1.41 


Delaware 


1.14 




1.17 




.96 




1.18 


North Carolina 


.89 




.71 




.91 


Florida 


1.21 


Ohio 


1.47 




1.38 


Illinois 


1.56 


Michigan 


1.62 




1.70 




1.88 




1.82 




1.27 


North Dakota 


2.14 


South Dakota 


2.19 




1.94 




1.73 




1.00 




.92 


Alabama 


.87 




.96 


Louisiana 


1.00 




1.16 


Oklahoma 


1.37 




1.05 




2.31 


Wyoming 


2.04 




1.87 




1.39 




1.74 


Utah 


2.07 








2.22 




2.25 




1.79 




1.94 






United States 


1.55 


1.57 


1.43 


1.91 


1.94 


1.71 


1.13 


1.16 


1.03 


1.45 


1.50 


1.29 


Geographic division : 


1.68 
1.12 
1.98 
1.20 
2.02 


1.67 
1.16 
2.00 
1.21 
2.02 


1.62 
1.03 
1.87 
1.10 
2.02 


2.09 
1.38 
2.39 
1.49 
2.51 


2.12 
1.45 
2.42 
1.51 
2.53 


1.98 
1.25 
2.21 
1.34 
2.51 


1.28 
.81 

1.40 
.88 

1.52 


1.30 
.85 

1.42 
.93 

1.52 


1.16 
.73 
1.32 

.82 
1.48 


1.67 
1.05 
1.75 
1.14 
2.09 


1.71 
1.09 
1.83 
1.18 
2.07 


1.53 




.93 


North Central 


1.^ 


South Central 


1.02 




1.97 







22 



farmers' bulletin 665. 



PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States. 
MARCH 1. 



State. 


Rye. per 
bushel. 


Buck- 
wheat, 

per 
bushel. 


Pota- 
toes, 
per 
bushel. 


Hay, per 
ton. 


Flaxseed, 

per 
bushel. 


Cotton, 

per 
pound. 


Butter, 

per 
pound. 


Eggs, 

per 

dozen. 


Chick- 
ens, 
per 

pound. 




05 


-d 
tt 

^l 


10 

05 






'- 6 

>>> 
lA C3 


10 
a. 


^1 




(S 60 
® 2 

lA 03 


10 


03 60 


05 


a 60 
®§ 

lA 03 


10 

05 


^6 




'1 <^ 

C3 60 
>A C3 




Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 
72 
70 

89 
88 


Cts. 
28 
51 
48 
60 
50 

56 
43 
60 
58 
73 

54 
75 
82 
96 
115 

113 
120 
52 
55 
67 

28 
31 
37 

69 
80 

50 
57 
71 
83 
81 

99 
110 
116 
115 
123 

99 
112 
68 
84 
60 

118 

141 

55 

97 

46 

60 
70 
70 


cts. 
55 
75 
69 
85 
88 

91 

68 
82 
74 

88 

72 
S3 
87 
91 
131 

114 

138 

71 

71 
77 

48 
48 
52 


Dols. 
14.00 
15.80 
15.10 
23.00 
22.40 

20.50 
15.50 
19.70 
14.70 
20.30 

16.50 
18.80 
17.80 
18.30 
17.00 

16.20 
17.00 
14.20 
14.60 
14.90 

12.30 

9.80 
fi. SO 


Dols. 
14.68 
16.70 
13.90 
20.62 
21.46 

21.66 
15.58 
19.22 
16.42 
17.48 

16.74 
16. 48 
16.36 
16.42 
17.96 

17.72 
17.38 
14.06 
13.42 
13.84 

13.74 
12.94 
7.90 
10.64 
11.50 

6.78 
7.16 
8.58 
9.54 
15.36 

15. 64 
14.72 
12.76 
12.94 
12.12 

9.34 
13.04 
11.04 

9.98 
10.20 

12.52 
12.98 

9.08 
10.68 

9.04 

12.46 
10.70 
12.34 


Cts. 


as. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


as. 

30 

33 
34 

36 
36 

36 
33 
35 
32 
32 

29 
27 
26 
24 
26 

23 
35 
26 
24 
26 

28 
30 
28 
28 
23 

25 
26 
23 
24 
22 

20 
22 
22 
29 
22 

22 
23 
34 
32 

28 

36 
37 
27 
36 
26 

31 
31 
30 


Cts. 
31 
32 
32 
35 
35 

35 
31 
34 
31 
30 

28 
26 
26 
24 
25 

25 
32 
26 
24 
25 

26 
28 
27 
26 
22 

24 
24 
22 
23 
21 

20 
21 
23 

28 
22 

22 
23 
35 
32 
29 

33 
38 
29 
36 
32 

33 
33 
32 


Cts. 
27 
28 
28 
32 
30 

31 
28 
30 
26 
26 

22 
20 
23 
17 
19 

17 
22 
20 
19 
21 

25 
24 
23 
22 

18 

25 
23 

20 

18 
17 

17 
16 
16 
20 
16 

18 
18 
29 
28 
24 

31 
27 
22 
34 
25 

24 
26 
24 


as. 

27 


Cts. 

14 fi 


cts. 
14.3 


New Hampshire 


90 
80 
109 
110 

100 
110 
108 
105 
110 

109 
95 
105 
105 
147 

116 














2913.8 
27;13.7 
3317.5 
33 20. 

32 17. 8 
28 15. 9 
30,16.9 
26! 14. 2 
2414. 5 

2213. 8 
2113.4 
2312.8 
1911.6 
21 12. 7 

20 13. 2 
2416.3 
22'll.7 
20111.4 

21 11. 4 

24 11. 5 
2311.5 
2210.2 

19:10.6 

1910. 8 

2410.0 
20 9.0 
19 9.6 

181 9.8 
1810.8 

1810. 8 
1812.0 
1911.1 
19!l4.0 

17| 9.6 

isj 9.6 
1810.5 
3314.1 


14 4 


'"97 


89 
110 










13 












15.8 












16 1 




88 
78 
77 
78 
73 

74 
82 
85 
99 
153 

140 


100 
94 

85 
79 


90 

71 
74 
67 










15 9 












14.2 












16 3 












13 












13.4 


Maryland 


82 
96 
80 

87 


74 

78 
76 
82 










14 ? 








8.0 


13.4 


13 ? 


West Virginia 

North Carolina 






12.0 






7.4 
7.6 

7.3 
10.9 


12.5 
12.5 

12.5 
16.8 


10 8 








11 3 


Georgia 










1? 4 












13 7 


Ohio 


106 
102 

98 

109 
111 
108 
94 
103 

105 

100 

98 

93 

109 

106 
150 
130 


73 
70 
69 

70 
68 
63 
68 
76 

59 
59 
61 
72 
89 

95 
145 


74 
86 

77 
78 
75 
90 
116 


76 
70 
97 

67 
70 
66 
91 
98 






11 7 












11 1 


Illinois 










10 9 


Michigan 










11 3 




130 
163 
139 
150 

163 
153 
122 
138 


182 
175 
162 
129 

177 
172 
158 
159 






11 


Minnesota 






9 5 




74 12.10 






9 9 




88 

62 
72 

81 
97 

88 

97 
118 
119 
107 
122 

115 

113 

70 

89 

65 

104 
124 
63 
83 
61 

60 
61 

88 


14.40 

5.70 
6.40 
7.50 
8.40 
17.80 

17.60 
14.10 
11.90 
11.90 
9.80 

8.90 
13.60 
8.10 
7.00 
7.60 

12.00 
10.00 
7.40 

7.50 
8.00 

11.70 
9.90 
8.00 


7.1 


11.8 


10 4 


North Dakota.. 


9 6 












8 9 


Nebraska 


85 


107 






9.1 


Kansas 






9 5 


Kentucky . . 










10 7 


Tennessee 


80 


75 






6.8 
7.3 
7.3 

7.4 
7.5 

7.6 
7.5 


12.3 
12.5 
12.4 
12.1 
12.1 

11.6 

n.9 


10 6 


Alabama 


11 •» 












11 7 


Louisiana 












13.2 


Texas 


117 

115 
103 

79 
76 
85 


106 

79 
93 
73 
65 
64 










8 <» 


Oklahoma 










9 1 


Arkansas 










9 9 


Montana 






148 


138 


14 ? 












29 
25 

27 
32 
23 
37 

29 

27 
26 
23 


14.8 
12.0 

14.0 
17.4 
10.8 
20.3 
9.7 

13.3 

12.7 
16.0 


13 4 


Colorado 






135 








13 ? 


New Mexico 












13 9 




















18 ?, 


Utah 


80 


70 














11 8 












19 6 


Idaho 


80 

84 
117 
100 


70 

7e 

92 

St 














11 fi 


"Washington 

Oregon 















13 6 














1? 8 


California 











8.6 




14 5 










United States. 


105.4 


71. £ 


85.5 


70.7 


50.4 


66.9 


11.71 


12.84 


157.9 


173.8 


7.4 


12.4 


26.8 


25.9 


21.3 


21.5 


11.7 


11.2 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



23 



Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. 

• FEBRUARY 15. 





Hogs, per 
100 


Beef cat- 
tle, per 100 


Veal 
calves,per 

100 
pounds. 


Sheep, , 
per 100 


Lambs, 
per 100 


Mnch 

cows, per 

head. 


Horses, per 
ee 


Wool, 
per 




pounds. 


pounds. 


pounds. 


pounds. 




* 


pound. 


State. 
























^ cj 


1 


>- c 




*-• a? 




(-■ t£ 




>H a; 




!- © 




•- oJ 










C3 M 1 


03 tc 




o3 to 




03 tc 




03 bo 




C3 tuD 




c9 te 








lO 


<P S 


•o 


"i 


"5 


<B g 


ir> 


® s 


lO 


*i 


U2 


«s 


10 


»g 


»o 


•^ 




Oi 


^> 


en 


^> 


OS 


^> 


a> 


^> 


OS 


^> 


Ci 


'^> 


Oi 


^> 


Oi 


CS 






"O <3 




«0 C3 




m 03 




lO 03 




lO 03 




10 03 




lO 03 




































Cts. 


Cts. 


Maine 


17.30 


$7.46 


$6.90 


$6.42 


$8. 50 $7. 94 


$5.10 


$3.98 


$6.10 


$6.30 


$57. 90 


$51.16 


$210 


$185 


23 


20 


NewHampshire 


7.30 


7.80 


7.00 


6.15 


8.50 7.40 


5.00 


4.75 


6.00 


6.45 


59.00 


53.75 


186 


162 


21 


16 


Vermont 


6.30 


7.14 


4.90 


5.08 


7.60 


6.78 


3.70 


3.80 


5.70 


5.90 


55.00 


45.42 


175 


158 


24 


17 


Massachusetts.. 


7.10 
8.20 


8.28 
8.23 


6.20 
7.40 


5.67 
6.73 


8.90 
9.70 


8.38 
9.03 










66.30 

78.80 


55.95 
66.83 


175 
225 


188 
203 


25 
22 


23 


Rhode Island . . 


's.'so 


'5.'23 


'7." 70 


'7." 73 


16 


Connecticut 


9.00 


9.13 


8.00 


7.00 


10.50 


8.90 


8.30 


5.67 


1L50 


7.67 


74.40 


56.50 


205 


217 


24 


20 


New York 


7.30 


7.50 


6.20 


5.30 


9.80 


8.38 


4.50 


4.22 


7.10 


6.40 


67.20 


54.34 


179 


175 


23 


18 


New Jersey 


8.50 


9.18 


6.50 


7.46 


10.00 


8.56 


4.70 


5.23 


8.50 


7.47 


73.00 


59.02 


178 


185 




20 


Pennsylvania.. 


7.50 


7.96 


6.90 


5.92 


9.20 


8.04 


5.00 


4.64 


7.10 


6.32 


60.30 


50.44 


171 


168 


""22 


20 


Delaware 


7.50 


7.90 


6.30 


5.63 


9.70 


9.18 


4.70 


4.93 


6.70 


7.33 


55.00 


47.67 


129 


133 


25 


22 


Maryland 

Virginia 


7.30 
7.10 


7.60 
7.26 


6." 20 


5.80 
5.04 


8.' 30 


8.40 
7.10 


4.' 50 


4.56 
4.20 


'6.' 90 


6.50 
6.04 


'47.' 70 


45.62 
38.76 


"'i37 


141 
142 






"23 


i9 


West Virginia. . 


7.30 


7.38 


6.30 


5.30 


7.90 


6.88 


4.60 


4.30 


6.50 


5.76 


53.40 


42.04 


145 


141 


24 


20 


North Carolina. 


7.60 


7.44 


4.80 


4.26 


6.00 


5.30 


4.60 


4.36 


5.50 


5.18 


38.50 


33.52 


148 


155 


20 


18 


South Carolina. 


7.70 


7.50 


4.40 


3.80 


5.30 


4.48 


4.90 


4.38 


5.80 


5.42, 38.40 


33.88 


145 


170 


17 


18 


Georgia 


7.20 


7.26 


4.30 


3.76 


4.70 


4.48 


4.20 


4.14 


5.80 


5.50 


37.10 


32.82 


142 


158 


20 


21 


Florida 


6.50 


7.12 


5.40 


4.94 


5.00 


5.95 


4.10 


5.83 


5.80 




46.00 


41.06 


145 


152 


20 


18 


Ohio 


6.40 
6.30 


7.54 
7.44 


6.60 
6.40 


5.80 
5.48 


8.40 
7.80 


7.94 
7.26 


4.80 
4.30 


4.30 
4.00 


6.90 
6.70 


"6." 28 
5.98 


59.40 
54.00 


51.72 
50.70 


158 
139 


165 
152 


24 
22 


19 
19 


Indiana 


Illinois 


6.20 


7.32 


6.40 


5.68 


8.00 


7.18 


4.90 


4.40 


6.60 


6.00 


63.80 


54.02 


141 


155 


21 


17 


Michigan 


6.20 


7.24 


6.00 


5.02 


8.10 


7.50 


4.40 


4.28 


6.80 


6.32 


60.00 


48.24 


166 


172 


23 


19 


Wisconsin 


6.40 


7.20 


5.30 


4.82 


8.00 


7.10 


4.90 


4.20 


6.50 


5.86 


63.00 


52.08 


167 


171 


21 


18 


Minnesota 


6.10 


7.10 


5.30 


4.66 


7.20 


6.38 


4.60 


4.26 


6.20 


5.68 


58.60 


45.54 


148 


162 


18 


16 


Iowa 


6.20 
6.00 


7.24 
6.94 


6.50 
6.30 


5.90 
5.44 


7.70 
7.10 


6.64 
6.30 


5.10 
4.70 


4.54 
4.20 


6.90 
6.30 


6.02 
5.46 


58.50 
55.40 


52.02 
46.42 


142 
110 


163 
125 


19 
20 


17 
17 


Missouri 


North Dakota.. 


5.70 


6.68 


5.30 


4.46 


7.10 


6.10 


4.70 


4.42 


6.10 


5.54 


61.80 


48. 28 


135 


150 


17 


13 


South Dakota. . 


6.00 


6.88 


5.90 


5.16 


7.20 


6.04 


5.20 


4.48 


6.50 


5.68 


61.30 


48.70 


120 


141 


18 


15 


Nebraska 


6.00 


6.98 


6.30 


5.60 


7.70 


6.82 


5.60 


4.92 


7.30 


6.38 


65.90 


52.06 


122 


133 


21 


15 


Kansas 


6.10 
6.30 


7.08 
7.04 


6.50 
5.90 


5.74 
4.92 


7.80 6.70 
7.40 6.30 


5.50 
3.90 


4.90 
3.64 


6.70 
6.00 


6.18 
5.38 


67.40 
48.30 


50.66 
40.40 


120 
114 


130 
129 


19 
22 


15 


Kentucky 


19 


Tennessee 


6.30 


6.80 


5.40 


4.34 


6.70 


5. .54 


3.90 


3.66 


5.60 


5.06 


43.30 


37.76 


124 


145 


19 


17 


Alabama 


6.40 


6.92 


4.10 


3.32 


5.20 


4.66 


4.90 


3.92 


5.40 


4.94 


36.70 


31.74 


120 


138 


18 


17 


Mississippi 


5.60 


6.30 


4.20 


3.48 


5.00 


4.68 


4.00 


3.48 


5.20 


4.62 


36.80 


30.74 


104 


115 


16 


15 


Louisiana 


6.00 


5.86 


5.20 


3.96 


5.90 


4.66 


6.00 


4.32 


7.00 


4.55 


38.00 


29.96 


100 


86 


14 


14 


Texas 


6.40 
6.00 


6.70 

6.88 


5.40 
5.50 


4.28 
4.80 


6.20 
6.70 


5.16 
5.76 


5.00 
5.20 


4.30 

4.86 


5.80 
6.40 


5.36 
6.08 


54.40 
57.70 


43. 78 
45.34 


88 
101 


97 
109 


16 

16 


13 


Oklahoma 




Arkansas 


5.50 


5.98 


4.60 


3.84 


5.70 


5.04 


3.80 


3.66 


4.50 


4.46 


40.90 


32.14 


93 


108 


17 


"is 


Montana 


6.00 


7.36 


6.20 


5.74 


7.80 


8.00 


5.50 


4.82 


7.00 


6.28 


76.00 


58. 56 


137 


134 


22 




Wyoming 


6.50 


7.68 


6.90 


5.60 


10.00 


7.34 


6.00 


4.76 


7.90 


6.30 


83.50 


60.16 


110 


107 


22 


"ii 


Colorado 


6.40 


7.16 


6.70 


5.78 


8.70 7.56 


5.30 


4.94 


7.20 


6.34 


76.00 


53.18 


120 


116 


18 




New Mexico 


6.80 


7.42 


6.50 


4.92 


9.30 6.68 


5.50 


4.68 


6.60 


5.70 


66.00 


53.25 


78 


86 


16 


13 


Arizona 


7.20 


7.70 


6.40 


5.42 


8.50 6.33 


5.10 


3.83 




5.29 


85.00 


69.45 


115 


108 






Utah 


6.50 
7.60 


6.62 
8.00 


5.80 
6.30 


5.06 
5.75 


8.50 8.32 


5.60 
5.30 


5.12 
5.03 


'e.'go 

6.40 


6.00 
6.50 


65.00 
85.00 


48. 44 
62.67 


117 
127 


117 
124 


'"i9 


ik 


Nevada 


7.80 


7.33 


13 


Idaho 


6.10 
6.40 


6.90 
7.60 


6.00 
6.00 


5.34 
5.50 


7.30 
8.10 


7.04 
7.70 


5.00 
5.40 


4.72 
5.04 


6.10 
6.60 


5.62 
5.80 


76.00 
71.70 


56.70 
62.72 


120 
120 


141 
141 


"21 
16 




Washington 


15 


Oregon 


6.30 


7.54 


6.40 


5.82 


7.80 


7.36 


5.40 


4.82 


6.00 


5.92 


69.00 


55. 34 


101 


124 


19 


14 


California 


6.90 


7.32 


6.40 


5.98 


7.70 


6.56 


5.70 


4.76 


6.50 


5.74 


66.20 


55.14 


111 


139 


16 


12 


United States 


6.34 


7.12 


5.93 


5.11 


7.62 


6.77 


5.14 


4.55 


6.67 


5.95 


57.99 


47.75 


131. 62 


142. 66 


20.2 


15.7 



24 



FARMERS BULLETIN 665. 



Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. 

FEBRUARY 15. • 



State. 


J 




.d C3 


a 

ii 

.3 

cS 

PL, 


il 
>> 


ft 

2d 

f 

6 


< 




3® 

^- 

.a ft 


1m 
4) 
ft 

s 3 

CM 




la 
W 






1915 


1915 


1915 


1915 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1915 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


Maine 


DoU. 
14.70 
16.30 
14.10 
21.10 
21.50 

21.80 
16.00 
19.50 
15.00 
16.60 

17.00 
20.30 


DoU. 
13.50 
14.30 
13.70 
18.00 


DoU. 


DoU. 


DU. 


DU. 


DoU. 


DoU. 


Cte. 
60 
64 
80 
85 
91 

75 
51 
60 
56 
75 

50 
61 
56 
73 
115 

100 


Cts. 
130 
135 
125 
140 
135 

125 
110 
120 
103 
150 

135 
120 
155 
115 
160 

140 


Cts. 
200 


Cts. 


CU. 


Cts. 


CU. 
20 
20 
19 
19 
24 

19 
15 
16 
15 
15 


Qs. 
20 
20 
19 
20 
21 

20 
15 
17 
15 

19 


CU. 
"22 

"is 

16 
13 
16 
10 


CU. 
18 


New Hampshire 




















*>! 


Vermont 






















18 


Massachusetts.. . 






















17 


Rhode Island . . . 






















15 


Connecticut 


18.20 
13.20 
17.20 
13.00 
14.70 

14.50 
18 in 














""56 
95 
106 
68 


275 
228 
267 
191 
60 








New York 


14.70 
22.70 
















l^ 


New Jersey 
















16 


Pennsylvania. .. 




3.40 
3.50 


2.00 










9 


Delaware 














I' 


Maryland 




















Virginia 


19.50 
23.00 
21.70 
25.10 

24.80 
30.00 
16.40 
16.20 
16.50 

14.20 
11.70 
11.00 
14.00 
15.30 

11.00 
9.90 
9.00 
9.40 

19.90 

19.80 
21.00 
17.60 
18.50 
16.00 

12.10 
18.20 
8.90 
8.10 
7.80 

10.20 
10.60 
7.70 




2 98 ' 1 'i 


32 00 


OQ an 


56 
60 
69 
79 

70 


108 

146 

115 

89 

81 


3.7 


4.5 


13 13 
18 18 
14, 14 
13i 13 

12' 12 
12! 12 
16| 17 

17 17 
15 16 


13 
15 
14 
14 

12 
9 
11 
15 
13 

10 
11 
14 
13 
13 


14 


West Virginia... 


19.30:16.90 




2.88 
1.67 

3.03 




11 


North Carolina.. 
South Carolina. . 

Georgia 

Florida 


21.00 
21.50 

24.70 
28.50 
14.50 
15.70 


19.10 
23.00 

21.60 
I.'?. 70 


ii'.'ib 

16.40 
20.00 

"7." 60 
12.20 

6.30 
6.70 
6.70 
11.20 
11.70 

6.50 
7.00 
8.00 
7.80 

13.00 
14.00 
10.00 
10.30 
10.50 

8.90 
11.90 

8.30 
11.30 

8.10 

10.80 


1.87 
2.50 

2.70 


27.00 27.30 
28.30 28.00 

28.30 27.90 
21.90 2.S..50 


3.9 
5.0 

5.2 
4.5 


4.0 
5.0 

5.5 
5.0 


13 
14 

13 


Ohio 


2.17 2.50 
2.412.20 
2. 58 5 40 






75 
98 
100 

68 
108 
105 
120 
102 

145 
150 
120 
125 
95 

105 

98 

100 

'136 

125 
105 

75 
190 

70 

100 


140 
115 
120 

100 
150 
170 
140 
125 


68 
67 
58 

60 
106 
100 
109 

60 


142 
138 
124 

132 
150 


n 


Indiana 










17 


Illinois 


16.00 14.60 










15 


Michigan 


11.90 
10.80 
9.20 
13.70 
15.10 

7.30 
10.00 
10.00 
10.40 
19.10 

20.30 
21.00 


10.40 
9.30 
8.70 
12.50 
14.50 

8.20 
9.60 
9.50 
9.80 
17.40 

18.80 
19.00 
14.20 
14.00 


2.45 


2.00 
2.10 
1.75 










14 

15 
15 
16 
16 

19 
16 
15 
16 
14 

14 
11 
11 


15 
15 

15 
16 
16 


11 


Wisconsin 






11 


Minnesota 






14 


Iowa 


210 
105 






19 


Missouri 


2.58 


2.88 


26.30 


24.00 




5.6 


13 


North Dakota. . . 




South Dakota. . . 










190 
164 
197 
135 

145 
130 
100 
100 
150 

150 
140 
135 
188 
120 

140 
235 
110 
185 
100 

107 
100 
110 










17 
16 
15 
15 

13 
11 
12 
11 
12 

15 
13 
14 
13 
11 

12 
12 
11 
11 
12 

13 
11 
12 


14 
11 
12 
14 

14 
12 
12 
10 
10 

12 
12 
11 
10 
9 

11 

7 
7 

"16 

11 

10 

8 


15 


Nebraska 


2.'6i 

1.95 

i.'96 
1.75 
2.65 

1.75 
2.50 


1.80 
3.00 
2.46 

2.18 
2.81 
2.08 

2.10 
2.10 






94 

100 

53 

64 
80 
82 

"68 

110 
63 


150 
90 
102 

96 
86 
96 

'"'54 

125 

78 






13 


Kansas 










19 


Kentucky 






4.0 
4.9 
4.0 
4.0 
4.5 

5.5 
4.2 


6.2 

3.4 

4.7 
4.6 


17 


Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 


22.40 
25.80 
23.30 
20.50 
19.20 

19.40 
20.30 


25.10 
26.40 
24.10 
18.00 
19.00 

20.00 
19.20 


13 

12 

^^^ 


Louisiana 




4.0 12 


10 


Texas 




5.0 

5.5 
5.0 


11 

16 
12 
13 
12 
12 

13 


1? 


Oklahoma 






1? 


Arkansas 

Montana 


19.00 
10.20 
11.40 
12.50 

13.00 


18.00 
9.00 
10.00 
12.50 


14 


Wyoming 


















1? 


Colorado 










150 








8 


New Mexico 












5.0 




10 


Arizona 












Utah 


8.50 


9.00 


8.00 










75 
145 
85 

64 
90 

88 

73.1 










12 
12 
14 

13 
12 
12 

13.7 


8 


Nevada 


















8 


Idaho 


11.00 

12.70 
11.70 
9.20 


9.20 

11.20 
8.30 
10.00 


7.50 

11.30 
9.10 
8.50 


10.20 

10.20 
8.00 
7.00 


















10 


Washington 

Oregon 


















q 


















q 


California 










50 

84.7 




4.8 
4.4 


4.7 


8 




2.26 


1.80 








United States. 


14.28 


13.36 


9.32 


7.86 


23.33 


23.37 


123.0 


124.5 


13.7 


11.0 


11.4 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



26 



Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. 

FEBRUARY 15. 



States. 




.i3 O 




IS 


K4 

CJIO 

■52 
a 


.il 






c 

1 


S 


a" 


§0. 

ffl 


ft 

sl 

83 



P.4 




1915 


1915 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


Maine 


Cts. 


Cts. 
100 
111 
102 
97 


Cts. 


as. 


Dh. 
3.55 
3.49 
3.40 
3.25 
3.25 

3.50 
3.18 
3.67 
3.40 
3.50 

3.12 
3.03 
3.24 
2.95 

2.88 

2.65 


Dls. 

2.85 
2.75 
2. SO 
4.00 
2.30 

2.95 
2.31 
2.45 

2.49 
2.60 

2.35 
2.61 
2.83 
2.38 
2.75 

9. 7,"; 


Dls. 
1.45 
1.40 
1.50 
1.00 
1.05 

1.25 
.60 
1.30 
1.50 
1.92 

1.62 
1.90 
2.00 
1.40 
2.10 

2.10 
2.50 


Bis, 
1.87 

1.88 
2.50 
1.72 
1.55 

1.90 
1.45 
1.97 
2.30 
1.00 

1.75 
2.40 
2.50 
2.39 
2.42 

2.45 

2.97 


as. 

89 
90 
80 
72 

76 

70 
75 
64 
90 
93 

100 
107 
120 
95 
130 

125 
138 
85 
80 
100 

65 
95 
105 
105 
125 

145 
150 


Cts. 
115 
139 
125 
150 
122 

142 
122 
110 
110 
125 

95 
110 
120 

92 
150 

145 
190 
125 
140 
150 

109 
130 
130 
150 
165 

170 
160 
160 


Cts. 


Cts. 


as. 

49 
55 
47 
51 
52 

42 
41 
55 
56 
49 

60 
42 
53 
44 
75 

69 
52 
49 
45 
47 

34 
41 

46 
70 
41 

60 
76 
64 
65 
40 

43 

75 
65 

"85 

70 
49 
62 

98 

48 

110 
95 
55 
92 
56 

54 
80 
60 

51.1 


as. 

51 
67 
49 
65 
68 

49 
47 
42 
46 
33 


Dls. 


Dls. 


Dls. 


Dls. 

1 75 


New Hampshire. . . 


14.8 
9.8 














2.67 
1.82 
2.65 
2.75 

1.26 
1.49 
.90 
1.25 
1.33 


3 07 
















'' 50 


Massachusetts 














2.10 


Rhode Island 
















"f 10 


Connecticut 


















■> 80 


New York 


12.1 
16.0 
13.3 


100 
"""94 


10 












■> 45 


New Jersey 


105 
125 
100 


75 
110 
60 






1 50 


Pennsylvania 






1 ?0 












1 50 


Maryland 
















Virginia 


16.0 
14.7 


105 
117 






85 
110 
79 
85 

80 


86 
150 

75 
85 

8fi 


43 

55 
43 

75 

100 
62 
65 

48 
70 

37 
63 
50 
90 
52 

47 
84 
81 
60 
54 

55 

76 
80 
55 
75 

.59 
55 
78 
90 
56 

112 
120 
110 
125 
65 

60 
55 
70 

60.0 






1.00 
1.40 
1.41 
1.61 

1.47 


1 Of 


West Virginia 










1 60 










1 17 


South Carolina 














1.50 


Georgia 














1.50 


Florida 


is.'o 

14.0 


■"ids 

130 
130 

123 
135 






2. 86 2. 70 


78 80 








Ohio 


3.15 
3.15 
3.13 

2.99 
2.79 
2.80 
3.50 
3.03 

3.10 
3.34 
3.09 
3.23 
3.10 

2.78 
3.13 
2.35 
2.90 
3.09 

3.24 
3.20 
3.50 
3.34 
2.63 

2.60 
3.20 
3.42 


2.40 
2.32 
2.55 

1.70 
2.10 
2.10 

2.60 
2.70 

2.79 


1. 70 2. 25 


105 
105 
110 


140 
121 
125 






1.80 
1.60 
2.10 

1.03 
1..56 
1.73 
1.84 
1.61 

? 35 


1 56 


Indiana 






1.75 
1.80 

.90 


2.40 
2.60 

1,80 






1.67 








85 


135 


1.90 


Michigan 








1 15 




17.0 






1.30; 1.70 
2. 00!2. 75 
2.OOI3.3O 
2.40 3.00 

3.05 3.25 










1.75 












1.90 




15.0 
17.6 


138 
90 






iio 


180 
140 






1.40 








74 


95 


1 80 


North Dakota 






3 nn 


South Dakota 










2.70 3.00:3.94 
2.60' 2.0013.05 








1.90 


1 71 














194 
150 
110 

100 

83 

77 

65 

110 

115 
100 


"'eo 


40 
79 

145 


1 70I1 60 












2.80 
2.57 

2.65 
2.50 


2.40 3.05 130 
2.00 2.671 110 


ISOi 


1.75i1-9S 




18.9 
17.2 


150 
115 






120 

110 
146 
150 
150 
175 

160 
140 
195 
215 
150 

215 


100 

98 
80 
71 
62 
105 

110 
95 


1.28 

1.44 
1.62 
2.17 
1.50 
2.26 

2.00 
1.54 
3.08 
2.05 
2.24 

1.96 


1 50 








2. 20 2. 78 
1.90 2. .50 


105 
140 
125 
100 
165 

175 
125 
100 
1S.S 


1 67 


Alabama 






1.95 












2. 40i3. 47 






2.10 












2.' 80 

2.50 

2.85 
3.35 
3.35 
2.05 

2.60 
2.85 
3.00 


2. 602. 35 








Texas 










2.15 

2.60 
2.70 
1.75 
2.20 
1.30 

2.00 
2.00 
1.90 
2.50 
2.80 

1.80 
2.40 
1.30 


2.75 

3.00 
3.30 
2.20 
2.70 


58 
73 


76 
93 


2.10 


Oklahoma 










2.90 


Arkansas 










1 ^15 
















2.38 




















2.25 












1.70 85 






63 
52 


65 
80 


1 89 












2.55 
3.00 
2.35 
3.00 
2.60 

2.60 
2.35 
1.50 

2.07 


170 


165 
155 


168 


2.66 














Utah 










125 
130 
125 

100 
100 
85 

97.6 


190 
210 
145 

180 
160 
150 






2.24 
























Idaho 










2.80 

3.20 
3.25 
3.00 

3.02 


2.40 

3.00 
2.80 
2.55 












1.66 


Washington 






10 
12 


"is 
22 

19.1 
































California 






105 
85.0 


167 

86.1 












11.6 




11.1 






1.78 




United States 


106.2 


2.09 


140.8 


140.7 


78.44 


95.16 


1.73 



26 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 665. 

Table 12. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Concluded. 





Prices paid to producers, Feb. 15. 


Prices paid by producers, Feb. 15. 


State. 


Clover 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Timothy 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Alfalfa 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Clover 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Timothy 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Alfalfa 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Bran, per 
ton. 


Cotton- 
seed meal, 
per ton. 




1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


Me 














$12. 30 
11.05 
11.20 
14.00 


$11.50 
12.25 
11.00 


83.80 
3.85 
4.2.'i 


83.25 
3.40 
3.40 
3.10 






$31.70 
30.70 
30.80 
30.70 
30.60 

31.00 
30.30 
31.20 
30.20 
34.70 

30.30 
30.30 
31.20 
32.30 
33.20 

32.30 
34.30 
30.40 
29.10 
27.20 

30.00 
27.10 
27.50 
27.00 
27.00 

25.80 
26.50 
25.00 
24.10 
28.60 

29.40 
31.10 
32.00 
31.40 
30.60 

27.10 
28.50 
27.70 
27.00 
27.80 

31.50 
42.00 
27. 20 
37. (iO 
28.00 

32.60 
29.20 
32.50 


$29.30 
29.20 
28.10 
29.50 
28.50 

28.80 

27. 70 

28. 50 
28.10 
29.80 

28.80 
28.50 
29.80 
31.80 
31.30 

30.80 
31.30 
28.40 
27.50 
26.40 

27.70 
25.10 
23.30 
25.30 
25.80 

20.80 
22.70 
23.60 
24.40 
28.90 

29.60 
30.50 
30.20 
28.60 
29.60 

26.90 
28.00 
22. 00 
22.60 
25.00 

30.30 
43.00 
19.50 
32.00 
23.50 

24.00 
24.20 
27.80 


835.00 
34.30 
34.70 
34.70 
33.70 

34.00 
33.80 
34.40 
34.40 
31.30 

32.00 
31.00 
34.90 
30.30 
28.40 

29.40 
31.70 
33.20 
32.60 
31.30 

33.80 
34.10 
35.30 
32.80 
29.90 

36.00 
31.30 
33.00 
30.10 
30.50 

30.00 
29.00 
29.10 
28.70 
28.20 

27.50 
27.60 
38.00 
39.50 
31.20 

33.60 

'38.66 

41.40 
33.60 
27.00 


835 30 


N. H... 
















$9.00 


35 40 


Vt 














34 50 






810.00 




$2.75 






I2.OOI 4.60 






34.50 


R. I 




12.00 

13.00 
10.50 
10.50 
10.00 
11.00 

9.80 
10.45 
10.30 
10.60 








33 40 










3.50 
2.79 
2.85 
2.55 
3.50 






12.00 
11.15 
10.85 
10.30 


3.90 
4.00 
3.90 
3.65 
3.50 

'3."56 
3.90 
3.40 


3.75 
3.10 
3.10 
3.10 
3.82 

3.15 
3.05 
3.20 
3.60 






34 00 


N. Y... 
N. J.... 

Pa 

Del.... 

Md... 


810. 20 

"8." 94 
8.50 


9.50 

' 9." 66 
10.00 


$3.55 

'3." 14 
3.20 


810.60 
"'7.' 75 


$8.70 

"9."66 

9.50 


811.30 
11.50 
10.60 


9.60 
10.00 
10.05 

9.50 


35.00 
35. 40 
34.40 
35.00 

33.50 


Va 

W. Va. 

N. C 


9.75 
9.70 
9.85 


9.55 
10.00 
10.40 


3.35 
3.38 
3.40 


2.75 
3.10 
3.27 




i6.*46 


10.50 
11.00 
10.40 


10.50 
10.76 


9.25 
10.10 


33.50 
35.30 
33 40 


s. c 










30.10 


Ga 






















14.70 




30. 30 


Fla 






















32.90 


Ohio... 
Ind.... 
Ill 

Mich... 
Wis.... 
Minn... 
Iowa. . . 
Mo 

N. Dak. 
S. Dak. 
Nebr... 
Kans... 
Ky 

Tenn... 

iVla 


8.55 
8.60 
9.15 

8.30 
7.65 
7.80 
9.00 
10.10 

10.10 
9.10 
9.00 
9.00 
9.80 

10.40 


8.10 
8.00 
8.50 

7.80 
7.50 
7.60 
8.20 
8.90 

8.00 
9.00 
8.25 
8.20 
9.60 

9.00 


2.95 
3.05 
3.05 

3.00 
2.65 
2.50 
2.65 
3.10 

2.95 
2.50 
2.81 
3.05 
3.45 

3.25 


2.29 
2.50 
2.40 

2.40 
2.15 
2.05 
2.00 
2.80 

3.00 
2.00 
2.75 
2.50 
2.85 

3.00 


9.10 
9.30 
10.00 

9.40 
8.40 

"'9.' 60 
10.00 

12.00 
8.70 
8.10 
7.20 
9.95 

10.30 


8.10 
8.20 
8.80 

7.90 
8.70 

"7.'66 
8.90 

'8.' 66 
6.70 
5.60 
9.30 

9.50 


9.65 
9.75 
10.30 

10.00 
8.75 
9.70 
9.75 

10.80 

12.10 
12.00 
10.50 
10.50 
10.60 

11.30 


9. is 

9.10 
9.50 

9.15 
8.65 
9.40 
9.40 
9.80 

' '9.'25 

10.00 

9.80 

10.10 

10.20 
12.80 


3.50 
3.70 
3.60 

3.70 
3.25 
3.10 
3.10 
3.60 

3.50 
3.50 
3.50 
3.75 
3.60 

3.80 


2.80 
3.00 
2.70 

3.00 
2.60 
2.70 
2.30 
3.40 

2.75 
4.50 
3.00 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 
3.80 


10.45 
10.50 
10.80 

10.50 
10.20 
12.00 
11.00 
10.70 

12.10 
11.00 
9.70 
7.V5 
10.10 

11.10 


9.05 
9.00 
9.50 

8.90 
9.90 
12.00 
8.70 
9.80 

i6."56 
7.00 
6.35 
9.20 

9.50 
11.75 


34.00 
34.60 
30.90 

34.50 
34.00 
33.50 
32.70 
31.00 

28.50 
33.00 
33.60 
32.10 
32.50 

32.30 
31 00 


















30.50 


La 


























30 00 


Tex 












7.20 

6.50 
10.00 
10.00 
7.10 
7.45 

8.00 
6.90 
5.05 
7.30 
6.60 










9.60 

9.20 
10.80 
10.20 
9.50 
9.60 

10.00 


7.90 

8.10 
10.20 

'8.'i5 
7.60 

9.30 


31.30 


Okla. 










8.00 

' '9.' 66 

8.05 
8.00 

9.00 










30 80 


Ark.... 
Mont... 
Wyo... 


"'9." 40 


11.65 


'2.'25 


"2."55 


11.40 
10.00 


11.00 


3.90 
2.80 


3.35 


29.20 
22.00 
22.60 


Colo 
















35.60 


N. Mex. 


















36.20 


Ariz 


















39.70 


Utah... 






3.10 


2.58 


7.50 
7.30 
8.00 


9.50 




3.90 




8.40 
7.50 
9.90 

12.20 


'9.' 75 

8.75 

12.60 
11.00 
9.00 


19.50 








32.00 


Idaho.. 
Wash.. 


8.20 

10.50 
7.50 


7.30 


2.24 


1.80 


9.50 

11.90 
9.50 


8.90 

12.00 
9.20 


2.95 

4.20 
3.00 


2.75 
5.00 


39.33 


Greg. .. 


7.45 


2.60 




9.90 
7.80 


7.50 
7.00 


36.30 


ral 




9.70 


33.70 






















U.S.. 


8.60 


8.07 


2.66 


2.12 


7.86 


6.48 


10.32 


9.77 


3.56 


2.94 


9.29 


7.98 


28.96 


26.91 


30.88 


32.59 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 27 

Table 13. — Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 





ct. 


February 15— 


March 15— 


January 15 


- 


Produ 


1915 


1914 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1914 


1913 


1915 


1914 


1913 


Hogs 

Beef cattle 

Veal calves 

Sheep 

Lambs 

Milch cows 

Horses 


.per 100 lbs.. 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

...per head.. 

do — 

per lb.. 

per doz.. 

per lb.. 

do.... 

do.... 

perbu.. 

do 

per lb.. 

per bu. . 

per lb.. 

per gal.. 

per bu.. 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

.per 100 lbs. . 
per ton.. 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

perbu.. 

do 

do.... 

per ton.. 

perbu.. 

per ton.. 

per lb. . 

perbu.. 

do — 

do.... 

per ton. . 

al do 


$6.34 
5.93 
7.62 
5.14 
6.67 

57.99 

132. 00 

.113 

.237 

.137 

.110 
.202 
.85 
1.24 
.044 

.73 

.116 

1.06 

3.02 

2.26 

.85 

.51 

.98 

1.41 

14.28 

13.36 
9.32 

7.86 
8.60 
2.66 

7.86 
78.00 

1.78 

23.33 

.111 


$7.75 
6.16 
7.90 
4.67 
6.18 

59.09 
139.00 
.120 
.253 
.137 

.114 
.157 


$7.17 
5.55 
7.23 
4.63 
6.34 

51.42 
146.00 
.112 
.213 
.139 

.123 

.187 


$5.79 
4.61 
6.07 
4.01 
5.15 

43.40 
137.00 


$7.04 
4.57 
6.38 
4.34 
5.44 

44.48 
144.00 


$7.80 
6.28 
7.92 
4.77 
6.31 

59.23 
138.00 
.124 
.222 
.137 

.111 
.164 


$7.62 
5.88 
7.49 
4.97 
6.56 

54.02 
146.00 
.115 
.170 
.139 

.119 
.184 


$6.57 
5.99 
7.66 
4.95 
6.47 

58.48 
130.00 
.109 
.317 
.136 

.111 

.186 

.82 

1.19 

.045 

.69 


$7.45 
6.04 
7.89 
4.67 
6.16 

57.99 
137.00 
.115 
.298 
.136 

.113 
.157 
.77 
1.30 
.047 

1.11 


$6.77 
5.40 
7.06 
4.35 
6.03 

49.51 
140.00 
.107 


Eggs 

Honey, comb 

Honey, extract.. 
Wool, imwashed 






.241 


.140 

.123 
.163 


.133 

.118 
.173 


.139 

.122 
.186 
.68 


Hickory nuts... 
Peanuts 

Maple sugar 

Maple sirup 

Beans 

Beans, soy 

Sweet potatoes.. 

Turmps 

Onions 

Cabbages 

Timothy hay... 

Clover hay 

Alfalfa hay 

Prairie hay 

Clover seed 

Timothy seed... 














1.13 


.047 
1.23 

'"2." 69" 
1.80 

.86 

.60 

1.41 

2.07 


.045 

.78 
.122 
1.06 
2.19 


.047 
.99 


.050 
1.19 


.047 

1.29 
.124 
1.10 
2.05 


.047 

.82 

.126 

1.06 

2.10 


.046 

.74 












2.38 


2.23 


2.63 
2.35 

.81 
.49 
.89 
1.36 
14.07 

13.07 
9.48 
7.65 
8.51 
2.63 

7.61 
66.00 

1.65 
18.97 
.146 


2.17 
1.96 

.82 

.57 

1.21 

1.87 


2.26 


.87 

.51 

.78 

1.17 


.94 


.82 


.87 


.91 


.84 
.50 


1.40 
2.24 


1.04 

1.48 


1.55 
2.03 


.77 
1.03 


.82 
1.26 


















































8.07 
2.12 

6.48 
95.00 

1.73 

23.37 

.191 


10.28 

1.78 

8.15 
56.00 

1.54 
22.01 
.169 


12.22 
7.26 


8.37 
4.51 


8.17 
2.30 

6.60 
91.00 


10.42 
1.72 

8.19 
57.00 


7.99 
2.07 

6.55 
94.00 

1.72 

22.70 

.266 


9.41 
1.79 

7.66 


Broom com 

Pop com 

Cottonseed 

Hops 


86.00 


80.00 


49.00 
1.47 


16.81 
.388 


25.61 
.178 


23.60 
.205 


21.55 


21.98 
.197 


Paid by farmers: 


10.32 
3.56 
9.29 
28.96 
30.88 


9.77 
2.94 
7.98 
26.91 
32.59 


11.62 

2.47 

9.60 

25.32 

31.16 






9.45 

2.97 
8.01 
27.58 
32.65 


12.30 
2.33 

9.78 
24.96 
31.08 


10.34 
3.42 
8.79 
27.90 
29.56 


9.82 
2.90 
8.30 
26.53 
32.49 


11.39 


Timothy seed. 






2.51 






8.25 


Bran 

Cottonseed me 


28.62 
30.87 


25.27 
31.42 


25.24 
30.97 


Product. 




St 


larch 1- 


- 




Apr 


11- 


Fe 


bruary 


1— 


1915 


1914 


1913 


1912 


1911 


1914 


1913 


1915 


1914 


1913 


Wheat 

Corn 

Oats 

Barley 

Rye 

Buckwheat 

Potatoes 

Flaxseed 

Hay 

Butter 

Eggs 

Chickens 

Cotton 


..cts. per bu.- 

do 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

do.... 

dols. per ton. . 

..cts. per lb., 
.cts. per doz.. 

..cts. per lb.. 
do — 


133.6 
75.1 
52.1 
67.7 

105.4 

85.5 
50.4 
157.9 
11.71 

26.8 

21.3 

11.7 

7.4 


83.1 
69.1 
38.9 
51.1 
61.9 

75.1 
70.5 
132.5 
12.37 

26.0 
24.2 
11.7 
12.6 


80.6 
52.2 
33.1 
49.0 
63.2 

67.0 

52.0 

119.0 

11.34 

27.5 
19.4 
11.1 
11.8 


90.7 
66.6 
49.8 
91.0 
84.0 

76.9 
102.0 
183.9 

15.69 

27.2 
24.5 
10.5 
9.8 


85.4 
48.9 
32.8 
63.0 
71.9 

64.1 
55.3 
240.7 
12.09 

22.7 
16.5 
10.6 
13.9 


84.2 
70.7 
39.5 
51.7 
63.0 

76.9 
70.0 
132.8 
12.20 

24.9 
17.6 
12.3 
11.9 


79.1 
53.7 
33.1 

48.5 
62.9 

68.3 

50.3 

113.6 

11.15 

27.6 
16.4 
11.6 
11.8 


129.9 
72.8 
50.1 
62.9 

100.6 

83.7 
50.4 
163.7 
11.69 

27.9 

29.2 

11.5 

7.4 


81.6 
68.3 
39.3 
52.4 
61.7 

75.6 

69.7 

127.8 

12.41 

27.4 
28.4 
11.6 
11.9 


79.9 
50.6 
32.4 
51.4 
68.9 

69.4 
53.1 
109.3 
11.64 

27.6 
22.8 
10.9 
11.9 



28 



FARMERS BULLETIN 665. 



Table 14. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers: Statement for 

February, 1915. 



Product and market. 



Feb. 1, 1915. 



Jan., 1915. 



Dec., 1914. 



Jan., 1914. 



Jan., 1913. 



Wheat per bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St. Louis... 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter, New York i. 
Com per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2, mixed. New York i 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago.. 
Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- 
thy, Chicago 

Hops, per pound: Choice, New 

York 

Wool per pound: 

Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. 

Best tub washed, St. Louis. . 
Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 

of sales, Chicago 

Butter per pound: 

Creamery, extra, New York. . 

Creamery , extra, E Igin 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh. New York 

Average best fresh, St. Louis. 

Cheese per pound: Colored,^ New 

York 



$1.53J-$1.55i 
1.54i- 1.58 
1.64 - 1.68 

.78- .78 

.77^ .78 
.87 - .88i 

. 58 - . 58J 

.59i- .60 

1.27i- 1.28J 

15.00 -16.00 



81.27i-$1.62 
1.261- 1.53 
1.37i- 1.62 

.69- .77 
.68i- .77 
.83 - .86J 

.49- .57i 

. 49 - . 58f 

1.11^ 1.26J 

15.00 -17.50 



fl.l2*-$1.27J 
l.U^ 1.28i 
1.24J- 1.351 

.62- .68^ 
.624- -684 



$0.93 -«0.994 
.951- .98i 
1.00 - 1.02 



.24 - 
.33 - 



.25 
.34 



6.75 - 6.85 

.33^ .33i 
.31i- .31^ 



.29 
.26 



.16J- .16J 



6.40 - 7.20 

.32- .36 
.30- .34 

.30- .44 
.28i- .37i 

.15J- .16^ 



.46i- .50 

. 46|- . 49f 

1.07^ 1.12J 

15.00-16.00 

.23 - .28 

.23 - .24 
.31 - .32 

6.90 - 7.50 



.33 
.32 



.41 - .62 
.27 - .35 



.14^ .15 



.63i- 
.60 - 
.71 - 

.38i- 
.371- 
.60 - 



.66 

.77 

.47^ 

.39 

.62 



13. 50 -17. 50 
.45 - .48 



.20 
.28. 



.21i 
.28 



7.75 - 8.60 

.26- .37i 
.28 J- .35J 



81 03 -$1. 155 
1.07§- l.lf 
1.07 - 1.11 

.45 - .51 
. 46i- . 50i 
. 54|- . 57f 

.33 - .35 

.32 - .33.J 
.62 - .65A 

13.00 -19.00 

.26 - .32 

.24 - .24 
.37- .37 

7.25 - 7.65 



.33i 
.32' 



.34 - 
.27 - 



.16J- .171 



. 27 - .40 
.21 - .25 

.16J- .m 



1 F. o. b. afloat. 

2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August . 

Table 15. — Range of prices of agricultural products at market centers: Statement for 

March, 1915. 



Product and market. 



Mar. 1, 1915. 



Feb., 1915. 



Jan., 1915. 



Feb., 1914. 



Feb., 1913. 



Wheat per bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St. Louis . . 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter. New York i. 
Com per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

No. 2 mLxed, New York • 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 

Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago. . 
Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- 
thy, Chicago 

Hops, per pound: Choice, New 

York 

Wool per pound: 

Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. 

Best tub washed, St. Louis.. 
Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 

of sales, Chicago 

Butter per pound: 

Creamery, extra, New York. . 

Creamery, extra, Elgin 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh , New York 

Average best fresh, St. Louis 

Cheese per poimd: Colored,^ New 

York 



$1. 47 -81. 48 
1.47 - 1.50i 
L58 - L63 

. 70 - . 70J 
. 70 - .72 

. 77 - .79 

. 56 - .59 
. 53 - .56 
1. 16 - 1. 17 

15.00-16.00 



SI. 45 -81. 64 
1.45J- 1.68 
1. 58 - 1. 80 



.68^ 
.75i- 

.55 - 
.53 - 
L15 



.60 
.60 
1.31 



SI. 27i-81. 52 
1. 26i- 1. 53 
L37i- 1.62 



.77 
.77 
.86i 



.68J- 
.83 - 



.49 



15. 00 -16. 00 



.57J 
.581 
1. llj- 1. 26J 

15. 00 -17. 50 



. 28 - .29 

.31 - .31§ 

6. 60 - 6. 75 

. 23 - . 23J 

.29 - .29 

. 40 - .40 

.18|- .18| 

.16J- .17 



. 24 - .29 

. 30 - .35 

6.35 - 7.00 

. 24 - .30 

. 29 - .32 

. 33 - .40 

. 20 - .28 

.16i- .17J 



. 23 - .25 
. 31 - .34 



6. 40 - 7. 20 



.32 
.30 



.36 
.34 



. 30 - .44 
.28i- .37i 

.15§- .16i 



80.91 -80.95J 
.93J- .97} 
1. 01 - 1. 05J 

. 64 - . 66i 
. 61 - . 63J 
. 68 - . 70i 

.39J- .43 
.38J- .39i 
.60J- .64 

15. 00 -16. 00 

. 43 - .46 

. 21 - .22 
.28 - .28 

8. 20 - 8. 90 

.26i- .32 
.26i- .30 

. 29 - .40 
.24J- .28 

.16}- .17i 



81. 00 -81. 13 
1. 02 - 1. 12 
1.09i- L11.V 



.4VJ- 
.49 - 
.56 - 

.33 - 
.32}- 
.58 - 



.504 
.5H 
.581 

.35 
.34i 
.65 



13. 00 -15. 00 
. 25 - .28 



.24 
.35 



.24 
.37 



7. 75 - 8. 60 



.35 - 
.33 - 



.24 - 
. 17.V- 



.38 
.35 



.32 
.23 



.161- -17^ 



1 F. o. b. afloat. 

2 September colored — September to April, inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August. 



o 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



FARMERS' 
BULLETIN 





Washington, D. C. 



672 



April 23, 1916. 



Contribution from the Bureau of Crop Estimates, Leon M. Estabrook, Chief. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



CONTENTS. 



Winter wheat and rye, April 1 , 1915 1 

United States beet-sugar crop, 1914 3 

Louisiana sugar crop of 1914 4 

The sugar supply 5 

Approximate commercial apple crop of 1914.. 6 

Florida and California crops 7 

Trend of prices of farm products 7 

The world wheat acreage in 1915 7 

Average sowings per acre in Europe and 

America 9 



Wagon hauls for farm products 11 

Concentrating and storage-in-transit arrange- 
ments in transporting farm products 15 

Live-stock losses and condition 16 

Apples in cold storage April 1, 1915, and 

progress of movement 19 

Condition and price of winter wheat and rye 

(table) 21 

Prices of farm products (tables) 22 



TIME OF ISSUANCE AND SCOPE OF MAY CROP REPORT. 

A summary of the May crop report of the Bureau of Crop Estimates will be issued 
on Friday, May 7, at 2.15 p. m. (eastern time). The report will give an estimate of the 
acreage of winter wheat remaining on May 1 to be harvested ; the condition on May 1 
of winter wheat, rye, meadow mowing lands, and pastures; farm supplies of hay on 
May 1; the per cent done on May 1 of the total spring plowing contemplated, and the 
per cent of spring planting done on May 1, 1915, with comparisons. 

WINTER WHEAT AND RYE. 

CONDITION AND PRICE APRIL 1, 1915. 

The Crop Reporting Board of the Bureau of Crop Estimates makes 
the following estimates from reports of its correspondents and agents : 

The average condition of winter wheat on April 1 was 88.8 per 
cent of a normal, against 95.6 on AprU 1, 1914, 91.6 on April 1, 1913, 
and 87.6, the average condition for the past 10 years on April 1, 
There was an increase in condition from December 1, 1914, to April 
1, 1915, of 0.5 point, as compared with an average decline in the 

89952°— BuU. 672—15 1 



2 FARMERS BULLETIN 672. 

past 10 years of 2.7 points between these dates. The acreage planted, 
as estimated last December, was 11.1 per cent larger than the acreage 
planted in the preceding year. 

The average condition of rye on April 1 was 89.5 per cent of a 
normal, against 91.3 on April 1, 1914, 89.3 on April 1, 1913, and 90.1," 
the average condition for the past 10 years on April 1. 

Comparisons for winter wheat and rye States are shown in Table 10, 
page 21. 

FORECAST OF WINTER- WHEAT PRODUCTION. 

The par, or 100 per cent normal, condition of wheat on April 1 may 
be regarded as equivalent to approximately 16.9 bushels per acre 
planted; hence a condition of 88.8 would indicate 15 bushels, which, 
on the 41,263,000 acres planted, would give a total production of 
619,000,000 bushels, as compared with a final estimate of "684,990,000 
last year, 523,561,000 two years ago, 399,919,000 three years ago, 
and 430,656,000 four years ago. 

In forecasting this quantity of 619,000,000 bushels, it should be 
considered as the amount of which the probability is about equal 
that the outturn will be above or below it; the crop will be larger or 
smaller than this amount according as the changes in condition from 
now to harvest are better or worse than average changes from April 1 
to harvest. 

WEATHER IN GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. 

In a general way, the wheat crop suffered more than the average in 
the Atlantic Coast States as a result of a cold, dry, windy March, 
without adequate snow covering; in the Central States east of the 
Mississippi River, the crop declined slightly during the winter, but not 
more than usual; reports of prevalence of Hessian fly are made from 
many places in this section, which gives some apprehension. Great 
improvement in the condition was made in the western part of the 
grain belt, namely, in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma, which 
caused a general average condition on April 1 slightly higher than on 
December 1, although the average of the past 10 years on April 1 
was 2.7 points lower than on December 1. In the Pacific Northwest 
large yields aref anticipated. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 
UNITED STATES BEET-SUGAR CROP, 1914. 



3 



Details of the 1914-15 beet-sugar campaign and the three earlier 
ones are shown in Table 1. 

Table 1. — Siigar-beet and beet-sugar production in the United States, 1911-1914. 
(.Figures for 1914 are subject to slight revision.] 





Fac- 
tories 

in 
oper- 
ation. 


Aver- 
age 
length 

cam- 
paign. 


Sugar 

made 

(chiefly 

refined). 


Beets used lor sugar. 


Analysis of 
beets. 


Average 

extraction of 

sugar. 


State, and year 
of beet harvest. 


Area. 


Aver- 
age 

yield 
per 

acre. 


Produc- 
tion. 


Aver- 
age 
price 
per 
ton. 


Per- 
cent- 
age 
of su- 
crose.i 


Pu- 
rity 
coeffi- 
cient.2 


Per- 
cent- 
age 
of 
beets. 


Per 
short 

ton 

of 

beets. 


California: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Colorado- 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Idaho: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Michigan: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Ohio: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

Utah: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Wisconsin: 

1914* 


No. 
10 
12 
11 
10 

13 
14 
17 
14 

4 
4 
4 
3 

15 
15 
16 
17 

3 
6 
5 

7 
7 
6 
6 


Days. 
97 
99 
90 

98 

96 
96 
91 
63 

78 
77 
64 
91 

68 
82 
74 
122 

56 
80 
91 

100 
90 
97 
96 


Tom.3 
169,004 
171,208 
158,904 
161,300 

220,799 
229,274 
216,010 
124,800 

39,613 
29,620 
24,761 
26,730 

110,630 
122,424 
95,049 
125,500 

21,425 
28,687 
28,503 

78,619 
67,231 
69, 5n 
67,280 


Acres. 
104,000 
127,610 
111,416 

99,545 

135,400 
168,410 
144,999 
86,437 

25,300 
22,497 
19,952 
17,052 

101,300 
107,965 
124,241 
145,837 

17,800 
30,601 
27,062 

41,300 
39.472 
37; 000 
33,950 


Tom.3 

10.4 
8.92 
9.01 

10.42 

12.6 
10.93 
11.32 
11.07 

10.5 
9.90 
8.56 

12.11 

8.6 
8.85 
6.76 
9.90 

10.4 

7.84 
9.72 

13.7 
12.21 
12.03 
13.08 


Tom.s 
1,082,000 
1,138,003 
1,004,328 
1,037,283 

1,706,300 

1,840,663 

1,641,861 

957, 142 

264,400 
222,612 
170,619 
206,367 

867,100 

955,242 

838,784 

1,443,856 

184,700 
240,436 
263,005 

564,600 
481,863 
446, 130 
442,310 


Dolls. 
5.68 
6.10 
6.46 
5.64 

5.68 
5.67 
5.96 
6.56 

4.96 
4.99 
6.18 
5.02 

5.23 
6.93 
5.69 
6.74 

6.01 
5.34 
5.31 

4.79 
4.81 
4.90 
4.81 


P.ct. 

18.46 
18.04 
18.79 
18.95 

15.36 
14.92 
16.19 
16.44 

17.78 
16.24 
17.37 
16.65 

15.78 
15.82 
14.72 
14.59 

14.60 
14.46 
13.95 

17.03 
15.07 
16.37 
15.98 


P.ct. 

82.70 
86.26 
83.99 
82.04 

84.22 
84.01 
84.81 
81.22 

87.74 
86.35 
88.01 
88.26 

82.85 
82.61 
83.75 
80.00 

83.82 
82.95 
81.36 

85.60 
83.86 
86.29 
86.10 


P.ct. 
15.62 
15.05 
15.82 
15.65 

12.94 
12.46 
13.16 
13.04 

14.98 
13.31 
14.61 
12.96 

12.91 
12.82 
11.33 
8.69 

11.60 
11.93 
10.84 

13.92 
12.08 
13.38 
12.95 


Lbs. 
312 
301 
316 
311 

259 
249 
263 
261 

300 
266 
290 
259 

258 
256 

227 
174 

232 
239 
217 

278 
242 
168 
269 


1913 

1912 

1911 

Other States: & 

1914 

1913 

1912 

19116 


4 
4 
4 

8 
10 
10 

12 


67 
91 
106 

76 
68 
78 
83 


12,653 
23,260 
23,640 

81,964 
82,404 
86,498 
80,250 


11,800 
20,172 
23,241 

58,300 
71,591 
70,458 
67,815 


9.66 
10.27 
11.02 

10.8 
9.31 
9.28 

10.61 


114,000 
207,086 
266,124 

629,600 
666,664 
653,665 
719,261 


6.80 
6.84 
6.61 

6.67 
6.66 
5.82 
5.48 


14.10 
15.10 
14.23 

15.80 
14.99 
16.37 
16.16 


'84."3i' 
81.00 

83.35 
81.89 
83.89 
84.51 


11.01 
11.23 
9.23 

13.02 
12.36 
13.23 
11.16 


220 
225 
185 

260 
247 
265 
223 


United States: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 


60 
71 

73 

66 


85 
85 
86 
94 


722,054 
733,401 
692,656 
599,600 


483,400 
580,006 
655,300 
473,877 


10.9 
9.76 
9.41 

10.68 


6,288,500 
6,659,462 
6,224,377 
5,062,333 


6.45 
6.69 
6.82 
5.50 


16.38 
16.7': 
16. 31 

15.88 


83.89 
83.22 
'84.49 
82.21 


13.66 
12.96 
13.26 
11.84 


273 

269 
265 
237 



1 Based upon weight of beets. 

2 Percentage of sucrose (pure sugar) in the total soluble solids of the beets. 

3 Short tons (2,000 pounds). 

* Included with " Other States, " as only 1 factory operated. 

5 The 8 factories in "Other States" in 1914 were located as follows: Indiana, 1; Illinois, 1; Wisconsin, 1; 
Minnesota, 1; Nebraska, 2; Kansas, 1; and Montana, 1. 
6 Including Ohio in 1911. 

A rich sugar content of beets and a high percentage of extraction 
helped to make a good crop of beet sugar in the United States in the 
campaign beginning in 1914. The production amounted to 722,054 
short tons, or about 11,000 tons less than in 1913. The area har- 



4 FAEMEES BULLETIN 672. 

vested in 1914 amounted to 483,400 acres, or nearly 100,000 acres 
less than the year before. A favorable growing season, however, 
resulted in an average yield per acre of nearly 11 tons, the largest 
since 1906 and the second largest during the 14 years covered by this 
department's beet-sugar reports. The average price, in spite of the 
lower basis for payment, reached $5.45 per ton, which was 24 cents 
less than the average for the preceding year. 

Another noteworthy feature in the campaign beginning in 1914 
was the smaller difference between the actual sugar in the beets and 
the actual amount extracted than in former years. In 1914 the 
beets averaged in content 16.38 per cent sugar, while the actual 
sugar made was equal to 13.65 per cent of the beets, thus leaving 
2.73 per cent of the beets as representing the sugar left in pulp and 
in other by-products. In 1913 this nonextracted sugar was equal 
to 2.82 per cent of the beets and in every other preceding year the 
figure exceeded 3 per cent. 



LOUISIANA SUGAR CROP OF 1914. 

Table 2. — Cane-sugar production of Louisiana, 1911-1914. 



Parish where sugar 
was made, and 
year. 



Ascension: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Assumption: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Iberia: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Iberville: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911..;.. 
Lafourche: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

St. James: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

St. John: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 



Fac- 
tories 

oper- 
ating. 



Num- 
ber. 
3 

4 
7 
7 

17 

17 
16 
23 

7 
10 

9 
13 

15 
14 
11 

IS 

13 
13 
9 
16 

16 
17 
10 
20 



Sugar made. 



Quan- 
tity. 



Short 
tons. 
5,800 
10,808 
8,342 
14,496 

22,500 
28,664 
14,457 
35,950 

8,000 
15,925 
10,999 
29,949 

18,900 

19, 187 

7,942 

23,759 

34,300 
35,021 
11,728 
42,001 

16,900 
19,970 
9,368 
20,760 

13,900 
13, 596 
11,289 
14,935 



Av- 



per 
short 
ton of 
cane. 



Lbs. 
138 
133 
134 
124 

136 
124 
119 
107 

165 
156 
156 
129 

134 
122 
112 



153 
131 
122 
119 

131 
122 
97 
115 

134 
115 
140 
108 



Cane 
used for 
sugai'. 



Short 

tons. 

84,000 
163,000 
124,934 
234, 719 

331,000 
462,000 
243, 864 
673,263 

97,000 
204,000 
140, 932 
464,491 

283,000 
315,000 
141,581 
481,545 

447,000 
535,000 
191,714 

707,704 

258, 000 
327,000 
192, 537 
361,537 

207,000 
236, 000 
161, 790 
275,536 



Parish where sugar 
was made, and 
year. 



St. Martin: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

St. Mary: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

Terrebonne: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 

West Baton Rouge 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 , 

Lafayette and Ver 
milion: 

1914 

1913 

1912 , 

1911 , 

other parishes: i 

1914 , 

1913 

1912 , 

1911 , 

Total Louisiana: 

1914 

1913 

1912 

1911 



Fac- 


Sugar made. 




Av- 


tories 




erage 


oper- 


Quan- 


per 


ating. 


tity. 


short 
ton of 
cane. 


Num- 


Short 




ber. 


tons. 


Lbs. 


3 


5,000 


179 


3 


8,114 


157 


3 


5,382 


173 


4 


13,719 


139 


20 


38,000 


176 


22 


54, 689 


165 


15 


25,597 


176 


26 


57,602 


133 


13 


23,900 


162 


13 


24, 631 


140 


14 


14, 463 


150 


14 


27,462 


124 


11 


16,300 


152 


10 


15,305 


136 


10 


9,328 


147 


10 


17,235 


110 


6 


14,900 


183 


6 


23, 104 


168 


6 


14,547 


177 


5 


23,480 


140 


17 


24,300 


146 


16 


23, 684 


134 


11 


10, 131 


158 


24 


31,526 


119 


149 


242, 700 


152 


153 


292,698 


139 


126 


153,573 


142 


188 


352,874 


120 



Cane 
used for 
sugar. 



Short 
tons. 

56,000 
103,000 

62, 165 
197, 614 

431,000 
663,000 
291,387 
866,744 

295,000 
352, 000 
191,984 
442,218 

214,000 
225,000 
127, 196 
314,472 



163,000 
276,000 
164, 580 
336, 427 

333,000 
353,000 
127,910 
530,962 

3,199,000 
4,214,000 
2,162,574 
5,887,292 



1 Avoyelles, Rapides, St. Landry, East Baton Rouge, Pointe Coupee, West Feliciana, Jefferson, Orleans, 
Plaquemines, and St. Charles. 

Note. — The average yield per acre of cane used for sugar in Louisiana was 15 short tons in 1914; 17 in 
1913; 11 in 1912; and 19 tons in 1911. One short ton equals 2,000 pounds. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 5 

The sugar crop of Louisiana for the season just closed amounted 
to 242,700 short tons, or practically 50,000 less than in 1913. The 
yield per acre of the cane used for this sugar was 15 tons in 1914, or- 
2 tons less than in 1913. More sugar, however, was obtained per 
ton of cane in 1914 than m the preceding year, and in fact more than 
in any other of the four years for which this department has made 
report. The 1914 season was one of a hght tonnage of cane per 
acre and comparatively large sugar content. 

About one-half of the 1914 output of Louisiana sugar consisted 
of grades above 96° polarization and ready for immediate sale to 
the trade. In 1912 and 1913 only one-thii-d of the total output 
consisted of grades above 96°. 

Details of the campaigns of 1914 and three preceding years are 
shown in Table 2, which is based upon reports for all operating 
factories. (See p. 4.) 

THE SUGAR SUPPLY. 

By Frank Andrews, Chief of Division of Crop Records. 

PRODUCTION IN CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES. 

Favorable crop conditions resulted in a total production in the 
United States (excluding Texas) of practically 965,000 short tons of 
sugar in 1914. The production in 1913 on a much larger acreage 
amounted to 1,025,000 short tons. Four years ago, in the campaign 
beginning in 1910, the production amounted to 853,000 tons; in 1905 
it was 689,000, and in 1901, 545,000 tons. Texas produced in 1909, 
according to the census, nearly 8,000 tons, and the production in 
1914 was probably much less. 

IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS. 

From three-fourths to four-fifths of the sugar used in the United 
States is brought from foreign countries and the insular possessions. 
The net receipts from these sources during the calendar year 1914 
amounted to 3,419,000 short tons; in the preceding year, 3,253,000; 
in 1912, 3,030,000; and in 1911, 2,934,000 short tons. Shipments 
out of the United States are generally small, rarely above 50,000 
tons a year. In the calendar year 1914, however, over 208,000 tons 
were shipped to foreign countries and about 8,000 to Hawaii and 
Porto Rico. Imports of foreign sugar were large in 1914, amounting 
to 2,535,000 tons as against 2,337,000 in 1913, 2,017,000 in 1912, and 
1,866,000 in 1911. 

Receipts from Hawaii in the calendar year 1914 were 605,000 tons, 
an increase of practically 67,000 over the preceding year; receipts 
from Porto Rico amounted to 321,000, or 54,000 less than in 1913; 
while imports from the Philippine Islands reached 174,000 tons, 
which was 130,000 over the abnormally low figure of 1913 and 33,000 
above 1912. The Hawaiian crop, aH but a small fraction of which 
comes to this country, reached 612,000 short tons during the year 



6 FAEMEBS' BULLETIN 672. 

ending September 30, 1914. This was an increase of more than 
65,000 tons over the preceding year, and was the largest on record. 
Details concerning this crop are given in Farmers' Bulletin 665, 
pages 5 and 6. 

All but a relatively small part of the foreign sugar brought to this 
country comes from Cuba. The present campaign in Cuba, which is 
about half over (April 1), promises a somewhat lower yield than a 
year ago, according to unofl&cial reports. 

SUGAR PRICES. 

Prices March 25, 1915, showed granulated sugar at New York 5.8 
cents per pound, as compared with 3.8 a year ago, 4.2 about the same 
date 1913, and 5.3 about the end of March, 1912. The price of raw 
sugar of 96 degrees polarization had reached 4.95 cents per pound 
by March 25, 1915, which was exactly 2 cents above the quotation 
of one year ago, and 0.59 of 1 cent over the price March 28, 1912. 

EUROPEAN BEET-SUGAR IN 1914. 

The International Institute of Agriculture, reporting for the 1914 
beet-sugar campaign up to the end of December, gives the following 
figures for the production of 1914 expressed as percentages of the 
1913 crop: Austria 100.5, Hungary 86.0, Netherlands 128.0, Rou- 
mania 111.3, Sweden 107.3, and Switzerland 116.5. The large pro- 
ducing countries — Germany, France, and Russia — it wiU be noted, 
as well as Denmark, Belgium, and Italy, are not included in this 
report. Austria and Hungary together, however, produce normally 
about 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 short tons, about four-fifths of which is 
made in Austria. 



APPROXIMATE COMMERCIAL APPLE CROP, 1914. 

Table 3. — Apple crops of 1913 and 1914: Percentage shipped out of counties where grown. 

[Figures for 1913 were based upoB reports from the State aids; for 1914 from reports of the field agents and 
township correspondents. Bulls shipments, as well as barrel and box shipments, are included.] 



Geographic division. 



From crop of- 



1913 1914 



New England 

Middle Atlantic 

South Atlantic 

North Central east of Mississippi River. 
North Central west of Mississippi River 
South Central east of Mississippi River. 
South Central west of Mississippi River. 

Rocky Mountain 

Pacific 

United States 



Per cent. 
47 
53 
32 
36 
20 
8 
34 
61 
55 



Per cent. 
44 
42 
33 
21 
21 
16 
39 
45 
52 



38 



Shipments out of counties are estimated to equal about 59,600,000 
bushels from the 1913 crop and 98,400,000 bushels from the 1914 crop. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 
FLORIDA AND CALIFORNIA CROPS. 



The condition on April 1, with comparisons, of the principal crops 
in Florida and Cahfornia, on the basis of 100 representing a normal, is 
shown in Table 4. 

Table 4. — Florida and California crop reports. 





Florida. 


California. 


Item. 


Apr. 1— 


Mar. 1, 
1915. 


Apr. 1— 


Mar. 1, 




1915 


1914 


1913 


1915 


1914 


1913 


1915. 


Orange trees 


90 


102 


95 


92 


98 
99 


98 
94 




98 
97 


Lemon trees 


Lime trees 


90 
92 
90 
83 

85 
84 
75 
90 
74 
79 


100 
101 
80 
85 
82 
90 
87 
82 
80 
92 


100 
97 
92 
88 
79 
90 
95 
92 
87 
95 


90 
93 
86 


Grapefruit trees 










Pineapples 










Peaches 










Pears 












Strawberries 












Pasture 


82 
85 
65 
89 










Cabbages 










Tomatoes 










White potatoes 










Celerv 


198 
96 


196 

94 


192 

94 


91 


Cauliflower 


::::::::..:::::■" 




94 









1 Production compared with a full crop. 

TREND OF PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

The level of prices paid producers of the United States for the 
principal crops increased about 0.2 per cent during March; iix the past 
seven years the price level has increased during March 1.6 per cent. 

On April 1 the index figure of crop prices was about 7.5 per cent 
higher than a year ago, 27 per cent higher than two years ago, and 
10.5 per cent higher than the average of the past seven years on 
April 1. 

The level of prices paid to producers of the United States for meat 
animals on March 15 was the same as on February 15. This com- 
pares with an average increase from February 15 to March 15 in the 
past five years of 3.7 per cent. 

On March 15 the average (weighted) price of meat animals — hogs, 
cattle, sheep, and chickens — was $6.46 per 100 pounds, which com- 
pares with $7.37 a year ago, $7.08 two years ago, $5.69 three years 
ago, $6.09 four years ago, and $7.39 five years ago on March 15. 

A tabulation of prices is shown in Tables 11 to 13, 



THE WORLD WHEAT ACREAGE IN 1915. 

By Charles M. Daugherty. 

MOVEMENT TO INCREASE WINTER-WHEAT PRODUCTION. 

Rapidly advancing prices, excited markets, and enormous trans- 
actions in wheat during the past seven months in most countries, 
vague apprehensions of the eventual exhaustion of supplies in others, 



8 farmers' bulletin 672. 

and a subconscious realization of the calamitous consequences that 
might result from any material shortage in the world crop in 1915 
have, with other causes, given great impetus to an almost universal 
movement to expand the acreage seeded for the approaching harvest. 
The effects of that impetus are now to some extent apparent. 

Sowings of winter wheat in the Northern Hemisphere have, in so 
far as known, been pretty generally on an extensive scale, excepting 
in some of the European countries involved in war. In the United 
States, British India, and Canada the area sown last autumn was 
increased by about 8,500,000 acres over that of the year before; there 
was also some expansion in the neutral comitries of southwestern 
Europe; but to what extent these increases may have been counter- 
acted, or amiulled, by the contraction of autumn seedings in northern 
and eastern Europe, due to the scarcity of rural labor and animal 
power and to the occupation of farm land by military forces, is not 
yet determinable. * 

REDUCTION IN COUNTRIES AT WAR. 

The aggregate acreage ordinarily sown to winter wheat in the con- 
tending countries of Europe is about 55,000,000 acres. A reduction 
in that acreage of over 15 per cent would be necessary to offset the 
8,500,000 acres increase m the aggregate sowings of the three export- 
ing countries mentioned above. That there has been a reduction is 
generally admitted. Doubt arises oiJy as to its extent. The area 
under wheat in the British Isles is officially estimated as larger than 
in 1914; the Russian acreage is a little less extensive than last year. 
Belgium is not an important wheat producer and Germany's acreage, 
usually only about 5,000,000 acres, is, it is claimed, a large one. 

It is therefore apparent that whatever contraction there may 
have been in the winter-wheat acreage of the countries at war has 
occiu"red for the most part in France, Austria-Hungary, and Serbia. 
Their aggregate wmter-wheat area in time of peace is normally about 
29,000,000 acres. 

SPRING-WHEAT ACREAGE. 

In view of these and other facts, it seems logical that, weather and 
labor conditions favoring, there would be a heavy extension this 
season in the sowing of spring wheat. Of the approximately 240,- 
000,000 acres of wheat in the world, between 85,000,000 and 90,000,000 
are of this variety. Practically the entire crop is the product of three 
countries — Russia (including Asiatic), the United States, and Canada. 
Russia in the best years sows about 60,000,000 acres, the United 
States 20,000,000 acres (last year 17,533,000), and Canada 10,000,000 
acres (9,320,000 in 1914). Though the next most important 
producing coimtries are France and Germany, their combined acreage 
in average years is less than a mOlion acres. In other European 
countries than those mentioned spring-wheat culture is ordinarily 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 9 

on such a small scale as to be almost negligible. The cultivation of 
this variety" is not popular either in the States of central or western 
Europe. Even in France and Germany increases above the normal 
area are usually due to the failure of winter wheat in localities. 

LARGE INCREASE OP SPRING- WHEAT ACREAGE IN 1915 NOT INDICATED. 

Though no definite figures upon the extent sown in the different 
countries this spring have yet been published, present indications 
do not point to the heavy increase in the world's acreage that was 
at one time anticipated. Owing to the prolonged closing of the 
Dardanelles and most other routes of export, the surplus wheat still 
remaining in Russia from the last harvest is believed to be very 
heavy. The depressing effect of this unexported surplus upon the 
Russian markets, together with the strained labor situation and 
other abnormal economic conditions incident to the war, seem to be 
having a restraining influence upon seeding operations; late com- 
mercial reports suggest a probable reduction in the Russian spring- 
wheat area of 10 to 15 per cent. Should this expectation be realized, 
it wUl go far toward neutralizing the heavy increase in sowings 
expected in all other spring-wheat countries combined, and leave 
the world's acreage little, if any, larger than that of last year. 



AVERAGE SOWINGS PER ACRE IN EUROPE AND AMERICA. 

By Charles M. Daugherty. 

EUROPEAN SOWINGS ARE LARGER. 

In most, and probably in all, European countries it is quite the 
general custom to sow, on an average, a larger quantity of wheat and 
other cereals per acre than is sown either in the United States or in 
other countries of the Western Hemisphere. What amount to sow 
per unit of surface in order to produce the best results is in all coun- 
tries a mooted question. Variations in an agricultural usage of this 
kind can not, of course, be rigidly outlined by State boundaries. They 
arise, rather, from differences in climate and character of soil, from 
extensive or intensive systems of farming, from diverse economic 
causes, and even from precedent, local tradition, etc. Political bound- 
aries alone rarely differentiate the agricultural methods and cus- 
toms of neighboring peoples. 

In the quantity of seed sown per acre, however, there is an appre- 
ciable difference between the customs of western, central, and eastern 
Europe — a more striking one still between those of the Continent of 
Europe, as a whole, and of the countries of America. 

In Great Britain, though the quantity of wheat seeded per acre 
varies in different localities with the quality of the soil, weather con- 
89952°— Bull. 612—15 2 



10 PARMEES' BULLETIN 672. 

ditions at seed time, tillering habits of varieties grown, methods of 
sowing, and features of cultivation, farmers drill on an average about 2 
bushels per acre of winter wheat and 3 of spring. Years ago, when 
broadcasting was more common, the general average for winter wheat 
was as much as 2§ bushels. Seedings in France, Belgium, and the 
Netherlands are, for the most part, on a like liberal scale, the winter 
variety being sown at the average rate of 2 bushels per acre and over, 
and the spring somewhat more heavily. The tendency in the warmer 
latitudes of Italy and Spain is to plant less thickly, the general average 
in the former being 1.9 bushels and 2 bushels in the latter. 

Wheat farming in the prmcipal producing countries of central and 
eastern Europe, though yields per acre are in general smaller than in 
the northwestern part of that Continent, is also characterized by gen- 
erous seedings. In Austria, Roumania, and Bulgaria the average rate 
per acre is probably greater than in any other European country, and 
amounts, for winter wheat — practically the only variety raised— to 
upward of 2.5 bushels; the average in Himgary is 2.2 bushels per 
acre. 

Great local variations in the quantity sown naturally occur in a 
country where conditions of climate and soil are so diversified as in 
European Russia. The average per acre for the entire country, how- 
ever, is officially given as a trifle less than 2 bushels for winter wheat 
and 1.6 bushels for spring. An unusual feature of Russian seeding 
is that a smaller quantity of spring wheat is sown per unit of surface 
than of the winter variety; in most countries of Europe the opposite 
is true. 

IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE. 

From various and not always obvious reasons farmers in the West- 
ern Hemisphere seed less abundantly. In the United States, ac- 
cording to an estimate of the Department of Agriculture, the bulk of 
the wheat sowings in 1912 ranged, by States, between 1.25 and 1.75 
bushels per acre, the general average of the entire Republic bemg only 
1.38 bushels. The average per acre in Canada, doubtless due partly 
to the fact that the bulk of the crop is spring wheat, is heavier, and, 
taking one year with another, amounts to about 1.6 bushels. In the 
Argentine Repubhc and in Uruguay very moderate seeding is the 
practice, the average in each country being, respectively, about 1.2 
and 1 bushel per acre. The standard in Chile presents a rather re- 
markable exception to that of the neighboring Republics, grain being 
sown at a rate per acre similar to that adopted in European countries. 

BUSHELS SOWN PER ACRE IN MANY COUNTRIES. 

The following statement, from official sources, shows the average 
quantity of wheat, rye, barley, and oats sown per acre in various 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 



11 



nations. The figures do not represent the average sowmgs for a uni- 
form series of years in each country, but are designed to represent the 
situation, in so far 'as figures are available. 

Table 5. — Average quantity of wheat, rye, barley, and oats sown per acre in under- 
mentioned countries. 

[Bushels: Wheat, 60; rye, 56; barley, 48; and oats, 32 pounds.] 



Countries. 


Wheat 
sown. 


Rye sown. 


Barley 
sown. 


Oats sown. 


EUROPE. 


Bu.per acre. 

2.00 

2.33 

2.10 

1.86 

2.00 

f 1 2. 29 

\ 2 2. 45 

2.26 

2.97 

f 12.53 

\ 2 2. 74 

2.20 

2.53 

/ 13.21 

\ a 2. 38 

/ 11.97 

\ a 1. 67 

1.38 
1.62 
1.19 
2.50 
.97 

.97 
2.00 

.88 
2.76 


Bu.per acre. 
3.00 
3.00 
2.00 
2.23 
1.91 

1 2.28 
2.82 
2.71 

} 2.71 

2.15 
2.63 
13.06 
33.03 
12.17 
8 2.05 

1.44 
1.50 


Bu.per acre. 
2.60 
2.92 
2.50 
1.86 
2.60 

2.71 

1.75 
1.70 

2.79 

2.66 

2.79 

13.44 

8 2.60 

V 2.34 

1.84 

2.00 

.74 

3.16 


Bu. per acre. 
4.07 




5.25 




2.34 


Italy . 


3.35 




2.37 


Belgium 

Netherlands 


4.26 
2.87 


Switzerland 

Austria 


4.74 
4.46 




3.32 




3.35 




^ 4.10 
4.50 




AMERICA. 

United States 


2.37 




2.69 




«1.11 


Chile 




«4.23 






1.87 


OTHER. 


.87 


1.30 
3.00 
1.18 
2.59 


2.03 




3.00 






1.05 















1 Winter. 



2 Spring. 



3 Average, 1908-1912. 



* Average, 1908-9 to 1912-13. 



WAGON HAULS FOR FARM PRODUCTS. 

By Frank Andrews, Chief of Division of Crop Records. 

AVERAGE DISTANCE AND TRIPS PER DAY. 

An inquiry just completed by the Bureau of Crop Estimates shows 
an average distance from market of 6.5 miles for the farms of the 
United States, while those farthest away from market (excluding of 
course the rarer instances) average 8.7 miles. The number of round 
trips per day averages for all farms 2.1, and for the more remote 
farms 1.6 trips; in other words, it requires about one-half a day for 
the average farmer to make a round trip with wagon from farm to 
market and back, and averages nearly two-thirds of a day for the 
farmers who are farthest from market. 

The averages and the details shown in Table 6 are based upon 
reports from township and county correspondents and traveling field 
agents of the Bureau of Crop Estimates. 



12 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 672. 

COMPARISON OF CORN, WHEAT, AND COTTON. 

In comparing the figures for individual States it will be noted 
tliat the longer hauls are generally in the cottorf States and in the 
Rocky Mountain region. It will be noted also that the smaller loads 
are in the cotton States. The average size of a wagonload of cotton 
in the United States is 3 bales, or about 1,500 pounds, while the 
average wagonload of wheat is 53.5 bushels, or 3,200 pounds. In 
the cotton country loads of corn and wheat are much smaller than in 
other parts of the United States, possibly due to the fact that the 
principal product hauled influences greatly the size of load for other 
products in the same region. It is interesting to note that while the 
size of the cotton load is much smaller than that of the corn load, 
the value of the former is very much greater; the average value of a 
load of cotton, based on farm prices December 1, 1913, was $183; 
for wheat, $43; and for corn, $28. The higher the price of a given 
product the smaller is the load which the farmer can afford to haul. 
Also the more valuable the product the longer is the haul which can 
be profitably made. 

WAGON HAULS SHORTER THAN NINE YEARS AGO. 

In 1906 the Bureau of Crop Estimates (then the Bureau of Sta- 
tistics) of the Department of Agriculture made an inquiry through 
county correspondents as to wagon hauls for farm products (see 
Bulletin 49, Bureau of Statistics). The figures for 1906 are not 
strictly comparable with those for 1915, but it is evident that wagon 
hauls are shorter than they were nine years ago. In 1906 the average 
haul from farm to shipping point was, for wheat, 9.4 miles; corn, 7.4; 
oats, 7.3; potatoes, 8.2; and cotton, 11.8 miles; each of these staple 
crops was hauled a longer distance in 1906 than the general average 
haul in 1915 (6.5 miles). It is noted also that the average number of 
round trips per day for all farm-to-market hauls was 2.1 in 1915. In 
1906 the average number of round trips per day for hauling wheat 
was 1.2; for corn, 1.7; and for cotton, 1.0. 

Raiboad building during the past nine years has brought some 
farms nearer to shipping points and markets, and has helped to 
shorten the average distance hauled and to increase the average 
number of trips per day. During the seven years following 1906 
more than 32,000 miles of new railroad were built, and several thou- 
sand more miles have been added since 1913, so that there are at 
least 15 per cent more miles of steam railroads in the United States 
now than in 1906. In addition to this new mileage of steam railroads, 
the hauls of some farmers have no doubt been shortened by new 
freight-carrying electric raih'oads. 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 13 

TIME REQUIRED. 

The number of days required to haul from farms the marketed 
portion of the corn, wheat, and cotton crops is estimated in Table 6. 
It would require about 6,358,000 days for one wagon, or about 6,358,- 
000 wagons for one day, to haul from farms the marketed portion of 
an average corn crop; the corresponding figure for wheat is about 
6,857,000, and for cotton 2,532,000. 

COST OF WAGON HAULING. 

The time required is an element in the cost of producing and 
marketing crops. From the farmer's point of view it is an element 
of cost of production. The cost of hauling was not estimated for 
1915. A simple schedule of inquiry was desired in order to obtain 
a large number of returns for the most important items related to 
hauling, and extra questions weaken an mvestigation by reducing 
the number of replies. However, in 1906 the estimated cost of 
hauling per day for each wagon averaged: For wheat, $3.60; corn, $3; 
and cotton, $2.80. Wages of farm labor are higher in 1915 than in 
1909. No figures for wages are available for 1906. Prices of feed 
in the winter of 1914-15 were much higher than in 1906-7. Farm 
prices, on December 1, for hay averaged for the United States $10.37 
per ton in 1906 and $11.12 in 1914; corn, 39.9 cents per bushel in 1906 
and 63.7 in 1914; and oats, 31.7 and 43.8 cents per bushel for the 
respective dates. The farm value of horses on January 1 averaged 
$93.51 per head m 1907 and $103.33 in 1915. These increases indi- 
cate a considerable rise in the average cost per day to the farmer of 
hauling his products. 

This higher cost per day is offset partly or wholly by the larger 
quantities hauled per day in 1915 compared with 1906. For instance, 
in 1906 an average day's haul of wheat was 1.2 loads of 55 bushels 
each, or a total of 56.1 bushels per day; in 1915 a day's haul aver- 
ages 2.1 loads of 53.5 bushels each, or a total of 112.4 bushels per 
day. Similar increases occurred in regard to corn and cotton. An 
average day's haul of cotton moved about 1,700 pounds m 1906 and 
about 3,000 pounds in 1915. Figures for average loads of corn in 
1915 are not comparable with those for 1906. The improvement of 
wagon roads during the past nine years has probably helped to in- 
crease the average quantity of farm products moved by a day's 
wagon haul. 



14 



PARMERS BULLETIN 6*72. 



Table 6. — Hauling crops from farms: Distance, time, and size of load. 
[These figures refer to wagon hauls from farms to all points at which products are delivered by fanners.] 



State. 


Aver- 
age 
for all 
farms, 
1915. 


Average for the 
more remote 
farms, 1915. 


Avera] 


e size of wagon 
oad, 1915. 


Estimated time spent in hauling 
from farms in an average year.i 


Dis- 
tance to 
market 

one 

way. 


Dis- 
tance to 
market 
one 

way. 


Round 
trips 
per 
day. 


Com 
(un- 
shel- 
led). 


Wheat 


Cotton 
(gin- 
ned). 


Corn. 


Wheat. 


Cotton. 


Maine 


Miles. 
5.5 
6.0 
5.8 
6.0 
6.0 

4.7 
5.0 
5.5 
6.6 
4.6 

6.0 
7.8 
7.0 
7.5 
0.0 

6.9 
7.0 
4.0 
4.3 
4.1 

5.3 
5.3 
5.5 

4.6 
6.5 

7.0 
8.0 
7.0 
5.8 
7.5 

7.0 
7.5 
8.0 
6.0 
7.6 

7.6 

7.5 

10.6 

12.5 

10.0 

14.0 
8.0 
11.0 
18.0 
6.8 

7.6 
7.6 
8.0 


Miles. 
8.0 
7.5 
8.0 
9.0 
8.1 

6.6 
7.0 
7.5 
7.5 
5.2 

7.6 
10.4 

9.0 
10.0 

9.0 

8.6 
8.0 
6.3 
7.0 
6.6 

7.5 
7.5 
7.0 
5.5 
9.0 

9.4 
10.0 
9.0 
7.5 
10.0 

9.0 
10.5 
10.0 

8.0 
11.0 

10.0 
10.0 
13.6 
15.5 
12.0 

16.5 
11.5 
14.0 
25.0 
10.5 

9.1 
16.5 
12.6 


Num- 
ber. 
1.6 
1.2 
1.2 
1.4 
1.3 

1.4 
1.7 
1.8 
1.7 
2.0 

1.8 
1.5 
1.3 
1.6 
1.5 

1.7 
1.9 
1.8 
1.5 
2.3 

1.6 

1.5 
1.6 
1.8 
1.4 

1.3 

1.5 
1.6 
1.8 
1.2 

1.6 
1.3 
1.3 

1.8 
1.2 

1.3 

1.6 
1.2 
1.0 
1.2 

1.2 

1.7 

1.0 

.8 

1.5 

1.5 
1.2 
1.6 


Bush- 
els. 
64 
64 
54 
51 
47 

52 
55 
50 
65 
40 

56 
34 
37 
26 
22 

21 
17 
45 
41 
40 

58 
46 
40 
45 
30 

58 
41 
38 
38 
28 

26 
21 
20 
25 
27 

38 
22 
43 

42 
40 

33 
43 
60 

■"so"' 

60 
45 
70 


Bush- 
els. 
53 
50 
48 
50 
35 

47 
48 
48 
4S 
45 

50 
36 
34 
26 
24 

25 

S3" 

54 
48 

49 
46 
49 
48 
39 

66 
56 
53 
53 

38 

33 

25 
25 
32 
42 

50 
30 
63 
56 
55 

43 
56 
62 
60 
66 

80 
66 
70 


Bales. 


Daps. 
600 
400 
200 


Days. 
600 


Days. 


New Hampshire 




Vermont 


300 




Massachusetts 




Rhode Island 


""s.o 

3.3 

3.3 

2.3 

"'"3."6' 

3.0 
2.8 
2.7 
3.0 
3.0 

2.8 
2.6 


500 

1,400 
3,400 
13, 600 

78, 000 
26,800 

51,500 
81, 100 
29,400 
99, 600 
51,700 

113, 200 

30, 300 

267,300 

456, 500 

1,020,400 

43,200 

43,900 

100, 600 

983, 200 

435,400 

1,400 
202,900 
534, 200 
171,200 
346,300 

285,700 
58,000 

125,600 
64,300 

262,700 

263,100 

85,900 






Connecticut 






New York 


53, 400 

11.000 

184, 900 

18,700 

89,700 
122, 700 

54,700 
107, 900 

13,400 

24,300 




New Jersey 




Pennsylvania 




Delaware 




Maryland 




Virginia 

West Virginia 


4,600 


North Carolina 

South Carolina 

Georgia 


132, 200 
185, 700 

331,200 
11, 800 


Florida 


Ohio 


130, 500 
174, 000 
163, 100 

95, 200 

32, 800 

488, 300 

119,400 

397,400 

897,000 
353, 100 
621,000 
1,002,700 
142, 800 

120,900 
7,000 




Indiana 




lUinois 




Michigan 




Wisconsin 




Minnesota 




Iowa 




Missouri 


11,500 


North Dakota 


South Dakota 




Nebraska 




Kansas 




Kentucky 




Tennessee 


61,400 


Alabama 


293, 300 

298,800 

61,700 


Mississippi 


Louisiana 




Texas 


150,800 

360,500 
19,000 

181,200 
30,-000 

131,800 

23,800 
5,600 
78,800 
17,500 
89,200 

304,100 
102,400 
35,900 


747,400 

175,400 
214,600 


Oklahoma.. 


Arkansas 


Montana 




Wyoming 








Colorado 




12,900 

13,800 

1,800 

200 




New Mexico 




Arizona 




Utah 




Nevada 




Idaho 


""s.o 


400 

200 

300 

4,900 




Washington 




Oregon 




California 


1,200 






United States. . 


6.5 


8.7 


1.6 


40.5 


53.6 


3.0 


6,358,200 


5,857,400 


(2)2,532,300 



1 Based upon com and cotton crops of 1913, and average of the wheat crops of 1912 and 1914. Quantity 
hauled: For com ^= the crop X percentage marketed; for wheat = the crop, less seed; for cotton = the crop. 

2 Including 1,600 days for States of very small production. 



THE AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK. 15 

CONCENTRATING AND STORAGE-IN -TRANSIT ARRANGEMENTS IN 
TRANSPORTING FARM PRODUCTS. 

By T. F. Powell, Investigator in Transportation of Farm Products, Office of Markets 

and Rural Organization. 

The lack of proper assembling methods is one of the chief diffi- 
culties encountered in a successful solution of the marketing problem. 
In locahties where suitable common or cold storage f acihties are 
available, the growers of farm products would fiiid the concentration 
and storage-in-transit privileges two of the most desirable means for 
bringing about the widest distribution. Shippers, as a rule, are not 
famihar with these arrangements; if they were utilized more fre- 
quently it would enable shippers to move their freight to market 
in carload lots, thus securing the benefit of the lowest rates and the 
quickest service. 

Concentration is defined as the shipment in less than carloads of 
certain commodities to certain points, af tSr which the shipments are 
reforwarded in carload lots. 

Storage in transit is defined as the shipment in carloads to storage 
points of freight which has already been combined into carload 
lots under or independent of the concentrating arrangement. 

The concentrating privilege at the present time is confined largely 
to butter, cheese, eggs, and poultry and permits of grading, mixing, 
repacking, and storing. Under this arrangement five poultry in 
carloads is frequently shipped to a concentrating point and dressed 
poultry in carload lots is forwarded from such concentrating point. 
In some cases f=^pecial any-quantity rates are provided to concen- 
trating points. In other cases the carload rate in effect from original 
pomt of shipment to final destination is appfied plus an additional 
charge of 5 or 10 cents or more. 

The storage privilege is allowed on aU of the above conamodities, 
and concentrated carload shipments of such commodities forwarded 
from a concentrating point in some sections may be stopped once in 
transit for storage. Storage in transit independent of the concen- 
trating privilege is allowed also on gi*een apples in packages, onions, 
potatoes, celery, hay, grapes, and other produce in carload lots for 
periods varying from six months to a year. 

The privilege is granted free of charge in rare instances. Usually 
an additional charge of from 1^ to 3 cents per 100 pounds is made. 
Ordinarily the shipments pay fuU tariff' rate to the storage point and 
when reshipped the charges are adjusted on the basis of the through 
rate in effect at date of original shipment from point of origin to final 
destination plus the storage charge. Where both the concentrating 
and storage privileges are used, a separate charge for each privilege 
is made. 



16 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 672. 

The concentrating privilege can be utilized most successfully in cases 
where several small points of production of a particular commodity 
in certain districts are somewhat widely separated. It would be of 
advantage in such cases to concentrate small shipments and combine 
them into carload shipments at certain points and move them from 
these concentration points to distant markets, or, by also utilizing 
the storage-in-transit privilege to put the freight into storage at some 
convenient point and afterwards move it to final destination at the car- 
load rate. Arrangements of this kind would enable small producing 
points to reach markets which otherwise would be out of reach, and 
would benefit the railroads by giving them a long haul on the traffic. 

Concentrating rates are also of advantage to the railroads by in- 
creasing the size and regularity of shipments. They benefit the 
shippers by enabling them to secure the carload rates, to avoid 
handling in transit, to secure quicker service and to permit them to 
supply the markets at times when theu* products are most in demand. 

Both of the privileges are susceptible of much greater develop- 
ment in all sections and should be encouraged by the railroads. It 
would be well worth while for the railroads, as well as associations 
of shippers in various sections, to make a closer study of the suit- 
ability of such arrangements in particular localities. Such a study 
should be of especial interest to the shippers in the South, where 
many new problems connected with the distribution of new products 
must constantly arise for solution as crop diversification progresses. 

If any shippers feel that either of these transit privileges would be 
of benefit and are prepared to supply suitable warehouse facilities, 
they should then arrange to confer with officials of the interested rail- 
roads. In this way a friendly discussion would develop as to how the 
arrangements could be made to fit any particular local conditions. 

Shippers should always keep in mind, however, that service is the 
only thing the railroads have to sell and they should be willing to 
pay the railroads a fair additional charge for this or any other benefit 
which involves any extra cost on the part of the railroads, and 
which renders the service more valuable to the shippers. 



LIVE STOCK LOSSES AND CONDITION. 

The losses from disease of live stock in the United States amount 
to about $150,000,000 a year. This figure is based upon the aver- 
age rate of loss dm^ing the past 30 years applied to numbers and 
values of live stock January 1 last. The losses from exposure, 
estimated in the same way, amount to about $44,000,000 a year. 
In the past few years loss from disease is somewhat greater than the 
figure given above, largely on account of the hog cholera epidemic; 
but losses from exposure have been diminishing in recent years by 
reason of better shelter and care. 



THE AGEICULTTJEAL OUTLOOK. 



17 



Table 7. — Condition of farm animals and number of breeding sows, April 1, 1915, tuith 

comparisons. 



State. 



Horses. 



Cattle. 



1915 



10- 
year 
aver- 



1914 



10- 
year 
aver- 



Sheep. 



1915 



1914 



10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 



Swine. 



10- 
year 
aver- 



Maine 

New Hampshire. . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Khode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Carolina... 
South Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois , 

Michigaa , 

Wisconsin , 

Minnesota , 

Iowa 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky , 

Tennessee , 

Alabama , 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas , 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas , 

Montana , 

Wyoming , 

Colorado , 

New Mexico , 

Arizona , 

Utah 

Nevada , 

Idaho , 

Washington , 

Oregon , 

California , 

United States . 



P.c. 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 

99 



98 



97 



P.c. 



97 
97 
98 
98 
95 

97 
97 
97 
95 
94 

95 
96 
95 
94 
95 

96 

95 

99 

100 



P.c. 

98 
98 
99 



P.c. 



94 



99 



P.c. 

98 
97 



94 



97 
94 
94 

94 
94 
95 
94 

97 

96 
94 
98 
100 
97 

92 
96 



99 



P.C. 



P.c. 
99 
99 
97 

98 
97 



94 



P.C. 

98 
99 
99 
99 



98 
96 
94 
93 

94 
93 
95 
93 
96 

97 
92 
99 
100 
97 

92 

97 



100 
99 



P.c. 



95 



99 



P.c. 
97 
93 
97 
97 
96 



97 
101 



97 



95 



100 
97 



P.c. 

98 
97 
99 
97 



97 



96.6 



96.1 



94.6 



95.2 



93.5 



91.6 



I Number compared with Apr. 1, 1914. 



18 



FARMERS BULLETIN 672. 



Table 8 shows the estunated losses during the year 1913 and what 
would be the losses last year if the average rate of loss for 30 years 
were applied to numbers and values January 1, 1915: 

Table 8. — Losses of live stock from disease and exposure. 





1913 


Theoretical average loss, average 
rate applied to numbers and 
values January 1. 




Rate per 

1,000. 


Number 
loss. 


Value. 


Average 

rate per 

1,000. 


Number 
loss. 


Value. 


From disease: 

Horses 


20.6 

19.8 

21.7 

118.9 


523,000 
1,123,000 
1,080,000 
7,005,000 


$58,000,000 

44,000,000 

4,000,000 

73,000,000 


19.2 
19.5 
29.4 

77.5 


493,000 
1,137,000 
1,057,000 
5,008,000 


$52, 000, 000 


Cattle 


47, 000, 000 


Sheep 


5, 000, 000 




49, 000, 000 






Total 






179,000,000 






153,000,000 












From exposure: 

Cattle 


10.9 
21.0 


614,000 
1,044,000 


24,000,000 
4,000,000 


16.3 
31.8 


951,000 
1,144,000 


39,000,000 
5,000,000 


Sheep 






Total 






28,000,000 






44,000,000 













The rates of losses here given were based upon replies from many 
thousand reporters to the following question: "About how many in 
every thousand (1,000) have died during the year ending March 31 ?" 
This year the form of the question was altered, reading "How many 
per hundred (100), etc.," instead of per thousand. The returns 
indicate clearly that many reporters assumed that the question was 
the same as had been asked for many years past and reported a 
figure ten times too high. Therefore the results obtained this year 
are not comparable with estimates previously obtained and in con- 
sequence are not published. 

The written comments of agents and reporters indicate that during 
the past year the losses of hogs from cholera were still larger than in 
a normal year, but smaller than in the preceding year; the disease is 
being better controlled and losses are diminishing. The losses of 
swine from disease in the year ending March 31, 1914, were estimated 
at 119 per thousand, and it is probable that the losses last year were 
100 per thousand, and possibly a little less. It may be remembered 
that a year ago Iowa lost 25 per cent of her hogs and Minnesota and 
South Dakota each more than 20 per cent. The losses in the past 
year have been but little more than half as much. However, in a 
section comprised by Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas 
losses the past year appear to be slightly heavier than in the preceding 
year. About 90 per cent of swine losses from disease is due to 
cholera. 

The condition of live stock on April 1, 1915, with comparisons, is 
shown in Table 7, 100 representing a normal condition of healthful- 
ness. It wiU be observed from this tabulation that on April 1 the 



THE AGRICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 



19 



condition of horses was higher than a year ago and higher than the 
10-year average; the condition of cattle was sUghtly lower than a year 
ago, but stiJl above the 10-year average; the condition of sheep was 
higher than any previous date shown; and the condition of hogs, 
although still below the average, was higher than a year ago and two 
years ago, indicating the diminishing of cholera. The comparatively 
high condition of cattle, notwithstanding the outbreak of foot-and- 
mouth disease, indicates that drastic measures have resulted bene- 
ficially in keeping this dangerous disease in check. The actual losses 
of cattle during the year from foot-and-mouth disease, although 
severe in individual herds, does not bulk large in comparison with 
usual losses from disease; the average yearly loss of cattle from all 
diseases is nearly 2.0 per cent of the total supply; the losses from 
foot-and-mouth disease probably will not exceed 0.002 per cent of 
the total suppljT". 

Table 9. — Condition of live stock in the United States on dates indicated; 100=normal. 



Horses. 



Cattle. 



Sheep. 



Swine. 



Apr. 1,1915 

Apr. 1, 1914 

Apr. 1, 1913 

Apr. 1,1912 

Apr. 1,1911 

Apr. 1, 1910 

Average 1905-1914 



96.6 
96.4 
96.7 
93.6 
96.7 
95.8 



96.2 
96.5 
96.0 
91.5 
95.9 
94.6 



97.1 
96.6 
96.0 
92.9 
96.2 
93.6 



93.5 
91.6 
91.4 
89.9 
95.9 
95.4 



96.1 



94.6 



95.2 



94.2 



Sheep wintered unusually well in the western sheep section; losses 
were smaller than usual and their condition above average. 

In general, with the exception of hog cholera and foot-and-mouth 
disease, the past year was more favorable than usual for live stock; 
swine losses are becoming less and foot-and-mouth disease is believed 
to be nearly stamped out. 



APPLES IN COLD STORAGE APRIL 1, 1915, AND PROGRESS OF MOVE- 
MENT. 

[Contribution from the Office of Markets and Rural Organization.] 

Reports as of April 1, 1915, have been received from 270 cold 
storages having an approximate capacity of 6,286,482 barrels, show- 
ing the quantity of barreled and boxed apples held by them on that 
date and on the same date in 1913. Comparison with similar reports 
received on December 1, January 1, February 1, and March 1, give 
the following results : 



In storage April 1, 1915. 



Barrels. 



611,383 



Boxes. 



781,228 



Equivalent 
in barrels. 



871, 792 



20 



FABMEES BULLETIN 672. 



Of the 270 storages reporting on April 1, only 195, having an approximate capacity 
of 4,677,951 barrels, reported their holdings on April 1, 1913. Their holdings were as 
follows: 



Barrels. 



Boxes. 



Equivalent 
in barrels. 



In storage April 1, 1915. 
In storage April 1, 1913 . 



414, 723 
479,651 



642,673 
795, 547 



628,947 
744,833 



From the above, it appears that there were 15.6 per cent less apples in storage on 
April 1, 1915, than on April 1, 1913. 

Of the 270 storages reporting for April 1, only 250, having an approximate capacity 
of 6,021,682 barrels, reported on March 1. Their holdings on these dates were as 
follows: 



Barrels. 



Boxes. 



Equivalent 
in barrels. 



In storage Mar. 1, 1915. 
In storage Apr. 1, 1915. 



1,187,769 
608,404 



1,350,500 
757,674 



1,637,936 
860,962 



The decrease during March, 1915, is 579,365 barrels and 592,826 boxes, which is 
equivalent to 776,974 barrels. 

This is a decrease of 48.8 per cent in barreled apples and 43.9 per cent in boxed 
apples, or a total of 47.4 per cent of all apples in storage March 1, 1915. 

Of the 270 storages reporting for April 1, only 216, having an approximate capacity 
of 5,381,402 barrels, reported on December 1, January 1, February 1, and March 1. 
Their holdings on these dates were as follows: 



Barrels. 



Boxes. 



Eqviivalont 
in barrels. 



In storage Dec. 1, 1914. 
In storage Jan. 1, 1915. 
In storage Feb. 1, 1915 
In storage Mar. 1, 1915 
In storage Apr. 1, 1915 



2,122,978 
1,865,815 
1,458,761 
1,011,300 
512,965 



2, 274, 235 
2,122,206 
1,865,420 
1,312,002 
728,062 



2,881,056 
2,573,217 
2,080,568 
1,448,634 
755,652 



These 216 firms show a decrease during December, 1914, of 12.1 per cent barreled 
apples and 6.7 per cent boxed apples, or a total decrease of 10.7 per cent. 

During January, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 19.2 per cent, and 
boxed apples 11.3 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 17.1 per cent in the total hold- 
ings as of December 1. 

During February, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 21.1 per cent, and 
boxed apples 24.3 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 21.9 per cent in the total hold- 
ings as of December 1. 

During March, 1915, the holdings of barreled apples decreased 23.5 per cent, and 
boxed apples 25.7 per cent, equivalent to a decrease of 24.1 per cent in the total hold- 
ings as of December 1. 

During the months of December, 1914, January, 1915, February, 1915, and March, 
1915, taken together, the decrease was 75.9 per cent in barreled apples and 68 per 
cent in boxed apples, or a total decrease of 73.8 per cent since December 1, 1914. 

During March an effort was made to secure complete storage holdings as of the first 
of each month, beginning December 1, for all firms reporting. This permits com- 
parisons of the holdings of 216 cold storages for five months. 

This office will endeavor to issue on May 10 a similar statement for the month of April. 



THE AGKICULTUKAL OUTLOOK. 
CONDITION AND PRICE OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE. 



21 



Table 10. — Winter wheat and rye: Acreage sown in fall of 1914; condition and price paid 
to producers Apr. 1, 1915, with comparisons. 





Winter wheat. 


Rye. 




Acreage 
sown. 


Condition. 


Price per 
bushel 
Apr. 1- 


Condition. 


Price per 
bushel 


State. 


Per 
cent 
of 
last 
year. 


Area 
sown 
faUof 
1914 
(000 
omit- 
ted). 


Apr. 1— 


Dec. 

1, 
1914. 


Apr. 1— 


Dec. 

1, 
1914. 


Apr. 1— 




1915 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


10- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


1914 


Vermont 


P.ct. 


Acres. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


P.ct. 


as. 


Cts. 


P.ct. 

94 
93 
91 
86 
83 

82 
85 
80 
86 

78 

84 

88 
89 
91 
92 

93 
89 
93 
90 
95 

91 

87 
96 
100 
92 

82 
82 
82 


P.ct. 

98 
96 
94 
94 

91 

94 
90 
91 
95 
93 

92 

89 
92 
96 
96 

97 
91 

87 
88 
93 

96 
87 
88 
92 
95 

94 
93 
91 


P.ct. 
94 
92 
96 
91 
92 

91 
92 
91 
91 
91 

91 

89 
90 
86 

88 

91 
88 
91 
89 
94 

90 
84 
90 
92 

88 

88 
89 
90 


P.ct. 
95 
92 
94 
92 
85 

87 
89 
90 
93 
93 

96 

96 
96 
96 
93 

94 
95 
97 
96 
97 

92 
92 
94 
93 
90 

92 
92 
95 


Cts. 
85 
105 
104 
113 
105 

95 

"""ss" 

96 
93 

101 

ISO 
112 
99 
96 

105 
98 
107 
100 
98 

101 
102 
96 
99 
94 

105 
102 
132 


Cts. 
70 


Massachusetts 


















93 


Connecticut.. 


















80 


New York. . . 
New Jersey . . 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

North Caro- 
lina 

South Caro- 
lina 

Georgia 

Ohio 


105 
98 

102 
110 
106 
160 
110 

175 

300 
218 
105 
112 

115 
107 
100 
105 
103 

110 


382 
81 

1,366 
128 
658 

1,270 
265 

1,097 

246 

314 

2,101 

2,820 

2,934 

963 

89 

59 

536 

2,844 


86 

74 

78 
83 
81 
85 
86 

85 

84 
86 
87 
90 

90 
85 
90 
89 
94 

86 


95 
91 

93 
91 
93 
95 
94 

92 

89 
91 
96 
97 

98 
92 

85 
83 
95 

98 


90 
91 

90 
92 
91 
91 

89 

92 

88 
89 
83 
84 

86 
85 
89 

"'96' 

87 


96 
82 

85 
88 
89 
93 
92 

95 

96 
94 
94 
89 

92 
92 
96 
94 
96 

87 


138 
141 

138 
140 
147 
146 
139 

144 

147 
144 
141 
141 

133 
137 
130 
133 
126 

134 
132 
123 
131 
130 

140 
136 

148 


97 
97 

95 
97 
95 
101 
101 

112 

116 
122 
93 
91 

88 
92 
82 
83 
79 

86 
81 
79 
75 
80 

98 
101 
111 


72 
75 

76 
75 
74 

84 
87 

98 

175 
115 
68 


Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 


63 

62 
60 
55 
51 
62 


Missouri 

North Dakota 


74 
48 


South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

Kentucky.... 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi... 


110 
105 
98 

115 
120 

285 
225 
120 

120 
144 
135 
115 
105 

115 

125 
110 
120 

114 
110 
108 
110 


95 
3,637 
8,779 

883 

872 

97 

2 

1,367 

3,092 

184 

683 

54 

276 

55 

41 

253 

23 

394 

1,174 

686 

463 


97 
96 
89 

79 

81 
85 
84 
89 

90 

89 
96 
96 
92 

96 
97 
92 
95 

93 
95 
94 
95 


87 
93 
96 

96 
97 
93 
95 
92 

97 
95 
93 
94, 
94 

94 
95 
99 
95 

98 
97 
102 
95 


""96' 
87 

88 
90 
90 

88 
84 

85 
88 
94 
96 
94 

93 
95 
96 
99 

97 
93 
94 

88 


93 
90 
80 

89 
90 
93 
93 
89 

83 
90 
98 
90 
92 

95 
98 
89 

88 

95 
100 
93 
98 


51 

57 
65 

84 
102 
150 


Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New Mexico . 


130 

133 
131 
126 
126 
115 

129 
155 
124 
160 

105 
120 
127 
129 


95 

81 
88 
71 

86 

78 

79 
109 
73 
90 

68 
80 
86 
97 


90 

94 
89 
96 
95 
93 

"162" 
95 

89 
100 
96 
98 


81 

97 
93 
94 
97 
92 

95 
101 

96 
100 

97 
100 

98 
100 


80 

88 
88 
96 
96 
92 

90 
96 
97 
99 

98 
95 
97 
92 


92 

90 
88 
98 
90 
93 


114 

117 
90 
94 
81 
94 


104 

93 
65 
61 
64 
56 


Arizona 








Utah 


90 


71 


55 


Nevada 




Idaho 

Washington.. 

Oregon 

California 


94 
100 

96 
100 


65 
90 
120 
110 


90 
60 
85 
110 


U.S... 


111.1 


4V,263 


88.8 


95.6 


87.6 


88.3 


131.7 


84.2 


89.5 


91.3 


90.1 


93.6 


100.4 


63.0 



22 FAEMEES' BULLETIN 672. 

PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS. 

Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States. 



















April 1. 
















state. 


Corn, per 
bushel. 


Oats, per 
bushel. 


Barley, 

per 
bushel. 


Buck- 
wheat, per 
bushel. 


Potatoes, 

per 
bushel. 


Hay, per 
ton. 


Flaxseed, 

per 
bushel. 


Cotton, 

per 
pound. 




1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1916 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1916 


5- 
year 
aver, 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 




Cts. 
93 

84 
81 
80 

87 
84 
83 
85 
73 

78 
93 
91 
95 
99 

93 
94 
74 
68 
69 

72 
72 
62 
64 
75 

66 
59 
64 
73 
80 

83 
93 
,87 
93 
96 

80 
93 
96 
85 
71 

125 

125 

84 


Cts. 
76 
72 
72 
77 
92 

73 
71 

72 
69 
64 

68 
78 
79 
88 
93 

90 
8S 
68 
54 
55 

60 
56 

48 
50 
60 

57 
49 
51 
59 
72 

73 

86 
80 
74 
80 

63 
77 
93 
78 
63 

94 
105 
79 


Cts. 
65 
66 
62 
61 


Cts. 
56 
55 
54 
56 


Cts. 
85 
83 
90 


Cts. 
83 
87 
86 


Cts. 

'"so 

87 


Cts. 
71 
75 
89 
88 


Cts. 
25 
38 
42 
57 
45 

52 
36 

51 
60 
70 

56 
72 
84 
89 
129 

109 

119 

49 

66 

68 

28 
31 

37 

63 

84 

46 
52 
61 

87 
81 

104 
105 
111 
112 
115 

100 
106 
66 
84 
54 

155 
139 
64 

78 

54 
60 
62 

80 

47.8 


Cts. 
57 

72 
68 
82 
92 

87 
69 
84 
74 
91 

74 
82 
90 
96 
135 

120 
142 

71 
71 
79 

50 
49 
53 
78 
92 

62 
77 
86 
103 
88 

99 
122 
125 
107 
120 

112 
110 
72 
92 
63 

109 
129 
69 

88 

57 
60 
64 
84 


DoUs 
14.00 
13.00 
15.20 
19.50 
23.00 

20.40 
15.10 
19.70 
14.80 
17.50 

16.70 
18.70 
17.60 
18.40 
17.40 

17.70 
17.60 
13.70 
14.20 
14.50 

12.00 
10.10 
6.80 
12.90 
14.70 

5.60 
7.10 
8.30 
8.00 
7.40 

18.20 
15.10 
12.60 
12.00 
10.40 

8.40 
13.20 
8.80 
8.30 
7.00 

10.50 
10.00 
8.30 
7.80 

7.20 
11.50 
9.80 
8.80 


DoUs 
14.52 
16.74 
14.60 
20.04 
21.92 

21.04 
15.42 
19.84 
16.68 
18.30 

16.78 
17.42 
16.48 
17.10 
18.64 

17.88 
17.42 
14.16 
13.84 
14.06 

13.88 
12.82 
7.90 
10.82 
11.88 

6.54 
7.38 
9.06 
9.72 
16.00 

15.80 
14.82 
12.58 
13.02 
12.58 

9.56 
13.52 
10.44 

9.56 
10.44 

13.06 
13.44 
9.90 
11.00 

8.50 
12.74 
10.94 
11.80 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Cts. 


New Hampshire. . 


















Massachusetts . . 




























67 
62 
63 
60 

61 
69 
65 
73 

74 

73 
74 
55 
53 
55 

51 

56 
60 
51 
58 

48 
47 
48 
51 
68 

63 
72 
67 
75 
59 

55 
64 
50 
55 
49 

80 
74 
54 
67 

42 
48 
50 
50 


50 
49 

48 
49 
44 

49 
57 
57 
65 
67 

67 
71 
40 
39 
38 

41 
39 
35 
35 
44 

35 
36 
37 

45 
54 

56 
66 
63 
59 
54 

49 
58 
41 
51 

48 

51 

74 
47 
60 

41 
44 
45 
53 






100 

87 
84 
82 


91 
73 
76 
69 










New York 


79 


77 










New Jersey 










Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


80 


69 


















Maryland 


65 
79 


63 

68 


95 
98 
85 
83 


73 
82 
76 
84 
















8.1 


13.4 


West Virginia.. . 
















8.1 
8.4 

8.2 
11.0 


12.6 


South Carolina 










12.7 


Georgia 














12.7 


Florida 














15.7 


Ohio 


63 

68 
71 

80 
72 
61 
66 

57 
60 
55 
60 

87 

90 
116 


64 

64 
67 

69 
72 

66 
66 
68 

57 
61 

57 
60 
76 

82 


116 
71 

75 

87 
82 
98 
105 


75 
79 
97 

67 
72 
64 
95 
96 








Indiana 










Dlinois 




















Wisconsin 


"i68 
130 
140 

172 
158 
139 
168 


177 
173 
160 
157 

174 
171 


.--r 










Missouri 


7.0 


11 91 


North Dakota.. 














Nebraska 


100 


73 






Kansas 


143 






Kentucky 










78 


77 






7.9 
8.0 
7.8 
8.0 
8.2 

7.8 
7.9 


12.3 








12.6 


Mississippi 












12.5 














12.2 


Texas 


60 
64 


73 

60 










12.1 


Oklahoma.... 










11.7 


Arkansas 










12.2 




78 
79 
63 

95 
85 
60 
99 

66 
59 
80 
68 


63 
75 
63 

73 
78 
60 
86 

56 
58 
66 
69 

64.3 






170 
140 


169 




Wyoming 




































i --- 






16.0 




Utah.. 




























92 
80 
85 
99 


78 
81 
83 
83 














Washington 


























California 










7.0 








72.2 


167.7 






United States 


75.1 


62.1 


53.4 


40.5 


64.7 


85.8 


68.1 


11.64 


12.95 


173.2 


8.1 


12.4 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 23 

Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. 





April 1. 


March 15. 


State. 


Butter,per 
pound. 


Eggs, per 
dozen. 


Chickens, 
perpound.. 


Hogs, per 

100 
pounds. 


Beef 
cattle, 
per 100 
pounds. 


Veal 

calves, per 

100 

pounds. 


Sheep, 
per 100 
pounds. 


Lambs, 
per 100 
pounds. 




1915 


6- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 

year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 
year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 

year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5- 

year 
aver- 
age. 


Maine 


Cts. 
31 
33 
32 
33 
36 

35 
31 
34 
29 
30 

29 
26 
27 
24 
26 

25 
34 
26 
24 
25 

26 
28 
26 
26 
23 

23 
23 
22 
22 
21 

21 
21 
22 
27 
22 

22 
23 
32 
30 
27 

32 
30 
30 
35 

26 
31 
30 
27 


Cts. 
30 
31 
31 
34 
33 

34 
30 
33 
30 
29 

28 
25 
26 
24 
26 

25 
32 
25 
23 
25 

26 
28 
26 
25 
22 

22 
22 
22 
22 
21 

20 
21 
23 
27 
22 

21 
22 
33 
31 
29 

34 
36 
29 
38 

30 
32 
33 
31 


CIS. 
19 
20 
19 
25 
20 

21 
20 
22 
18 
20 

17 
16 
18 
15 
17 

16 
21 
17 
16 
16 

• 18 
17 
16 
16 
16 

16 
16 
15 
15 
15 

14 
14 
15 
16 
14 

14 
15 
21 
23 
19 

21 
21 
18 
29 

17 
19 
20 
20 


Cts. 
21 
22 
21 
26 
24 

24 
21 
23 
20 

18 

18 
17 
18 
15 
19 

18 
22 
17 
16 
16 

19 
17 
16 
16 
15 

16 
15 
16 
15 
15 

15 
15 
16 
18 
14 

15 
15 
25 
24 
21 

26 
27 
17 
31 

22 
21 
21 
19 


Cts. 
14.2 
15.0 
13.4 
17.2 
18.0 

18.6 
15.6 
17.4 
14.5 
13.5 

14.5 
13.6 
13.0 
11.2 
12.2 

12.7 
15.6 
12.6 
11.9 
11.7 

12.1 
11.9 
10.0 
10.4 
11.4 

10.3 
9.2 
10.0 
10.0 
11.3 

11.5 
12.2 
11.3 
13.4 
9.9 

10.0 
9.7 
13.2 
14.0 
13.2 

14.2 
16.0 
13.4 
22.0 

10.2 
13.1 
12.6 
15.5 


Cts. 
14.4 
14.3 
13.6 
16.4 
17.9 

16.2 
14.8 
16.9 
13.7 
14.0 

14.8 
13.5 
11.9 
11.1 
12.2 

12.6 
14.4 
12.1 
11.5 
11.5 

11.9 
11.3 
10.0 
10.1 
11.0 

9.8 
8.7 
9.7 
9.6 
11.1 

10.9 
11.4 
11.5 
12.7 
9.1 

9.4 
9.8 
14.4 
13.5 
13.1 

13.2 
17.8 
12.2 
19.9 

12.0 
14.1 
13.2 
14.6 


$7.20 
7.20 
6.50 
7.20 
7.50 

8.00 
6.90 
8.30 
7.30 
6.80 

7.50 
6.90 
6.80 
7.50 
7.50 

6.90 
6.30 
6.50 
6.50 
6.30 

6.20 
6.20 
6.10 
6.20 
6.10 

5.60 
5.90 
6.00 
6.20 
6.20 

6.20 
6.50 
5.70 
6.10 
6.20 

5.90 
5.40 
6.10 
6.40 
6.50 

6.60 
6.70 
6.50 
7.30 

6.10 
6.50 
6.60 
6.80 


17.78 
7.80 
7.52 
8.38 
8.46 

8.35 

7.76 
8.86 
8.08 

7.77 

7.80 
7.58 
7.84 
7.38 
7.40 

7.50 
6.78 
7.86 
7.84 
7.64 

7.66 
7.56 
7.44 
7.64 
7.32 

6.94 

7.26 
7.36 
7.40 
7.32 

7.02 
7.06 
6.52 
6.12 
6.86 

7.16 
6.12 
7.70 
7.72 
7.46 

7.60 
7.48 
6.92 
8.25 

7.26 
8.00 
7.90 
7.44 


$7.00 
6.40 
5.40 
5.90 
6.30 

6.50 
5.70 
6.30 
6.70 
5.90 

7.00 
5.90 
6.40 
5.00 
4.40 

4.20 
5.20 
6.50 
6.40 
6.40 

6.10 
5.20 
5.50 
6.50 
6.30 

5.30 
6.00 
6.50 
6.50 
5.90 

5.50 
4.00 
4.20 
4.90 
5.50 

5.60 
4.50 
6.50 
6.40 
6.60 

6.40 
6.20 
6.10 
6.30 

5.70 
6.20 
6.20 
6.30 


$7.00 
6.02 
5.12 
5.92 
6.20 

6.98 
5.20 
6.78 
6.20 
5.75 

5.78 
5.14 
5.52 
4.22 
4.00 

3.78 
5.04 
6.00 
5.68 
5.82 

5.36 
4.94 
4.86 
6.18 
5.76 

4.58 
5.40 
5.98 
5.96 
5.12 

4.46 
3.44 
3.68 
4.00 
4.36 

5.02 
4.04 
6.08 
5.64 
5.60 

5.48 
5.48 
5.20 
6.18 

5.48 
5.64 
5.88 
6.24 


$8.70 
8.60 
7.40 
8.40 
9.00 

9.50 
9.30 
10.00 
8.70 
9.80 

8.7o 
7.80 
7.60 
6.00 
5.00 

5.20 
6.50 
8.00 
7.60 
8.10 

8.30 
7.70 
7.10 
7.50 
7.00 

6.80 
7.10 
7.80 
7.80 
7.20 

6.50 
4.90 
5.30 
5.70 
6.20 

6.90 
5.70 
8.00 
9.70 
8.90 

8.70 
7.50 
8.60 
7.20 

7.30 
8.40 
7.50 
7.70 


S7.92 
7.74 
6.70 
8.32 
7.96 

8.90 
8.34 
8.98 
8.04 
9.35 

8.68 
7.38 
7.16 
5.34 
4.54 

4.70 
5.88 
8.06 
7.36 
7.32 

7.52 
7.22 
6.50 
6.84 
6.62 

6.12 
6.18 
6.94 
6.98 
6.52 

5.66 
4.32 
5.00 

4.78 
5.60 

6.26 
5.52 
8.18 
7.54 

7.38 

7.44 
6.30 
7.92 
7.12 

7.68 
8.06 
7.52 
6.80 


$5.20 
5.40 
4.20 


$4.30 
5.12 
3.94 


$6.70 
7.00 
6.00 


$6. 00 


New Hampshire . 


7.02 
5.92 


Massachusetts .... 




Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 


5.30 

6.00 
4.70 
6.50 
5.60 
5.00 


5.82 
4.28 
4.30 
4.98 
5.12 


7.60 

7.80 
7.20 
9.00 
7.30 
6.00 


6.67 

7.85 
6.46 

'6.'56 

7.28 


Virginia 


4.60 
4.90 
4.80 
5.10 

5.10 
6.00 
5.10 
4.60 
5.50 

5.00 
5.30 
4.90 
5.40 
5.30 

5.20 
5.40 
6.40 
6.10 
4.10 

4.10 
4.20 
4.30 
4.60 
5.00 

5.30 
4.00 
5.80 
6.00 
5.90 

5.10 


4.20 
4.50 
4.10 
4.64 

4.55 
5.30 
4.58 
4.32 
4.64 

4.68 
4.50 
4.38 
4.74 
4.62 

4.50 
4.62 
5.38 
5.14 
3.76 

3.68 
4.45 
3.82 
3.62 
4.30 

5.08 
3.74 
5.38 
5.12 
4.54 

4.66 


7.00 
6.80 
5.80 
6.00 

5.50 
7.00 
7.40 
7.10 
7.20 

7.70 
7.00 
6.50 
7.00 
7.00 

6.70 
7.00 
7.70 
7.70 
6.30 

5.90 
4.80 
5.80 
5.30 
6.00 

6.00 
4.70 
7.50 
7.20 
7.60 

6.70 


6.42 


West Virginia 

North Carolina. . . 
South Carolina. . . 


5.82 
4.86 
5.82 

5.48 


Florida 




Ohio 


6.50 


Indiana 


6.26 




6.16 




6.64 


Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 


6.08 
5.80 
6.12 




5.84 


North Dakota 

South Dakota 

Nebraska 


5.62 
5.90 
6.60 
6.20 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 


5.48 

5.34 
5.85 


Mississippi 

Louisiana 


5.00 
4.88 
5.18 


Oklahoma 

Arkansas 


6.04 
4.70 


Montana 


6.50 


Wyommg 

Colorado 


6.46 
5.80 


New Mexico 

Arizona 


6.20 


Utah 


5.80 
5.30 

5.00 
6.00 
5.70 
5.90 


4.60 
5.10 

5.12 
.5.22 
4.86 
5.22 


7.20 
6.80 

6.10 
7.20 
6.60 
7.00 


6.48 


Nevada 


6.50 


Idaho 


6.08 


Washington 

Oregon 


6.45 
5.72 


California.... 


6.12 


United States.. 


25.8 


a^4 


16.6 


17.1 


11.9 


11.5 


6.33 


7.41 


5.92 


5.29 


7.50 


6.92 


5.36 


4.79 


6.06 


6.22 



24 farmers' bulletin 672. 

Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Continued. 













March 15. 






State. 


Milch 

cows, per 

head. 


Horses, 
per head. 


Wool, per 
pound. 


Tun- 
othy 
hay, 
per 
ton. 


Clo- 
ver 
hay, 
per 
ton. 


Al- 
falfa 
hay, 

per 
ton. 


Prai- 
rie 

hay, 
per 

ton. 


Cotton 

seed, per 

ton. 


Apples, 

per 
bushel. 


Peanuts, 

per 
pound. 




1915 


6- 

year 
aver- 
age. 


1915 


5-year 
aver- 
age. 


1916 


1914 


1915 


1915 


1915 


1915 


1915 


1914 


1916 


1914 


1915 


1914 


Maine 


Dolls 
55.70 
60.00 
55.50 
72.20 
77.50 

71.70 
65.00 
68.20 
60.10 
51.40 

55.00 
47.60 
53.20 
39.00 
38.30 

37.00 
43.20 


Dolls 
51.34 
52.54 
47.32 
55.65 
65.50 

60.62 
55.94 
60.78 
51.44 
48.00 

41.52 
39.12 
43.18 
34.30 
36.10 

32.42 
40.04 


Dolls 
202 
187 
168 
193 
200 

200 
180 
176 
164 
120 

112 
134 
144 
149 

148 

143 
135 
159 
136 
143 

170 
164 
148 
148 
110 

134 
120 
123 
123 
110 

124 
119 
112 
90 
89 

101 
91 
128 
110 
118 

78 
90 
118 
130 

116 
119 
100 
117 


DolU 
186 
174 
161 
199 

214 

176 
184 
175 
142 

141 
142 
142 
150 
170 

158 
150 
170 
153 
154 

174 
168 
164 
164 
127 

154 
143 
134 
130 
131 

146 
137 
122 
102 
96 

112 
112 
136 
106 
120 

92 
116 
109 
168 

130 
151 
120 
135 


Cts. 
24 
22 
25 


Cts. 
20 
17 

18 


Dolls 
14.10 
17.40 
13.90 
20.50 
22.50 

20.00 
15.50 
19.50 
14.90 
18.60 

15.70 
19.50 
19.30 
22.30 
24.80 

21.40 
24.00 


DolU 
11.50 
15.00 
14.00 
18.20 


DolU 


DolU 


DolU 


DolU 


CU. 
56 
70 

78 
82 
88 

80 
53 
60 
60 

70 

55 
54 
57 
80 
100 

110 


Cts. 
110 
150 
150 
140 
160 

125 
110 
160 
115 
150 

135 
118 
160 
100 
160 

180 


CU. 


CU. 


New Hampshire 














Vermont 














Massachusetts. . 














Rhode Island.. 


23 

23 
25 
25 
23 


17 

22 

18 
20 
20 














Connecticut 


17.50 
13.00 
16.50 
13.20 
16.00 

13.00 
18.00 
17.50 
20.10 
24.20 

19.70 














New York 


15.80 


9.80 










New Jersey .... 










Pennsylvania. . 


15.20 












Delaware 












Maryland 


















Virginia 

West Virs^inia.. 


24 
25 
20 
17 

20 
19 
26 
23 
21 

26 
23 
19 
22 
20 

15 
20 
24- 


20 
20 
19 
16 

20 
18 
19 
19 
17 

19 

18 
15 

17 

18 

15 
15 
15 


20.20 
23.00 
23.00 
26.00 

22.20 




30.70 


34.50 


3.3 


4.6 


North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 

Georgia 

Florida 


i7.'46 
15.00 


24.50 
25.20 

25.90 
22.00 


27.40 
28.00 

26.20 
25.60 


3.9 
5.0 

5.1 
4.6 


4.0 
5.0 

6.5 

5 n 


Ohio 


58.40152.82 
54. lo! 49. 20 
63. 80 54. 66 

59. 60 48. 62 
61. 40 53. 12 
58. lO' 47. 30 
60.30(53.20 
56. 40 49. 14 


14. 40 13. 00 

15. 70 13. 90 


15.50 
16.10 




73 
97 
105 

69 
107 
125 
125 
100 


150 
125 
130 

100 
160 
183 
150 
140 




Indiana 


8.80 
12.00 










Illinois 


15.90l4..'iO,16..V) 










Miphiffi.Ti . . 


12.10 
10.80 
9.60 
13.80 
15.40 

9.00 
10.50 
10.40 
11.80 
18.60 

19.70 


10.4013.90 
9.5013.00 

g.oojio.oo 

13.0015.70 
14. 20 15. 80 










Wisconsin 


6.70 
6.60 
11.70 
12.00 

6.40 
7.10 
8.40 
8.40 










Minnpsotn, , 










Iowa 










Missouri 


26.70 








North Dakota.. 


62.20 
61.70 
66.60 
66.10 
48.00 

43.90 
36.30 
38.30 
38.10 
55.30 

56.80 
41.60 
80.00 
83.60 
75.40 

68.20 
100.00 
66.50 
83.30 

76.00 
70.30 
69.30 

74.80 


48.84 
49.96 
53.58 
52.20 
41.02 

38.34 
32.04 
32.32 
31.34 

43.80 

47.12 
33.18 
62.46 
60.42 
55.84 

53.36 
77.25 
48.66 
61.55 

57.66 
63.50 
54.36 
55.90 


11.00 
12.00 
10.60 
10.10 
17.20 

18.70 


11.00 
11.00 
9.50 
10.20 
19.50 

19.80 
23.50 
21.20 
16.00 
16. 00 

11.90 
17. 20 
9.50 
8.00 
8. .30 

10.30 
14.00 
8.00 
14.50 

7.30 
10.50 
8.30 
9.00 






South Dakota. . 






150 

120 

120 

96 

95 
105 

"125 

130 
105 

95 
240 

80 

105 

226 

80 

150 

85 
66 
90 
75 


230 
160 
190 
130 

150 
160 

"160 

170 
160 






Nebraska 










Kansas 










Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 


24 

20 
16 
16 
15 
15 

20 
17 
26 
24 
25 

19 
26 
25 
24 

24 
18 
23 

18 


19 

18 
15 
16 
14 
14 

15 
16 
18 
15 
17 

13 
17 
15 
14 

16 
15 
15 
12 










14.70 
13.70 
10.50 
9.20 
10.20 

8.60 
11.40 
10.00 
11.00 

8.50 

10.30 


24.60 
24.50 
23.80 
20.60 
19.00 

18.80 
20.00 


24.40 
26.70 
24.30 
18.20 
20.30 

21.10 
19.50 


4.4 
4.7 
4.0 
2.5 
4.5 

4.9 
4.6 


4.0 

5 


Mississippi 






4 8 


Louisiana 






3 5 


Texas 






T 


Oklahoma 






5 5 


Arkansas 

Montana 


18.90 
11.40 
10.40 
11.50 

15.00 


17.50 
9.50 
8.20 

11.50 


4.5 


Wyoming 


















120 

175 
240 
110 
200 

115 
115 
100 
150 






New Mexico. . . 










Arizona 










Utah 


9.50 
20.00 

9.80 
12.50 
11.00 


10.00 

8.50 
11.20 
9.00 


7.00 
6.70 










Nevada 










Idaho 






Washington.... 
Oregon 










7.20 










California 


























United States 


58.00 


48.90 


131. 60 


143.94 


22.8 


16.4 


14.28 


13.41 


9.79 


8.03 


22.32 


23.60 


73.4 


128.9 


4.2 


4.7 



THE AGKICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 25 

Table 11. — Prices paid to 'producers of farm products, by States — Continued. 















March 15. 




State. 


Honey, 
comb, 

per 
pound. 


Honey, 
extract, 

per 
pound. 


Maple 
sugar, 

per 
pound. 


Maple 

sirup, 

per 

gallon. 


Hops, 

per 

pound. 


Beans, 

per 
bushel. 


Cabbages, 
per 100 
pounds. 


Onions, 

per 
bushel. 


Sweet 
pota- 
toes, per 
bushel. 


Broom 

corn, 

per ton. 




1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


191S 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 
Cts. 


1914 
Cts. 


1915 


1914 


Me.... 


Cis. 
19 
20 
19 
18 


Cts. 
20 
20 
18 
20 


Cts. 

18 
22 
20 


Cts. 
20 
21 
16 


\Cts 
19.0 
16.0 
10.5 
17.5 


,Cts. 
20.0 
15.0 
11.5 
19.0 


Cts. 
123 
111 
106 
109 


Cts. 
125 
110 
100 
110 


Cts. 


Cts. 


Dolls 
3.59 
3.50 
3.40 
3.05 
3.25 

3.50 
3.10 
3.27 
3.10 
3.25 

3.30 
3.03 
3.08 
2.74 
2.62 

2.95 
3.00 
3.14 
3.14 
3.15 

2.75 
2.88 
2.88 
3.50 
3.33 

3.10 
3.08 
3.11 
3.42 
2.92 

2.88 
2.70 


Dolls 
2.85 
2.74 
2.40 
3.38 

2.45 
2.35 
2.75 
2.36 
2.60 

2.25 
2.65 
2.83 
2.39 
2.70 

2.85 
2.65 
2.40 
2.50 
2.50 

1.68 
2.05 
2.10 
2.50 
2.70 

2.90 
2.78 
2.50 
2.80 
2.40 

2.60 
2.35 


Dolls 
1.15 
1.40 
1.50 
1.10 
1.10 

1.65 
.50 
1.00 
1.50 
1.75 

1.10 
1.80 
2.00 
1.50 
2.30 

2.10 
2.10 
1.50 
1.75 
1.80 

1.25 
1.50 
1.85 
2.60 
2.50 

3.10 
3.50 
2.30 
2.40 
1.90 

2.00 
1.90 
1.80 
2.60 
2.20 

2.50 
2.90 
1.80 
2.25 
1.30 

2.25 
2.40 
1.90 
2.50 

2.00 
2.00 
2.10 
1.60 


Dolls 
1.82 
2.25 
2.62 
2.00 
1.55 

1.50 
1.15 
1.80 
2.50 
1.90 

1.88 
2.50 
2.60 
2.50 
2.42 

2.50 
2.30 
2.40 
2.25 
2.45 

2.00 
2.20 
2.80 
3.60 
3.10 

4.00 
3.70 
3.05 
2.70 
2.65 

2.50 
2.00 
3.20 
2.25 
2.40 

3.60 
3.00 
2.50 
4.00 
2.00 

2.95 
3.15 
2.90 
3.30 

2.55 
2.50 
2.20 
2.00 


Cts 
95 
78 
80 
71 
70 

67 
68 
65 
85 
93 

75 
105 
120 

98 
140 

135 
160 
75 
90 
100 

59 
96 
100 
115 
130 

165 
140 
135 
125 
110 

100 
160 
130 
100 
160 

160 
125 

100 
200 
60 

ISO 


Cts. 
108 
150 
167 
105 
170 

144 
150 
140 
130 
130 

100 
105 
140 
91 
160 

190 
185 
150 
140 
170 

110 
150 
145 
150 
165 

190 
188 
160 
200 
130 

110 
165 
170 
142 
200 

165 
170 
150 
230 
175 

210 


Dolls 


Dolls 


N.H . 














Vt.... 














Mass.. 














R.I.. 


15 

15 
14 
15 
12 
16 


15 














Conn . 


18 
14 
16 
17 
15 

19 
14 
18 
14 
13 

11 
12 
16 
17 

15 

15 
14 
15 
16 
16 

20 
14 
17 
16 
15 

14 
11 
11 
12 
11 

15 
12 
12 
15 
12 

12 

"u 

12 

12 
12 
12 
11 

13.6 


18 
15 
20 
15 
14 






















N.Y.. 


12 
17 
11 


13.0 


12.0 


102 


105 


8 


30 










N. J.. 


118 
125 
108 


75 
140 
50 






Pa.... 


14.4 


13.4 


105 


105 










Del... 










Md... 




















Va.... 


14 
16 
14 
14 

12 
11 
17 
17 
15 

15 
14 
15 
15 
15 


14 
14 
14 
15 

11 
8 
11 
16 
14 

10 
10 
11 
13 
13 


13 
14 

15 
14 

12 


14.0 
15.5 
18.0 


14.0 
16.0 
16.0 


105 
112 
94 


100 
120 
100 






91 

125 

85 
88 

80 
74 
115 
110 
120 


82 

130 

75 

86 

85 
85 
130 
125 
115 






W.Va. 










N.C... 






3.0... 






Ga ... 


















Fla... 


















Ohio.. 


14 
16 
12 

10 
10 
15 
12 
12 


12.8 
17.0 
20.0 

15.0 
15.5 
19.0 


13.5 
15.0 
24.0 

14.0 
14.0 
15.0 


109 
127 
140 

126 
140 
150 
140 
114 


110 
125 
133 

120 
125 
125 
110 
110 










tod... 










[U .... 






85 


120 


Mich.. 






kVis... 














tfinn 














[owa. . 






150 
115 


128 
135 






Mo ... 


20.0 


19.0 










N.Dak 










S. Dak 


17 
15 
17 
15 

13 
11 
12 
12 
12 

15 
13 
12 
12 
11 

12 
13 
10 
12 

12 
13 
12 
13 

13.7 


15 
13 
11 
14 

15 
12 
12 
10 
10 

11 
12 
10 
11 

8 

11 
12 

8 
8 

9 
10 
11 

6 

10.8 


14 
12 
16 

15 

14 
12 
11 
11 
12 

12 
13 






















Nebr. . 














155 
120 
105 

100 
88 
80 
69 

110 

120 
100 








Cans . 














150 
110 

100 
85 
75 
75 

115 

120 
105 


73 


76 


Ky.... 


18.7 
20.0 


20.0 
19.0 


131 
102 


128 
105 






Tenn . 










Ala... 










iliss .. 


















La.... 






















Tex... 














3.12 

3.07 
3.25 
3.24 
3.16 
2.66 

2.78 
3.15 
3.37 


3.00 

2.85 
2.65 
3.30 
3.00 
2.10 

2.70 
2.55 
3.45 


60 
65 




Okla.. 














89 


Ark .. 














Mont . 


















Wyo.. 


10 

7 

10 

8 
8 
8 

9 
10 
11 

8 

11.1 






















Colo . . 






















N.Mex 














165 
110 


190 
200 






Ariz . . 


















Utah.. 














125 
130 

110 

85 
110 

85 

95.3 


200 
164 

215 
180 
160 
155 

155.2 






Nev . . 






















Idaho. 














2.90 
4.00 
3.00 
3.00 


2.70 
3.05 
3.00 
2.40 










Wash. 










10 
14 
13 

12.0 


"i7 
16 

20.5 










Oreg . . 


















Cal . . . 










115 

90.8 


175 
S7.3 








12.5 


12.4 


109.8 




38.42 




U.S. 


109.9 


2.89 


2.05 


1.38 


2.03 


31.36 



26 FARMERS* BULLETIN 6*72. 

Table 11. — Prices paid to producers of farm products, by States — Concluded. 





Prices paid to producers, 
March 15. 


Prices paid by producers, March 15. 


State. 


Clover 
seed , per 
bushel. 


Tunothy 
seed , per 
bushel. 


Alfalfa 
seed , per 
bushel. 


Clover 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Timothy 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Alfelfa 
seed, per 
bushel. 


Bran, per 
ton. 


Cotton- 
seed meal, 
per ton. 




1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 


1915 


1914 




Dolls 


Dolls 


Dolls 


Dolls 


Dolls 


Dolls 


Dolls 
12.20 
11.50 
11.15 
12.65 


Dolls 
9.75 
11.50 
11.00 




Dolls 
4.30 
3.90 
4.15 
4.00 


Dolls 
3.50 
3.50 
3.60 
3.12 


Dolls 


Dolls 


Dolls 
31.10 
30.10 
29.30 
29.50 
29.80 

29.40 
30.00 
30.00 
29.10 
32.30 

29.30 
30.20 
31.30 
31.60 
32.00 

33.10 
33.10 
29.60 
28.30 
26.90 

29.30 
25.40 
25.30 
26.90 
26.00 

24.80 
25.30 
24.80 
23.40 
28.40 

29.40 
32.50 
30.70 
28.60 
30.30 

27.90 
28.00 
27.60 
27.50 
27.70 

31.80 
46.00 
27.00 
35.00 
27.90 

•^n. 30 


Dolls 
29.60 
30.50 
29.40 
30.50 
29.60 

29.00 
28.80 
29.90 
29.40 
30.00 

30.20 
29.30 
30.80 
31.80 
31.60 

31.60 
30.70 
28.60 
27.80 
26.50 

28.80 
26.10 
24.40 
25.90 
25.50 

21.40 
22.90 
24.20 
24.10 
29.40 

29.30 
31.90 
31.30 
29.60 
30.40 

27.00 
27.50 
22.60 
24.40 
26.60 

31.10 
32.00 
24.20 
33.50 
23.00 

24.50 
23.80 
29.10 


Dolls 
33.90 
34.60 
34.10 
34.90 
34.00 

33.80 
34.20 
33.90 
34.10 


Dolls 
35 20 


New Hampshire 


















35 10 


Vermont 















11.35 
15.00 


10.00 


34 90 


Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 















35.50 
36.00 


Onnnpntifiit 














10.00 
11.40 
10.50 
10.20 
10.00 

8.75 
10.50 
10.90 
11.20 
10.00 


12.00 
10.50 
10.70 
10.00 
10.38 

9.90 
10.35 
10.45 

9.60 


3.50 
4.10 
3.65 
3.70 
3.75 

3.60 
3.60 
3.80 
3.90 


3.80 
3.20 
3.20 
3.05 
3.25 

3.00 
3.10 
3.25 
3.40 






34 00 


New York 

New Jersey 


10.80 


10.80 


3.90 


3.00 


10.50 


9.80 


11.10 
11.50 
10.70 
8.00 


9.00 
9.40 
9.40 


34.30 
35.50 


Pennsylvania 

Delaware 


9.30 
9.00 


8.75 
8.75 


3.45 
3.20 


2.60 

2.82 


8.50 


7.40 


35.20 


Maryland 






33.30 
31.80 
33.90 
30.80 
29.40 

29.50 
31.60 
33.50 
32.40 
31.70 

33.40 
34.30 
36.00 
30.90 
30.20 

40.00 
33.80 
32.50 
30.80 
29.90 

30.80 
30.40 
29.50 
30.50 
29.70 

28.90 
28.40 
27.60 


35.00 


Vii-ginia 

West Virginia 


10.40 
10.40 
9.40 


9.55 
10.00 
9.75 


3.45 
3.25 


3.00 
3.05 






10.30 
10.90 


9.20 
9.25 


33.90 
35.00 
33 20 


South Carolina. . . 
Georgia 










11.25 
10.80 




30.40 
30.20 


Florida 






















32.70 


Ohio 

Indiana 

Illiaois 


8.25 
8.40 
9.15 

8.15 
7.70 
8.50 
9.50 
9.90 


8.10 
7.80 
8.55 

7.80 
7.80 
8.70 
8.70 
9.10 


2.90 
3.10 
3.00 

3.10 
2.70 
2.80 
2.80 
3.20 

2.40 
2.30 
3.30 
2.90 
3.50 

3.45 


2.25 
2.50 
2.45 

2.40 
2.35 
2.50 
2.10 
2.80 

'2.06 
2.45 
2.75 
2.90 

2.82 


9.00 
9.45 
9.70 

9.25 
9.10 
8.80 
9.80 
9.70 

10.50 
9.00 
8.30 
7.20 
9.95 

10.30 


8.10 
8.10 
8.30 

7.65 
9.75 

'8.16 
7.70 

8.76 
6.50 
5.80 
10.00 

9.40 


9.45 
9.65 
10.10 

9.80 
9.00 
10.00 
10.10 
10.70 

9.00 
9.30 
11.00 
10.50 
10.35 

11.40 
12.00 


9.20 
8.80 
9.95 

9.60 
8.65 
11.60 
9.40 
9.75 

10.60 
11.30 
10.50 
10.00 
10.00 

10.10 
12.50 


3.55 
3.65 
3.55 

3.75 
3.40 
3.40 
3.00 
3.80 

2.65 
3.00 
3.50 
3.60 
3.75 

3.75 


2.80 
2.95 
2.85 

3.10 
2.75 
3.10 
2.30 
3.40 

2.60 
2.10 
3.40 
3.00 
3.00 

3.00 


10.30 
10.60 
10.50 

10.90 
10.90 
12.25 
11.40 
10.70 

11.00 
10.20 
9.70 
8.20 
10.30 

10.90 
12.00 
11.90 


9.30 
8.95 
9.80 

8.90 
10.00 
11.70 
8.70 
9.00 

14.00 
11.00 
7.30 
6.40 
9.00 

9.10 


34.60 
34.10 
32.40 


Michigan 


34.20 


Wisconsin 

Mmnesota 

Iowa . 


34.40 
32.70 
31.70 


Missouri 


30.70 


North Dakota. 


26.00 


South Dakota 

Nebraska 

Kansas 


8.00 
10.00 
8.80 
9.60 

10.40 


10.50 
9.20 
8.60 
9.45 

9.20 


31.00 
35.40 
32.10 


Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 


32.50 

31.00 
30.60 


Mississippi 














30.70 


Louisiana 






















30.40 


Texas 

Oklahoma 










7.20 
7.00 

'9.' 66 

7.45 
9.60 

7.20 


6.50 

'8.' 26 
7.40 
7.00 

8.00 










10.70 

8.50 
11.10 
11.00 
9.00 
9.85 

8.00 


7.90 

7.15 
10.90 
10.00 
9.50 
7.90 

12.50 


31.70 
31.30 


Arkansas 

Montana 


10.70 


10.38 






11.00 
11.00 
10.00 


11.30 
12.50 


3.80 
3.50 
3.20 


3.40 
3.00 
3.15 


29.80 


Wyoming 






2.80 
2.25 


2.50 




Colorado 







32. 26 .3.^. 40 


New Mexico 










34.70 


38.00 






















Utah 






4.00 


5.00 


7.50 
7.30 
8.00 


6.25 
8.00 
6.50 


10.00 


11.00 


5.00 


3.60 


8.30 


7.00 






Nevada 






Idaho 

Washington 


7.90 


6.90 


2.25 


L75 


10.00 
12.50 


9.40 
11.00 


3.60 

4.05 
3.30 
4.50 


2.75 

4.20 
2.70 
4.05 


10.40 

13.00 
11.00 
10.50 


8.70 
12.00 


38.00 


39.20 


Oregon 


8.00 


7.40 






9.60 
8.10 


7.00 
7.30 


8 20 58.00 




California 






13.80 


12.00 


8.30 


31.90 


30.00 
31.32 
















United States.. 


8.55 


8.17 


2.78 


2.30 


7.92 


6.60 


10.33 


9.45 


3.60 


2.97 


9.58 


8.01 


28.23 


27.58 


32.65 



THE AGEICULTUEAL OUTLOOK. 27 

Table 12.— Averages for the United States of prices paid to producers of farm products. 



Product. 



Hogs per 100 pounds. 

Beef cattle do. . . 

Veal calves do. . . 

Sheep do... 

Lambs do. .. 

Milch cows perhead. 

Horses do. .. 

Chickens per pound. 

Eggs per dozen. 

Honey, comb per pound. 

Honey, extracted do. . . 

Maple sugar do. . . 

Maple sirup per gallon. 

Wool, unwashed. ..per poimd. 

Pean uts do . . . 

Apples per bushel. 

Beans do. . . 

Sweet potatoes do. . . 

Onions do... 

Cabbages per 100 pounds. 

Timothy hay .per ton. 

Clover hay do... 

Alfalfa hay do. . . 

Prairie hay do. . . 

Clover seed per bushel. 

Timothy seed do. . . 

Alfalfa seed do. . . 

Broom com per ton. 

Cotton seed do. . . 

Hops per pound. 

Paid by farmers: 

Clover seed. . .per bushel. 

Timothy seed do. . . 

Alfalfa seed do. . . 

Bran per ton . 

Cottonseed meal do. . . 



March 15. 



1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 



$6.33 
5.92 
7.50 
5.36 
6.06 
58.00 
132.00 
.117 
.165 
.135 
.108 
.125 
1.10 
.228 
.042 
.73 
2.89 
.91 
.95 
1.38 
14.28 
13.41 
9.79 
8.03 
8.55 
2.78 
7.92 
68.00 
22.32 
.120 



10.33 
3.60 
9.58 

28.23 
31.32 



87.80 
6.28 

7.92 
4.77 
6.31 
59.23 
138.00 
.124 
.222 
.13 
.111 
.124 
1.10 
.164 
.047 
1.29 
2.05 
.87 
1.55 
2.03 



8.17 

2.30 

6.60 

91.00 

23.60 

.205 



9.45 
2.97 
8.01 

27.58 
32.65 



$7.62 
5.88 
7.49 
4.97 
6.56 
54.02 
146.00 
.115 
.170 
.139 
.119 
.126 
1.06 
.184 
.047 
.82 
2.10 
.91 
.77 
1.03 



10.42 
1.72 
8.19 
57.00 
21.55 



12.30 
2.33 

9.78 
24.96 
31.08 



$5.94 
4.75 
6.11 
4.12 
5.38 

44.09 
140.00 



.139 

.127 
.111 
1.05 
.169 
.050 
1.04 
2.42 
1.02 
1.67 
2.88 



12.89 
7.33 



99.00 

18.21 

.401 



29.16 
31.22 



$6.74 
4.66 
6.48 
4.45 
5.49 

45.42 
145.00 



.135 
.121 



.168 
.04{ 
1.25 
2.17 
.87 
1.05 
1.26 



8.56 
4.93 



78.00 
25.49 
.192 



24.94 
31.32 



April 15. 



1914 1913 



8.06 

2.28 

6.77 

89.00 

24.17 

.206 



9.84 
2.95 
8.17 
28.50 
32.75 



11.00 
1.74 
8.36 
58.00 
21.89 
.150 



12.90 
2.43 
9.99 
24. 69 
30.89 



February 15. 



1915 1914 1913 



10.32 
3.56 
9.29 
28.96 
30.88 



8.07 

2.12 

6.48 

95.00 

23.37 

.191 



9.77 

2.94 

7.98 

26. 91 

32.59 



Product. 



April 1. 



1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 



Mayl. 



1914 1913 



March 1. 



1915 1914 1913 



Wheat cents per bushel 

Corn do.. 

Oats do.. 

Barley do. . 

Rye do.. 

Buckwheat do . . 

Potatoes do . . 

Flaxseed do. . 

Hay dollars per ton 

Butter cents per pound 

Eggs cents per dozen 

Chickens cents per pound 

Cotton do.. 



131.7 
75.1 
53.4 
64.7 

100.4 
85.3 
47.8 

167.7 
11.64 
25.8 
16.6 
11.9 
8.1 



84.2 
70.7 
39.5 
51.7 
63.0 
76.9 
70.0 
132. 8 
12.20 
24.9 
17.6 
12.3 
11.9 



79.1 
5-3.7 
33.1 
48.5 
62.9 
68.3 
50.3 
113.6 
11.15 
27.6 
16.4 
11.6 
11.8 



92.5 
71.1 
52.0 
92.3 
85.1 
76.9 
117.1 
191.3 
16.79 
26.1 
17.8 
10.8 
10.1 



49.7 
32.3 
69.1 
75.4 
65.3 
55.5 
234.6 
11.89 
22.6 
14.9 
10.8 
13.9 



83.9 
72.1 
39.5 
49.3 
62.9 
77.3 
71.4 
134.7 
12.32 
23.8 
16.8 
12.5 
12.2 



56.8 
34.2 
48.3 
62.4 
71.4 
48.2 
114.3 
11.13 
27.0 
16.1 
11.8 
11.6 



133.6 
75.1 
52.1 
67.7 

105.4 
85.5 
50.4 

157.9 
11.71 
26.8 
21.3 
11.7 
7.4 



83.1 
69.1 
38.9 
51.1 
61.9 
75.1 
70.7 
132.5 
12.37 
26.0 
24.2 
12.1 
12.6 



28 FARMERS^ BULLETIN 6'72. 

Table 13. — Rp,nge of prices of agricultural products at market centers: Statement for 

April, 1915. 



Product and market. 


April 1,1915. 


March, 1915. 


February, 
1915. 


March, 1914. 


March, 1913. 


Wheat per bushel: 

No. 2 red winter, St. Louis. . 

No. 2 red winter, Chicago 

No. 2 red winter, New York i. 
Corn per bushel: 

No. 2 mixed, St. Louis 

No. 2, Chicago 


$1.49 -$1.49 
1.51 - 1.52 
1.63- 1.64} 

.74}- .74} 
.72- .73} 
.79- .80 

.57}- .57} 
. 56}- . 56} 
L16- 1.17 

14.50-15.50 


$1.36}-$1.67} 
1.36}- 1.62J 
L49}- L74 

.70- .75} 
.70- .75 
.76i- .82 

.55- .60 

.531- .604 

1.12- 1.21 

14.50-16.00 


$1.45 -$1.64 
1.45}- L68 
1.58- 1.80 

.68}- .78 
.68}- .78 
.75}- .88} 

.55- .60 

.53- .60 

1.15- 1.31 

15. 00 -16. 00 


$0.92 -$0.96} 
.924- .961 
L05- 1.06 

.65- .72 
. 63 - .70 
.681- .72} 

.38}- .43 
.371- .39} 
.59}- .63 

14.50 -16.00 

. 42 - .45 

.22- .22 
.28- .29 

8.20- 9.00 

.24}- .32 
.25- .30 

.21- .36 
.17J- .27 

.16}- .17} 


$0.97}-$1.12 
1.01 - 1.08 
L09}- L12 

.49- .54} 
.50- .53} 
.55}- .58} 

32 - 34 


No. 2 mixed, New York i 

Oats per bushel: 

No. 2, St. l,ouis 




.311- .33} 
.58- .62} 

13.00 16 50 


Rye per bushel: No. 2, Chicago. . 
Baled hay per ton: No. 1 timo- 


Hops, per pound: Choice, New 
York 


. 21 - .27 


Wool per pound: 

Ohio fine unwashed, Boston. 

Best tub washed, St. Louis. . 
Live hogs per 100 pounds: Bulk 


. 28 - .29 
.40- .40 

6.75 - 6.85 

-.30}- .30} 
.28}- .28} 

.191- .20} 
.18}- ..18} 

.16i- .17 


. 28 - .29 
.40- .40 

6.50- 6.95 

.28}- .32 
.28}- .29 

.18J- .20} 
. 17 - . 18} 

.16- .17i 


.24- .29 
.30- .35 

6.35.- 7.00 

.24- .30 
.29- .32 

. 33 - . 40 

. 20 - .28 

. 16}- . 17} 


.23- .24 
.33- .35 

8. 75 - 9. 50 


Butter per pound: 

Creamery, extra. New York. 

Creamery, extra, Elgin 

Eggs per dozen: 

Average best fresh, New York 

Average best fresh, St. Louis. 

Cheese per pound : Colored, 2 New 

York 


.35}- .42 
.34- .35 

.20- .31 
. 16 - .19 

.16- .171 







1 F. o. b. afloat. 

3 Septembercolored—SeptembertoApril,inclusive; new colored May to July, inclusive; colored August. 



WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICII : 1915 



! 




c 




